BIO Web of Conferences 27, 00007 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700007 FIES 2020

State regulation of the land reclamation development at the regional level exemplified by region

Ekaterina V. Lebedeva* and Ekaterina V. Bulankina

Samara State Agrarian University, 446442,

Abstract. The article considers the role of land reclamation in the development of modern Russian agriculture, defines its role in the development of the domestic land reclamation industry of state regulation. The implementation of the state policy for the maintenance and development of the reclamation industry in the Samara region from 2015 to the present is analyzed. The preliminary results of its implementation are summarized. The material, technical and regulatory framework for the further development of land reclamation in the region is determined.

1 Introduction the state plays a leading role in shaping the optimal development mode for the modern Under the conditions of climate change, land reclamation system, which is of great which in recent years has been manifested importance for the growth of agricultural by frequent droughts or floods, land production and the formation of food reclamation is considered as the best way security. to ensure the sustainability of agricultural The problem of state regulation of the production. Currently, irrigated lands land reclamation complex development in account for 40 % of world food production, Russia has recently been increasingly including 60 % of grain production. For reflected in the scientific literature. Experts Russia, where 80 % of arable land is subject in the field of land reclamation study the to arid phenomena, and about 20 % to current state and prospects of the land excessive moisture, the value of land reclamation industry development in the reclamation is difficult to overestimate [1]. country and individual regions [1–4]. In modern conditions of the agro- Specialists in the field of public industrial complex development and the administration of the agro-industrial state food safety policy implementation, complex analyze the problems of the reliability of land reclamation and its management and strategic development of effectiveness largely depend on an the industry [5–7]. adequate management system. This However, the problems of determining circumstance, which requires decision- the prospects (technical and making in conditions of uncertainty and is administrative) for the development of the associated with significant risk, domestic land reclamation complex, the significantly complicates reclamation distribution of powers between system management in comparison with management levels and forms of other objects and enterprises. Therefore, ownership, allocation of budgetary funds the scientifically reasoned operation of and the use of extrabudgetary funds reclamation systems and its competent remain relevant. These issues are especially management based on long-term and short- relevant at the level of constituent entities term forecasting are extremely important of the Russian Federation, i.e. at the for the reclamation industry. regional governmental level. The With regards to the strategic implementation of regional policies in the management of socio-economic processes, field of land reclamation is important for

* Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BIO Web of Conferences 27, 00007 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700007 FIES 2020

the development of an agro-industrial conditions for the development of the agro-industrial complex of individual constituent entities complex of the Russian Federation is determined by the special importance of land reclamation in sustainable of the Russian Federation and large food production, on the one hand, and the current state of agglomerations of the country [8]. the industry, on the other hand. In Russia, the proportion of reclaimed 2 Materials and methods land in the total agricultural land did not exceed 10 % even in the context of an According to UN estimates, by the middle increase in land reclamation. Currently, the of the 21st century humanity will face the area of reclaimed land is only 7.9 % of the global problem of food shortages. arable land [3]. The area of reclaimed land Therefore, even now it is necessary to pay in the Russian Federation, with its low attention to the prospect of the significant productivity, currently cannot affect the increase in agricultural production. neutralization of the risk of adverse Meanwhile, the Russian agricultural weather conditions and the provision of sector is subject to the negative food for the population of our country [2]. consequences of various kinds of instability Moreover, according to the calculations of factors. Risks of agricultural enterprises are domestic scientists in the field of land the most complex and poorly predicted [6]. reclamation, in our country it is necessary Agriculture being dependent on natural to have at least 10 million hectares of factors and having a pronounced seasonal, irrigated lands and at least 8 million cyclical pattern of production, is a hectares of drained land by 2025–2030 [1]. technically more backward industry than At the turn of the century, the Russian other sectors of the economy [5]. land reclamation industry fell into decay: Developmental features of the significant areas of irrigated and drained agricultural sector of the economy make its lands were lost, part of the reclaimed lands state regulation inevitable, which is aimed degraded, and the territory of eroded and both at supporting agricultural producers deserted lands grew. Reclamation systems, under the conditions of intense separately located hydraulic structures, competition and overcoming periodic special irrigation machines have become agrarian crises [9]. The current mechanism old and destroyed. In general, more than of state regulation of the agro-industrial 30 million hectares of arable land have complex is currently a program-targeted been removed from agricultural circulation approach, an important condition for the in the territory of the Russian Federation. development of which is the provision of Currently, most of the reclaimed land (over targeted state programs with financial 3.5 million hectares) is in poor condition. resources [7]. Over half of domestic irrigation systems The basis for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is the Doctrine of (about 2.5 million hectares) need Food Security of the Russian Federation, which pays reconstruction and technical re-equipment. special attention to agroecological risks caused by Haing objectively assessed the current situation in the adverse climatic changes. agricultural land reclamation industry, as well as natural To ensure food security and improve the risks, the Russian state has expanded the directions competitiveness of Russian agricultural products in scope of the state support for the reclamation industry. Russia, the State Program for the Development of The organizational mechanism for the development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, the domestic reclamation industry was the program- Raw Materials and Food Markets, which was designed target method, which was expressed in the form of the until 2025, is implemented in its structure. It includes federal target program “Development of Land several basic areas, among which there is a subprogram Reclamation of Agricultural Land for 2014–2020”. “Development of Land Reclamation agricultural State policy on the development of the reclamation purposes of Russia”. Within the framework of the industry is actively implemented in the Samara region. direction of the State program “Ensuring the conditions The strategic document that defines the prospects for the for the development of the agro-industrial complex”, the development of the land reclamation complex in the departmental program “Development of the reclamation region is the Development Strategy for the agro- complex of Russia” is being implemented. industrial complex of the Samara Region for the period The close attention to the development of the until 2020, which also spells out the main targets for the reclamation complex in the structure of ensuring the development of land reclamation in the region starting

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from 2013, the state program “Development of gross output livestock production (in comparable prices) Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, by 37.2 %, livestock and poultry for slaughter in Raw Materials and Food Markets of the Samara Region” households of all categories (in live weight) by 10.5 %, for 2014–2021, which included the subprogram milk in households of all categories by 7.8 %. “Development of Land Reclamation of Agricultural We used both the mentioned strategic documents and Land in the Samara Region for the period until 2020”. the reporting documentation of the Samara Region To implement the program at the expense of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food as well as official federal and regional budgets, agricultural producers information on the development of the agro-industrial operating in the Samara region were provided with complex in the region to analyze the implementation of subsidies for reimbursing the expenses associated with the state policy for the development of the Samara the production of agricultural products in terms of costs region reclamation complex. for the construction and reconstruction of reclamation systems. The level of state program activities funding has 3 Results always remained high. Specifically, in 2015 they were The Samara region is located in the southeastern part of 85.3 % (109.8 million rubles were planned; 93.7 million the European territory of Russia in the continental rubles were disbursed), in 2016 – 100 %, taking into climate zone of temperate latitudes. The waters of the account the stipulated funds (76.280 million rubles were region are represented by surface and underground planned; 76.280 million rubles were spent), in 2017 – sources, which include rivers and lakes, artificial 100 % taking into account the funds provided reservoirs. The main river of the region is the . (75.770 million rubles were provided; 75.770 million rubles were spent). Agriculture plays a special role in the In 2015–2017 agricultural producers of the Samara economy of the Samara region. More than region gained effective state support in the form of 500 large agricultural enterprises, 1951 partial reimbursement of the costs of construction and peasant (farm) enterprises, over 290 reconstruction of reclamation systems. Thus, they thousand personal subsidiary farms of the confidently invested their own financial resources in population and about 1000 enterprises of projects for the creation and reconstruction of irrigated the food, processing industry and areas using the latest reclamation equipment. Due to the fact that the federal target program agrotechnical service represent the “Development of land reclamation of agricultural lands agricultural sector of the region. The main of Russia for 2014–2020” was included in the State area of specialization is the production of program for the development of agriculture and grain, sunflower, potatoes and vegetables, regulation of agricultural products, raw materials and milk and meat. food markets for 2013–2020, the implementation of an In the Samara region there are more independent development program land reclamation of agricultural lands of the Samara region was completed in than 4 million hectares of agricultural land. 2017, and the direction itself was included in the state The area of farmland in the composition of program of Samara region field “Development of agricultural land is 3.8 million hectares, agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural including 2.8 million hectares of arable products, raw materials and food of the Samara region” land, 800 thousand hectares of natural for 2014–2020 in the form of subprogram. forage land. The total amount of funding for the activities of the Subprogram at the expense of the regional budget in The gross agricultural output of the 2018–2020 was determined at 373.93 million rubles; the region in 2018 amounted to 85.4 billion amount of funds of the regional budget amounted to rubles. In the structure of gross agricultural 172.80 million rubles; the amount of funds of the output, the crop production was 64.5 %, regional budget formed at the expense of federal budget livestock production was 35.5 %. The funds received in accordance with the current legislation proportion of agricultural products in the in the regional budget 201.13 million rubles; extrabudgetary sources in the amount of 1,634.33 Samara region in all-Russian production is million rubles were also attracted to implement the 1.7 %. program. On the irrigated lands of the Samara As a result of solving the tasks posed to the region 125 thousand tons of potatoes (98 % subprogram “Development of Land Reclamation of of the total volume produced in Agricultural Land in the Samara Region for the Period agricultural enterprises and peasant farms until 2021”, it is planned to increase the gross agricultural of the region), 94 thousand tons of output in farms of all categories (in comparable prices) in 2021 (to the level of 2013) by 13.6 %, food production, vegetables (86 %), 8 thousand tons of grain including drinks (in comparable prices) by 17.8 %, gross (0.3 %), 15 thousand tons of soybeans (55 crop production (in comparable prices) by 12.1 %, %), more than 3 thousand tons of fruit and production of grain and leguminous crops by 59.3 %,

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berry crops (24 %) are produced. The Potatoes 125.1 125.1 125.1 128.0 2.9 average yield on irrigated lands for Fruit and berry 10.4 22.8 35.2 12.2 9.0 potatoes and vegetables is 340 centners per plantations hectare (up to 1000 centners per hectare on individual farm fields), grain crops up The largest part of this fund is located to 100 centners per hectare, fruit crops up along eighteen state irrigation systems, to 150 centners per hectare, and soybeans which include 502 hydraulic structures, up to 30 centners per hectare. 600 kilometers of canal network and 71 The potential for the development of pumping stations, which are on the balance agricultural irrigation in the municipal sheet of the federal state institution FSBI areas of the Samara region is shown in “Samarameliovodkhoz Management” Table 1. subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture The measures implemented by the of the Russian Federation. Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Herewith, most of the irrigation systems Samara Region in the field of land are not used at full capacity bcause 125.6 reclamation for agricultural land through thousand ha are in need of reconstruction. the implementation of the program In 2019, 111.2 thousand hectares (83 %) “Development of land reclamation of were not watered due to a malfunction in agricultural land in the Samara region for the irrigation network and the lack of the period until 2020” provided positive irrigation equipment. More than 75 % of dynamics for the main indicators of the sprinkler machines and installations are development of irrigation systems in the operated outside the standard service life. region. In the next 5 years, a complete replacement In 2015, 3.162 thousand hectares of and modernization of the existing irrigated land were commissioned through irrigation equipment park in the region will reconstruction, technical re-equipment and be required. construction of new reclamation systems. Despite the work aimed to develop the Specifically, 1.56 thousand hectares in region reclamation complex, the irrigation 2016 and 1.78 thousand hectares in 2017 system of the Samara region is currently were put into service. Accordingly, the not able to have a decisive influence on volume of crop production on irrigated neutralizing the risk of adverse weather agricultural lands increased as follows: in conditions, which in the future can 2015 it amounted to 56.8 %, in 2016 to 44 negatively affect the pace of socio- %, and in 2017 to 28 %. By 2018, the area economic development of the region. of irrigated land used in agricultural Due to the fact that the main arrays of production of the Samara region amounted irrigation systems were built in the 60–90s to 134.7 thousand hectares. State irrigation of the last century, 76.5 thousand hectares systems are located on 82.7 thousand are currently in need of reconstruction and hectares of this land (this area of irrigated full restoration. According to expert land occupies 5 % of the total arable land). estimates, restoration of the entire irrigated fund of the region requires up to 20 billion Table 1. Gross harvest from irrigated lands, rubles (the cost of restoring 1 hectare of taking into account the realization of the region potential, thousand tons irrigated land is 175–280 thousand rubles with irrigation technology implemented by The growth of wide-angle machines and 150 thousand Indicator/year 2019 2021 2023 2024 2024 by 2018, +/– rubles per 1 hectare with drip irrigation). Cereals and Most of the irrigated agricultural land in the Samara leguminous region, where the restoration of irrigation is 14.3 26.7 39.1 45.3 37.2 crops (export- economically feasible being 36.6 thousand hectares is oriented) owned by the general share and private property, Oilseeds 2.8 thousand hectares are in the regional property, (export- 22.2 34.6 47.0 58.3 43.3 5.9 thousand hectares are in the ownership of municipal oriented) districts, 2.6 thousand ha are in federal ownership Vegetables 93.2 105.6 118.0 106.3 20.3 (Table 2).

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Table 2. Ownership structure of the Samara region irrigated Table 3. Harvest and cost-effectiveness of irrigation lands in need of restoration and reconstruction, hectares Indicators per 1 hectare of sown area Common Lands of Lands of Municipal Name of export- Crop Cost, Revenues, Profit, Municipal area land and the Samara federal yield, land oriented crops thousan thousand thousan private land region property c/ha d rubles rubles d rubles Privolzhsky 14.6 4.7 - - On the dry 11 20 21 0.2 land Stavropolsky 8.4 - - - Industrial With Bezenchuksky 5.3 1.2 2.8 2.6 crops 20 27 45 18.2 irrigation Volzhsky 2.8 - - - (soybeans) + / – to the + 9 + 7 + 24 + 18 Hvorostyansky 2.3 - - - dry land Krasnoarmeysky 1.0 - - - On the dry 32 17 17 0.4 Sergievsky 1.0 - - - land Grain With Neftegorsky 1.2 - - - crops 59 45 52 7.4 irrigation Syzransky 2.0 - - - (corn) + / – to the + 27 + 28 + 35 + 7 Kinelsky 2.5 - - - dry land TOTALLY: 36.6 5.9 2.8 2.6 On the dry 216 217 234 17.1 land One of the constraining factors in the development With Potatos 334 302 380 78.6 and restoration of irrigation in the region is the irrigation + / – to the inefficient use of irrigated land by owners and tenants. A + 156 + 85 + 146 + 61.5 significant part of the irrigated land fund is not used to dry land On the dry full capacity by the owners. Out of 82 land users whose 41 120 134 13.4 lands are located along the state irrigation systems in the land With region, only 26 or 31 % of their total number use Vegetables 438 271 415 143.9 irrigation irrigation. On the remaining lands, such crops as + / – to the + 397 + 151 + 281 + 130.5 sunflower, barley, cultivating with the use of irrigation is dry land not economically feasible. The potential for restoration of irrigation on the lands Currently, commercially viable export-oriented crops of the Samara region, which are under the operational on irrigation will allow land users to be interested in management of the State Unitary Enterprise Kupinsky, is obtaining higher profits. Yield and economic efficiency 2.8 thousand hectares. Potentially irrigated lands with an of irrigation on the lands of the Samara region for area of 1.5 thousand hectares located along the borders agricultural use, address Table 3. of the Kutuluk reservoir of the Borsky district of the Special attention is required to the conditions of state Samara region are being processed by the state-owned irrigation systems, the total depreciation of structures, enterprise Agricultural Holding OOO “Pokrovskoye”. In machinery and equipment which reaches 71 %, and the the municipal district Hvorostyansky, 2.3 thousand filling of the channel network being 30–50 %. hectares of farmland located near state irrigation systems Meanwhile, these are the irrigation systems that should are used as rainfed ones and can also be restored. A large be considered as the basis for the restoration and area of potentially irrigated land is occupied by development of the regional reclamation system. agricultural producers operating in areas 1 and 2 of the The state irrigation system Kondurchinskaya was Spassky irrigation system. created over 30 years ago. Its basis is the Kondurchinsky Accounting and use of the features and reserves of 3 reservoir (water volume is 25.3–31.5 million m ), which the Samara Region irrigation system will help both in is currently in a satisfactory condition and can serve as a tactical and strategic management of the regional reference point for the restoration of irrigation systems in reclamation complex development. the northern regions of the Samara region on an area of more than 1000 hectares. Similar reservoirs are located in the municipal areas of Volzhsky (Chernovskoye), 4 Conclusion Bogatovsky, Borsky (Kutulukskoye), Bolsheglushitsky (Talovskoye). In the municipal district of Stavropolsky, For the planned development of state 8.5 thousand hectares of farmland located near state support for the region reclamation irrigation systems (Zhigulevskaya and Tolyattinsky) are complex, a regional strategy for its used as rainfed ones and can potentially be restored. development is necessary. An increase in In the municipal district of Bezenchuksky, 5.3 reclaimed land to 47 thousand hectares thousand hectares of farmland located near state irrigation systems are used as rainfed ones and can also should be considered as the target of the be restored. In addition, restoration of irrigation on an Development Strategy of the region area of 2.6 thousand hectares is economically feasible on reclamation complex. At the same time, on the lands of the Russian Federation, which are under the irrigated lands, it is necessary to carry out operational management of the Federal State Budgetary technical re-equipment of existing Institution “Krasnogorskoye”. reclamation systems on an area of 6

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thousand hectares, reconstruction on an convenient tool for business that gives an area of 8 thousand hectares and new idea of the economic and industry construction on an area of 11 thousand priorities for the reclamation complex hectares. development as well as the tools used to The development strategy of the Samara support investment activities in the long Oblast reclamation complex should be term. aimed to achieve such goals as restoration and development of the reclamation fund, References increasing soil fertility to an optimal level, developing priority areas of agricultural 1. V.V. Melixov, Irrigated Agriculture, 4 (2017) production on reclaimed land, developing 2. I. P. Kruzhilin, Bull. of the Russ. Acad. of Agricult. fodder production on reclaimed land in Sci., 1 (2011) accordance with the growth rate of cattle, 3. N.N. Dubenok, Bull. of the Timiryazev Agricult. environmentally regulated use of Acad., 1 (2014) agricultural, land, water and other 4. E.Yu. Kalinicheva, N.V. Pol`shakova, A.S. renewable natural resources and general Kolomejchenko, Herald of Agrar. Sci., 3 (2017) conditions of agricultural operation on the 5. S.D. Vlasov, Bull. of the Saratov State Socio-Econ. Univer., 5 (2012) reclaimed land for the most complete and rational use of natural resources potential, 6. O.A. Golikova, I.V. Joda, Socio-Econ. Phenomena and Proc., 9 (2014) agrolandscapes neutralizing effect of drought and hot winds on crop 7. A.A. Mokrushin, Bull. of the Adygeya Univer., The Econ. Ser., 3 (2017) productivity while maintaining, restoring 8. Е.V. Bulankina, S.V. Grankina, Е.V. Lebedeva, soil fertility and reproduction and water Samara-Tolyatti agglomeration as a mechanism for conservation. the development of a regional economy (2017) Additionally, the development of the 9. A.K. Ibragimov, O.V. Mixajlova, T.T. Duplina, Strategy as a separate document is Bull. of the Kursk State Agricult. Acad., 2 (2013) determined by the need to create a

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