DOCSLIB.ORG

Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Thursday, February 27, 2003 Part II Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Designation or Nondesignation of Critical Habitat for 95 Plant Species From the Islands of Kauai and Niihau, HI; Final Rule VerDate Jan<31>2003 13:12 Feb 26, 2003 Jkt 200001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\27FER2.SGM 27FER2 9116 Federal Register / Vol. 68, No. 39 / Thursday, February 27, 2003 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR units designated for the 83 species. This FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul critical habitat designation requires the Henson, Field Supervisor, Pacific Fish and Wildlife Service Service to consult under section 7 of the Islands Office at the above address Act with regard to actions carried out, (telephone 808/541–3441; facsimile 50 CFR Part 17 funded, or authorized by a Federal 808/541–3470). agency. Section 4 of the Act requires us SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: RIN 1018–AG71 to consider economic and other relevant impacts when specifying any particular Background Endangered and Threatened Wildlife area as critical habitat. This rule also and Plants; Final Designation or In the Lists of Endangered and determines that designating critical Nondesignation of Critical Habitat for Threatened Plants (50 CFR 17.12), there habitat would not be prudent for seven 95 Plant Species From the Islands of are 95 plant species that, at the time of species. We solicited data and Kauai and Niihau, HI listing, were reported from the islands comments from the public on all aspects of Kauai and/or Niihau (Table 1). Fifty- AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, of the proposed rule, including data on seven of these species are endemic to Interior. economic and other impacts of the the islands of Kauai and Niihau, while ACTION: Final rule. designation. 38 species are reported from one or more other islands, as well as Kauai DATES: This rule becomes effective on SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and and/or Niihau. Each of these species is March 31, 2003. Wildlife Service (Service), designate described in more detail below in the critical habitat pursuant to the ADDRESSES: Comments and materials section, ‘‘Discussion of Plant Taxa.’’ Endangered Species Act of 1973, as received, as well as supporting Although we considered designating amended (Act), for 83 of the 95 species documentation, used in the preparation critical habitat on Kauai for each of the known historically from the Hawaiian of this final rule will be available for 95 plant species, for the reasons islands of Kauai and Niihau. A total of public inspection, by appointment, described below, the final designation approximately 21,266 hectares (ha) during normal business hours at U.S. includes critical habitat for 83 of 95 (52,549 acres (ac)) of land on the island Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific plant species. Species that also occur on of Kauai and 144 ha (357 ac) of land on Islands Office, 300 Ala Moana Blvd., other islands may have critical habitat the island of Niihau fall within the Room 3–122, P.O. Box 50088, Honolulu, designated on other islands in boundaries of the 217 critical habitat HI 96850–0001. subsequent rulemakings. TABLE 1.—SUMMARY OF ISLAND DISTRIBUTION OF 95 SPECIES FROM KAUAI AND NIIHAU Island distribution Species N.W. Isles, Kauai Oahu Molokai Lanai Maui Hawaii Kahoolawe, Niihau Acaena exigua (liliwai) .................................................. H H Achyranthes mutica (NCN*) ......................................... H C Adenophorus periens (pendent kihi fern) ..................... CHCRRC Alectryon macrococcus (mahoe) .................................. C C C C Alsinidendron lychnoides (kuawawaenohu) ................. C Alsinidendron viscosum (NCN) ..................................... C Bonamia menziesii (NCN) ............................................ CCHCCC Brighamia insignis (olulu) ............................................. C Ni (C) Centaurium sebaeoides (awiwi) ................................... CCCCC Chamaesyce halemanui (NCN) .................................... C Ctenitis squamigera (pauoa) ........................................ HCCCCH Cyanea asarifolia (haha) .............................................. C Cyanea recta (haha) ..................................................... C Cyanea remyi (haha) .................................................... C Cyanea undulata (NCN) ............................................... C Cyperus trachysanthos (puukaa) .................................. CCHH Ni (C) Cyrtandra cyaneoides (mapele) ................................... C Cyrtandra limahuliensis (haiwale) ................................. C Delissea rhytidosperma (NCN) ..................................... C Delissea rivularis (oha) ................................................. C Delissea undulatra (NCN) ............................................. C H C Ni (H) Diellia erecta (NCN) ...................................................... CCCHCC Diellia pallida (NCN) ..................................................... C Diplazium molokaiense (NCN) ..................................... HHHHC Dubautia latifolia (koholapehu) ..................................... C Dubautia pauciflorula (naenae) .................................... C Euphorbia haeleeleana (akoko) .................................... C C Exocarpos luteolus (heau) ............................................ C Flueggea neowawraea (mehamehame) ....................... C C H C C Gouania meyenii (NCN) ............................................... C C Hedyotis cookiana (awiwi) ............................................ C H H H Hedyotis st.-johnii (Na Pali beach hedyotis) ................ C Hesperomannia lydgatei (NCN) .................................... C Hibiscadelphus woodii (hau kuahiwi) ........................... C Hibiscus brackenridgei (mao hau hele) ........................ HCHCCCKa (R) VerDate Jan<31>2003 13:12 Feb 26, 2003 Jkt 200001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\27FER2.SGM 27FER2 Federal Register / Vol. 68, No. 39 / Thursday, February 27, 2003 / Rules and Regulations 9117 TABLE 1.—SUMMARY OF ISLAND DISTRIBUTION OF 95 SPECIES FROM KAUAI AND NIIHAU—Continued Island distribution Species N.W. Isles, Kauai Oahu Molokai Lanai Maui Hawaii Kahoolawe, Niihau Hibiscus clayi (Clay’s hibiscus) .................................... C Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae (kokio keokeo) ........ C Ischaemum byrone (Hilo ischaemum) .......................... C H C C C Isodendrion laurifolium (aupaka) .................................. C C Isodendrion longifolium (aupaka) ................................. C C Isodendrion pyrifolium (wahine noho kula) ................... HHHHCNi (H) Kokia kauaiensis (kokio) ............................................... C Labordia lydgatei (kamakahala) ................................... C Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis (kamakahala) ...... C Lipochaeta fauriei (nehe) .............................................. C Lipochaeta micrantha (nehe) ........................................ C Lipochaeta waimeaensis (nehe) ................................... C Lobelia niihauensis ....................................................... C C Ni (H) Lysimachia filifolia (NCN) ............................................. C C Mariscus pennatiformis (NCN) ..................................... H H C H NW (C) Melicope haupuensis (alani) ......................................... C Melicope knudsenii (alani) ............................................ C C Melicope pallida (alani) ................................................. C C Melicope quadrangularis (alani) ................................... H Munroidendron racemosum (NCN) .............................. C Myrsine linearifolia (kolea) ............................................ C Nothocestrum peltatum (aiea) ...................................... C Panicum niihauense (lau ehu) ...................................... C Ni (H) Peucedanum sandwicense (makou) ............................ C C C C Phlegmariurus mannii (wawaeiole) ............................... H C C Phlegmariurus nutans (wawaeiole) .............................. H C Phyllostegia knudsenii (NCN) ....................................... C Phyllostegia waimeae (NCN) ........................................ C Phyllostegia wawrana (NCN) ........................................ C Plantago princeps (laukahi kuaj) .................................. C C C C H Platanthera holochila (NCN) ......................................... C H C C Poa mannii (Mann’s bluegrass) .................................... C Poa sandvicensis (Hawaiian bluegrass) ....................... C Poa siphonoglossa (NCN) ............................................ C Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii (wahane) ........................ Ni (C) Pritchardia napaliensis (loulu) ...................................... C Pritchardia viscosa loulu ............................................... C Pteralyxia kauaiensis (kaulu) ........................................ C Remya kauaiensis (NCN) ............................................. C Remya montgomeryi (NCN) ......................................... C Schiedea apokremnos (maolioli) .................................. C Schiedea helleri (NCN) ................................................. C Schiedea kauaiensis (NCN) ......................................... C Schiedea membranacea (NCN) ................................... C Schiedea nuttallii (NCN) ............................................... C C C R Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Proposed Endangered Status for 23 Plants From
    55862 Federal Register I Vol. 56. No. 210 I Wednesday, October 30, 1991 / Proposed Rules rhylidosperma (no common name (NCN)), Die//ia laciniata (NCN), - Exocarpos luteolus (heau),~Hedyotis cookiana (‘awiwi), Hibiscus clay-i (Clay’s hibiscus), Lipochaeta fauriei (nehe), Lipochaeta rnicrantha (nehe), Lipochaeta wairneaensis (nehe), Lysimachia filifolla (NCN), Melicope haupuensis (alani), Melicope knudsenii (alani), Melicope pal/ida (alani), Melicope quadrangularis (alani) Munroidendron racemosum (NCN). Nothocestrum peltatum (‘aiea), Peucedanurn sandwicense (makou). Phyllostegia wairneae (NCN), Pteraiyxia kauaiensis (kaulu), Schiedea spergulina (NCN), and Solanurn sandwicense (popolo’aiakeakua). All but seven of the species are or were endemic to the island of Kauai, Hawaiian Islands; the exceptions are or were found on the islands of Niihau, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and/or Hawaii as well as Kauai. The 23 plant species and their habitats have been variously affected or are currently threatened by 1 or more of the following: Habitat degradation by wild, feral, or domestic animals (goats, pigs, mule deer, cattle, and red jungle fowl); competition for space, light, water, and nutrients by naturalized, introduced vegetation; erosion of substrate produced by weathering or human- or animal-caused disturbance; recreational and agricultural activities; habitat loss from fires; and predation by animals (goats and rats). Due to the small number of existing individuals and their very narrow distributions, these species and most of their populations are subject to an increased likelihood of extinction and/or reduced reproductive vigor from stochastic events. This proposal. if made final, would implement the Federal protection and DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR recovery provisions provided by the Fish and Wildlife Service Act.
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Urera Kaalae
    Plants Opuhe Urera kaalae SPECIES STATUS: Federally Listed as Endangered Genetic Safety Net Species J.K.Obata©Smithsonian Inst., 2005 IUCN Red List Ranking – Critically Endangered (CR D) Hawai‘i Natural Heritage Ranking ‐ Critically Imperiled (G1) Endemism – O‘ahu Critical Habitat ‐ Designated SPECIES INFORMATION: Urera kaalae, a long‐lived perennial member of the nettle family (Urticaceae), is a small tree or shrub 3 to 7 m (10 to 23 ft) tall. This species can be distinguished from the other Hawaiian species of the genus by its heart‐shaped leaves. DISTRIBUTION: Found in the central to southern parts of the Wai‘anae Mountains on O‘ahu. ABUNDANCE: The nine remaining subpopulations comprise approximately 40 plants. LOCATION AND CONDITION OF KEY HABITAT: Urera kaalae typically grows on slopes and in gulches in diverse mesic forest at elevations of 439 to 1,074 m (1,440 to 3,523 ft). The last 12 known occurrences are found on both state and privately owned land. Associated native species include Alyxia oliviformis, Antidesma platyphyllum, Asplenium kaulfusii, Athyrium sp., Canavalia sp., Charpentiera sp., Chamaesyce sp., Claoxylon sandwicense, Diospyros hillebrandii, Doryopteris sp., Freycinetia arborea, Hedyotis acuminata, Hibiscus sp., Nestegis sandwicensis, Pipturus albidus, Pleomele sp., Pouteria sandwicensis, Psychotria sp., Senna gaudichaudii (kolomona), Streblus pendulinus, Urera glabra, and Xylosma hawaiiense. THREATS: Habitat degradation by feral pigs; Competition from alien plant species; Stochastic extinction; Reduced reproductive vigor due to the small number of remaining individuals. CONSERVATION ACTIONS: The goals of conservation actions are not only to protect current populations, but also to establish new populations to reduce the risk of extinction.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for Tyoj5llllt . I-Bland Plants
    Recovery Plan for tYOJ5llllt. i-bland Plants RECOVERY PLAN FOR MULTI-ISLAND PLANTS Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Portland, Oregon Approved: Date: / / As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most ofour nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values ofour national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests ofall our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island Territories under U.S. administration. DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance ofrecovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Costs indicated for task implementation and/or time for achievement ofrecovery are only estimates and are subject to change. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval ofany individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, otherthan the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position ofthe U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Keauhou Bird Conservation Center
    KEAUHOU BIRD CONSERVATION CENTER Discovery Forest Restoration Project PO Box 2037 Kamuela, HI 96743 Tel +1 808 776 9900 Fax +1 808 776 9901 Responsible Forester: Nicholas Koch [email protected] +1 808 319 2372 (direct) Table of Contents 1. CLIENT AND PROPERTY INFORMATION .................................................................... 4 1.1. Client ................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2. Consultant ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Executive Summary .................................................................................................. 5 3. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 6 3.1. Site description ............................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1. Parcel and location .................................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2. Site History ................................................................................................................................ 6 3.2. Plant ecosystems ............................................................................................................................ 6 3.2.1. Hydrology ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants
    Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDscape-bASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMatE CHANGE VULNEraBILITY FOR ALL NatIVE HAWAIIAN PLANts Lucas Fortini1,2, Jonathan Price3, James Jacobi2, Adam Vorsino4, Jeff Burgett1,4, Kevin Brinck5, Fred Amidon4, Steve Miller4, Sam `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon III6, Gregory Koob7, and Eben Paxton2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service —Ecological Services, Division of Climate Change and Strategic Habitat Management, Honolulu, HI 96850 5 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 6 The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i Chapter, Honolulu, HI 96817 7 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hawaii/Pacific Islands Area State Office, Honolulu, HI 96850 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 November 2013 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAG09AC00070 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDSCAPE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY FOR ALL NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS LUCAS FORTINI1,2, JONATHAN PRICE3, JAMES JACOBI2, ADAM VORSINO4, JEFF BURGETT1,4, KEVIN BRINCK5, FRED AMIDON4, STEVE MILLER4, SAM ʽOHUKANIʽOHIʽA GON III 6, GREGORY KOOB7, AND EBEN PAXTON2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaiʽi National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawaiʽi at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.
    [Show full text]
  • List 01 Hawaiian Names 01 Plants
    V\.{). 3 v BOTANICAL BULLETIN NO.2 JUNE. 1913 TERRITORY OF HAWAII BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY List 01 Hawaiian Names 01 Plants BY JOSEPH F. ROCK Consulting Botanist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry HONOLULU: HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD. 1913 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HAWAIIAN NAMES OF PLANTS. The following list of Hawaiian plant-names has been compiled from various sources. Hillebrand in his valuable Flora of the Hawaiian Islands has given many Hawaiian names, especially of the more common species; these are incorporated in this list with a few corrections. Nearly all Hawaiian plant-names found in this list and not in Hillebrand's Flora were secured from Mr. Francis Gay of the Island of Kauai, an old resident in this Terri­ tory and well acquainted with its plants from a layman's stand­ point. It was the writer's privilege to camp with Mr. Gay in the mountains of Kauai collecting botanical material; for almost every species he could give the native name, which he had se­ cured in the early days from old and reliable natives. Mr. Gay had made spatter prints of many of the native plants in a large record book with their names and uses, as well as their symbolic meaning when occurring in mele (songs) or olioli (chants), at­ tached to them. For all this information the writer is indebted mainly to Mr. Francis Gay and also to Mr. Augustus F. Knudsen of the same Island. The writer also secured Hawaiian names from old na­ tives and Kahunas (priests) in the various islands of the group.
    [Show full text]
  • US EPA-Pesticides; Dodine
    UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D.C., 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDESDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES PC Code: 044301 DP Barcode: D338148 Date: January 22, 2008 MEMORANDUM SUBJECT: Ecological Risk Assessment for the Dodine Section 3 New Use on Peanuts and Bananas TO: Robert Westin, Product Manager Mary Waller, Team Leader Registration Division (7505P) FROM: Christopher J. Salice, P.h.D, Biologist Marietta Echeverria, Envronmental Scientist Environmental Risk Branch IV Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) REVIEWED BY: Thomas Steeger, Ph.D., Senior Biologist R. David Jones, Ph.D., Senior Agronomist Environmental Risk Branch IV Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) APPROVED BY: Elizabeth Behl, Branch Chief Environmental Risk Branch IV Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has reviewed the proposed label for the use of dodine (n-dodecylguanidine monoacetate; CAS 2439-10-3) and its end-use product SYLLIT® FL (39.6% dodine) fungicide on peanuts and bananas. The results of this screening-level risk assessment indicate that the proposed new uses of dodine on peanuts and bananas have the potential for direct adverse effects on listed and non-listed freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates, listed and non-listed vascular and non-vascular plants, and listed and non-listed birds and mammals. Major data gaps are listed below. Without these data potential risk to the associated taxa can not be precluded: • Aquatic vascular plant toxicity data (850.4400) There is uncertainty regarding the potential chronic effects of dodine to saltwater invertebrates and fish since there are no toxicity data. Using acute-to-chronic ratios (ACR) from freshwater species to calculate chronic endpoints for the saltwater species, however, suggests that risks may be low.
    [Show full text]
  • Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular Plants
    Flora of Australia Glossary — Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular plants A main glossary for the Flora of Australia was published in Volume 1 of both printed editions (1981 and 1999). Other volumes contain supplementary glossaries, with specific terms needed for particular families. This electronic glossary is a synthesis of all hard-copy Flora of Australia glossaries and supplementary glossaries published to date. The first Flora of Australia glossary was compiled by Alison McCusker. Mary D. Tindale compiled most of the fern definitions, and the conifer definitions were provided by Ken D. Hill. Russell L. Barrett combined all of these to create the glossary presented here, incorporating additional terms from the printed version of Volume 37. This electronic glossary contains terms used in all volumes, but with particular reference to the flowering plants (Volumes 2–50). This glossary will be updated as future volumes are published. It is the standard to be used by authors compiling future taxon treatments for the Flora of Australia. It also comprises the terms used in Species Plantarum — Flora of the World. Alternative terms For some preferred terms (in bold), alternative terms are also highlighted (in parentheses). For example, apiculum is the preferred term, and (=apiculus) is an alternative. Preferred terms are those also used in Species Plantarum — Flora of the World. © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2017. Flora of Australia Glossary — Ferns, Cycads, Conifers and Vascular plants is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.
    [Show full text]
  • Puaiohi Or Small Kaua‘I Thrush (Myadestes Palmeri)
    Hawaiian Bird Conservation Action Plan Focal Species: Puaiohi or Small Kaua‘i Thrush (Myadestes palmeri) Synopsis: The Puaiohi is endemic to Kaua’i and is restricted to remote areas of the rugged ‘Alaka’i Plateau. It nests in hollows or on ledges of fern-covered cliffs along narrow streams. The species may always have been rare, and availability of suitable nest sites may limit the range and population size. Habitat management to prevent degradation by non-native plants and feral ungulates is a key to long-term conservation. Artificial nest structures are being investigated as a way of increasing nest site availability and decreasing nest predation. Puaiohi at nest. Photo Eric VanderWerf Typical Puaiohi nesting habitat. Photo KFBRP Geographic region: Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands Group: Forest Birds Federal Status: Endangered State status: Endangered IUCN status: Critically Endangered Conservation score, rank: 18/20, At-risk Watch List 2007 Score: RED Juvenile Puaiohi. Photo Eric VanderWerf Climate Change Vulnerability: High Population Size and Trend: The Puaiohi population was estimated to be about 500 birds in 2006 (range 200-1,000; Kaua’i Forest Bird Recovery Project [KFBRP] unpubl. data). The habitat used by Puaiohi is difficult to survey and calculating an accurate population estimate has been challenging. The population trend appears to be stable. In 2011, a new survey method (occupancy modeling; Mackenzie et al. 2006) was field tested and it is hoped that this method will yield a more precise population estimate and provide a more robust method for monitoring trends. Range: The breeding population is restricted to an area of < 20 km2 on the ‘Alaka’i Plateau, and 75% of the population is estimated to occur in just 10 km2 (KFBRP unpubl.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Leaf hydraulics and evolution Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49h9s1n6 Author Scoffoni, Christine Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Leaf hydraulics and evolution A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology by Christine Scoffoni 2014 ©Copyright by Christine Scoffoni 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Leaf hydraulics and evolution by Christine Scoffoni Doctor of Philosophy in Biology University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Lawren Sack, Chair There has been increasing worldwide recognition of the importance of hydraulic physiology— the transport of water through the plant—in explaining plant growth and drought tolerance. By combining physiology and anatomy within an evolutionary framework, we can discover the mechanisms underlying species differences in hydraulic function, especially those of the leaf, the central organ in plant metabolism. I refined and developed new methods to investigate leaf water transport and its decline during drought, focusing on a critical measure of the capacity for water movement (leaf hydraulic conductance, Kleaf ). I found that species most tolerant of Kleaf decline had small leaves with dense major veins, providing pathways for the water to bypass embolized conduits during drought giving a new, direct explanation to the fact that species of dry areas have small leaves. I also developed a new method to investigate the role of leaf shrinkage on water movement. As leaves shrink with dehydration, mesophyll cells lose connectivity, physically impacting water movement outside the xylem.
    [Show full text]
  • November 2009 an Analysis of Possible Risk To
    Project Title An Analysis of Possible Risk to Threatened and Endangered Plant Species Associated with Glyphosate Use in Alfalfa: A County-Level Analysis Authors Thomas Priester, Ph.D. Rick Kemman, M.S. Ashlea Rives Frank, M.Ent. Larry Turner, Ph.D. Bernalyn McGaughey David Howes, Ph.D. Jeffrey Giddings, Ph.D. Stephanie Dressel Data Requirements Pesticide Assessment Guidelines Subdivision E—Hazard Evaluation: Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms Guideline Number 70-1-SS: Special Studies—Effects on Endangered Species Date Completed August 22, 2007 Prepared by Compliance Services International 7501 Bridgeport Way West Lakewood, WA 98499-2423 (253) 473-9007 Sponsor Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd. Saint Louis, MO 63167 Project Identification Compliance Services International Study 06711 Monsanto Study ID CS-2005-125 RD 1695 Volume 3 of 18 Page 1 of 258 Threatened & Endangered Plant Species Analysis CSI 06711 Glyphosate/Alfalfa Monsanto Study ID CS-2005-125 Page 2 of 258 STATEMENT OF NO DATA CONFIDENTIALITY CLAIMS The text below applies only to use of the data by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) in connection with the provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) No claim of confidentiality is made for any information contained in this study on the basis of its falling within the scope of FIFRA §10(d)(1)(A), (B), or (C). We submit this material to the United States Environmental Protection Agency specifically under the requirements set forth in FIFRA as amended, and consent to the use and disclosure of this material by EPA strictly in accordance with FIFRA. By submitting this material to EPA in accordance with the method and format requirements contained in PR Notice 86-5, we reserve and do not waive any rights involving this material that are or can be claimed by the company notwithstanding this submission to EPA.
    [Show full text]