DOCSLIB.ORG

The Chinese Air Force Evolving Concepts, Roles, and Capabilities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Chinese Air Force Evolving Concepts, Roles, and Capabilities The Chinese Air Force Evolving Concepts, Roles, and Capabilities EDITED BY RICHARD P. HALLION, ROGER CLIFF, and PHILLIP C. SAUNDERS CENTER FOR THE STUDy OF CHINESE Military Affairs INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES National DEFENSE UNIvERSITy Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs (CSCMA) The Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs (China Center) was established as an integral part of the National Defense University’s Institute for National Strategic Studies on March 1, 2000, pursuant to Section 914 of the 2000 National Defense Authorization Act. The China Center’s mission is to serve as a national focal point and resource center for multidisciplinary research and analytic exchanges on the national goals and strategic posture of the People’s Republic of China and to focus on China’s ability to develop, field, and deploy an effective military instrument in support of its national strategic objectives. Cover photo: China’s fifth-generation J–20 Stealth Fighter preparing for flight in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. (Photo by CCP/Color China Photo/AP Images) The Chinese Air Force Evolving Concepts, Roles, and Capabilities The Chinese Air Force Evolving Concepts, Roles, and Capabilities EDITED BY RICHARD P. HALLION, ROGER CLIFF, and PHILLIP C. SAUNDERS PUBLISHED BY NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY PRESS FOR THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF CHINESE MILITARY Affairs INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES WASHINGTON, D.C. 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Chinese Air Force : evolving concepts, roles, and capabilities / edited by Richard P. Hallion, Roger Cliff, and Phillip C. Saunders. p. cm. Includes index. 1. China. Zhongguo ren min jie fang jun. Kong jun. 2. Air power--China. I. Hallion, Richard. II. Cliff, Roger. III. Saunders, Phillip C. (Phillip Charles), 1966- UG635.C6C4835 2012 358.400951--dc23 2012034862 First printing, August 2012 NDU Press publications are sold by the U.S. Government Printing Office. For ordering information, call (202) 512-1800 or write to the: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. For the U.S. Government On-line Bookstore, go to: http://bookstore.gpo.gov For current publications of the Institute for National Strategic Studies, consult the National Defense University Web site at: http://www.ndu.edu/inss To the Memory of Major General John R. “Johnny” Alison, USAFR (Ret.) 1912–2011 An American patriot whose love for his country and affection for its people were matched by his affection for the Chinese people, for whom he fought strenuously and well during the Second World War Contents Foreword ............................................. xi David A. Deptula Acknowledgments ................................... xiii Introduction ........................................ xvii Richard P. Hallion I: CONCEPTS Chapter 1 The Concept of Airpower: Its Emergence, Evolution, and Future ............................................ 1 Forrest E. Morgan Chapter 2 China’s Quest for Joint Aerospace Power: Concepts and Future Aspirations ........................ 33 Mark A. Stokes Chapter 3 The PLAAF’s Evolving Influence within the PLA and upon National Policy .................................. 71 Xiaoming Zhang II: ORGANIZATIon, LEADERSHIP, AND DoctRINE Chapter 4 The Organizational Structure of the PLAAF .............. 95 Kenneth W. Allen vii viii CONTENTS Chapter 5 The Missions of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force ... 133 Murray Scot Tanner Chapter 6 The Development of the PLAAF’s Doctrine .............. 149 Roger Cliff Chapter 7 The PLAAF and the Integration of Air and Space Power ... 165 Kevin Pollpeter III: EQUIPMENT, PERsonnel, AND EDUCATIon / TRAINING Chapter 8 Equipping the PLAAF: The Long March to Modernity .... 191 David Shlapak Chapter 9 Meeting the Challenge of the Upcoming PLAAF Leadership Reshuffle ................................. 213 You Ji Chapter 10 Education and Training in the PLAAF .................. 235 Kevin Lanzit IV: INDUstRIES AND MILITARY IMplICATIons Chapter 11 China’s Aviation Industry: Past, Present, and Future ...... 257 Shen Pin-Luen Chapter 12 China’s Quest for Advanced Aviation Technologies ....... 271 Phillip C. Saunders and Joshua K. Wiseman CONTENTS ix Chapter 13 The Employment of Airpower in the Taiwan Strait ........ 325 Hsi-hua Cheng Chapter 14 The U.S.-China Military Balance Seen in a Three-Game Framework ............................ 347 David Frelinger and Jessica Hart About the Contributors ............................... 371 Index .............................................. 377 Foreword In my assignment as Air Force Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, I had the responsibility of monitoring air forces around the world. There is no question which country has made the greatest strides in developing its airpower capabil- ity. Over the last two decades, China’s air force, the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), has transformed itself from a large, poorly-trained force oper- ating aircraft based on 1950s Soviet designs to a leaner and meaner force flying advanced Russian and indigenously produced fourth-generation fighters. This remarkable transformation is still a work in progress, but China has made up a lot of ground in a short time. China’s civilian and military leaders grasped the centrality of airpower in modern warfare as early as the mid 1970s, a lesson reinforced by the stunning success of the U.S.-led coalition during the first Gulf War. They set the goal of building the PLAAF into a world class, high-technology air force capable of pre- vailing against sophisticated adversaries in regional conflicts. China’s expanding airpower capability has had a profound impact on the Asia-Pacific region (and beyond), causing countries to reassess their own air force modernization needs. China’s successful 2011 test flight of a stealth fighter prototype, the J–20, demonstrates just how ambitious its airpower goals have become. The United States and Russia are the only other countries deploying or developing true fifth-generation fighter aircraft; Beijing is now seeking to match the capabili- ties of the two most established aerospace powers. In addition to stealth fighter development, the Chinese aviation industry already produces two fourth-gen- eration fighters (the indigenous J–10 and China’s Su–27 copy, the J–11) which are roughly equivalent to the aircraft that make up the bulk of the existing U.S., Russian, and Western air force fleets. China has also successfully test flown a fourth-generation fighter (J–15) that can be launched from an aircraft carrier. More sophisticated combat aircraft are just one component of the expan- sion of Chinese airpower. Chinese military planners are focused on development of antiaccess/area denial capabilities with an eye toward negating any potential threat to their dominance in the Western Pacific. Chinese efforts to develop an “informatized” military include a focus on integrating and networking aero- space systems, using airborne early warning and control aircraft together with space-based assets. China plans to field a large fleet of remotely piloted aircraft xi xii FOREWORD (RPAs) with both combat and surveillance missions. The deployment of RPAs will enhance and extend the range of China’s area denial capabilities, challeng- ing the ability of other nations’ forces to operate in the Western Pacific. China’s Second Artillery Corps now possesses a large arsenal of increas- ingly accurate cruise and ballistic missiles that could strike air bases in Japan and islands throughout the Pacific, and target U.S. aircraft carriers. Nonstealthy air- craft attempting to operate near China will be confronted with an increasingly capable land-based air defense network. PLAAF training has advanced in parallel with technological improvements, resulting in a better-educated and more pro- fessional cadre of officers and enlisted personnel. Even in an era of constrained resources, China’s comprehensive expansion of its airpower capability should be a matter of great concern to U.S. civilian and military leaders and to U.S. friends and allies in Asia, particularly Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. I was honored and privileged to take part in the October 2010 conference in Taipei on the Chinese Air Force, which was jointly organized by Taiwan’s Council for Advanced Policy Studies, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, the U.S. National Defense University, and the RAND Corporation. The organiz- ers did a superb job in assembling a first-rate group of international experts on airpower and the Chinese military. The conference papers were discussed and debated at length as experts sought to assess Chinese air force current and future capabilities and the trajectory of the air balance across the Taiwan Strait and in the Western Pacific. The current volume contains substantially revised versions of the papers presented at the conference, benefiting greatly from conference dis- cussions and careful editing by Richard Hallion, Roger Cliff, and Phillip Saun- ders. Together, the chapters offer a complete picture of where the Chinese air force is today, where it has come from, and most importantly, where it is headed. This book should be of keen interest to policymakers, senior military
Load more

Recommended publications
  • China: 2020-2050
    www.followcn.com China: 2020-2050 Foreword We are now at the start of 2017. As the world is celebrating the coming of 2017 among many possibilities, I am keeping an eye on an emerging superpower who is claiming to be in a dream of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit for all. China's GDP growth rate for 2016 as a whole will come in very close to 6.7%. The forecast for 2017 is clouded by the uncertainty in the United States over the economic and other policies to be adopted by Donald Trump when he assumes the office of President in January, according to a recent report by China Daily. China is still leading the world economy after thirty years of continuous development. Despite the many problems and concerns in the environment, corruption, government debt, soaring property markets, and others, there are positive signs as a source for domestic growth by private entrepreneurship, enhanced social well-being and family life under a more responsible government administration. This trend should continue in 2017, as governments at all levels are pushed hard to realize the national vision of creating an ecological civilization for many if not all. China is moving closer to its goal of building an all-round moderately prosperous society by 2020, inspired by the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, according to Xinhua News Agency. June 25th 2016, the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in London released its long-term macroeconomic forecasts with key trends to 2050, stating that China will surpass the USA in gross domestic product (GDP) in 2026, and top ten economies in 2050 at the EIU’s projected market exchange rates, in descending order, will be China, USA, India, Indonesia, Japan, Germany, Brazil, Mexico, UK, and France.
    [Show full text]
  • Prepared by Textore, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020
    AIR-TO-AIR MISSILES CAPABILITIES AND DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA Prepared by TextOre, Inc. Peter Wood, David Yang, and Roger Cliff November 2020 Printed in the United States of America by the China Aerospace Studies Institute ISBN 9798574996270 To request additional copies, please direct inquiries to Director, China Aerospace Studies Institute, Air University, 55 Lemay Plaza, Montgomery, AL 36112 All photos licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license, or under the Fair Use Doctrine under Section 107 of the Copyright Act for nonprofit educational and noncommercial use. All other graphics created by or for China Aerospace Studies Institute Cover art is "J-10 fighter jet takes off for patrol mission," China Military Online 9 October 2018. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-10/09/content_9305984_3.htm E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/CASI https://twitter.com/CASI_Research @CASI_Research https://www.facebook.com/CASI.Research.Org https://www.linkedin.com/company/11049011 Disclaimer The views expressed in this academic research paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government or the Department of Defense. In accordance with Air Force Instruction 51-303, Intellectual Property, Patents, Patent Related Matters, Trademarks and Copyrights; this work is the property of the U.S. Government. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights Reproduction and printing is subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and applicable treaties of the United States. This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This publication is provided for noncommercial use only.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Spring, Libyan Liberation and the Externally Imposed Democratic Revolution
    Denver Law Review Volume 89 Issue 3 Special Issue - Constitutionalism and Article 7 Revolutions December 2020 Arab Spring, Libyan Liberation and the Externally Imposed Democratic Revolution Haider Ala Hamoudi Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/dlr Recommended Citation Haider Ala Hamoudi, Arab Spring, Libyan Liberation and the Externally Imposed Democratic Revolution, 89 Denv. U. L. Rev. 699 (2012). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. ARAB SPRING, LIBYAN LIBERATION AND THE EXTERNALLY IMPOSED DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION HAIDER ALA HAMOUDIt For generations, the United States of America has played a unique role as an anchor of global security and advocate for human freedom. Mindful of the risks and costs of military action, we are naturally re- luctant to use force to solve the world's many challenges. But when our interests and values are at stake, we have a responsibility to act. -Barack Obama, March 28, 2011 (justifying the NATO intervention in Libya). I. INTRODUCTION Contemporary events in the Arab world should cause us to wonder what happened to our commitment to the democratic revolution. Ameri- ca's understanding of its own role in supporting democratic orders is, as a result of the so-called Arab Spring, as confused as it has ever been. I hope in these few pages to expound upon these ideas of democractic commitments and their consequences, which must command greater con- sideration.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasa X-15 Program
    5 24,132 6 9 NASA X-15 PROGRAM By: T.D. Barnes - NASA Contractor - 1960s NASA contractors for the X-15 program were Bendix Field Engineering followed by Unitec, Inc. The NASA High Range Tracking stations were located at Ely and Beatty Nevada with main control being at Dryden/Edwards AFB in California. Personnel at the tracking stations consisted of a Station Manager, a Technical Advisor, and field engineers for the Mod-2 Radar, Data Transmission System, Communications, Telemetry, and Plant Maintenance/Generators. NASA had a site monitor at each tracking station to monitor our contractor operations. Though supporting flights of the X-15 was their main objective, they also participated in flights of the XB-70, the three Lifting Bodies, experimental Lunar Landing vehicles, and an occasional A-12/YF-12/SR-71 Blackbird flight. On mission days a NASA van picked up each member of the crew at their residence for the 4:20 a.m. trip to the tracking station 18 miles North of Beatty on the Tonopah Highway. Upon arrival each performed preflight calibrations and setup of their various systems. The liftoff of the B-52, with the X-15 tucked beneath its wing, seldom occurred after 9:00 a.m. due to the heat effect of the Mojave Desert making it difficult for the planes to acquire altitude. At approximately 0800 hours two pilots from Dryden would proceed uprange to evaluate the condition of the dry lake beds in the event of an emergency landing of the X-15 (always buzzing our station on the way up and back).
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 China Military Power Report
    OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 Office of the Secretary of Defense Preparation of this report cost the Department of Defense a total of approximately $181,000 in Fiscal Years 2018-2019. This includes $12,000 in expenses and $169,000 in DoD labor. Generated on 2019May02 RefID: E-1F4B924 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, as Amended Section 1260, “Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, Public Law 115-232, which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Section 1202, Public Law 106-65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future course of military-technological development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military organizations and operational concepts supporting such development over the next 20 years.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Logistics Capabilities for Expeditionary Operations
    China’s Logistics Capabilities for Expeditionary Operations The modular transfer system between a Type 054A frigate and a COSCO container ship during China’s first military-civil UNREP. Source: “重大突破！民船为海军水面舰艇实施干货补给 [Breakthrough! Civil Ships Implement Dry Cargo Supply for Naval Surface Ships],” Guancha, November 15, 2019 Primary author: Chad Peltier Supporting analysts: Tate Nurkin and Sean O’Connor Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 113-291. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. 1 Contents Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Methodology, Scope, and Study Limitations ........................................................................................................ 6 1. China’s Expeditionary Operations
    [Show full text]
  • Magisterarbeit
    MAGISTERARBEIT Titel der Magisterarbeit „How does China’s space program fit their development goals?“ Verfasser Manfred Steinkellner, Bakk. phil. angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Innsbruck, Juni 2009 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 066 811 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Sinologie Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Frank, Prof. Dr. Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik Zusammenfassung Diese Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit dem chinesischen Weltraumprogramm und seiner Rolle im Kontext der chinesischen Entwicklungspolitik. Die Bedeutung ist einerseits durch Chinas wirtschaftlichen Aufstieg gegeben und andererseits durch das erhöhte strategische und kommerzielle Interesse am Weltraum. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit versucht kurz den Weg Chinas zu seiner aktuellen Lage zu skizzieren. Die wichtigsten Entwicklungsschritte in Wirtschaft, Militär und Umwelt werden aufgezeigt um ein besseres Verständnis der Realität zu ermöglichen. Nach einer kurzen Analyse der aktuellen Situation werden die chinesischen Entwicklungspläne untersucht. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf dem elften chinesischen Fünf-Jahres Plan, dem elften chinesischen Entwicklungsplan für Weltraum sowie dem Langzeit Entwicklungsplan für Wissenschaft und Technik. Die Analyse dieser Daten führt zu einem konkreteren Verständnis der aktuellen Ziele Chinas und ermöglicht somit eine Einordnung des Weltraumprogramms in die aktuelle chinesische Entwicklung. Der zweite Teil untersucht sechs Kernbereiche des chinesischen Weltraumprogramms. Es handelt sich dabei um das bemannte
    [Show full text]
  • Xi Jinping and the 'Other' China by Peter Wood
    Volume 17, Issue 8 June 9, 2017 In a Fortnight: Xi Jinping and the 'Other' China By Peter Wood Xi Jinping Promotes Protégés to Top Positions in Run-Up to 19th Party Congress By Willy Lam The Southern Theater Command and China’s Maritime Strategy By Nan Li Recent Developments in the Chinese Army’s Helicopter Force By Dennis J. Blasko Waiting in the Wings: PLAAF General Yi Xiaoguang By Kenneth Allen and Jana Allen Xi Jinping and the 'Other' constitutes an important pillar of its domestic le- gitimacy. Not surprisingly, the CCP has launched China a propaganda push in state media to highlight its progress. At the end of May, China held its annual Chi- At the center of much of the attention is the nese Poverty Alleviation International Forum (中 “core” of the Party, Xi Jinping, whose experi- 国扶贫国际论坛), which serves to draw attention ences in the countryside as a young man, and to Chinese achievements in this area (Xinhua, major policies have been offered up as proof of May 26). Poverty alleviation is likely to remain a the Party’s continuing ties to regular people and key theme in state media as China prepares for its commitment to China’s urban and rural poor. the 19th Party Congress later this year. The Chi- nese Communist Party (CCP) has set for itself the Xi Jinping, in particular, is being lauded as a ma- ambitious goal of largely eradicating poverty by jor driver of these efforts. Xi has made sweeping 2020. Its previous success in moving large num- economic reform and the expansion of the bers of Chinese out of poverty—largely due to “moderately prosperous” class ( 小康) core Deng Xiaoping’s Reform and Opening policies— planks of his policies, particularly as embodied ChinaBrief June 9, 2017 in the “Four Comprehensives” (China Brief, Feb- ordinary Chinese, inequality is rising, and the ruary 23).
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC
    [Show full text]
  • S Nit Flet Ic Fneis Llt
    oil S nit flet ic fneis llt OIL SHALE 0 COAL 0 OIL SANDS 0 NATURAL GAS VOLUME 29 - NUMBER 3 - SEPTEMBER 1992 QUARTERLY Tell Ertl Repository . .: L?'(os Library School of ML'cs (K)THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. Req. U.S. Pot. OFF. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report is published by The Pace Consultants Inc., as a multi-client service and Is intended for the sole use of the clients or organizations affiliated with clients by virtue of a relationship equivalent to 51 percent or greater ownership. Pace Synthetic Fuels Report Is protected by the copyright laws of the United States; reproduction of any part of the publication requires the express permission of The Pace Con- sultants Inc. The Pace Consultants Inc., has provided energy consulting and engineering services since 1955. The company's experience includes resource evalua- tion, process development and design, systems planning, marketing studies, licensor comparisons, environmental planning, and economic analysis. The Synthetic Fuels Analysis group prepares a variety of periodic and other reports analyzing developments in the energy field. THE PACE CONSULTANTS INC. SYNTHETIC FUELS ANALYSIS MANAGING EDITOR Jerry E. Sinor Pct Office Box 649 Niwot, Colorado 80544 (303) 652-2632 BUSINESS MANAGER Ronald L. Gist Post Office Box 53473 Houston, Texas 77052 (713) 669-8800 Telex: 77-4350 CONTENTS HIGHLIGHTS A-I I. GENERAL GOVERNMENT DOE Announces SBIR Grants in Fossil Energy 1-1 ENERGY POLICY AND FORECASTS Conoco World Energy Outlook Promotes Diversification of Energy Sources 14 U.S. Environmental Laws Will Reduce Refining Capacity, and Open the Door to Alternative Fuels 1-10 LLNL Rates Importance of Different Technologies for Energy Security 1-11 TECHNOLOGY MTCI Patents Pulse-Tube Gasifier for Wide Variety of Feedstocks 1-16 INTERNATIONAL Outstanding Opportunities Seen for Energy Investments in Russia and the Republics 1-19 RESOURCE Uinta Basin is America's Energy Storehouse 1-20 GENERAL PUBLICATIONS/PATENTS 1-21 COMING EVENTS 1-22 II.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement October 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 44 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 48 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 49 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 56 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 60 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel's Rights As a Nation-State in International Diplomacy
    Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Institute for Research and Policy המרכז הירושלמי לענייני ציבור ומדינה )ע"ר( ISRAEl’s RiGHTS as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy Israel’s Rights as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy © 2011 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs – World Jewish Congress Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 13 Tel Hai Street, Jerusalem, Israel Tel. 972-2-561-9281 Fax. 972-2-561-9112 Email: [email protected] www.jcpa.org World Jewish Congress 9A Diskin Street, 5th Floor Kiryat Wolfson, Jerusalem 96440 Phone : +972 2 633 3000 Fax: +972 2 659 8100 Email: [email protected] www.worldjewishcongress.com Academic Editor: Ambassador Alan Baker Production Director: Ahuva Volk Graphic Design: Studio Rami & Jaki • www.ramijaki.co.il Cover Photos: Results from the United Nations vote, with signatures, November 29, 1947 (Israel State Archive) UN General Assembly Proclaims Establishment of the State of Israel, November 29, 1947 (Israel National Photo Collection) ISBN: 978-965-218-100-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Overview Ambassador Alan Baker .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 The National Rights of Jews Professor Ruth Gavison ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 “An Overwhelmingly Jewish State” - From the Balfour Declaration to the Palestine Mandate
    [Show full text]