Dioxin Exposure and Public Health in Chapaevsk, Russia
Chemosphere 43 )2001) 951±966 Dioxin exposure and public health in Chapaevsk, Russia B. Revich a,*, E. Aksel b, T. Ushakova b, I. Ivanova c, N. Zhuchenko c, N. Klyuev d, B. Brodsky d, Y. Sotskov e a Center for Demography and Human Ecology of Institute for Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov's prosp. 47, Moscow 117418, Russian Federation b Cancer Scienti®c Research Center, Russian Academy of Medicine Sciences, Kashirskoe Drive 24, Moscow 115478, Russian Federation c Moscow Medical Academy, Rossolima str., 11a, Moscow, Russian Federation d Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt, 33, Moscow 117071, Russian Federation e State Committee of Environmental Protection, Barrikadnaya 2/6, Moscow 123812, Russian Federation Abstract One of the largest environmental polluters in Chapaevsk )Samara Region, Russia) is the Middle Volga chemical plant. From 1967 to 1987, it produced hexachlorocyclohexane )lindane) and its derivatives. Currently, it produces crop protection chemicals )liquid chlorine acids, methyl chloroform, vinyl chloride, and some other chemicals). Dioxins were detected in air 0:116 pg=m3), in soil )8,9±298 ng/kg), in the town's drinking water )28,4±74,1 pg/liter), and in the cow's milk )the content of 2,3,7,8 ± TCDD was 17,32 pg TEQ/g fat). The mean content of dioxins in seven pooled samples of human milk )40 individual trials) was 42,26 pg TEQ/g fat, in four female workers' blood samples ± 412,4 pg TEQ/g fat, in six residents'blood samples )those who lived 1±3 km from the chemical plant) ± 75,2 pg TEQ/g fat, in four residents' blood samples )5±8 km from the plant) ± 24,5 pg TEQ/g fat.
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