DOCSLIB.ORG

Invasive Alien Species in Protected Areas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Invasive Alien Species in Protected Areas INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND PROTECTED AREAS A SCOPING REPORT Produced for the World Bank as a contribution to the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) March 2007 PART I SCOPING THE SCALE AND NATURE OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES THREATS TO PROTECTED AREAS, IMPEDIMENTS TO IAS MANAGEMENT AND MEANS TO ADDRESS THOSE IMPEDIMENTS. Produced by Maj De Poorter (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union) with additional material by Syama Pagad (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union) and Mohammed Irfan Ullah (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India, [email protected]) Disclaimer: the designation of geographical entities in this report does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, ISSG, GISP (or its Partners) or the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. 1 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................6 GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................9 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................12 1.1 Invasive alien species.........................................................................................12 1.2 Invasive alien species in protected areas............................................................14 1.3 Why this scoping report on invasive alien species in protected areas? .............15 1.4 Aims of this scoping ..........................................................................................16 2 INFORMATION COLLECTED, COLLATED AND ANALYSED FOR THIS SCOPING REPORT....................................................................................................17 2.1 Pilot sample of information on IAS in protected areas (Pilot sample) ..............17 2.2 Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) query..............................................18 2.3 Combined result from several Ramsar searches (Ramsar query)......................19 2.4 Countries/Regions for this scoping....................................................................20 2.5 Information From IUCN MPA Survey (2005) ..................................................21 3 SCOPING RESULT: AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION ON INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES IN PROTECTED AREAS.............................................................22 3.1 Prioritising.........................................................................................................22 3.2 Global level........................................................................................................22 3.3 Regional.............................................................................................................24 3.4 Information at national level and for individual sites........................................25 3.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................25 4 SCOPING RESULTS: SITES, COUNTRIES, IAS SPECIES................................27 4.1 Overall result......................................................................................................27 4.2 Number of protected areas in the records, where invasive alien species are recorded as an issue..................................................................................................27 4.3 Number of countries in the records that have protected area(s) where invasive alien species are recorded as an issue ......................................................................28 4.4 Number of IAS species recorded as an issue for protected areas ......................29 4.5 Discussion: number of sites, number of countries, number of IAS..................31 4.6 IAS threats from within the wider landscape vs. threats from within the site itself ......................................................................................................................32 4.7 Native invasive species issues ...........................................................................32 4.8 Information on protected area types...................................................................34 4.9 Wetlands of international importance (Ramsar sites)........................................34 4.10 World Heritage sites.........................................................................................36 4.11 Biosphere Reserves..........................................................................................37 4.12 Other types of sites...........................................................................................37 4.13 IUCN Categories.............................................................................................38 4.14 Our results are only "the top of the iceberg"....................................................39 5 SCOPING RESULTS: IAS IMPACTS IN PROTECTED AREAS.......................41 5.1 Introduction........................................................................................................41 5.2 Effects of disturbance, small size and/or isolation of protected areas...............42 5.3 Impact Types in the GISD query .......................................................................42 5.4 Uncertainty of impacts.......................................................................................44 6 SCOPING RESULT: IMPACT IN DIFFERENT HABITAT / ECOSYSTEMS....46 6.1 Undisturbed habitats and successionally advanced communities......................46 6.2 Island and freshwater systems............................................................................46 2 6.3 Continental situations.........................................................................................47 6.4 The marine environment....................................................................................48 6.5 Mountain and wilderness areas..........................................................................48 6.6 Overall Conclusion ............................................................................................49 7 SCOPING RESULT: ASSESSMENT OF FUTURE TRENDS ..............................50 7.1 IAS issues caused by designation of a site.........................................................50 7.2 Trade and travel .................................................................................................51 7.3 Other global change...........................................................................................51 7.4 Time delays........................................................................................................52 7.5 Conclusion .........................................................................................................52 8 SCOPING RESULTS: IMPEDIMENTS/CHALLENGES TO ADDRESSING IAS IN PA(S) ......................................................................................................................53 8.1 Sources of Information used..............................................................................53 8.2 Pilot sample results ............................................................................................53 8.3 Marine survey results.........................................................................................56 8.4 Expert Comments...............................................................................................57 8.5 Discussion based on the findings in the marine survey, pilot sample, expert comments and literature...........................................................................................57 8.6 Summary : Impediments, challenges, and how to address them .......................61 9 SCOPING SOLUTIONS: DEVELOP AND FOSTER CAPACITY TO MAINSTREAM IAS ISSUES INTO PROTECTED AREAS MANAGEMENT.....63 9.1 Introduction........................................................................................................63 9.2 IAS issues in PA management effectiveness evaluation ...................................63 9.3 IAS issues in assessing site value and vulnerability.........................................64 9.4 Mainstreaming IAS issues into protected area management.............................64 10 SCOPING SOLUTIONS: DEVELOP AND FOSTER CAPACITY FOR EFFECTIVE IAS MANAGEMENT AT SITE OR SYSTEM LEVEL ......................67 10.1 Adaptive Management Approach ....................................................................67 10.2 Prevention, risk assessment, early detection and rapid response.....................67 10.3 Eradication and control....................................................................................70 10.4 Prioritising........................................................................................................70 10.5 Other issue of importance to IAS management at site level............................71 11 SCOPING SOLUTIONS: DEVELOP AND FOSTER AWARENESS.................73 11. 1 Awareness raising is a critical component of IAS management.....................73 11.2 Awareness at all levels.....................................................................................73 11.3 Monitoring and Evaluation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • General Awareness Questions May 2017
    www.leadthecompetition.in GENERAL AWARENESS QUESTIONS POSTED IN MAY 2017 1. Rodrigo Duterte is the President of a.Indonesia b. Philippines c. Thailand d. Singapore 2. Monazite sand in India is a rich source of a. Thorium b. Platinum c. Uranium d. Gold 3. Nelumbo nucifera is India's a. National tree b. National fruit c. National bird d. National flower 4. Guru Gobind Singh died at which of the following places? a. Patna b. Amritsar c. Nanded d. Anandpur 5. Vasco da Gama reached Indian in the year a. 1498 b. 1496 c. 1494 d. 1492 6. Which is the most malleable and ductile metal? a. Gold b. Silver c. Platinum d. Aluminium 7. Snellen chart is used by a. Astronomers b. Optometrists c. Sailors d. Pilots 8. Which of these is endemic to Western Ghats? a. Hangul b. Hoolock Gibbon c. Sloth Bear d. Liontailed Macaque 9. Abdul Kalam island was previously known as a. Sagar island b. Salsette island c. Wheeler island d. Havelock island 10. Corruption Perception Index is published by a. Transparency International b. World Trade Organisation c. International Monetary Fund d. World Bank 11. Oceanic pole of inaccessibility (Point Nemo) is located in the a. Indian Ocean b. Arctic Ocean c. Atlantic Ocean d. Pacific Ocean 12. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of an inert gas are a. eight b. six c. four d. two 13. Olympus mons is a mountain located on which planet? a. Venus b. Mars c. Jupiter d. Saturn 14. Which tournament is referred to as Roland Garros? a.
    [Show full text]
  • Cycad Aulacaspis Scale
    Invasive Insects: Risks and Pathways Project CYCAD AULACASPIS SCALE UPDATED: APRIL 2020 Invasive insects are a huge biosecurity challenge. We profile some of the most harmful insect invaders overseas to show why we must keep them out of Australia. Species Cycad aulacaspis scale / Aulacaspis yasumatsui. Also known as Asian cycad scale. Main impacts Decimates wild cycad populations, kills cultivated cycads. Native range Thailand. Invasive range China, Taiwan, Singapore, Indonesia, Guam, United States, Caribbean Islands, Mexico, France, Ivory Coast1,2. Detected in New Zealand in 2004, but eradicated.2 Main pathways of global spread As a contaminant of traded nursery material (cycads and cycad foliage).3 WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR The adult female cycad aulacaspis scale has a white cover (scale), 1.2–1.6 mm long, ENVIRONMENTAL variable in shape and sometimes translucent enough to see the orange insect with its IMPACTS OVERSEAS orange eggs beneath. The scale of the male is white and elongate, 0.5–0.6 mm long. Photo: Jeffrey W. Lotz, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, The cycad aulacaspis scale has decimated Bugwood.org | CC BY 3.0 cycads on Guam since it appeared there in 2003. The affected species, Cycas micronesica, was once the most common cause cycad extinctions around the world, Taiwan, 100,000 cycads were destroyed tree on Guam, but was listed by the IUCN 7 including in India10 and Indonesia11. The by an outbreak of the scale . It is difficult as endangered in 2006 following attacks continuous removal of plant sap by the to control in cultivation because of high by three insect pests, of which this scale scale depletes cycads of carbohydrates4,9.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Ferns Azolla Spp. (Azollaceae) As New Host Plants for the Small China-Mark Moth, Cataclysta Lemnata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae)
    ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.soceurlep.eu/ und www.zobodat.at Nota Lepi. 40(1) 2017: 1–13 | DOI 10.3897/nl.40.10062 Water ferns Azolla spp. (Azollaceae) as new host plants for the small China-mark moth, Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Acentropinae) Atousa Farahpour-Haghani1,2, Mahdi Hassanpour1, Faramarz Alinia2, Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani1, Jabraeil Razmjou1, David Agassiz3 1 University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Plant Protection, Ardabil, Iran 2 Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran 3 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, England http://zoobank.org/307196B8-BB55-492B-8ECC-1F518D9EC9E4 Received 1 August 2016; accepted 3 November 2016; published: 20 January 2017 Subject Editor: Bernard Landry. Abstract. Water ferns (Azolla spp., Azollaceae) are reported for the first time as host plants for the larvae of the small China-mark moth Cataclysta lemnata (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Acentropinae) in rice fields and waterways of northern Iran. Cataclysta lemnata is a semi-aquatic species that has been recorded to feed on Lemnaceae and a few other aquatic plants. However, it has not been reported before on Azolla spp. Larvae use water fern as food source and shelter and, at high population density in the laboratory, they completely wiped water fern from the water surface. Feeding was confirmed after rearing more than eight continual generations of C. lemnata on water fern in the laboratory. Adults obtained this way are darker and have darker fuscous markings in both sexes compared with specimens previously reported and the pattern remains unchanged after several generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Survival of the Cycad Aulacaspis Scale in Northern Florida During Sub-Freezing Weather
    furcata) (FDACS/DPI, 2002). These thrips are foliage feeders North American Plant Protection Organization’s Phytosanitary causing galling and leaf curl, which is cosmetic and has not Alert System been associated with plant decline. This feeding damage is http://www.pestalert.org only to new foliage and appears to be seasonal. This pest is be- coming established in urban areas causing concern to home- Literature Cited owners and commercial landscapers due to leaf damage. Control is difficult due to protection by leaf galls. Howev- Edwards, G. B. 2002. Pest Alert, Holopothrips sp., an Introduced Thrips Pest er, systemic insecticides are providing some control. No bio- of Trumpet Tree. March 2002. <http://doacs.state.fl.us/~pi/enpp/ ento/images/paholo-pothrips3.02.gif>. controls have been found. FDACS/DPI. 2002. TRI-OLOGY. Mar.-Apr. 2002. Fla. Dept. Agr. Cons. Serv./ Div. Plant Ind. Newsletter, vol. 41, no. 2. <http://doacs.state.fl.us/~pi/ Resources for New Insect Pest Information enpp/02-mar-apr.html>. Howard, F. W., A. Hamon, G. S. Hodges, C. M. Mannion, and J. Wofford. 2002. Lobate Lac Scale, Paratachardina lobata lobata (Chamberlin) (Hemip- The following are some web sites and list serves for addi- tera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Kerriidae). Univ. of Fla. Cir., EENY- tional information on new insects pests in Florida. 276. <http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IN471>. Hoy, M. A., A. Hamon, and R. Nguyen. 2003. Pink Hibiscus Mealybug, Ma- University of Florida Pest Alert conellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Insecta: Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). http://extlab7.entnem.ufl.edu/PestAlert/ Univ. of Fla. Cir., EENY-29. <http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/orn/mealybug/ mealybug.htm>.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplemental Wildlife Food Planting Manual for the Southeast • Contents
    Supplemental Wildlife Food Planting Manual for the Southeast • Contents Managing Plant Succession ................................ 4 Openings ............................................................. 6 Food Plot Size and Placement ............................ 6 Soil Quality and Fertilization .............................. 6 Preparing Food Plots .......................................... 7 Supplemental Forages ............................................................................................................................. 8 Planting Mixtures/Strip Plantings ......................................................................................................... 9 Legume Seed Inoculation ...................................................................................................................... 9 White-Tailed Deer ............................................................................................................................... 10 Eastern Wild Turkey ............................................................................................................................ 11 Northern Bobwhite .............................................................................................................................. 12 Mourning Dove ................................................................................................................................... 13 Waterfowl ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Assessment and Listing Priority Assignment Form
    U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SPECIES ASSESSMENT AND LISTING PRIORITY ASSIGNMENT FORM Scientific Name: Dalea carthagenensis floridana Common Name: Florida prairie-clover Lead region: Region 4 (Southeast Region) Information current as of: 03/26/2013 Status/Action ___ Funding provided for a proposed rule. Assessment not updated. ___ Species Assessment - determined species did not meet the definition of the endangered or threatened under the Act and, therefore, was not elevated to the Candidate status. ___ New Candidate _X_ Continuing Candidate ___ Candidate Removal ___ Taxon is more abundant or widespread than previously believed or not subject to the degree of threats sufficient to warrant issuance of a proposed listing or continuance of candidate status ___ Taxon not subject to the degree of threats sufficient to warrant issuance of a proposed listing or continuance of candidate status due, in part or totally, to conservation efforts that remove or reduce the threats to the species ___ Range is no longer a U.S. territory ___ Insufficient information exists on biological vulnerability and threats to support listing ___ Taxon mistakenly included in past notice of review ___ Taxon does not meet the definition of "species" ___ Taxon believed to be extinct ___ Conservation efforts have removed or reduced threats ___ More abundant than believed, diminished threats, or threats eliminated. Petition Information ___ Non-Petitioned _X_ Petitioned - Date petition received: 05/11/2004 90-Day Positive:05/11/2005 12 Month Positive:05/11/2005 Did the
    [Show full text]
  • Mexican Mosquito Fern (Azolla Mexicana)
    COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Mexican Mosquito-fern Azolla mexicana in Canada THREATENED 2008 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2008. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Mexican Mosquito-fern Azolla mexicana in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 35 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous reports: COSEWIC. 2000. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Mexican mosquito-fern Azolla mexicana in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 11 pp. Martin, M.E. 2000. Update COSEWIC status report on the Mexican mosquito-fern Azolla mexicana in Canada, in COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Mexican mosquito-fern Azolla mexicana in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-11 pp. Brunton, D.F. 1984. COSEWIC status report on the mosquito fern Azolla mexicana in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 36 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Brian Klinkenberg for writing the status report on the Mexican Mosquito-fern Azolla mexicana in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada, overseen and edited by Erich Haber, Co-chair, COSEWIC Vascular Plants Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur l’azolle du Mexique (Azolla mexicana) au Canada – Mise à jour.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants September 2008 Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L
    United States Department of Agriculture Wildland Fire in Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Ecosystems General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42- volume 6 Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants September 2008 Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L. 2008. Wildland fire in ecosystems: fire and nonnative invasive plants. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 6. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 355 p. Abstract—This state-of-knowledge review of information on relationships between wildland fire and nonnative invasive plants can assist fire managers and other land managers concerned with prevention, detection, and eradi- cation or control of nonnative invasive plants. The 16 chapters in this volume synthesize ecological and botanical principles regarding relationships between wildland fire and nonnative invasive plants, identify the nonnative invasive species currently of greatest concern in major bioregions of the United States, and describe emerging fire-invasive issues in each bioregion and throughout the nation. This volume can help increase understanding of plant invasions and fire and can be used in fire management and ecosystem-based management planning. The volume’s first part summarizes fundamental concepts regarding fire effects on invasions by nonnative plants, effects of plant invasions on fuels and fire regimes, and use of fire to control plant invasions. The second part identifies the nonnative invasive species of greatest concern and synthesizes information on the three topics covered in part one for nonnative inva- sives in seven major bioregions of the United States: Northeast, Southeast, Central, Interior West, Southwest Coastal, Northwest Coastal (including Alaska), and Hawaiian Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Report and Recommendations on Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Aulacaspis Yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)
    IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group – Subgroup on Invasive Pests Report and Recommendations on Cycad Aulacaspis Scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) 18 September 2005 Subgroup Members (Affiliated Institution & Location) • William Tang, Subgroup Leader (USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Miami, FL, USA) • Dr. John Donaldson, CSG Chair (South African National Biodiversity Institute & Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa) • Jody Haynes (Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL, USA)1 • Dr. Irene Terry (Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) Consultants • Dr. Anne Brooke (Guam National Wildlife Refuge, Dededo, Guam) • Michael Davenport (Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL, USA) • Dr. Thomas Marler (College of Natural & Applied Sciences - AES, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam) • Christine Wiese (Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL, USA) Introduction The IUCN/SSC Cycad Specialist Group – Subgroup on Invasive Pests was formed in June 2005 to address the emerging threat to wild cycad populations from the artificial spread of insect pests and pathogens of cycads. Recently, an aggressive pest on cycads, the cycad aulacaspis scale (CAS)— Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)—has spread through human activity and commerce to the point where two species of cycads face imminent extinction in the wild. Given its mission of cycad conservation, we believe the CSG should clearly focus its attention on mitigating the impact of CAS on wild cycad populations and cultivated cycad collections of conservation importance (e.g., Montgomery Botanical Center). The control of CAS in home gardens, commercial nurseries, and city landscapes is outside the scope of this report and is a topic covered in various online resources (see www.montgomerybotanical.org/Pages/CASlinks.htm).
    [Show full text]
  • In China: Phylogeny, Host Range, and Pathogenicity
    Persoonia 45, 2020: 101–131 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.04 Cryphonectriaceae on Myrtales in China: phylogeny, host range, and pathogenicity W. Wang1,2, G.Q. Li1, Q.L. Liu1, S.F. Chen1,2 Key words Abstract Plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem Eucalyptus and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with fungal pathogen typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches host jump of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of Myrtaceae DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer new taxa (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin (tub2/tub1) gene, plantation forestry and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus, Melastoma (Melastomataceae), Psidium (Myrtaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), and Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Myrtales. These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Celoporthe syzygii, Cel. eucalypti, Cel. guang­ dongensis, Cel. cerciana, a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum. These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Adaptation of Forages in Lao PDR
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD REGIONAL MEETING OF THE FSP Environmental adaptation of forages in Lao PDR Phonepaseuth Phengsavanh1 and Viengsavanh Phimphachanhvongsod2 In Lao PDR, livestock production is almost totally a smallholder farming practice and is a vital component of livelihood security. Animals generally graze on native forages (grasses, shrubs, legumes, and tree leaves) that are available in forests and grasslands. However, native grass is abundant only during the wet season. Dry season feed shortages are common, resulting in severe animal feeding problems for farmers throughout the country. There are currently few, if any, alternative feed sources. For many years, some Hmong farmers, who live on the fertile highland soils in Luang Phabang and Xieng Khouang, have fed grazing animals Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as a supplement. Some farmers in Xieng Khouang have recently started to use Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis) for the same purpose. However, in general, very few farmers in Lao PDR plant forages. This does not mean that there is no demand. The severity of feed resource limitations in some provinces (especially Luang Phabang and Xieng Khouang) is creating a huge interest in planted forages among farmers. To meet this demand, the Department of Livestock and Fisheries, in collaboration with the Forages for Smallholders Project, established forage nurseries at five different agro-ecological sites in four provinces to evaluate forage adaptation for subsequent on- farm testing at Namsuang (Vientiane municipality), Houakhoth and Houaphai (Luang Phabang), Ban Km 32 (Oudomxay), and Khinak (Champassak). Site descriptions The soil pH (1:5 water) at these sites varied from very acid to neutral (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Associations and Descriptions for American Memorial Park, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Saipan
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vegetation Inventory Project American Memorial Park Natural Resource Report NPS/PACN/NRR—2013/744 ON THE COVER Coastal shoreline at American Memorial Park Photograph by: David Benitez Vegetation Inventory Project American Memorial Park Natural Resource Report NPS/PACN/NRR—2013/744 Dan Cogan1, Gwen Kittel2, Meagan Selvig3, Alison Ainsworth4, David Benitez5 1Cogan Technology, Inc. 21 Valley Road Galena, IL 61036 2NatureServe 2108 55th Street, Suite 220 Boulder, CO 80301 3Hawaii-Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit (HPI-CESU) University of Hawaii at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 4National Park Service Pacific Island Network – Inventory and Monitoring PO Box 52 Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 5National Park Service Hawaii Volcanoes National Park – Resources Management PO Box 52 Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 December 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]