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Animal and Health Inspection Service, USDA § 361.1

eradicate it, or prevent its dissemina- § 361.1 Definitions. tion. A State or political subdivision of Terms used in the singular form in a State also may not impose prohibi- this part shall be construed as the plu- tions or restrictions upon the move- ral, and vice versa, as the case may de- ment in interstate commerce of nox- mand. The following terms, when used ious if the Secretary has issued a in this part, shall be construed, respec- regulation or order to prevent the dis- tively, to mean: semination of the noxious within Administrator. The Administrator of the United States. The only exceptions the Animal and Plant Health Inspec- to this are: tion Service, U.S. Department of Agri- (1) If the prohibitions or restrictions culture, or any other individual to issued by the State or political subdivi- whom the Administrator delegates au- sion of a State are consistent with and thority to act in his or her stead. do not exceed the regulations or orders Agricultural seed. The following kinds issued by the Secretary; or and varieties of grass, , and field (2) If the State or political subdivi- crop seed that are used for seeding pur- sion of a State demonstrates to the poses in the United States: Secretary and the Secretary finds that there is a special need for additional Agrotricum—x Agrotriticum Ciferri and Giacom. prohibitions or restrictions based on —Medicago sativa L. sound scientific data or a thorough Alfilaria—Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her. risk assessment. Alyceclover— vaginalis (L.) DC. (b) Therefore, in accordance with sec- Bahiagrass—Paspalum notatum Fluegge tion 436 of the Plant Protection Act, Barley—Hordeum vulgare L. the regulations in this part preempt all Barrelclover—Medicago truncatula Gaertn. Bean, adzuki—Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi State and local laws and regulations and Ohashi that are inconsistent with or exceed Bean, field—Phaseolus vulgaris L. the regulations in this part unless a Bean, mung—Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek special need request has been granted Beet, field—Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris in accordance with the regulations in Beet, sugar—Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris §§ 301.1 through 301.13 of this chapter. Beggarweed, Florida—Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. [74 FR 53400, Oct. 19. 2009. Redesignated at 75 Bentgrass, colonial—Agrostis capillaris L. FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] Bentgrass, creeping—Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. Bentgrass, velvet—Agrostis canina L. PART 361—IMPORTATION OF SEED Bermudagrass—Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. AND SCREENINGS UNDER THE var. dactylon FEDERAL SEED ACT Bermudagrass, giant—Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. aridus Harlan and de Wet Bluegrass, annual—Poa annua L. Sec. Bluegrass, bulbous—Poa bulbosa L. 361.1 Definitions. Bluegrass, Canada—Poa compressa L. 361.2 Preemption of State and local laws; Bluegrass, glaucantha—Poa glauca Vahl general restrictions on the importation Bluegrass, Kentucky—Poa pratensis L. of seed and screenings. Bluegrass, Nevada—Poa secunda J.S. Presl 361.3 Declarations and labeling. Bluegrass, rough—Poa trivialis L. 361.4 Inspection at the port of first arrival. Bluegrass, Texas—Poa arachnifera Torr. 361.5 Sampling of seeds. Bluegrass, wood—Poa nemoralis L. 361.6 Noxious weed seeds. Bluejoint—Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv. 361.7 Special provisions for Canadian-origin Bluestem, big—Andropogon gerardii Vitm. seed and screenings. var. gerardii 361.8 Cleaning of imported seed and proc- Bluestem, little—Schizachyrium scoparium essing of certain Canadian-origin (Michx.) Nash screenings. Bluestem, sand—Andropogon hallii Hack. 361.9 Recordkeeping. Bluestem, yellow—Bothriochloa ischaemum 361.10 Costs and charges. (L.) Keng Bottlebrush-squirreltail—Elymus elymoides AUTHORITY: 7 U.S.C. 1581–1610; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3. (Raf.) Swezey Brome, field—Bromus arvensis L. SOURCE: 62 FR 48460, Sept. 16, 1997, unless Brome, meadow—Bromus biebersteinii Roem. otherwise noted. and Schult.

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Brome, mountain—Bromus marginatus Steud. Dropseed, sand—Sporobolus cryptandrus Brome, smooth—Bromus inermis Leyss. (Torr.) A. Gray Broomcorn—Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Emmer—Triticum dicoccon Schrank Buckwheat—Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Fescue, chewings—Festuca rubra L. subsp. Buffalograss—Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) commutata Gaud. Engelm. Fescue, hair—Festuca tenuifolia Sibth. Buffelgrass—Cenchrus ciliaris L. Fescue, hard—Festuca brevipila Tracey Burclover, California—Medicago polymorpha Fescue, meadow—Festuca pratensis Huds. L. Fescue, red—Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra Burclover, spotted—Medicago arabica (L.) Fescue, —Festuca ovina L. var. ovina Huds. Fescue, tall—Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Burnet, little—Sanguisorba minor Scop. Flax—Linum usitatissimum L. Buttonclover—Medicago orbicularis (L.) Galletagrass—Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth. Bartal. Grama, blue—Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Canarygrass—Phalaris canariensis L. Steud. Canarygrass, reed—Phalaris arundinacea L. Grama, side-oats—Bouteloua curtipendula Carpetgrass—Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) (Michx.) Torr. Kuhlm. Guar—Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Castorbean—Ricinus communis L. Guineagrass—Panicum maximum Jacq. var. Chess, soft—Bromus hordeaceus L. maximum Chickpea—Cicer arietinum L. Hardinggrass—Phalaris stenoptera Hack. Clover, alsike—Trifolium hybridum L. Hemp—Cannabis sativa L. Indiangrass, yellow—Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Clover, arrowleaf—Trifolium vesiculosum Savi Nash Clover, berseem—Trifolium alexandrinum L. Indigo, hairy—Indigofera hirsuta L. Clover, cluster—Trifolium glomeratum L. Japanese lawngrass—Zoysia japonica Steud. Clover, crimson—Trifolium incarnatum L. Johnsongrass—Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Clover, Kenya—Trifolium semipilosum Fresen. Kenaf—Hibiscus cannabinus L. Clover, ladino—Trifolium repens L. Kochia, forage—Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad. Clover, lappa—Trifolium lappaceum L. Kudzu—Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. Clover, large hop—Trifolium campestre lobata (Willd.) Maesen and S. Almeida Schreb. Lentil—Lens culinaris Medik. Clover, Persian—Trifolium resupinatum L. Lespedeza, Korean—Kummerowia stipulacea Clover, red or (Maxim.) Makino Red clover, mammoth—Trifolium pratense Lespedeza, sericea or Chinese—Lespedeza L. cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don Red clover, medium—Trifolium pratense L. Lespedeza, Siberian—Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Clover, rose—Trifolium hirtum All. Pers. Clover, small hop or suckling—Trifolium Lespedeza, striate—Kummerowia striata dubium Sibth. (Thunb.) Schindler Clover, strawberry—Trifolium fragiferum L. Lovegrass, sand—Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Clover, sub or subterranean—Trifolium Wood subterraneum L. Lovegrass, weeping—Eragrostis curvula Clover, white—Trifolium repens L. (also see (Schrad.) Nees Clover, ladino) Lupine, blue—Lupinus angustifolius L. Clover—(also see Alyceclover, Burclover, Lupine, white—Lupinus albus L. Buttonclover, Sourclover, Lupine, yellow—Lupinus luteus L. Sweetclover) Manilagrass—Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. Corn, field—Zea mays L. Meadow foxtail—Alopecurus pratensis L. Corn, pop—Zea mays L. Medic, black—Medicago lupulina L. Cotton—Gossypium spp. Milkvetch or cicer milkvetch—Astragalus —Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. cicer L. unguiculata Millet, browntop—Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Crambe—Crambe abyssinica R.E. Fries Stapf Crested dogtail—Cynosurus cristatus L. Millet, foxtail—Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. Crotalaria, lance—Crotalaria lanceolata E. Millet, Japanese—Echinochloa frumentacea Mey. Link Crotalaria, showy—Crotalaria spectabilis Roth Millet, pearl—Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. Crotalaria, slenderleaf—Crotalaria brevidens Millet, proso—Panicum miliaceum L. Benth. var. intermedia (Kotschy) Polh. Molassesgrass—Melinis minutiflora Beauv. Crotalaria, striped or smooth—Crotalaria Mustard, black—Brassica nigra (L.) Koch pallida Ait. Mustard, India—Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Crotalaria, sunn—Crotalaria juncea L. and Coss. Crownvetch—Coronilla varia L. Mustard, white—Sinapis alba L. Dallisgrass—Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Napiergrass—Pennisetum purpureum Dichondra—Dichondra repens Forst. and Schumach. Forst. f. Needlegrass, green—Stipa viridula Trin.

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Oat—Avena byzantina C. Koch, A. sativa L., A. Tobacco—Nicotiana tabacum L. nuda L. Trefoil, big—Lotus uliginosus Schk. Oatgrass, tall—Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Trefoil, birdsfoot—Lotus corniculatus L. J.S. Presl and K.B. Presl Triticale—x Triticosecale Wittm. Orchardgrass—Dactylis glomerata L. (Secale×Triticum) Panicgrass, blue—Panicum antidotale Retz. Vaseygrass—Paspalum urvillei Steud. Panicgrass, green—Panicum maximum Jacq. Veldtgrass—Ehrharta calycina J.E. Smith var. trichoglume Robyns Velvetbean—Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. Pea, field—Pisum sativum L. utilis (Wight) Burck Peanut—Arachis hypogaea L. Velvetgrass—Holcus lanatus L. Poa trivialis—(see Bluegrass, rough) Vetch, common—Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa Rape, annual—Brassica napus L. var. annua Vetch, hairy—Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa Koch Vetch, Hungarian—Vicia pannonica Crantz Rape, bird—Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa Vetch, monantha—Vicia articulata Hornem. Rape, turnip—Brassica rapa L. subsp. Vetch, narrowleaf or blackpod—Vicia sativa silvestris (Lam.) Janchen L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. Rape, winter—Brassica napus L. var. biennis Vetch, purple—Vicia benghalensis L. (Schubl. and Mart.) Reichb. Vetch, woollypod or winter—Vicia villosa Redtop—Agrostis gigantea Roth Roth subsp. varia (Host) Corb. Rescuegrass—Bromus catharticus Vahl Wheat, common—Triticum aestivum L. Rhodesgrass—Chloris gayana Kunth Wheat, club—Triticum compactum Host Rice—Oryza sativa L. Wheat, durum—Triticum durum Desf. Ricegrass, Indian—Oryzopsis hymenoides Wheat, Polish—Triticum polonicum L. (Roem. and Schult.) Ricker Wheat, poulard—Triticum turgidum L. Roughpea—Lathyrus hirsutus L. Wheat×Agrotricum—Triticum×Agrotriticum Rye—Secale cereale L. Wheatgrass, beardless—Pseudoroegneria Rye, mountain—Secale strictum (K.B. Presl) spicata (Pursh) A. Love K.B. Presl subsp. strictum Wheatgrass, crested or fairway crested— Ryegrass, annual or Italian—Lolium Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. multiflorum Lam. Wheatgrass, crested or standard crested— Ryegrass, intermediate—Lolium×hybridum Agropyron desertorum (Link) Schult. Hausskn. Wheatgrass, intermediate—Elytrigia inter- Ryegrass, perennial—Lolium perenne L. media (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia Ryegrass, Wimmera—Lolium rigidum Gaud. Wheatgrass, pubescent—Elytrigia intermedia Safflower—Carthamus tinctorius L. (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia Sagewort, Louisiana—Artemisia ludoviciana Wheatgrass, Siberian—Agropyron fragile Nutt. (Roth) Candargy subsp. sibiricum (Willd.) Sainfoin—Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Meld. Saltbush, fourwing—Atriplex canescens Wheatgrass, slender—Elymus trachycaulus (Pursh) Nutt. (Link) Shinn. Sesame—Sesamum indicum L. Wheatgrass, streambank—Elymus lanceolatus Sesbania—Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) A.W. Hill (Scribn. and J.G. Smith) Gould subsp. Smilo—Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss. lanceolatus Sorghum—Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Wheatgrass, tall—Elytrigia elongata (Host) Sorghum almum—Sorghum×almum L. Parodi Nevski Sorghum-sudangrass—Sorghum×drummondii Wheatgrass, western—Pascopyrum smithii (Steud.) Millsp. and Chase (Rydb.) A. Love Sorgrass—Rhizomatous derivatives of a Wildrye, basin—Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and johnsongrass×sorghum cross or a Merr.) A. Love johnsongrass×sudangrass cross Wildrye, Canada—Elymus canadensis L. Southernpea—(See Cowpea) Wildrye, Russian—Psathyrostachys juncea Sourclover—Melilotus indicus (L.) All. (Fisch.) Nevski Soybean—Glycine max (L.) Merr. Zoysia japonica—(see Japanese lawngrass) Spelt—Triticum spelta L. Zoysia matrella—(see Manilagrass) Sudangrass—Sorghum×drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. and Chase Animal and Plant Health Inspection Sunflower—Helianthus annuus L. Service (APHIS). The Animal and Plant Sweetclover, white—Melilotus albus Medik. Health Inspection Service of the U.S. Sweetclover, yellow—Melilotus officinalis Department of Agriculture. Lam. APHIS inspector. Any employee of the Sweet vernalgrass—Anthoxanthum odoratum Animal and Plant Health Inspection L. Service or any other individual author- Sweetvetch, northern—Hedysarum boreale Nutt. ized by the Administrator to enforce Switchgrass—Panicum virgatum L. this part. Timothy—Phleum pratense L. Coated Seed. Any seed unit covered Timothy, turf—Phleum bertolonii DC. with any substance that changes the

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size, shape, or weight of the original Screenings. Chaff, sterile florets, im- seed. Seeds coated with ingredients mature seed, weed seed, inert matter, such as, but not limited to, , and any other materials removed in dyes, and pesticides are excluded. any way from any seeds in any kind of Declaration. A written statement of a cleaning or processing and which con- grower, shipper, processor, dealer, or tains less than 25 percent of live agri- importer giving for any lot of seed the cultural or vegetable seeds. kind, variety, type, origin, or the use State. Any State, the District of Co- for which the seed is intended. lumbia, American Samoa, , the Hybrid. When applied to kinds or va- Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto rieties of seed means the first genera- Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United tion seed of a cross produced by con- States, and any other territory or pos- trolling the pollination and by com- session of the United States. bining two or more inbred lines; one in- United States. All of the States. bred or a single cross with an open-pol- Variety. A subdivision of a kind which linated variety; or two selected clones, is characterized by growth, plant, fruit, seed lines, varieties, or species. ‘‘Con- seed, or other characteristics by which trolling the pollination’’ means to use it can be differentiated from other a method of hybridization that will sorts of the same kind. produce pure seed that is at least 75 Vegetable seed. The seed of the fol- percent hybrid seed. Hybrid designa- lowing kinds and varieties that are or tions shall be treated as variety names. may be grown in gardens or on truck Import/importation. To bring into the farms and are or may be generally territorial limits of the United States. known and sold under the name of veg- Kind. One or more related species or etable seed: subspecies that singly or collectively is Artichoke—Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. known by one common name, e.g., soy- cardunculus bean, flax, or carrot. Asparagus—Asparagus officinalis Baker Lot of seed. A definite quantity of Asparagusbean or yard-long bean—Vigna seed identified by a lot number, every unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis portion or bag of which is uniform, (L.) Verdc. within permitted tolerances, for the Bean, garden—Phaseolus vulgaris L. factors that appear in the labeling. Bean, lima—Phaseolus lunatus L. Bean, runner or scarlet runner—Phaseolus Mixture. Seeds consisting of more coccineus L. than one kind or variety, each present Beet—Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris in excess of 5 percent of the whole. Broadbean—Vicia faba L. Official seed laboratory. An official Broccoli—Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L. laboratory member of the Association Brussels sprouts—Brassica oleracea L. var. of Official Seed Analysts. gemmifera DC. Pelleted seed. Any seed unit covered Burdock, great—Arctium lappa L. Cabbage—Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. with a substance that changes the size, Cabbage, Chinese—Brassica rapa L. subsp. shape, or weight of the original seed in pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt order to improve the plantability or Cabbage, tronchuda—Brassica oleracea L. var. singulation of the seed. costata DC. Person. Any individual, partnership, Cantaloupe—(see Melon) corporation, company, society, associa- Cardoon—Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. tion, receiver, trustee, or other legal cardunculus entity or organized group. Carrot—Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. Port of first arrival. The land area Cauliflower—Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis (such as a seaport, airport, or land bor- L. der station) where a person, or a land, Celeriac—Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum water, or air vehicle, first arrives after (Mill.) Gaud. entering the territorial limits of the Celery—Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) United States, and where inspection of Pers. articles is carried out by APHIS in- Chard, Swiss—Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Koch spectors. Chicory—Cichorium intybus L. Registered seed technologist. A reg- Chives—Allium schoenoprasum L. istered member of the Society of Com- Citron—Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. mercial Seed Technologists. and Nakai var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf.

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Collards—Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala § 361.2 Preemption of State and local DC. laws; general restrictions on the im- Corn, sweet—Zea mays L. portation of seed and screenings. Cornsalad—Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade Cowpea—Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. (a) The regulations in this part pre- unguiculata empt State and local laws regarding Cress, garden—Lepidium sativum L. seed and screenings imported into the Cress, upland—Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. United States while the seed and Cress, water—Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum screenings are in foreign commerce. (L.) Hayek Seed and screenings imported for im- Cucumber—Cucumis sativus L. mediate distribution and sale to the Dandelion—Taraxacum officinale Wigg. consuming public remain in foreign Dill—Anethum graveolens L. commerce until sold to the ultimate Eggplant—Solanum melongena L. consumer. The question of when for- Endive—Cichorium endivia L. eign commerce ceases in other cases Gherkin, West India—Cucumis anguria L. must be considered on a case-by-case Kale—Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC. Kale, Chinese—Brassica oleracea L. var. basis. alboglabra (Bailey) Musil (b) No person shall import any agri- Kale, Siberian—Brassica napus L. var. cultural seed, vegetable seed, or pabularia (DC.) Reichb. screenings into the United States un- Kohlrabi—Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes less the importation is in compliance L. with this part. Leek—Allium porrum L. (c) Any agricultural seed, vegetable Lettuce—Lactuca sativa L. seed, or screenings imported into the Melon—Cucumis melo L. United States not in compliance with Muskmelon—(see Melon). this part shall be subject to expor- Mustard, India—Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss. tation, destruction, disposal, or any re- Mustard, spinach—Brassica perviridis (Bailey) medial measures that the Adminis- Bailey trator determines are necessary to pre- Okra—Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench vent the dissemination into the United Onion—Allium cepa L. States of noxious weeds. Onion, Welsh—Allium fistulosum L. (d) Except as provided in § 361.7(b), Pak-choi—Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis coated or pelleted seed may enter the (L.) Hanelt United States only if each lot of seed is Parsley—Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. accompanied by an officially drawn Hill and sealed sample of seed drawn from Parsnip—Pastinaca sativa L. the lot before the seed was coated or Pea—Pisum sativum L. Pepper—Capsicum spp. pelleted. The sample must be drawn in Pe-tsai—(see Chinese cabbage). a manner consistent with that de- Pumpkin—Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata scribed in § 361.5 of this part. (Duchesne) Poiret, and C. maxima Duchesne (e) Except as provided in §§ 361.4(a)(3) Radish—Raphanus sativus L. and 361.7(c), screenings of all agricul- Rhubarb—Rheum rhabarbarum L. tural seed and vegetable seed are pro- Rutabaga—Brassica napus L. var. hibited entry into the United States. napobrassica (L.) Reichb. Sage—Salvia officinalis L. [62 FR 48460, Sept. 16, 1997, as amended at 74 Salsify—Tragopogon porrifolius L. FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009] Savory, summer—Satureja hortensis L. Sorrel—Rumex acetosa L. § 361.3 Declarations and labeling. Southernpea—(see Cowpea). (a) All lots of agricultural seed, vege- Soybean—Glycine max (L.) Merr. table seed, and screenings imported Spinach—Spinacia oleracea L. into the United States must be accom- Spinach, New Zealand—Tetragonia panied by a declaration from the im- tetragonioides (Pall.) Ktze. porter of the seed or screenings. The Squash—Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata declaration must state the kind, vari- (Duchesne) Poiret, and C. maxima Duchesne Tomato—Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ety, and origin of each lot of seed or Tomato, husk—Physalis pubescens L. screenings and the use for which the Turnip—Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa seed or screenings are being imported. Watermelon—Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) (b) Each container of agricultural Matsum. and Nakai var. lanatus seed and vegetable seed imported into

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