Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: a Mini-Review
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Amaranthus Spinosus
Weed Risk Assessment: Amaranthus spinosus 1. Plant Details Taxonomy: Amaranthus spinosus L. Family Amaranthaceae (also placed in Chenopodiaceae) Common names: needle burr, spiny amaranth, spiny pigweed. Origins: Native to tropical America (Randall, 2002). Distribution: Cosmopolitan in warm temperate and tropical regions but increasingly found in temperate areas, especially between latitudes 30 0N and 30 0S (Waterhouse, 1994). Naturalised in Turkey, Australia. Description: An annual herb reproducing by seed only. Distinguished by flowers and pairs of spiny bracts that occur in the leaf axils. Mature plants are erect, branched and may grow to 1.2 m tall (see Figure 1). Stems are angled in cross section, reddish, fleshy and bear many spines. Leaves are alternate, ovate-rhombic to lanceolate sometimes with sparse hairs on the lower surface and most with a pair of long, straight spines at the base. Flower heads are either a long terminal spike or clumped at the leaf axils in the lower part of the plant. Male and female flowers are small, greenish and occur on the same plant. Fruit is ovoid and contains compressed, shiny, tiny, dark red to black seeds. (HEAR website). Biology and ecology: Habitat. A. spinosus appears in a range of climatic conditions but shows frost intolerance at some sites. It is not associated with particular soil types but grows best in well drained but moist situations. It is found on acid, basic and neutral soils. It prefers sunny sites and will not grow well in shaded situations. A. spinosus occurs on disturbed ground, along roadsides, railway lines, neglected land, tip sites and poorly maintained grazing land.(see Figure 3). -
Morphological Characters, Geographic Distribution and Ecology of Neophytic Amaranthusblitum L
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Jahr/Year: 2004 Band/Volume: 105B Autor(en)/Author(s): Walter Johannes, Dobes Christoph Artikel/Article: Morphological characters, geographic distribution and ecology of neophytic Amaranthusblitum L. subsp. emarginatus in Austria 645-672 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 105 B 645 - 672 Wien, April 2004 Morphological characters, geographic distribution and ecology of neophytic Amaranth us blitum L. subsp. emarginatus in Austria J. Walter* & Ch. Dobes* Abstract Amaranthus blitum L. subsp. emarginatus (MOQ. ex ULINE & BRAY) CARRETERO, MUNOZ GARMENDIA & PEDROL. has been recently introduced to Austria. This neophyte occurs on banks of the rivers Thaya and March along the north-eastern border of Austria where it has been established. All further locations encountered were restricted to ruderal habitats. A revision based on herbarium material and the authors' collections as well as a geographic distribution map of subsp. blitum and subsp. emarginatus including morphologically problematic specimens are given. A first chromosomal record for latter subspecies from Austria is cited. The morphological characters are discussed in detail. Data on phytosociology of subsp. emarginatus from both natural and anthropogenic habitats are presented, and according to indigenous vegetation, the ecology of this neophyte is discussed. Keywords: alien species, Amaranthus, Amaranthaceae, Austria, chromosome number, ecology, geographic distribution, taxonomy, phytosociology Zusammenfassung Amaranthus blitum L. subsp. emarginatus (MOQ. ex ULINE & BRAY) CARRETERO, MUNOZ GARMENDIA & PEDROL. ist eine erst spät in Österreich eingeschleppte Art. Neben den zumeist noch sporadischen adventiven Vorkommen dieses Neophyten existieren an den Flussufern der Thaya und March etablierte Populationen. -
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Mitra Et Al
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Mitra et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical SJIF ImpactResearch Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 6, 352-365. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105 AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LINN. – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Samayita Basu1, Tanaya Ghosh1, Prasenjit Mitra2 and Prasanta Kumar Mitra1* 1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Sikkim Manipal University, SMIMS, Sikkim, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. ABSTRACT Article Received on 25 Feb. 2019, Amaranthus spinosus Linn. (Family Amaranthaceae) commonly Revised on 16 March 2019, known as ‘spiny amaranth’ or ‘pig weed’, is a plant known for its Accepted on 06 April 2019 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20196-14810 medicinal properties since long. In past in the traditional system of medicine (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Folk medicine etc.) various parts of the plant were used for treatment of *Corresponding Author Dr. Prasanta Kumar different diseases. The tradition, however, is still continuing. In present Mitra day research phytochemical investigations were carried out which Department of Medical confirmed presence of bioactive molecules like linoleic acid, rutin, Biotechnology, Sikkim catechuic acid, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, Manipal University, betalain, b-sitosterol, carotenoids, stigmasterol, phenolic acids, SMIMS, Sikkim, India. steroids, amino acids, terpenoids etc. in different parts of the plant. Pharmacological studies were also conducted. Different parts of the plants showed analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, spermatogenic, antifertility, anti- inflammatory, hepato-protective, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, antimalarial properties. In spite of all these studied there are many more work to be done in near future. Other phytochemicals present in the plant are to be isolated. -
The Probable Use of Genus Amaranthus As Feed Material for Monogastric Animals
animals Review The Probable Use of Genus amaranthus as Feed Material for Monogastric Animals Tlou Grace Manyelo 1,2 , Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola 1 , Elsabe Janse van Rensburg 1 and Monnye Mabelebele 1,* 1 Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; [email protected] (T.G.M.); [email protected] (N.A.S.); [email protected] (E.J.v.R.) 2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-11-471-3983 Received: 13 July 2020; Accepted: 5 August 2020; Published: 26 August 2020 Simple Summary: In monogastric production, feeds account for about 50–70% of the total costs. Protein ingredients are one of the most expensive inputs even though they are not included in large quantities as compared to cereals. Monogastric animal industries are faced with a major problem of limited protein sources, moreover, the competition for plant materials is expected to further increase feed prices. Therefore, to tackle this problem, interventions are required to find alternative and cost-effective protein sources. One identified crop that meets these requirements is amaranth. Studies have shown the potential and contribution that amaranth has as an alternative ingredient in diets for monogastric animals. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the potential use of amaranth as feed for monogastric animals, and further indicate processing techniques are suitable to improve the utilization of grain amaranth and leaves. -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Amaranthus Caudatus L.) T ⁎ Alicia Martinez-Lopeza, Maria C
Journal of Functional Foods 65 (2020) 103735 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Functional Foods journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jff Nutraceutical value of kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L.) T ⁎ Alicia Martinez-Lopeza, Maria C. Millan-Linaresb, , Noelia M. Rodriguez-Martina,c, Francisco Millanc, Sergio Montserrat-de la Paza a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain b Cell Biology Unit, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain c Department of Food & Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae), commonly known as kiwicha, is considered as one of the few multi- Amaranth purpose pseudocereal crops which supply higher nutritional seeds in huge quantities. A. caudatus is rich source Seed of proteins, β-carotene, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Amaranth starch is of promising use by its high Plant protein solubility and digestibility, compared to wheat, rice, and oat, seeds of amaranths are gluten-free and contain Nutraceutical 30% more protein with complete set of amino acid, offering new possibilities for food processing, pharmacology, Kiwicha and cosmetics. In addition to its nutritional value, several studies have highlighted the importance of this A. caudatus as potential sources of biologically active compounds with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti- hypercholesterolemic effects and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, the introduction in the diet of A. caudatus seeds could be associated with health promotion and prevention of diseases. 1. -
Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China
Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. -
EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) Volume: 5 | Issue: 12 | December 2020 - Peer Reviewed Journal
SJIF Impact Factor: 7.001| ISI I.F.Value:1.241| Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2016 ISSN: 2455-7838(Online) EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD) Volume: 5 | Issue: 12 | December 2020 - Peer Reviewed Journal CHEMICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING THE ICLUSION OF AMARANTHACEAE AND CHENOPODIACEAE INTO ONE FAMILY AMARANTHACEAE JUSS. (s.l.) Fatima Mubark1 1PhD Research Scholar, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants research Institute, National Council for Research, Khartom, Sudan Ikram Madani Ahmed2 2Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan Corresponding author: Ikram Madani, Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra6001 ABSTRACT In this study, separation of chemical compounds using Thin layer chromatography technique revealed close relationship between the studied members of the newly constructed family Amaranthaceae Juss. (s.l.). 68% of the calculated affinities between the studied species are above 50% which is an indication for close relationships. 90% is the chemical affinities reported between Chenopodium murale and three species of the genus Amaranthus despite of their great morphological diversity. Among the selected members of the chenopodiaceae, Chenopodium murale and Suaeda monoica are the most closely related species to all of the studied Amaranthaceae . 60%-88% and 54%-88% chemical affinities were reported for the two species with the Amaranthaceae members respectively. GC-Mass analysis of methanolic extracts of the studied species identified 20 compounds common between different species. 9,12- Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,2-hydroxy-1 and 7-Hexadecenal,(Z)- are the major components common between Amaranthus graecizans, Digera muricata Aerva javanica Gomphrena celosioides of the historical family Amaranthaceae and Suaeda monoica Salsola vermiculata Chenopodium murale Cornulaca monocantha of the historical family Chenopodiaceae, Most of the identified compounds are of pharmaceutical importance such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory , and Anti-cancerous. -
Qualitative Composition of Amaranth Plants Depending on the Altitude Zone of Mountains and Foothills by Bekuzarova S
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary Volume 20 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Qualitative Composition of Amaranth Plants Depending on the Altitude Zone of Mountains and Foothills By Bekuzarova S. A., Kuznetsov, I. Yu. & Dzampaeva M. V. Gorsky State Agrarian University Abstract- Amaranth is a multifunctional culture that surpasses many others by the amount of high-grade protein, vitamins, macro- and microelements from a unit of sown area. Amaranth grains (mature seeds) contain 14-18% of protein, up to 8% of oil, about 7% of N-free extractives and up to 4% of ash. It is used as dietary cereal, for the production of baby food, medical products, in the bakery and confectionery industries, as well as in feed production. Amaranth protein in its amino-acid composition approaches the ideal protein. Amaranth protein concentrates are not inferior to soy ones. Leaves of amaranth of vegetable cultivars are used for preparing salads, soups, fried, baked, boiled and dried food products. The green mass of amaranth is a valuable feed for pigs, cattle and other animals rich in proteins and vitamins. Keywords: altitudinal zonation, highlands, foothills, photosynthesis, foliage, quality. GJSFR-D Classification: FOR Code: 070199 QualitativeCompositionofAmaranthPlantsDependingontheAltitudeZoneofMountainsandFoothills Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2020. Bekuzarova S. A., Kuznetsov, I. Yu. & Dzampaeva M. V. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... -
The Gradual Loss of African Indigenous Vegetables in Tropical America: a Review
The Gradual Loss of African Indigenous Vegetables in Tropical America: A Review 1 ,2 INA VANDEBROEK AND ROBERT VOEKS* 1The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, The Bronx, NY 10458, USA 2Department of Geography & the Environment, California State University—Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA 92832, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] Leaf vegetables and other edible greens are a crucial component of traditional diets in sub-Saharan Africa, used popularly in soups, sauces, and stews. In this review, we trace the trajectories of 12 prominent African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) in tropical America, in order to better understand the diffusion of their culinary and ethnobotanical uses by the African diaspora. The 12 AIVs were selected from African reference works and preliminary reports of their presence in the Americas. Given the importance of each of these vegetables in African diets, our working hypothesis was that the culinary traditions associated with these species would be continued in tropical America by Afro-descendant communities. However, a review of the historical and contemporary literature, and consultation with scholars, shows that the culinary uses of most of these vegetables have been gradually lost. Two noteworthy exceptions include okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and callaloo (Amaranthus viridis), although the latter is not the species used in Africa and callaloo has only risen to prominence in Jamaica since the 1960s. Nine of the 12 AIVs found refuge in the African- derived religions Candomblé and Santería, where they remain ritually important. In speculating why these AIVs did not survive in the diets of the New World African diaspora, one has to contemplate the sociocultural, economic, and environmental forces that have shaped—and continue to shape—these foodways and cuisines since the Atlantic slave trade. -
SPECIES L RESEARCH ARTICLE
SPECIES l RESEARCH ARTICLE Species Sexual systems, pollination 22(69), 2021 modes and fruiting ecology of three common herbaceous weeds, Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Ex Schult., Allmania nodiflora (L.) To Cite: Solomon Raju AJ, Mohini Rani S, Lakshminarayana G, R.Br. and Pupalia lappacea (L.) Venkata Ramana K. Sexual systems, pollination modes and fruiting ecology of three common herbaceous weeds, Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Ex Schult., Allmania nodiflora (L.) R.Br. and Juss. (Family Amaranthaceae: Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. (Family Amaranthaceae: Sub-family Amaranthoideae). Species, 2021, 22(69), 43-55 Sub-family Amaranthoideae) Author Affiliation: 1,2Department of Environmental Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India Solomon Raju AJ1, Mohini Rani S2, Lakshminarayana 3Department of Environmental Sciences, Gayathri Vidya Parishad College for Degree & P.G. Courses (Autonomous), G3, Venkata Ramana K4 M.V.P. Colony, Visakhapatnam 530 017, India 4Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India ABSTRACT Correspondent author: A.J. Solomon Raju, Mobile: 91-9866256682 Aerva lanata and Pupalia lappacea are perennial herbs while Allmania nodiflora is an Email:[email protected] annual herb. A. lanata is dioecious with bisexual and female plants while P. lappacea and A. nodiflora are hermaphroditic. In P. lappacea, the flowers are borne as triads Peer-Review History with one hermaphroditic fertile flower and two sterile flowers alternately along the Received: 25 December 2020 entire length of racemose inflorescence. A. lanata and A. nodiflora flowers are Reviewed & Revised: 26/December/2020 to 27/January/2021 nectariferous while P. lappacea flowers are nectarless. The hermaphroditic flowers of Accepted: 28 January 2021 Published: February 2021 A.