Future Recreational Development of Crater Lake National Park by Elwyn F. Mann
A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the School of Forestry Oregon State College
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science June 1940
Approved:
Professor of Forestry LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page in appendix !• Location of %h% Four Campiiramids •••*••»*»*****•#»* I 2, Oregon akyline trail ideation as4 Ideation
LIsT 0f Tables TabI B !• ?i0h Xiiberatod in Crata;r I»aUc^t W 3p«ci^a aiid Year* 3 g« yisL Planted In $%f««Mi During I9a9 •••«•«•»••*•».. 4
5# ttmr%X Duriuv; 1939 fey Cars an4 Peiple for .iach onth »««#«*#*#•**«**»#«*«#««#•##*•«««*#«#»•««« i g
4« Distribu&ion »f Ztf»v«4 a^ ta Origin •«#•#*»««»###«« 8
5# v/i.n*t^i* XI*?%T#X «*%•*•«**»*» H4«*»4«#««*«* •*#••«««•**» 7 . Cara|>«,;ruu.(«d Js« T>y ^onth and Y^ur *###*«#»«#«*#*«»«* ?• ?isl Igur^g for 1«39«193« »»##«««#*t#«##«t•**•# 9 TrairniX fey Year 3hoYriii^ fl Inc• -«a»o •*«•**•*•**••«•«-10 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
Introduction ...... 1
Chapter I—Crater Lake Park ...... 4 Natural Features ...... 4 Man-Made Changes ...... 7 Present Recreational Use ...... 10 Determination of Future Recreational Use ...... 14 Chapter II--Recreation Planning ...... 17 Park Service Policy ...... 17 Survey of Demands and Possibilities ...... 18
Chapter III—Recreation Development ...... 22 Present Summer Use Considerations...... 22
Future Summer Use Considerations...... 27 Present Winter Use Considerations ...... 29 Future winter use Considerations ...... 29 Summary ...... 31 Findings...... 31
Bibliography ...... 5 2
Appendix Future Recreational Development of Crater Lake National Park Introduction
The problem faced in this paper is to present an in- ventory and review of present conditions as they are at Crater Lake National Park and to these correlate past and present needs and demands, and to present ideas and changes that will need to be considered for the recreation plans of the area. Xli* pr00e^t Katioaal Park and r«o ration maTCmant in th9 United atst#s htm r#-a«fc#d a point wkmrn careful and ir^ t«lligent planni*ic Must be produced t^ jive t:ii# nation a program adequate to awet .the dlT^raified and. Inortaei^ nee&fc of ttoe people. (4} f< n§ad far national planning carries QY$V to otl^r Federal argtnei#n timt launt cousld^r recreatis^nf also to state, eounty9 eity> an4 prlvmte re- creation pragramg and ttttersoriwHN f&* lati^aal Park B^r^ vice has been trying t# help this eonditiaa ^iU givo tliaat dealing witli reeraati-n a feett#r uad^ratending of their ewa ^r«%l«mc aa well -aa t&§ relation to other rAcra^tional agenda* auid their develoi^aent and plain*
In 1936 > the B^parti^ant of the lnteriort tJirougli the national Park 3«rvica9 vas ampowfrtd. to caoparata with thd states on a pgn&ftii*nt ba«ia in r*latioo tu r«c--eation (6)* parki parkvay» and rte^aatiunal^a^^a study va« authorised *m a national seal? to obtain Information on existing facilities population ata bearing on the are&t and an inventory of potential area* (6}# 3tuelie« •* to tlie amount mid kind of use in eettnty and city recreation cen* ten hare t>ee& made* 3xpari&ents &r€* feeing carried out by national Park Servicet •¥&& a# on l^n Btertati&ft Demon* stration Artast whieh art larg# tracts of land tstabli^h^d and developed within r^a^e of population eantera to fulfill
outeta^diog reereatiou defieleneieen suoh aa pienicki.. f fiefeing, baatingt MMngi etc* One euoh area ia loeatiKt at 3il¥ir C3f€ek in Oregon* (10) Thus tie Katiaaal Park Serriea is bmilclimg up the background naetssary to m®#fe the -definite reapan^i'bility for the rtork in thin ^:;ecial field* the feroad Qfejecti^e "being to famlp meet te# ree^ea- tion m®&& of tlie paoplt throogliu^t the a&tidtt* Par& work nsder the ;;Htiorml ^arJfe s^rTiea is dealing with eonserration in itn feroad##t weatting^ rorteervation of natural rsaourcea and of humaa resourcet Ta oong-trve Uie natural riNioiureM of a Park artt tfee eoiwiltioaa sfco^ld b# left aa they originally weret without ebax^e* The intra- duetiaia af p^a^lt to enjoy a park neceesit^te© ma^^nadt iaiproT^wi-iatft o:r aco^sftodatloaet ai^i so ti-m mare people frequdiitiiig an a "$&# tfe« ^^rder it iu %o preaerre tii# ^atiAra.1 wild eanditi.ua* A plan ^ar #aeh area is tsstntiait taking into con** elderation tfce rarioue recreatlu^ial pi-asee throy.:hout the nation* the naturalness TI# is&an^saiide e]-;a:iu#s ne^eeeary for 3
UB®$ am the fundamental poXleiee of tl<.* imtitjumX i?artoi **!• TSutt the national P*rk», sau©t be &&iftt&ined in a,to~ aolutely «BiiftpiJLr#d foi*rt far tKt* u»e of future gwitratians as *#X1 m# tiios# of our ovt« 2# That fefe^y a;# »#t adide for tfce !•§•-• obaarratlon* lieaitli aad piaa#u.?f# of the peopXe* 3* Tixat tfc# n&tJUsml isttrest xsu^t diet -.te all d#- oisiona aifeetirig public ®t priT&te enterprise in ttoe PiMffce* # {1}
The text of tbi# paper ia n^t latended %B a plan to ga by fur future d^TelapEi^ntt^t hut aa a r^Tlew af ^res .nt eonditia-'i.e and IMmgi that m®& veXX fo^ takezi into eungidU$*» ration in any plcma oi1* future ieir#Xe|»#iit of Crater Lake l&tiofi&l Park if it is ^o o^nti^ru^ to grow and rm-mSn oim of the moat popular retresttes e^eters at tiia I^rt&west* 4 aM^pt^r I
CRATER LAi^. PAI^:
The Izmrntory of Usue i?a3* is covered in this chapter as* well as certain Information about otx*er recreation &r^a#» Th# p&yaieal description of the ar^n is eoT«.red# "both an to natural feature© and man-made eGauges* Tb« present reerea- tiomal wie iM tttwtl* aJUng with iaforxaati on such &* trends in papulati^.M and travel figures that aliaiULd giT# aaat in« die at ion of future uae are also icive^*
Crater ZA-:« r&rk in locat#d iji ^outii^im Qwmg®m un the Crest of tn# Gaseati^ Range abuut alxty mll-« from %h% southern border of %b& state. It wztbraaes an area of
250#52 square miles* QV 160f533 iirifi an4 was established as a Hati^iuxl Park "by an sot ef Gaajpr««i ,-iay 22> l»02 (3}« It i» acceselbl^ by mo tar highway froia 2'#4fordt s di^tm:ic0 ef about eighty mil#st fr-oai Klamath Fallef mbaut sixty* five i&ile&* aiKt fraiB T>«ndt abo«t oue hundred aiio^# The feapafrsj^y le quite ray^h nfid eleiration^ ra,ry drew 4§000 feet la a feigto af 3t938 fe#t» The Lali- itself i# set In %h+ cratar af .^n *xti&4t
Toleano (lSf 16} wt' <*' *reclpltatioxx ha» partly filled, resulting In a bo;iy t^f water uix miles acro&st alfacint SfOOO f
^?..u ciia^Tio d»*ri ?g the #iam:*jr s#..a.##jfit tflbki^^ ia must of Jun^ through part of 5eptoaber# ie Ye^y g^d #xe^ t far occasional ciauu*3ua# ^r tiAun:l»;^ sL^w^ir^. Very •&ldo£i is it too hat in ti^e $;.&de ar too t-**ol in %h% »MXI« The winter tiea&on is caldt with sufficient em®w for winter sparts fro,a aix tw ei^jiiw munche of the year* A miow depth of twelve feet ia »et at all uar^z^uon {3}^ TLe wre** cuv^r wf ti-e i\%rk la almost entirely af vir- gin forests* ^xcaat far a few square iii^ of puiaiea openings on ^lucli grows s^ant gvasa* Jbts^ mreas ar^ aut too dry ta support tre^ growth» tout ratl^ey ^o young in formation ti&at tr^as arc not j#6 esvablisliedt althuu^li s^m^ Ladc;opale ^taiids har^ worked into tdm ayma areaa far quitu m distance eren within the mstory vf the ar^a aa a Park* ISie mast exteneiTe #taada are of Ii#dg#fo3le pii*^ (Piqua £unrtorta)» aauntai^ He»Xoek ^rsug^ M®r%®&&iima>)§ and fir (AMas a^^ni.f 1 CiJ. gijafltenel^) »nd (A^t 4 large T^ri^ity of wild lift may b# »^#tit but], iarg# and i^^all &Q4 af #6¥8iit#^ii np#ei#a tlarta ar^ ^er^ car^^an* Tha motit Ci>^'^n and friet.dly ia tic little g9l4#n^smatl# graun4 squirruli th#s th« bXaek %#ar^ nay fe« ftt#n at tl^e f^#diiig pits at alas*;tit aEy i-^-e> u d U.«e jr*aac*rui*a d##r BT& gcoad.iozu-.liy e^ea* o^j^eiaiiy iii th« bea^u of a h«adXi;.:i*t \%Lil43 driving at ni£h%* Mar.aut#§ ;j»t>rcu^ia«4iJt c on^ya^ w0as#lst msrtaust r&b'bit*» efci|«iimlcat aM pins squirrel© are aeoa^iuii-vily ^^^n* Of fcfea l>ircl iif« Bar^i tiian 111 stp^eiUs i^ra bo^m pa^* itively idantified* (1) ?ii« »«at intare^tiri^ ar« the occasional golden an. tl.-a ##a4iit.rE b^ld #mgle^t and tha more caaeao-a ospraora a^Ki large rad»t-^.iled iiawks which |>lay about in ti-a variad air curr$&t$ aromid tfet paai^s* Crati^r Lstke io ao aaceapt-ion to a gruat many othar tonal Parka• for it& wealth af geological features that offer "beaaty for the visiting puMle a^d study for thai naturalists* ?or r#f#r#net« to th« gealo -.leal history and formtions of ^* e -'ark i;nd ^rutar» variola publicr^ionu .aro racojmand^df of which tboa* "^y J# 3# iilleri F# :;* ?2attfe4Hit ? and Bowell Williams are considered authoritative* The cliltf value arid attraction that mkog tlas area worth wiiile setting aside aa a i*ark :jr*d recreation eeator id the aeat&etie ralue* n#t only of &&e "blue lak#» tout of itsi magoltude* «4ittiiigt an4 auri*$undirig»* iMs its Lelyad by t&e chongia,*: colors r.ad the c«ixitru»&« uf tie reddi&fe bro^-m eliffft with th« riir^ou© si.acles uf blue in u^ Xt^et which elxan^e witfc ti*a tiaat of da^# wind jaav^u^nts on tim m .tert &ud 5i^ aUaaapi.^ric c^udition^* Th« Parfe is w#ll covered iritis a road oy^t«m» b^ttn ^f highways and a xtetworSt "of a«cwadary raadu fur protective m^a^ur#s# r£hm:% ar# a lifella aore t^M) eeventy«*five asil^a of veil kept^up hii^ poasibia to tba crater wa.il (3)* Humaroat tMrnauta ar# provided at t&e viewpaiute> botb alan^ zhu rim drive a 4 along tlxe eatrance dri¥^s# The %}.i& hu^ar^d ttilea of ^cw> dary roada or j-rotect»i^a aiotorw&ya cu?^r tbe park «u ti^at the walking did&^,nee %o i-any area is II-J% ore:' t\/o and ane half ta three mllm* Foot trails are quit# limite&# a^ a total of only about twanty sailea are provided; \*Ke cuet iiu^ort^ac b^,5 .g the ene from the rim Tillage to the lake »l.oref the ene east fra^ tbe rij» villa;-a to tke top of darfield paak» and thu trai^ ^ ta tl^e tvsro fire lookvute» The ^atctonaa and life* Scott# a Ho lwrs© trails aro >rtv>vi ? rh#ro ajNI four camp^roundii X-JC^VOJ ..xthin t--« al^omi Tjy red ink an Figure i# ad tli^y cover a fcatal of about twtnty ftettftt flM Xa;*g«i»t i*ad "best i« iu ela^e proximity la th# rim at lilt rim villrig* and i« proTided with parkimg facilities far sixtj ears Mid forty trailers# cww fifty tabltii and firtplaota* a^d ttote buil- dings irltii vssl ire *-:*d tuii#t faeiliti^^t of wiaeh two 1»T6 hot sfcow*rs (2)• tbe greatest conesntration of W*« Park gor«rai^nt re Xoeatsd abauttw^ ailas by raa4 ^elaw fcfe# rin as ahenm In fiflUPt 1« The evnai^t of tratioa tuild. ig§ Leader 3urr4taryf tauJthousSi ^ou^et ^u» staticnt fii*« ].;*llt ga^<;*9* shop storage slxei and rssiii«nc*^* Th»«e along iritli residue &$ a^^ lac at #4 an an can b# sets on figure l» A S2&all Information bu^idin^ is Xocats4 on the rill Just wstt of tLe loclg«# ati4 Ju^t "b&luw It 4ud located in tht e?&ter rim in %h% Siniiatt ^smoriai. used for displays# and L g ^fc^ring plae^ f^r Tisitar^ wfea wish to Xeeturss about tfe« history and geological formations of UM g fwo fire lookouts Eft situated within ik* Park; f&a \Vatei^*ax\f immediately on t&e w##t rim of fc&s e**$e* w&li# and Mt# &c*ott» the hi&h p®Bk about a mile b&&k ir and Park headquarter* ar$-t0* An efficient sewer system it provided* Telephone* telegraph* and pout office fae&iltiej ara fcir&ii&ble at 2&rk headquarter* a':d tsle -hones art- lo- cated at the Lod^e and all Ranger Stations in the Park* Another consideration among man influenced changes is the presence of fisli in Crater Lake* as there were origin* ally no fish fcfcere* The first few v/ere planted in ia*Vi» but after that plantings w^ra rara until tlMI lake wag ea~ tabli3h€d as a Sttlonftl Park (d)< Siiie^ 1910* ltS29t ^00 fish have been liberat,€d in Srfee l&Ae§ as gif^n by year and by mp^ci^t in faMe 1 C Ij * ?fee streiim fishing bus been greatly i^prarM during the pa&t ten years by jjlantir*£ of brook and raimbot? traut* About twenty-fire of tfce P*>fe gtresm have been planted with 632f385 fish during the years frcin 1931 through 1V39 with the «ea2tion of 1954* Tav-le 2 shovs the planting© for 1939t which is a ^ood repres^ntatlTe ^ear {?}• file trum! through Crater Lfike la-tional Park is rougl&ly diTiclea in^o the &\m^r aem#onf l^i»g in d&y* Jun^t July» \u .uot# ,>e^ta^barf Q$%ul}%r *m wa^ 830t411v which in broken up by aoaths and ears in 11 Table 5i 92% duri ig x&* ^umm^v mmon$ leaving only 8?S far . winter wfcaso^ travels A classification of suaaer travel by are&& ti*at tL« >eopl# came fram si^w* in ?&ble 4 tl&t • -.,.. ' were froxtt Origan* 49; i from tfce rest of t/r.e united w«g and #?/,• 'wtrt fram oth^r cwuntrieat Crater I^vie national Park Is one of the two major da- v^lopai^ntt In wintetf ^r^rtu iu*ms in Or<*^;on# i ad over 16f000 tuojc: part d»ri»g tfet 1959 sea&on. ?ht winter sea- gon viaitora ®k^® claasifiedi by IJ^« Park S^rTio^ aa to wl^fther they coma far slater *^©rt»i g^ri^ral (to sea the Xak^ and winter »€ •ii#ry}t ^r Ju^t pa^^ir*^- tkraugii tiie ?«rk. Tfc©s# . i re 0miy available far 1933 aad 1939, ai giv^n iiA ; . u 5i Of the amii&bits t«vtl#jj«*iitii %h» G$mpgrom&% art vary exteaiivttly ut#d iM q,uite e^m^l«v# r®€Qr%l& art- xiabl# aa to- tfc*ir utef as Table 6 &hm®* Bo r#€ard# art known for 3ei>twfl»er of tb« last ture« y#ar#? ^^ 1 feaire put In *»tim&&gd figures vaich are av«ra, ej» t?tki .. ii^to c^*;di«leru- tion ti-e ^a»t tt»6 -burins S^pteubar aivi tlat ye rly i^c -e^^e^ in eampi^. • .hu» i»7?& u##l th^ ca&p growidtt auring 1959t witfc %h% gr#at#*t UUJ duri « July :^4 August, tilt iJark i>jn*r.vtgrf* d«v*3i0|ai«at»« wbieii include tk# ii rafet^riat uvdmijjbt tabia|t a.vi bot»tg an 63 e lafee w*r« all p,\^roni*s?d ti^uujb^ut tb^j ##a^aof v;liiefa id from the first; part of Jun« fe^ tl» middle af Septeiabtr, I obtained m fignref on atteacinnce* except U;at launch trips on the L;:>.k«^ nu^bertd «ixty««i^t und lfO3O ptorda to^k 12 part (8)* th% most u. .?-?iiI in t-- B ?&.tk is thM 1*6 mil* iMk® trail; 3*561 p&9pl« &ad« t&e If If in 1939 • Ot-hmr w«ll~,*ae , e to t;-.« to,;- ©f Oarfield-, VIMJNI Inlandt 1 "•-£- •;nt a-4 ^t* jc^rt la^aut^* r^arly 3^000 v®o>)ie climbed cb« mile^long trail tc ?fc# W^tclniaiH aid tli^htly ortr 100 cllmt?«id the t^o ; 4 on -hJLf -jilt trail tn tit t«p of .v, £h* short Batttf^ trail '%y Pm'A H^iadquart^re wot u^^d by 142 dari t 39 { I)* r&* two gk| trolltt from, ~lm TilLa^e araa to • dquart^ra mrta m?# quit* tEt^nairely u«^d 4yri ^ fefe# winter* Of tit R^age? eoflKlucted tri a, wbloli included Auto YaB&t liikir^ tirip»| l^uncfc tri^s 9m4 c mera. i*i th^re wtre a tetal of 139* in Tfcleh 3#310 p#opl& t&tik pmx% {S}* Th® atttn i i of t o tftttrinrti al stations at tlv mm§ t. atMltt :f^!aoriai an-' the Xn~ < formtlaj) buiidlEgi wss 50f440 tm& 3St#S f ras?BetiT#Xy# Otlitr ¥• luaTat rter^ativiial ap^on.ualti#s art offered to Tlftittur* ip tfc« irarluu^ leeturtu- that er# pr^s«nted W tiio Park B »r« ©a Tariaue »u%j«ctf$ of int#r#at pertaining to UMI . i .;y«««T«n taXka were pr*&ent6di to 5fi»l peoplt at ti.-f co-^runity hoiita aad 101 l«f?tuFe» had an at* tendance of 10f369 p^orlo at t^:e lod-:^ (8)« 13*954 people took adv. I . g«>lo:,icr;l fenMtttos «xpl^nfttion at the 8i» ott I9?ial during the 1939 soaaon. u Tbe tithing in tke Park h&$ prav# Is ia#esa*&ry# rfce gtxvaa fifthly Is ^oomars aa4 i^r# alaag thi« lim#f li«ii#*t wliieli tiit Forest service ferns § octroi of mast of ti^ Sautlaern Oregon Caacadea* flie three largest ar-*d ^t^t developed Forest Camj^i in ti*# *a Ca cjtiec: %:F#I Wiion Cr^^k esisp>grouad vid risort* Disaaad L^k^ %f^m tad rfesort* and Lak# of %h% Wao4^ -irta with its €»pgryuECiaf ti»WB#r IMBS#* sites a^4 ra&ort* riiert ^ra about twenty improved Foros^ Caiaps within ten milm of t^e JPai^i ^«>stly to tbe veitt a:id »outiiW0«tt altho i e s^e located %& ti.e southeast of the ?a*k« A* on i-*hal'f t::e travel in rtativ;;Jl in scapt# and ittiell af thii* In of tourieta wiia ^a3e^ IJa^ir vaoatian a long elr- cult taking in aa .^ny af tl-e national nrkn ^i\ /anuai^vita ag possible« %h4 9%l ey ;hc i • visited should eaeli ^e coa^ aid.ar^4 a unit alon£ wi;. itef ^al:a in a long circuit, of recreational local!tiv*a* Ti;i#s# Kational .Pmris along the 14 P&sifie Coast* starting in ffMbiagton* art i&unt Oly^pu* and iforunt Kainier national Varies* then sautli into CedLifor* ni& art Lfcs$*a Volcanic K&tivmal i/ark* Yos&aite* Seiiera! Gr&at .a^i aequola .national Parka* as well aa aboat ten £ationaX ifoniwwmts seat^ored throughout te#a^ tfcra^ itattt« Tlit recreation phns® In «vtn larger ttan Matiaiml in scope if all the Sf&tional Park units art eonsidtr^df an Heunt MeKiiiXey National Park li in Alas&a sM the Hawaii Kati0aal Park ie in cii# Territory of Hawaii* The state recreatio.-'i pragraa is not vevy expensive in tlia eautfcw^st interior of Oregon as only altirtE lireaa are prorided and ma t of tlMMie are wayside turnouts •» view- points (2) j the only mr%% of any ni&# is C? >y State ?ari:f a eampgrotmd &n4 jicnic area of eighty a^res along tlia Crater .La>ve ^ti^ay about five alles Barlia of Trail* or about halfway toetwma M#dford aM Crat#r I^ake. Appraxi- mat^ly three tl.-Ouna-td people MMA(« uea of this park per year (2)# ICTJK ISATIOU OF FUrj 3 RSORfiAtlOB Ud; Xlie trends of past travel iato Cr^t#r I*ake Park h^re giren a steady inereaee in irimitare Bf%r since tiid area vac aade a Satioaal Park. *M» is ^iv#n fey omra and people sinee 1930f with tfef 1920 %nd 1910 figurts also included* and the percent Increase in alma *;iven in Tabla 8* In faille 6 the increase in camping pmt ymr slue-- 1932 caB be se^n* Although figures are n-t arail^b e to tell &%out the 15 other rtcreatJU&al development** t&«£* use te&& apparently d in. close relationship with, the timber of The lacr»as$d jM9jBi&ati0»f bath n^tiwial «*ndt nore in- ifcat local to southern Qregont ]b*s i.al^dd t3Ni ia~ erea&e of reersatitm use »f tte fatfe*. Xhe pufmlatAaa of Oregon now in 1940 eaa lie ®atimattct fytei U* 3# eermim grapta to be float to l§lOOr0QQt of an. iaereaee of |i ( av#r 1930» xaid saiithera Oregoa ha* increatad a bit faster tfeaa tlie ayearag© far tlit ^hole utmte gh* to fcke in€reaa€d trartl arid ti*« $r®bi.°&l% increasing of Tiaitora is tiis tread that iiaa giren a a taMard of living with m** leisure tist and tunities b® take extended vaemtteiis* The gSB^ral effect of tfca world's war ecmditiae will stop magt af tiie foreign travel to our Parkst but a large aat&^e ©f the Aa^rieaiui ^h# usually vacation abroad be ciiirari&cl to a vacation in this country with the National Parks ad un® of the &&in attitweti^as* The highways that rtaeh to unU tiiraughuut Crater Laka Park have alao been a major factor in Increagiog fcravalt as moat of it eoiwi by auto* rh« Wlliaastte ?&*& Mgteay to this nuaa^r will of far a 4irtet Linkway r^ttte fram to %hM JD&lles«CaliforrAl^ MgVm^j$ which makee a great improvement and efcurt*»cut in rf^eMnj the Park from the northwest part of the state* The continuation of the present surveyed higtwuy r.'Mte from .Diamond La^ce to tlm Willaastts Fass hijlway vill ^T:n fiartfe** ii#l$ to 10 tha travel aa tlxia will J1Y« t&* e&niast to drire hi^hvaw from *wr threat to e^utLorn Oregon fting right thrauc;h Crater L&k# ?ar&# Ifee afcort eut road frua ti.e Crat#r Lake Hi^hv.ay at Trail to II* 5* 99 at Caayottvilii It i^raved tnau^ ao% for trav«l» a.i-J ti4» r^ut# $irm a aaTin,; of V fifty milea far those tomr.1 ta tfc« ;/uiv: frara wfea would ou^raria* go "&$> way or Madford# Tha For- est 3erfic^ aoif has a road #&tt frou Eo&t&urg ta tkt ;Dia- ma^d Lfck* ae#a# which altfe#ugli a T-^ry uaiaprovad road now in ploc^sit offers a nmeh m0ir# di^et r^uta la tlit Crater Lake Park,* Th« added effect of ail tlita® cau^^i »iiwuld at i^a^t hold tfca Grater &*2s« travel t^ its pytatat at-mlardt but HO - li tXy a gr ata» p#f««afaga iaer^as^ in travel oc^'ur toari ti# ?agr^ haa ^uj^yed in thn 1? Chapter II •jATiosf nMoam This ch. pter lo a surrey *f feits recre&tiaa possibilities or wli&t would be poeai^Xe to d >vslop v1? give li}grsmse& e«B* sideration in fe&s xmwmktlmm £$«!&# SINMB ti-^u&U #^e ide&s would not seen ^0 fit into Ui* ?ark ^ra^a^if ft«p#elaiiy as set up by present standard* arid pi>JLiei«i*# Jhf fuMio do- saand fur tiie various typ#s af vMrsatlMtsJL adYaata^es 1* discussed along with tt^€ possibility f^r #ne& d^irciaimant ta- try and get some ••yre&*%l«a bdtet n Uve tea* wLlr,h An a basis to foliar, out ®>m of ti*e fwida*r*atal ftMfc service peXielee* PAHK 3HCfI€S POLICY rhee^ fwdumental aalicitv v;2:icii r*uve baen fQlla^d-d aine^i tlief were set claim fey tlit 3#^ratary af tfc# I^ttriar in 1918 ar*.- isrritte-i out on pagt •Witii ragaard %Q %'ls »teitalent In tL# policy cane^rnin^ practice slopes a ^d dwcxihill ruaaf dle&rin^a iavclvi I cutting of a larg«* umath thrw^ic ti-& ir##a will not foe pamitted* Ot&er than a few short; practice &lQpm$ curving trails t.Jteiing adraattk;*' it *&• terrain and exlati-;g forest eorti* art de&ir&ble» "ih0 30rrie0 it op^Q8«»d (N ski Jiilp» req^iriae; par- maxitant tr^tla ??ark# rhara au^f &a plaetst how^Te 't «re at-u2i^*trork c^uid INI "bull; *p ivr lalMNOfft ^kicfet with a aio&ll :&£aount af ;4^iitiii,;f would fit into lha at tha elaae of &k0 mlnt^r atftsoa am Ifca mast dasirabla,»•••• TJ^a F$regt je^Tice raoraatioc pl^iw far l&a aoutli ua^* tral part of tL^ »taw» a:Ki U^aa a- &J;a stata pro,;r*aa should ba anr«ilabla an4 un(l#r^to^d# With aooparation i... aaaaiAaratioa of vfatst planet a isar# c^aylat** nyyt^m ean t>s aet up for the paaj&#« Likairia^ tUa Crater I^aka plaxif fitting in v;itii ti;>3 .(a^i^aai Masttr :.at nation yiaii h^al^a to bnlttnca u^t tr-a CMNMli ivor recroutiaa Uirvujiivut tLa llUtii SIK^T 0? BH)I4^3 .4KD /OJSl^I^lTI Thara are aliwat u&limitad ^t^iiMlitisa far davalop* m#nt of raeraatiwn Is t^a Park ai ralativaly littl# lm^ baan doiit a^d c-e araa is larga ^nou,.,li to furnish aeeom- mod'abititm £>*£ a^ msjoy aa witii* to Cw£ie# riannxrig faf the devalejpad ela^s af arta ®r placa» «l*jpa tht concantratiun of paa£ia vili h® axp^ctad* naada fixing UJ ta matt tlia da.i-aand9 ; a ^«op.lo .-i-.o tiinL to »pan4 #0110 time away from ka^ua y^i uot give up mty mart of tfeeir ba^# e&nvttuianea* than ia nacoaaary* la National Park* &uch areaa ahould be limited in nus&er and aisa to no »ara than ia .necessary for 19 tiieir d«/fl&nd« The rim village a»e* a«rrea tMs purjMi** at Crater Lake although WMf MsrwUaiml foeilltlea are not jrrailabls that §iftt& aa arsa should pravi&e* Demands in tfcis area for apart® features including & softball fl^ldt termis eourii§t swisaAng IMM&ji archery course and hurehoe e-twHt should 1>« MHi Thtre is nead far a r«cr«ation building to take caf^ af Um adult recreation rtquir4M0^t## #uefe a# for daiicin^f pa^tittp Indoar gam#&* or a gmtfetrisg plac# far t&t Emnger lectures or a plaee to »goiid th« tlJM on a bad day* Yialtor* aad tkaa« warkir^g la the Park wuuld wtleamt s^efe a ££*•• for y^ar ara^id ut## A Ttry ^ara need pertains to tim oikhin fseiliti^t fur the us»e af tl&^ve who do not care for camping out ar ta 0tay in %lm ledge« 9HMM «ttM»i» &r# fiNlfi4tif feyi they ar# iE&da- quat^ both frem a Quality mud Ittaatity staMpaint* fhe deveXop.'aentifor Ihe rancentratad a^eaa need to "be planned for the peels loads or the tiiae wi.en the ^o»t p .-ople frequent thea* flit he^Tiest travel MentLt art July and August and during the ^«tk#Bi« and 2»Mday®# It it the Xvcal or Origan Tinitars t-at ferirtg Itame high peske an ve^eM and holia^ys to tail the present facilities t» a A regular ranger ^ta%i^.n aeedi to be pl**m*4 far t!4» area as a^ adequate piact to house whoever It in eSuurgt aB4 as a central poir.t wbeve Kelp or information can be obtained* A first aid station is ee&neetieft witJi tMs derelepMRit would be iB erd^r* 20 The picnic and campground areas need consideration so th*t tLey nay b€ increased to fill U • fatura rum^&s for grtatar u#e* The lodge eituatioa neede looking intoi the structure as It now stande ^ilX mm&t or lat$r b€ inadequate and siore additions to &ucl\ an old »t3fU0twP« would -pro&afely not b« the solution* Winter sparts and other winter US&B ne«d a program* 3ufflei«nt 0Tarni::ht facilities and ap«ned*up roads to Bora a^d "better ski &?*&& will very soon n^^d ti ba e«aw nid^red if ttk« demand im-or#%^as at the rate now indicated* :riii^ht ea^in^ aoci tlit r^eraatl^n hall wauld toe ld^aX to help talc^ cart of the wiat*r eporte j^rograi&# The fiaMu^r program is well t Jcen eu^e of by a ,4^n that has proven quite eatlefmetory and vil *. pro^b^bly con- tinue to provide Gondltlo^id eo that UMI fidherawiB may expect the t>eiit fifhiug f#e»tM*# Plonninc; f^r the ii^rt grimi%iY& type areat wMeh i«- eludes most of the Paris; atf&y from %m crater « J.1 a.id tlie Headquarter* area# should t#e ti.at reer^atian deTeloj^ment is kept to a lolalisum 0f the demaiide v;iiioh e&a fee aet to a large extent by foot and horse trails• i<h tlie oecaeional use ef fe&t protection aystam of roaclgf a^id a ftw scattered shelter eabina# plan far ®utb. areas would Ism §0110 icier ad in a *clen-. tifie elaee (are&a where wildlife> geologieal, l>otimical 82. or srehealo^ieal l&t«raats pr«4omlna^«) ahuuld prwrldt* for the I#asl poasibie d©T«Xopjaa it that will allow far study ar a Gtapter III This chapter h»* ta di wl%& th* imtwm tiwrjlQp&mt* la fcfeii ' • 1 ";eiitT0 mhoyud be seriously c~»&ideceKl before th«y ars either §*t in & plan to be dafi.vl'isly cmr~ yl»4 out or U r$wm way &# impractical* Hit $4irlsldm$ ar« AS ta st»mar imd vlslwr u@ejf anrt tfeea Hqr d^Tslap^^nt ti;at n^eds IsuftlMliiktf eutt*iJit?r&tion nn4 :i*relQ?ra-mt th ,~t tiiuuld eaj§^ u ' p e ^^ideratian -at 0-:^ incl€fii*lte latar date* TJto cmittideratlons for d«vdloj3sa^rxts» to b^ looked tul© now &it® trails* picnic a #ft> chw^i^und^j cvM.i»i 9t rim Tillage i*iNll«pi^.mif and a 3laris The tv^nty^di^ trail ft^S^i® L®T® It wry , .* and does not h^id u> &he general public canct^ti^a t. at :-Uiti*mJ, FawrkB offer a Tast n«t^orlt of trails* fh» :J* §« f#lf*#t Qtryict has a haaklet ^ubli^b^d in Itf^y thut shawg the ^apiptd ioc./fciai of t&« Ore^v-u /iicyliua Xrail throu^ho^t th$ length of tl,e Oregon Caac&daa (1?) and on a »ecti^r, af tii^ ^MfcP (»e^l# |» 5 1 mil#) feh# location of thi5 trr^lX through Crater Jj&ka i& m,®mn$ liowev«r th* Bark liaa nevt-r prairidM a ported route ^J»ougb the ar«a# ?i/jur# 2 shown what Sg pTO"br:My t):« best rauta throwih tik& Pmrk (^bout th« tt&nft ai giren In tv 0 ?oraat a«rri#« map) ar> It in r*,v/ay fron tie way^t only e WMiIng ^^sa tvice9 within a very ttfeert side trip of tfee Irika ifcaelf* and the route g:011^ V' t&* Annie 3??in a Clm&Um -H.-jtio.it *?hi«h ^i^ts ai of ielnl p-.-..^:< j©rrie« 8* tiea fee il«i •&« Mi ii tf si » * ute follow old roads as*S protection i^ateraraya* v»xy lit tin uil vr.mld na«54 to bt V-iilt} only t&# proper ^lac^aent of »iga«# Otivar trail deTelojaa-jnt viuM fee ^UKI# eontiiiittttioa of tli# eratar ipia t^all* a^ it $nd$ abo. t a nii« wast frg^i the s • i viliivjo HHi at tfe« to:* >^ O-rfl^id NNdK t-j feht u&utm A Irmil cm arotmd t),a w#^t riu to Iiao r;o«.k v^oulci %t aa^y to construct* stari-c rlvio@t inpt^dl^vely on tl i crater afi;je mo*t of tl;# way an^T only o^iiag in contact witl: tha highway mt three Tiewooi,i.t^# tn %h% other direction a trail con- tinuing on twm tlit i#p of Sarfiald Ptak to Hie taps of Appl*$^t# aM Buttan ^i>aiu ;^ Ji« &u interesting &Lort trip^ fh« ffta^iMlity af i trail f#f u say» ^lou^ t-e 3t«ki Bl^rcm liji* both direction* fram tit bo^t lauidi^e sfcoidd !>« look ad into* Aromd %m we^t siiartline tiiere ie arable roos far trail Gliding ^s far as tfce S€Tilf0 Bftekt>on« a»# a!&a to ;Uagl# ?oiat lu the #t&«v dir^ctiouf aM 0El^ a f«w ^^alX point® jutting into tl.d lake ^ouM offtr aay difficulty^ ?li# ptaotic^l candid-ration nould be dot#r^ined in haw wtll a trail could »l»a4 UMi winter.! l&k& stores ttkA tlia anow ftlids« of tlv« ©ratsr vall« (Hii«3f trails to tha la Ice could easily be constructed on the Bortk #ide of l&e lalre at either ar both Claetwaad Cav^i or tfeci Wla^glWNlt Ttere i« le^a wnvtic^l dittanee ta 24 the ate* there "by 400 feet* mid th<* »ua Iseeps tiv-> n^rth wall cle&r of gnaw t^o ar three month* laager per year * at the present trail l9s*t&ttft* Al#u SJI« liniiiag i** u****ully better along IM aarwi *uore ti*&a «-JL b* »#ntii 01? w**t afaartliatiii* rfl4«r« art way trails B#w t^at fal^av. ., %® the shoreline mt eaaii of ia« propa#^ci liitli«i»i but in their present cca-ditiane fefcey (W?t riot »ale to v^ 1 e* mark far p^feile uae« Far ridiiig iit/rsef for iiirt* is ^iia imrkt ^uit^blc- o%thj® could ^&isiiy toa proTxddd« A my^^m uf eigmii eami »##ii lead a ridert OT^I* very little n#w trail eaastruetioat to the S*&rk a^te^rk ef old ab^Bdoasa ra^d# and ^roi motorways ^iiieh a^1^ ideaX feridl^ ^stii» atid 1^*^4 to m»«t afiyw&ere ir* the Park# YM§ ,^r#ark ef m-wtor^aye is u^^wu an Figure E# The use af tfee protectiaa raads for recreatxautal driving sfca'ald ^e largely r^ttriufcea ta e#ytsi^ ax^^^§ and these a^eas anly ta t:.os / w&e havt ti^ i^wt'^^t ta a^ly at the Bmig#^ of fie® f«* a permit j however f 1 thi^ik UNI Uiiiaa Peak trip should be giTan m€»r^ attestion# The need for small pieuic B$Q%U QT places i« aiap and eat luach are sadly E^glee^ecit e«j?^eially aa around rial driv®* 1 am raftrriag tw s&t&ll dev^lopia^aits adjae^nt to the highwayt yet iiiddtn fra© it 'by $h# topograpl^r ar vegetation^ where one to three ragtio type tables with benches mnd a refuse container is placsdf but no esmp a;r oooking fire allwed and at maat of t&#i% a#t even waiter* m A 530& eatnr^pld of a ;\laod far sue!" dev^lo;wer.t i« loe^tftd "by the fivtt lookout ^oint on *h$ w^st rim drive afeout a mile tr er yolnta ^h-n J ouch d^valo^iynuta //aid fit ia yitl the v>hyaic 1 dur3ro'j^dl'..> ,i V < nm&& of item jeaol^ are IKN- .; • 3 i fatchar**.n a:south @&trauieet probaMy wauld sot l«l ^siss* Tlie prea-wv aot*u;> of c ^ip^r^uiidu so mu ti> \r^II fit 9 tfe« public * ^eeds in l^cnti^at itApray&Q&ntut and *i*&$ except tiio stt« in th# rim villa^o airta mhir-li i.e^ia aona tlilargeme.it tit handle pa^-J: la^da* TJ» OT^raiolit cabins art taltt inKiiequate as to quality ia Ttoth apj«^raaco a*id t'wavoni^icasj -,lsa th*» number is li&.'*dly tuffiei^nt to aceon&adat^ %l a aur/jal au*fner t:ra¥$l# A oom^l^t* .; of 25 t& 30 »>4^rn cabtn« ia n^^ded; tli# pr^^aat g#ji«3^1 X^c-xZl^n e ,uid nuffioo althau^Ji ao^^iat A b#tt;a3* a»?a^| b of ^uildingt Is ntetstary from a land* •ft&piag angl^ if notliin-s nltd« 26 & nw r 0 k&B XII"C3 : Oil ac$e8HMNl&tlOJ -. afc r :"-ist lour • hm$ fire places and a s&i wsaci. stu A location cl.^-se to Uio f&$t o^T t:^ e«f#t«ria Is prt^mfeiy oa& of the iKiftt plae^e fi ! a hmlli bsi.% conveuitfut to th« #amp grottwlt eaMni, as4 parJciiag urea vliieU foul | 8#1B ' ft •noujrh tlst • ri&® f,>ot trails '^or Ttry fl» id tripsy I % fcipiii i if t • it* i m tkf lit tit r» ."Oasart Con^t Coir-- al MI to •• BIMA«UII of anotj canrtr^tr&itd area V4i#$sfc/*t of cabin** ' .c**t K«i«s«? Statist 1;;- !>Xitl»» U *f4 In Las tat* in i b too far i 'atura a r.an^u? :>i*>ti*m at tt 7t» Vi3 Hi "h% m m#ea0#lty# i 1 ie* ^ioB r ' M •::• ol ^ - ^tativa kail 1 mi tMi lac-^tioa li el*#« to &r uivltie© 1 • it In 3d 8Mttiti*f O: na*4 far % . . rafficitnt inc?daau Eaaig^r Jtatian an Ui« I#ii • 1 , ;4ar7. rlt] .->ia i til Uit • • >®l bo . fell *%WB I )UQ . . Io0s on th« ri rt?y tei«nt jatral 1 b eaula ." 1 rii» ^:ra»oint la;ige buil;li,:^ c\nft Ir.st 'crever> . I t&t io-oner tl,e 1 ; I ..im^ilkf et 1 it rsaordd# the - t it Till eaaat t© nmx %h* . : that &?**&# T .ion for a ?;e> lcd^« to >: t-:e t^ulrf h% in |fc« I01, point at *tin*on V^aiey, and mt ^w,cic fr^- | pf rim far a *tAl! iMrtWMMi^ I ver building t:.aa f*8fHt .. || Wt6 Hag I I fTQM %h iQW pftint Of thir ria i^ijued to fit lli« contour of ^round and t2M& laeationa^ etuM fea mdt I a . v«iy attracttiv* derelopar. %;i .. oh, This location i$ alto further ranortd* 1 . i mid- % topographic featttrfts* frsm $&e c%mx X &nd ol. s >ivt* uit# • i [ @« •^ory n0n ^tcc t Ilimt fefeey a^a li^.ltad to 40 fta ;li# • i »a:n« a^ooafr^odntiv>a» to ha^aie I r©*i o?r f ^r tia&a i i^any. w>iUld b^ •xtror.aly Teleo^e arid sfc 1 u\k-a can* of tb» tr*Ttl • " int%t • !>• fflTi i#i4*f h \n m%% Bki coral ig ^o of an a*tm wiMA tin* ^nc- " . •;§• Tha ' to t»l |j .' ^uiiefjiag • »n«pi 1 winter nm 0^ art t-« Mert »M trail* nee*! 60 ease ^ith :^ar« ilciars* wltli a very lwrge Inr- 1 in afcl«ry a demaad will eosa& for ilm road to ^0 o?^n#d to tier 0^4 :ilo^e&t whlefe vo-uld l**gi- ©ally lead t€ ';: 3 eloiMMi »f Bil^Ui eaEtenti the «lope& of 1 tcfemju StXlsan Pmk of the beet e&littg In the ftp*-* M #B V % uuetham*% e!4e it t bare of -;rc§a^ Tari^us d* '4 elepe are ^re* ien%«d» e-ad ski ntai of or^rr ®m**h&lf ?ille CCIB tm ma , ac ?Ms itytlw^ ;j b .wui rtq ty« a lit le i,jre than f^^r aii.X i fcfet rim road to fct 3c$pt open* a p • d&g apac® (aithtr tk« arts "b3t\\«ai; flw .V^trliii^1 :s id lUllmn QC %~ i v&# an feh* klfl 3 th% m M - • tftp-i ^i^^ of Eill^aii) far «. .._,/ ^a fed *tcco.i «si »i e^itii "^ ovaaad ^aon^r 1« i s #priii..;,* iaiii ti^ft i;* ii&i Cuture ii any tie pr^etle^l to a^^ii L&cr#a^i ^.i^fctr iraf^X v.ill also *varrant %h* op#aiBg oiT Uuk Iwu.. .•» oaW-fe itiid c^fet«':'ia f*£&Xltltft« 1 ill &lw. (in - • iguX^r i,aiy but n.#r¥;ic8 i I attt ^.rfe» 31 SUMMARY FINDINGS Crater Lake National Park is provided with the physi- cal features and natural wonders to properly make it worthy of setting aside as a conservation area of national import tance. The national prominence is being born out by the findings that one-half the visitors it attracts are from states other than Oregon. The physical developments are small in relation to what is possible to develop, however they now suffice in some respects, and in others the de- velopments are deficient but on the whole they are quite suitable for present use. The public use of the Park is increasing 30% per year, and so suitable plans are necessary to provide the develop- ment to fit the increasing use as findings indicate that it will probably continue to increase. The plans for this development need to be cooperative on a nationaI scope, blend in with the plans of other agencies, and the master plan of the Park Service. The conclusion is that for the most efficient and satisfactory method of working out the recreation problem, a recreation plan should be prepared with a definite line of action to follow, yet flexible enough to adjust to un- foreseen complications and changes. The data for this should be an assemblance of all the demand factors 32 correlated as to their practical value, f undamental policies of Ilii agency involved, and the cooperation with the plans of the other agencies. My recommendation is that a more complete list of possible future developments be assembled for considera- tion or at least these in this paper be given considera- tion in a recreation plan for Crater Lake National Park. 63 1* XfeaTitt* I*f## Crouch* J* Carlialtf* :^^^r genual.* Crattr LgJfca ^atiaft^X j|kt United 3tat$& Parlc "swVi'ce, Iflli 102 pp* ' 2# State Park Q®mmimlm of Oregtm* Oregoa Pjffkjj* Hecr%a«» Uu^al %e§& 8&$ ?aeiliti.^f» State of Wegon Prraiiu^TiTici*, Dec*ab*r 21t XV33« 111 99« 3# United St*itt» national Park 3&rrie*f grater .L^,^ l&tiaxx.gil garfct ¥it&«liinu.toat BtC* UnfVeS Sta^ea S"av"erM»n¥ ^riatliis Offiee# 1939* 30 .pp* 4» linlte 6« waited £it^&es H,vtiunal Park aervic^i, Praegdur.^ for <>a:ric» Parfa-€.t; t ;ia Ivecreatiotial ,irea r4tuay» #a#b.lngton# D*C#t United iit&tes ?natitti Offic«# 1937. 5S pp# 7# Orouefef J. Carligl0# Fljh. .^iM|l.gr ^;»m 7141 UnpaMidiiadf Crater Lake Hatioaa£rTaW'Taiig^rTTl%»& Crater Lake aational1J Park'1'iiwiiiSr S^XISe# 9# Holler9 Arthur I)* A Crja-ejl. Gffljua f^.-r; fT^.t^r .LatKne# l^;>ji» Mature iTotee XI»wA.u^# 193-u 10 * Uaited States Katiai^l Park Qwfice$ 4B Inyit»tioa jto g^ey ll.jp; .^t^g» \-?a0liingtoi3i D»C*§ TJniTed Stulei* flor- ernciont Printing Office $ 1939* 8 p'p* 11# aQlo&tttt» Julian iU$ Oxg^iiizml 0^^ in Otatt I;ark|» United jt--.,be$ Oavernm^ai ? TTr/tTn^^fHci7" ^ aS^^e t on § B#C«i 1»,;6» 15 pp# 13t United Jtates ForasT t Service > ffogffiAJ* v3^rTie a l!eg r eat ion jiandbook f j.r L orth Pacific llilMt i'an^ instonf 3#C#..» United States Gcv^rna^ut ! rinting Officet 1935# 13• Yarft* !•§•• rhe ^itional r^rk ^^tfaliai v/athington» DtCt> UniWi Itatea fJovernaeiit ¥flntiri; Office, 1931, 274 m* 54 14« ifelttd £t«tt«« a«ola.,ic^l uurr«y» SO ?o .jeaoet v^^* feM? M^,y :--1,j -4, *•?;*• l'f« taxied •,%%%&& T^r^Bt ,5srvif-a .Qy^;.>tt -.kjii^fa rr&il» APPENDIX by Director A* &# Qim~ n^T^r* and ae it relates to winter use is as follows: 18