Amaranthus Spinosus

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Amaranthus spinosus Spiny amaranth, pigweed Amaranthus spinosus L. Family: Amaranthaceae Description: Shrubby annual herb with striated stems to 5 ft long. Stems succulent, often reddish; pair of spines in leaf axils. Leaves alternate, ovate, somewhat triangu- lar, to 5 inches long by 2 inches wide, veins raised be- neath. Sometimes leaves have a white chevron pointing toward the apex. Flower heads green in leaf axils and on tail-like terminal spikes which are sometimes branched. One plant can produce 235,000 seeds. A common weed in row crops, field crops, pastures in the tropics and subtropics. [There are several other species of amaranths in Hawai‘i which resemble spiny amaranth but without the spines. The most common amaranth in Hawai‘i is A. viridis L., slender amaranth, which lacks the spines and has leaves that are notched at the apex.] Amarantos is Greek for unfading, in reference to the color of the inflorescence of some species of this genus; Environmental impact: Spines hinder workers in spinosus, spiny; viridis, green(5, 26, 70). cropland and pastures and foresters and hikers in natural areas. Amaranth responds to nitrogen. In 1973, 39 Distribution: From Asia, now widely distributed dairy cows fed green chop contaminated with amaranth throughout the tropics and warm temperate regions. fertilized with high-nitrate manure died(26). Occurs in Asia from Japan to Indonesia to India, the Pacific islands and Australia, Africa, the Americas, and Management: Sensitive to hormone type herbicides, Hawai‘i. Dry to mesic areas. Infests many crops and especially when young. Sensitive to glyphosate. orchards. Common in non-cropland. In pastures, it often occurs around water troughs. Introduced into Hawai‘i by 1928(26, 70). This is an excerpt from Weeds of Hawai‘i’s Pastures and Natural Areas; An Identification and Management Guide by P. Motooka et al. ©2003, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa..

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Amaranthus Spinosus
Weed Risk Assessment: Amaranthus spinosus 1. Plant Details Taxonomy: Amaranthus spinosus L. Family Amaranthaceae (also placed in Chenopodiaceae) Common names: needle burr, spiny amaranth, spiny pigweed. Origins: Native to tropical America (Randall, 2002). Distribution: Cosmopolitan in warm temperate and tropical regions but increasingly found in temperate areas, especially between latitudes 30 0N and 30 0S (Waterhouse, 1994). Naturalised in Turkey, Australia. Description: An annual herb reproducing by seed only. Distinguished by flowers and pairs of spiny bracts that occur in the leaf axils. Mature plants are erect, branched and may grow to 1.2 m tall (see Figure 1). Stems are angled in cross section, reddish, fleshy and bear many spines. Leaves are alternate, ovate-rhombic to lanceolate sometimes with sparse hairs on the lower surface and most with a pair of long, straight spines at the base. Flower heads are either a long terminal spike or clumped at the leaf axils in the lower part of the plant. Male and female flowers are small, greenish and occur on the same plant. Fruit is ovoid and contains compressed, shiny, tiny, dark red to black seeds. (HEAR website). Biology and ecology: Habitat. A. spinosus appears in a range of climatic conditions but shows frost intolerance at some sites. It is not associated with particular soil types but grows best in well drained but moist situations. It is found on acid, basic and neutral soils. It prefers sunny sites and will not grow well in shaded situations. A. spinosus occurs on disturbed ground, along roadsides, railway lines, neglected land, tip sites and poorly maintained grazing land.(see Figure 3).
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World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Mitra Et Al
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Mitra et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical SJIF ImpactResearch Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 6, 352-365. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105 AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LINN. – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Samayita Basu1, Tanaya Ghosh1, Prasenjit Mitra2 and Prasanta Kumar Mitra1* 1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Sikkim Manipal University, SMIMS, Sikkim, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. ABSTRACT Article Received on 25 Feb. 2019, Amaranthus spinosus Linn. (Family Amaranthaceae) commonly Revised on 16 March 2019, known as ‘spiny amaranth’ or ‘pig weed’, is a plant known for its Accepted on 06 April 2019 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20196-14810 medicinal properties since long. In past in the traditional system of medicine (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Folk medicine etc.) various parts of the plant were used for treatment of *Corresponding Author Dr. Prasanta Kumar different diseases. The tradition, however, is still continuing. In present Mitra day research phytochemical investigations were carried out which Department of Medical confirmed presence of bioactive molecules like linoleic acid, rutin, Biotechnology, Sikkim catechuic acid, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, Manipal University, betalain, b-sitosterol, carotenoids, stigmasterol, phenolic acids, SMIMS, Sikkim, India. steroids, amino acids, terpenoids etc. in different parts of the plant. Pharmacological studies were also conducted. Different parts of the plants showed analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, spermatogenic, antifertility, anti- inflammatory, hepato-protective, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, antimalarial properties. In spite of all these studied there are many more work to be done in near future. Other phytochemicals present in the plant are to be isolated.
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The Probable Use of Genus Amaranthus As Feed Material for Monogastric Animals
animals Review The Probable Use of Genus amaranthus as Feed Material for Monogastric Animals Tlou Grace Manyelo 1,2 , Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola 1 , Elsabe Janse van Rensburg 1 and Monnye Mabelebele 1,* 1 Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; [email protected] (T.G.M.); [email protected] (N.A.S.); [email protected] (E.J.v.R.) 2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-11-471-3983 Received: 13 July 2020; Accepted: 5 August 2020; Published: 26 August 2020 Simple Summary: In monogastric production, feeds account for about 50–70% of the total costs. Protein ingredients are one of the most expensive inputs even though they are not included in large quantities as compared to cereals. Monogastric animal industries are faced with a major problem of limited protein sources, moreover, the competition for plant materials is expected to further increase feed prices. Therefore, to tackle this problem, interventions are required to find alternative and cost-effective protein sources. One identified crop that meets these requirements is amaranth. Studies have shown the potential and contribution that amaranth has as an alternative ingredient in diets for monogastric animals. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the potential use of amaranth as feed for monogastric animals, and further indicate processing techniques are suitable to improve the utilization of grain amaranth and leaves.
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Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: a Mini-Review
applied sciences Review Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review Olusanya N. Ruth 1,*, Kolanisi Unathi 1,2, Ngobese Nomali 3 and Mayashree Chinsamy 4 1 Disipline of Food Security, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Department of Consumer Science, University of Zululand, 24 Main Road, KwaDlangezwa, Uthungulu 3886, South Africa 3 Department of Botany and Plant Biotectechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa; [email protected] 4 DST-NRF-Center, Indiginous Knowledge System, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 3629, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Amaranthus is a C4 plant tolerant to drought, and plant diseases and a suitable option for climate change. This plant could form part of every region’s cultural heritage and can be transferred to the next generation. Moreover, Amaranthus is a multipurpose plant that has been identiﬁed as a traditional edible vegetable endowed with nutritional value, besides its fodder, medicinal, nutraceutical, industrial, and ornamental potentials. In recent decade Amaranthus has received increased research interest. Despite its endowment, there is a dearth of awareness of its numerous potential beneﬁts hence, it is being underutilized. Suitable cultivation systems, innovative Citation: Ruth, O.N.; Unathi, K.; processing, and value-adding techniques to promote its utilization are scarce. However, a food-based Nomali, N.; Chinsamy, M. approach has been suggested as a sustainable measure that tackles food-related problem, especially Underutilization Versus in harsh weather. Thus, in this review, a literature search for updated progress and potential Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of uses of Amaranthus from online databases of peer-reviewed articles and books was conducted.
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ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................
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A New Addition to the Alien Flora of Tunisia, Amaranthus Spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae S.L.), with Notes on A
Acta Bot. Croat. 78 (1), 91–94, 2019 CODEN: ABCRA 25 DOI: 10.2478/botcro-2018-0009 ISSN 0365-0588 eISSN 1847-8476 Short communication A new addition to the alien flora of Tunisia, Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae s.l.), with notes on A. diacanthus Raf. Duilio Iamonico1*, Ridha El Mokni2,3 1 University of Rome Sapienza, Department PDTA, Section Environment and Landscape, via Flaminia 72, 00196 Rome, Italy 2 Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Carthage, Jarzouna-7021, Bizerta, Tunisia 3 Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, BP. N° 207, Avenue Avicenna, Monastir-5000, Tunisia Abstract – Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae s.l.), a species native to the Neotropics, has been found in four localities (Bizerta, Bir Bouregba, Hammamet, and Nabeul) of N. Tunisia. Our discovery represents the first record at national level, and the second one for N. Africa. Morphological characters and ecological data are given. Nomencla- tural notes are provided for the name A. diacanthus, which was regarded by some authors as heterotypic synonym of A. spinosus. A neotype is designated in the present paper based on a specimen preserved at LSU. Keywords: alien species, Amaranthus, neophyte, typification Introduction The genus Amaranthus L. (Amaranthaceae Juss.) com- Amaranthus spinosus, which is recorded in many countries prises about 70 mostly annual, monoecious and dioecious of central and southern parts of the continent, while in the species, of which approximately 40 are native in America north it occurs only in Egypt. As part of an ongoing no- (see e.g., Costea et al.
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Comparative Anatomical Studies on Some Species of the Genus Amaranthus (Family: Amaranthaceae) for the Development of an Identification Guide Q ⇑ Abbas A
Annals of Agricultural Science xxx (2017) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Agricultural Science journal homepage: Comparative anatomical studies on some species of the genus Amaranthus (Family: Amaranthaceae) for the development of an identification guide q ⇑ Abbas A. El-Ghamery a, Ahmed M. Sadek a, , Ola H. Abd El Bar b a Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt b Agriculturale Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt article info abstract Article history: A study of anatomical features of mature leaves and stems (at fruiting stage) of 12 Amaranthus taxa Received 20 September 2016 (Family: Amaranthaceae) shows high variation between them and supplied new characters. The internal Received in revised form 2 November 2016 structures were evaluated to clarify their effectiveness in solving taxonomic complexity and identifica- Accepted 16 November 2016 tion difficulty in this genus. Observation of the transections of blades showed that the epidermis is unis- Available online xxxx eriate, ground tissue consists of angular collenchyma and thin parenchyma. The vascular bundles shape has three patterns crescent, ring, ovate. Also they may be united or separated while the midrib shape in Keywords: cross section has two patterns in which U-shaped, cordate or crescent bundle occurs. All leaves are peti- Amaranthus olate. The examination of the petioles exhibits new and varied characters such as petiole shape (cross sec- Leaf and stem anatomy DELTA key tion), vascular bundles (shape, number, arrangement). While the resulted characters from the Identification observation of the stem structure showed less variation. Nineteen qualitative characters with 38 charac- ter states resulted from leaf anatomy.
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The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Student Works 2015-06-01 The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly Jared William Clouse Brigham Young University - Provo, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studentpub Part of the Plant Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Clouse, Jared William, "The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly" (2015). Student Works. 167. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/studentpub/167 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Works by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly Jared William Clouse A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science P. Jeffery Maughan, Chair Eric N. Jellen Joshua A. Udall Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University June 2015 Copyright © 2015 Jared William Clouse All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly Jared William Clouse Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, BYU Master of Science Amaranthus hypochondriacus is an emerging pseudo-cereal native to the New World which has garnered increased attention in recent years due to its nutritional quality, in particular its seed protein, and more specifically its high levels of the essential amino acid lysine. It belongs to the Amaranthaceae family, is an ancient paleotetraploid that shows amphidiploid inheritance (2n=32), and has an estimated genome size of 466 Mb.
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Current Knowledge on Amaranthus Spp.: Research Avenues for Improved Nutritional Value and Yield in Leafy Amaranths in Sub-Saharan Africa
Euphytica DOI 10.1007/s10681-014-1081-9 REVIEW Current knowledge on Amaranthus spp.: research avenues for improved nutritional value and yield in leafy amaranths in sub-Saharan Africa Enoch G. Achigan-Dako • Olga E. D. Sogbohossou • Patrick Maundu Received: 2 December 2013 / Accepted: 14 February 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014 Abstract In the past 20 years, very little progress has current knowledge on taxonomy, ecology, nutritional been achieved in reducing food insecurity, child and nutraceutical value, production and cultivation malnutrition and hunger in Africa. Under-nutrition systems, reproductive biology, genetic resources and and micronutrients deﬁciencies are widespread and breeding of amaranths. Species of interest include: A. affect mainly women and children. To address these blitum, A. caudatus, A. cruentus, A. dubius, A. hypo- problems, increased consumption of African leafy chondriacus, A. spinosus, A. thunbergii, A. tricolor, vegetables is promoted as sources of both micronutri- and A. viridis. Research and development opportuni- ents and bio-active compounds. Widely promoted ties on nutritive and nutraceutical properties, produc- African leafy vegetables include Amaranthus spp., a tion and commercialization, taxonomic evaluation and taxonomic group cultivated worldwide. Species of this breeding perspectives were explored. genus are used as pseudo-cereals in Europe and America, and are mostly planted as vegetables in Keywords Amaranthus Á Leafy vegetables Á Africa. Amaranthus has been rediscovered as a prom- Nutrients Á Nutraceutical properties Á ising food crop mainly due to its resistance to heat, Genetic resources drought, diseases and pests, and the high nutritional value of both seeds and leaves. Leaves are rich in proteins and micronutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, Introduction vitamin C and vitamin A.
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Southern Garden History Plant Lists
Southern Plant Lists Southern Garden History Society A Joint Project With The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation September 2000 1 INTRODUCTION Plants are the major component of any garden, and it is paramount to understanding the history of gardens and gardening to know the history of plants. For those interested in the garden history of the American south, the provenance of plants in our gardens is a continuing challenge. A number of years ago the Southern Garden History Society set out to create a ‘southern plant list’ featuring the dates of introduction of plants into horticulture in the South. This proved to be a daunting task, as the date of introduction of a plant into gardens along the eastern seaboard of the Middle Atlantic States was different than the date of introduction along the Gulf Coast, or the Southern Highlands. To complicate maters, a plant native to the Mississippi River valley might be brought in to a New Orleans gardens many years before it found its way into a Virginia garden. A more logical project seemed to be to assemble a broad array plant lists, with lists from each geographic region and across the spectrum of time. The project’s purpose is to bring together in one place a base of information, a data base, if you will, that will allow those interested in old gardens to determine the plants available and popular in the different regions at certain times. This manual is the fruition of a joint undertaking between the Southern Garden History Society and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. In choosing lists to be included, I have been rather ruthless in expecting that the lists be specific to a place and a time.
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An Inside Review of Amaranthus Spinosus
IJRPC 2014, 4(3), 643-653 Rai Puneet Kumar et al. ISSN: 22312781 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Review Article Available online at www.ijrpc.com AN INSIDE REVIEW OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LINN: A POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANT OF INDIA Rai Puneet Kumar*, Jindal Shammy, Gupta Nitin and Rana Rinu Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT Amaranthus spinosus Linn. (Family Amaranthaceae), a very common Indian plant is known for its medicinal properties and commonly known as ‘spiny amaranth’ or ‘pig weed’, ‘‘Kate wali Chaulai (Kanatabhajii)” in ‘Hindi”, cultivated throughout in India, Sri Lanka and distributed throughout the tropics and warm temperate regions of Asia from Japan to Indonesia, the Pacific islands and Australia as a weed in cultivated as well as fallow lands. It is erect spinous annual or perennial herb varying in color from green to purple, native to tropical America. In Indian traditional system of medicine (Ayurveda) the plant is used as febrifuge, antipyretic, laxative and diuretic. Besides its culinary value, it is used to repute for treat digestible, bronchitis, appetizer, biliousness, galactagogue, haematinic, stomachic, nausea, flatulence, anorexia, blood diseases, burning sensation, leucorrhoea, leprosy and piles. Phytochemical investigations prove its importance as valuable medicinal plant. It is known as rich source of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, steroids, amino acids, terpenoids, lipids, saponin, betalain, b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, linoleic acid, rutin, catechuic tannins and carotenoids. The studies on A. spinosus have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which may include antidiabetic, antitumor, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepato-protective, spermatogenic, antifertility, antimalarial, antioxidant properties, etc.
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Amaranthus Spp
antioxidants Review A Review of Recent Studies on the Antioxidant Activities of a Third-Millennium Food: Amaranthus spp. 1,2, 1, 1,2, Seon-Joo Park y, Anshul Sharma y and Hae-Jeung Lee * 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea; [email protected] (S.-J.P.); [email protected] (A.S.) 2 Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +82-31-750-5968; Fax: +82-31-724-4411 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 3 December 2020; Published: 5 December 2020 Abstract: Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) plant commonly refers to the sustainable food crop for the 21st century. The crop has witnessed signiﬁcant attention in recent years due to its high nutritional value and agronomic advantages. It is a relatively well-balanced cosmopolitan food that is a protector against chronic diseases. Usually, the antioxidant activities of amaranth are held responsible for its defensive behavior. Antioxidant activity of plants, generally, is attributed to their phytochemical compounds. The current interest, however, lies in hydrolysates and bioactive peptides because of their numerous biological functions, including antioxidant eﬀect. While the importance of bioactive peptides has been progressively recognized, an integrated review of recent studies on the antioxidant ability of amaranth species, especially their hydrolysates and peptides has not been generated. Hence, in this review, we summarize studies focused on the antioxidant capacity of amaranth renewal over the period 2015–2020. It starts with a background and overall image of the amaranth-related published reviews.
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