DOCSLIB.ORG

Field Instructions for The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Field Instructions for The FIELD INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INVENTORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS 2013 Hawaii Edition Forest Inventory and Analysis Program Pacific Northwest Research Station USDA Forest Service THIS MANUAL IS BASED ON: FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR PHASE 2 PLOTS VERSION 5.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSES OF THIS MANUAL ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THIS MANUAL .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 UNITS OF MEASURE ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.3 PLOT SETUP .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.4 PLOT INTEGRITY ....................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 RESEARCH TOPICS .................................................................................................................................................................... 5 2 TRAVEL PLANNING AND LOCATING THE PLOT .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 LANDOWNER CONTACT ............................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1.1 PERMISSION................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 RECORDING CONVERSATIONS WITH LANDOWNERS ....................................................................................... 6 2.1.3 DATA REQUESTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 BEFORE LEAVING BASE CAMP ................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 CHECKLIST OF ITEMS NEEDED ON PLOT ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.1 DATA RECORDING ITEMS .......................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 PHOTO INTERPRETATION ITEMS ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.3.3 PLOT MEASURING ITEMS ........................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.4 PLOT REFERENCING ITEMS ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.5 FIRST AID ITEMS ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.6 PERSONAL AND SAFETY GEAR ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.3.7 CAMPING GEAR WHEN APPLICABLE: ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 SAFETY .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.4.1 SAFETY IN THE WOODS ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.4.2 WHAT TO DO IF INJURED ......................................................................................................................................... 10 2.5 PLOT LOCATION AIDS ............................................................................................................................................. 11 2.6 PLOTS NOT PREVIOUSLY VISITED ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.7 LOCATING THE PLOT ON THE GROUND ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.7.1 LOCATING AN ESTABLISHED PLOT .................................................................................................................................... 11 2.7.1.1 NAVIGATING WITH PHOTOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................................... 12 2.7.1.2 NAVIGATING WITH GPS ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 2.7.1.3 NAVIGATING WITH REFERENCE POINT (RP) DATA ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.7.1.4 REVERSE REFERNCE POINT (RP) METHOD ................................................................................................................................. 13 2.7.2 ESTABLISHED PLOT ISSUES ............................................................................................................................................... 13 2.7.2.1 DIFFICULTY FINDING ESTABLISHED PLOTS ................................................................................................................................. 13 2.7.2.2 INCORRECTLY INSTALLED PLOT.................................................................................................................................................. 14 2.7.2.3 INCORRECLY INSTALLED SUBPLOT OR MICROPLOT ................................................................................................................... 14 2.7.2.4 PC STAKE OR SUBPLOT/MICROPLOT PIN MISSING OR MOVED ................................................................................................. 14 2.7.2.5 LOST SUBPLOT ........................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.7.2.6 LOST PLOT (REPLACEMENT PLOT) ............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.7.3 LOCATING NEW PLOTS ............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.8 PLOTS WITH ACTIVE LOGGING ................................................................................................................................ 16 2.9 DENIED ACCESS PLOTS .......................................................................................................................................... 16 2.10 PLOT LOCATION TOLERANCE .................................................................................................................................. 16 3 PLOT LAYOUT AND REFERENCING .......................................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 PLOT LAYOUT AT THE CURRENT ANNUAL INVENTORY ............................................................................................... 17 3.2 NONCENSUS WATER, CENSUS WATER, NONSAMPLED .............................................................................................. 18 3.3 RECOGNITION OF CONDITION CLASSES .................................................................................................................... 18 3.4 SUBPLOT NUMBERING ............................................................................................................................................ 18 3.5 REFERENCING THE PLOT ........................................................................................................................................ 18 i 3.5.1 REFERENCING PLOTS NOT VISITED PREVIOUSLY ......................................................................................... 18 3.5.2 THE REFERENCE POINT (RP) ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.5.3 REFERENCING THE CENTER PIN ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.6 REFERENCING THE OTHER SUBPLOTS ON THE STANDARD LAYOUT ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Proposed Endangered Status for 23 Plants From
    55862 Federal Register I Vol. 56. No. 210 I Wednesday, October 30, 1991 / Proposed Rules rhylidosperma (no common name (NCN)), Die//ia laciniata (NCN), - Exocarpos luteolus (heau),~Hedyotis cookiana (‘awiwi), Hibiscus clay-i (Clay’s hibiscus), Lipochaeta fauriei (nehe), Lipochaeta rnicrantha (nehe), Lipochaeta wairneaensis (nehe), Lysimachia filifolla (NCN), Melicope haupuensis (alani), Melicope knudsenii (alani), Melicope pal/ida (alani), Melicope quadrangularis (alani) Munroidendron racemosum (NCN). Nothocestrum peltatum (‘aiea), Peucedanurn sandwicense (makou). Phyllostegia wairneae (NCN), Pteraiyxia kauaiensis (kaulu), Schiedea spergulina (NCN), and Solanurn sandwicense (popolo’aiakeakua). All but seven of the species are or were endemic to the island of Kauai, Hawaiian Islands; the exceptions are or were found on the islands of Niihau, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and/or Hawaii as well as Kauai. The 23 plant species and their habitats have been variously affected or are currently threatened by 1 or more of the following: Habitat degradation by wild, feral, or domestic animals (goats, pigs, mule deer, cattle, and red jungle fowl); competition for space, light, water, and nutrients by naturalized, introduced vegetation; erosion of substrate produced by weathering or human- or animal-caused disturbance; recreational and agricultural activities; habitat loss from fires; and predation by animals (goats and rats). Due to the small number of existing individuals and their very narrow distributions, these species and most of their populations are subject to an increased likelihood of extinction and/or reduced reproductive vigor from stochastic events. This proposal. if made final, would implement the Federal protection and DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR recovery provisions provided by the Fish and Wildlife Service Act.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidence and Evaluation of a New Rust Disease on Myrtaceae in Hawaii
    Incidence and Evaluation of a New Rust Disease on Myrtaceae in Hawaii: Puccinia psidii Winter, Guava Rust Anne Marie LaRosa1 and Rob Hauff2 1USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry 2Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife Background Related Surveys and Research Figure 1. Ohia seedling with pustules. Figure 2. Rose apple dieback caused by P. psidii. Distribution: The rust disease, Puccinia psidii Winter, or guava rust, was originally Complimenting the forest survey, the Hawaii Agricultural Research Center is carrying described in 1884 from infections on guava in Brazil. Until 2005 this pathogen was out a nursery survey for P. psidii. Nurseries on all of the main islands that provide unknown outside the Neotropics and the state of Florida. It was first detected in seedlings to forestry and conservation are being targeted. Data such as host species, Hawaii in the spring of 2005 on ohia-lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud) and disease severity, and host species growing in adjacent natural areas are being has since spread from Oahu to all major Hawaiian Islands (Killgore and Heu, 2005). collected. Host Range: Puccinia psidii has an unusually broad host range for a rust. Other related work on P. psidii includes molecular work conducted by the University of Worldwide, the host range currently includes 21 genera and 72 species of Hawaii. Dr. Zhong is analyzing genetic material to characterize the disease in Hawaii Myrtaceae, including such common tropical species as Eucalyptus and guava and comparing it to DNA samples from Brazil and Florida. Disease material from the (Simpson and others, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Urera Kaalae
    Plants Opuhe Urera kaalae SPECIES STATUS: Federally Listed as Endangered Genetic Safety Net Species J.K.Obata©Smithsonian Inst., 2005 IUCN Red List Ranking – Critically Endangered (CR D) Hawai‘i Natural Heritage Ranking ‐ Critically Imperiled (G1) Endemism – O‘ahu Critical Habitat ‐ Designated SPECIES INFORMATION: Urera kaalae, a long‐lived perennial member of the nettle family (Urticaceae), is a small tree or shrub 3 to 7 m (10 to 23 ft) tall. This species can be distinguished from the other Hawaiian species of the genus by its heart‐shaped leaves. DISTRIBUTION: Found in the central to southern parts of the Wai‘anae Mountains on O‘ahu. ABUNDANCE: The nine remaining subpopulations comprise approximately 40 plants. LOCATION AND CONDITION OF KEY HABITAT: Urera kaalae typically grows on slopes and in gulches in diverse mesic forest at elevations of 439 to 1,074 m (1,440 to 3,523 ft). The last 12 known occurrences are found on both state and privately owned land. Associated native species include Alyxia oliviformis, Antidesma platyphyllum, Asplenium kaulfusii, Athyrium sp., Canavalia sp., Charpentiera sp., Chamaesyce sp., Claoxylon sandwicense, Diospyros hillebrandii, Doryopteris sp., Freycinetia arborea, Hedyotis acuminata, Hibiscus sp., Nestegis sandwicensis, Pipturus albidus, Pleomele sp., Pouteria sandwicensis, Psychotria sp., Senna gaudichaudii (kolomona), Streblus pendulinus, Urera glabra, and Xylosma hawaiiense. THREATS: Habitat degradation by feral pigs; Competition from alien plant species; Stochastic extinction; Reduced reproductive vigor due to the small number of remaining individuals. CONSERVATION ACTIONS: The goals of conservation actions are not only to protect current populations, but also to establish new populations to reduce the risk of extinction.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service
    Thursday, February 27, 2003 Part II Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Designation or Nondesignation of Critical Habitat for 95 Plant Species From the Islands of Kauai and Niihau, HI; Final Rule VerDate Jan<31>2003 13:12 Feb 26, 2003 Jkt 200001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\27FER2.SGM 27FER2 9116 Federal Register / Vol. 68, No. 39 / Thursday, February 27, 2003 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR units designated for the 83 species. This FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul critical habitat designation requires the Henson, Field Supervisor, Pacific Fish and Wildlife Service Service to consult under section 7 of the Islands Office at the above address Act with regard to actions carried out, (telephone 808/541–3441; facsimile 50 CFR Part 17 funded, or authorized by a Federal 808/541–3470). agency. Section 4 of the Act requires us SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: RIN 1018–AG71 to consider economic and other relevant impacts when specifying any particular Background Endangered and Threatened Wildlife area as critical habitat. This rule also and Plants; Final Designation or In the Lists of Endangered and determines that designating critical Nondesignation of Critical Habitat for Threatened Plants (50 CFR 17.12), there habitat would not be prudent for seven 95 Plant Species From the Islands of are 95 plant species that, at the time of species. We solicited data and Kauai and Niihau, HI listing, were reported from the islands comments from the public on all aspects of Kauai and/or Niihau (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • In China: Phylogeny, Host Range, and Pathogenicity
    Persoonia 45, 2020: 101–131 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2020.45.04 Cryphonectriaceae on Myrtales in China: phylogeny, host range, and pathogenicity W. Wang1,2, G.Q. Li1, Q.L. Liu1, S.F. Chen1,2 Key words Abstract Plantation-grown Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and other trees residing in the Myrtales have been widely planted in southern China. These fungal pathogens include species of Cryphonectriaceae that are well-known to cause stem Eucalyptus and branch canker disease on Myrtales trees. During recent disease surveys in southern China, sporocarps with fungal pathogen typical characteristics of Cryphonectriaceae were observed on the surfaces of cankers on the stems and branches host jump of Myrtales trees. In this study, a total of 164 Cryphonectriaceae isolates were identified based on comparisons of Myrtaceae DNA sequences of the partial conserved nuclear large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA, internal transcribed spacer new taxa (ITS) regions including the 5.8S gene of the ribosomal DNA operon, two regions of the β-tubulin (tub2/tub1) gene, plantation forestry and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene region, as well as their morphological characteristics. The results showed that eight species reside in four genera of Cryphonectriaceae occurring on the genera Eucalyptus, Melastoma (Melastomataceae), Psidium (Myrtaceae), Syzygium (Myrtaceae), and Terminalia (Combretaceae) in Myrtales. These fungal species include Chrysoporthe deuterocubensis, Celoporthe syzygii, Cel. eucalypti, Cel. guang­ dongensis, Cel. cerciana, a new genus and two new species, as well as one new species of Aurifilum. These new taxa are hereby described as Parvosmorbus gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Dillenia Suffruticosa
    Invasive KISC Feasibility Combined Kauai Status HPWRA Impacts Status Score Score Score Dillenia EARLY HIGH RISK CULTIVATED suffruticosa DETECTION (11) 7 6 13 (shrubby simpoh) Initial Prioritization Assessment completed: December 2017 Report updated as of: N/A Current Recommendation for KISC: Pending scoring rank and committee review Knowledge Gaps and Contingencies: 1) Delimiting surveys surrounding known locations are required to gain knowledge of whether additional trees have established from cultivated sites. 2) Landowner cooperation is necessary to remove cultivated trees 3) Outreach effort is necessary to increase chances that individuals at private residences are reported. 4) An assessment of how costly/necessary it is to hire a certified arborist and equipment to haul away debris. 5) An invasive plant prevention plan designed to encourage collaboration between Botanical Gardens and local conservation agencies should be considered. Background Dillenia suffruticosa (Dilleniaceae), or “shrubby simpoh”, is a large shrub or small tree occasionally cultivated as an edible and medicinal plant or as an ornamental (Staples and Herbst 2005, HPWRA 2015). D. suffruticosa gained a KISC status of “Early Detection” in 2011, when it was detected during surveys for another KISC target in Wailua Homesteads. Plants were removed shortly afterwards based on expert opinion of its invasiveness on Oahu and the belief that it was not known elsewhere on Kauai. However, additional locations have been detected during 2015-2017 surveys. Thus, the purpose of this prioritization assessment report is to reevaluate whether KISC should attempt eradication (i.e. accept “Target” status) by scoring and comparing D. suffruticosa to other “Early Detection” species known to Kauai (See Table 5 in KISC Plant Early Detection Report for status terminology).
    [Show full text]
  • A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants
    Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDscape-bASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMatE CHANGE VULNEraBILITY FOR ALL NatIVE HAWAIIAN PLANts Lucas Fortini1,2, Jonathan Price3, James Jacobi2, Adam Vorsino4, Jeff Burgett1,4, Kevin Brinck5, Fred Amidon4, Steve Miller4, Sam `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon III6, Gregory Koob7, and Eben Paxton2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service —Ecological Services, Division of Climate Change and Strategic Habitat Management, Honolulu, HI 96850 5 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 6 The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i Chapter, Honolulu, HI 96817 7 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hawaii/Pacific Islands Area State Office, Honolulu, HI 96850 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 November 2013 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAG09AC00070 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDSCAPE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY FOR ALL NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS LUCAS FORTINI1,2, JONATHAN PRICE3, JAMES JACOBI2, ADAM VORSINO4, JEFF BURGETT1,4, KEVIN BRINCK5, FRED AMIDON4, STEVE MILLER4, SAM ʽOHUKANIʽOHIʽA GON III 6, GREGORY KOOB7, AND EBEN PAXTON2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaiʽi National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawaiʽi at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.
    [Show full text]
  • HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY the HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY Volume 15 • No
    THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION P.O. Box 166 Medina, WA 98039-0166 Web site: www.hardyfems.org The Hardy Fern Foundation was founded in 1989 to establish a comprehen¬ sive collection of the world’s hardy ferns for display, testing, evaluation, public education and introduction to the gardening and horticultural community. Many rare and unusual species, hybrids and varieties are being propagated from spores and tested in selected environments for their different degrees of hardiness and ornamental garden value. The primary fern display and test garden is located at, and in conjunction with, The Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden at the Weyerhaeuser Corpo¬ rate Headquarters, in Federal Way, Washington. Satellite fern gardens are at the Stephen Austin Arboretum, Nacogdoches, Texas, Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Birmingham, Alabama, California State University at Sacramento, Sacramento, California, Coastal Maine Botanical Garden, Boothbay, Maine, Dallas Arboretum, Dallas, Texas, Denver Botanic Gardens. Denver, Colorado, Georgeson Botanical Garden, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, Harry P. Leu Garden, Orlando, Florida, Inniswood Metro Gardens, Columbus, Ohio, Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, Richmond, Virginia, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, and Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco, California. The fern display gardens are at Bainbridge Island Library, Bainbridge Island, WA, Lakewold, Tacoma, Washington, Les Jardins de Metis, Quebec, Canada, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, and Whitehall Historic Home and Garden, Louisville, KY. Hardy Fern Foundation members participate in a spore exchange, receive a quarterly newsletter and have first access to ferns as they are ready for distribution. Cover Design by Willanna Bradner HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY Volume 15 • No.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species
    100 OF THE WORLD’S WORST INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES A SELECTION FROM THE GLOBAL INVASIVE SPECIES DATABASE Published by Contribution to the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) In Association with SPECIES SURVIVAL COMMISSION Citation Lowe S., Browne M., Boudjelas S., De Poorter M. (2000) 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Species A selection from the Global Invasive Species Database. Published by The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 12pp. First published as special lift-out in Aliens 12, December 2000. Updated and reprinted version: November 2004. Electronic version available at: www.issg.org/booklet.pdf For information, or copies of the booklet in English, French or Spanish, please contact: ISSG Office: School of Geogra- phy and Environmental Sciences (SGES) University of Auckland (Tamaki Campus) Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand Phone: #64 9 3737 599 x85210 Fax: #64 9 3737 042 E-mail: [email protected] Development of the 100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Alien Spe- cies list has been made possible by Cover image: Brown tree snake the support of the Fondation (Boiga irregularis). d’Entreprise TOTAL (1998 - 2000). Photo: Gordon Rodda Printed in New Zealand by: Hollands Printing Ltd Contact: Otto van Gulik Email: [email protected] 2 Biological Invasion What happens when a species is in- The list of “100 of the World’s precedented rate. A number of the troduced into an ecosystem where Worst Invasive Alien Species” in invasive alien species featured in it doesn’t occur naturally? Are eco- this booklet illustrates the incred- this booklet are contributing to systems flexible and able to cope ible variety of species that have the these losses.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Woody Invader Dillenia Suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli on Physio- Chemical Properties of Soil And, Below and Above Ground Flora
    Wickramathilake et al., /Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment Vol. 3, No. 02 (2013) 66-75 Impacts of Woody Invader Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff.) Martelli on Physio- chemical Properties of Soil and, Below and Above Ground Flora 1* 2 3 B.A.K. Wickramathilake , T.K. Weerasinghe and S.M.W. Ranwala 1 Department of Zoology, Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda 2 Department of Botany, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda 3 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 Date Received: 20-04-2013 Date Accepted: 29-10-2013 Abstract Dillenia suffruticosa (Griffith) Martelli, that spreads fast in low-lying areas in wet zone of Sri Lanka is currently listed as a nationally important Invasive Alien Species that deserves attention in ecological studies. Thus, impact of this woody invader on physical, chemical properties of soil and below and above ground flora was investigated. Five sampling sites were identified along a distance of 46km from Avissawella to Ratnapura. At each site, two adjacent plots [1m x10m each for D. suffruticosa present (D+) and absent (D-)] were outlined. Physical and chemical soil parameters, microbial biomass and number of bacterial colonies in soil were determined using standard procedures and compared between D+ and D- by ANOVA using SPSS. Rate of decomposition of D. suffruticosa leaves was also determined using the litter bag technique at 35% and 50% moisture levels. Above ground plant species richness in sample stands was compared using Jaccard and Sorenson diversity indices. Decomposition of D. suffruticosa leaves was slow, but occurred at a more or less similar rate irrespective of moisture content of soil.
    [Show full text]
  • United States of America
    anran Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT COUNTRY REPORTS NITED TATES OF MERICA U S A FRA2005/040 Rome, 2005 FRA 2005 – Country Report 040 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA The Forest Resources Assessment Programme Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and up- to-date information on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological diversity and forests’ contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world’s forests and their management and uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 (FRA 2005), which is the most comprehensive assessment to date. More than 800 people have been involved, including 172 national correspondents and their colleagues, an Advisory Group, international experts, FAO staff, consultants and volunteers. Information has been collated from 229 countries and territories for three points in time: 1990, 2000 and 2005. The reporting framework for FRA 2005 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes more than 40 variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLOGY and HOST SPECIFICITY of Tectococcus
    BIOLOGY AND HOST SPECIFICITY OF Tectococcus ovatus (HEMIPTERA: ERIOCOCCIDAE), A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF THE INVASIVE STRAWBERRY GUAVA, Psidium cattleianum (MYRTACEAE), IN FLORIDA By FRANCIS JAMES WESSELS IV A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Frank J. Wessels This document is dedicated to my parents, for their support and generosity throughout my educational career. Without them, this work would not have been possible. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my major professor Dr. James P. Cuda for his invaluable guidance and help throughout my degree program. I also thank my other committee members, Dr. Kenneth A. Langeland and Dr. William A. Overholt, for their comments and suggestions on my research and this manuscript. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]