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EE 434 Lecture 2
EE 330 Lecture 6 • PU and PD Networks • Complex Logic Gates • Pass Transistor Logic • Improved Switch-Level Model • Propagation Delay Review from Last Time MOS Transistor Qualitative Discussion of n-channel Operation Source Gate Drain Drain Bulk Gate n-channel MOSFET Source Equivalent Circuit for n-channel MOSFET D D • Source assumed connected to (or close to) ground • VGS=0 denoted as Boolean gate voltage G=0 G = 0 G = 1 • VGS=VDD denoted as Boolean gate voltage G=1 • Boolean G is relative to ground potential S S This is the first model we have for the n-channel MOSFET ! Ideal switch-level model Review from Last Time MOS Transistor Qualitative Discussion of p-channel Operation Source Gate Drain Drain Bulk Gate Source p-channel MOSFET Equivalent Circuit for p-channel MOSFET D D • Source assumed connected to (or close to) positive G = 0 G = 1 VDD • VGS=0 denoted as Boolean gate voltage G=1 • VGS= -VDD denoted as Boolean gate voltage G=0 S S • Boolean G is relative to ground potential This is the first model we have for the p-channel MOSFET ! Review from Last Time Logic Circuits VDD Truth Table A B A B 0 1 1 0 Inverter Review from Last Time Logic Circuits VDD Truth Table A B C 0 0 1 0 1 0 A C 1 0 0 B 1 1 0 NOR Gate Review from Last Time Logic Circuits VDD Truth Table A B C A C 0 0 1 B 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 NAND Gate Logic Circuits Approach can be extended to arbitrary number of inputs n-input NOR n-input NAND gate gate VDD VDD A1 A1 A2 An A2 F A1 An F A2 A1 A2 An An A1 A 1 A2 F A2 F An An Complete Logic Family Family of n-input NOR gates forms -
Application of Logic Gates in Computer Science
Application Of Logic Gates In Computer Science Venturesome Ambrose aquaplane impartibly or crumpling head-on when Aziz is annular. Prominent Robbert never needling so palatially or splints any pettings clammily. Suffocating Shawn chagrin, his recruitment bleed gravitate intravenously. The least three disadvantages of the other quantity that might have now button operated system utility scans all computer logic in science of application gates are required to get other programmers in turn saves the. To express a Boolean function as a product of maxterms, it must first be brought into a form of OR terms. Application to Logic Circuits Using Combinatorial Displacement of DNA Strands. Excitation table for a D flipflop. Its difference when compared to HTML which you covered earlier. The binary state of the flipflop is taken to be the value of the normal output. Write the truth table of OR Gate. This circuit should mean that if the lights are off and either sound or movement or both are detected, the alarm will sound. Transformation of a complex DPDN to a fully connected DPDN: design example. To best understand Boolean Algebra, we first have to understand the similarities and differences between Boolean Algebra and other forms of Algebra. Write a program that would keeps track of monthly repayments, and interest after four years. The network is of science topic needed resource in. We want to get and projects to download and in science. It for the security is one output in logic of application of the basic peripheral devices, they will not able to skip some masterslave flipflops are four binary. -
Anr018 Gnss I2c Communication
ANR018 GNSS I2C COMMUNICATION VERSION 1.2 JUNE 2, 2021 Revision history Manual Notes Date version 1.0 • Initial version June 2020 1.1 • Figure 7 and 8 updated July 2020 1.2 • Updated Chapter 3 June 2021 ANR018 GNSS I2C Communication version 1.2 © June 2021 www.we-online.com/wireless-connectivity 1 Abbreviations and abstract Abbreviation Description ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange CTS Clear to send I2C Inter-IC bus GND Ground GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System HIGH Digital (logic) high level IC Integrated Circuit IDC Insulation Displacement Contact LOW Digital (logic) low level µC Microcontroller NMEA National Marine Electronics Association OSP One Socket Protocol PC Personal Computer RTS Request to send SCL Serial Clock SDA Serial Data USB Universal Serial Bus ANR018 GNSS I2C Communication version 1.2 © June 2021 www.we-online.com/wireless-connectivity 2 Contents 1 Introduction5 2 I2C Digital interface6 2.1 General characteristics..............................6 2.2 SDA and SCL logic levels............................6 2.3 Communication phase..............................6 2.3.1 Idle state.................................6 2.3.2 START(S) and STOP(P) condition...................7 2.3.3 Data validity...............................7 2.3.4 Data format...............................8 2.3.5 Acknowledge and No-Acknowledge..................8 2.3.6 Addressing the GNSS module.....................8 2.3.7 GNSS communication protocol....................9 2.4 I2C timing parameters..............................9 3 Hardware Setup 10 3.1 Hardware Setup - 1.8V.............................. 10 3.2 Evaluation Board Modification - 1.8V...................... 11 3.3 Hardware Setup - Erinome-I........................... 13 3.4 Evaluation Board Modification - Erinome-I................... 14 4 Application Example 16 4.1 Total Phase Aardvark host adapter...................... -
Implementing Dimensional-View of 4X4 Logic Gate/Circuit for Quantum Computer Hardware Using Xylinx
BABAR et al.: IMPLEMENTING DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF 4X4 LOGIC GATE IMPLEMENTING DIMENSIONAL-VIEW OF 4X4 LOGIC GATE/CIRCUIT FOR QUANTUM COMPUTER HARDWARE USING XYLINX MOHAMMAD INAYATULLAH BABAR1, SHAKEEL AHMAD3, SHEERAZ AHMED2, IFTIKHAR AHMED KHAN1 AND BASHIR AHMAD3 1NWFP University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan 2City University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan 3ICIT, Gomal University, Pakistan Abstract: Theoretical constructed quantum computer (Q.C) is considered to be an earliest and foremost computing device whose intention is to deploy formally analysed quantum information processing. To gain a computational advantage over traditional computers, Q.C made use of specific physical implementation. The standard set of universal reversible logic gates like CNOT, Toffoli, etc provide elementary basis for Quantum Computing. Reversible circuits are the gates having same no. of inputs/outputs known as its width with 1-to-1 vectors of inputs/outputs mapping. Hence vector input states can be reconstructed uniquely from output states of the vector. Control lines are used in reversible gates to feed its reversible circuits from work bits i.e. ancilla bits. In a combinational reversible circuit, all gates are reversible, and there is no fan-out or feedback. In this paper, we introduce implementation of 4x4 multipurpose logic circuit/gate which can perform multiple functions depending on the control inputs. The architecture we propose was compiled in Xylinx and hence the gating diagram and its truth table was developed. Keywords: Quantum Computer, Reversible Logic Gates, Truth Table 1. QUANTUM COMPUTING computations have been performed during which operation based on quantum Quantum computer is a computation device computations were executed on a small no. -
Hardware Abstract the Logic Gates References Results Transistors Through the Years Acknowledgements
The Practical Applications of Logic Gates in Computer Science Courses Presenters: Arash Mahmoudian, Ashley Moser Sponsored by Prof. Heda Samimi ABSTRACT THE LOGIC GATES Logic gates are binary operators used to simulate electronic gates for design of circuits virtually before building them with-real components. These gates are used as an instrumental foundation for digital computers; They help the user control a computer or similar device by controlling the decision making for the hardware. A gate takes in OR GATE AND GATE NOT GATE an input, then it produces an algorithm as to how The OR gate is a logic gate with at least two An AND gate is a consists of at least two A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, has to handle the output. This process prevents the inputs and only one output that performs what inputs and one output that performs what is just a single input with rather simple behavior. user from having to include a microprocessor for is known as logical disjunction, meaning that known as logical conjunction, meaning that A NOT gate performs what is known as logical negation, which means that if its input is true, decision this making. Six of the logic gates used the output of this gate is true when any of its the output of this gate is false if one or more of inputs are true. If all the inputs are false, the an AND gate's inputs are false. Otherwise, if then the output will be false. Likewise, are: the OR gate, AND gate, NOT gate, XOR gate, output of the gate will also be false. -
Delay and Noise Estimation of CMOS Logic Gates Driving Coupled Resistive}Capacitive Interconnections
INTEGRATION, the VLSI journal 29 (2000) 131}165 Delay and noise estimation of CMOS logic gates driving coupled resistive}capacitive interconnections Kevin T. Tang, Eby G. Friedman* Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, PO Box 27031, Computer Studies Bldg., Room 420, Rochester, NY 14627-0231, USA Received 22 June 2000 Abstract The e!ect of interconnect coupling capacitance on the transient characteristics of a CMOS logic gate strongly depends upon the signal activity. A transient analysis of CMOS logic gates driving two and three coupled resistive}capacitive interconnect lines is presented in this paper for di!erent signal combinations. Analytical expressions characterizing the output voltage and the propagation delay of a CMOS logic gate are presented for a variety of signal activity conditions. The uncertainty of the e!ective load capacitance on the propagation delay due to the signal activity is also addressed. It is demonstrated that the e!ective load capacitance of a CMOS logic gate depends upon the intrinsic load capacitance, the coupling capacitance, the signal activity, and the size of the CMOS logic gates within a capacitively coupled system. Some design strategies are also suggested to reduce the peak noise voltage and the propagation delay caused by the interconnect coupling capacitance. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Coupling noise; Signal activity; Delay uncertainty; Deep submicrometer; CMOS integrated circuits; Intercon- nect; VLSI 1. Introduction On-chip coupling noise in CMOS integrated circuits (ICs), until recently considered a second- order e!ect [1,2], has become an important issue in deep submicrometer (DSM) CMOS integrated circuits [3}5]. -
48-Bit, High Current, Logic Level Digital I/O Board for PCI
User's Guide http://www.omega.com e-mail: [email protected] CIO-DIO48 CIO-DIO48H CIO-DIO96 CIO-DIO192 INTRODUCTION ................................... 1 Cable from DIO board QUICK START ..................................... 2 plugs into connector TM labeled IN Cable to second ERB or INSTALL THE INSTACAL SOFTWARE .................... 2 TM SSR board plugs into RUN INSTACAL ..................................... 2 connector labeled OUT OPERATION ....................................... 4 INSTALLATION ...................................... 4 BASE ADDRESS ...................................... 4 WAIT STATE JUMPER .................................. 6 INSTALLING THE CIO-DIO IN THE COMPUTER ............... 6 CABLING TO THE DIO CONNECTOR ....................... 7 SIGNAL CONNECTION - CIO-DIO48 ........................ 7 UNCONNECTED INPUTS FLOAT .......................... 8 CONNECTOR DIAGRAM ................................ 8 Cable from DIO board Cable to second ERB or ARCHITECTURE ................................... 9 plugs into connector SSR board plugs into labeled IN connector labeled OUT 82C55 CONTROL & DATA REGISTERS ...................... 9 82C55 DIGITAL I/O REGISTERS .......................... 11 SPECIFICATIONS ................................. 14 POWER CONSUMPTION ............................... 14 DIGITAL I/O ........................................ 15 ELECTRONICS AND INTERFACING ................. 16 PULL UP & PULL DOWN RESISTORS ...................... 16 UNCONNECTED INPUTS FLOAT ......................... 18 CIO-ERB-24 and SSR-RACK24 provide -
Designing Combinational Logic Gates in Cmos
CHAPTER 6 DESIGNING COMBINATIONAL LOGIC GATES IN CMOS In-depth discussion of logic families in CMOS—static and dynamic, pass-transistor, nonra- tioed and ratioed logic n Optimizing a logic gate for area, speed, energy, or robustness n Low-power and high-performance circuit-design techniques 6.1 Introduction 6.3.2 Speed and Power Dissipation of Dynamic Logic 6.2 Static CMOS Design 6.3.3 Issues in Dynamic Design 6.2.1 Complementary CMOS 6.3.4 Cascading Dynamic Gates 6.5 Leakage in Low Voltage Systems 6.2.2 Ratioed Logic 6.4 Perspective: How to Choose a Logic Style 6.2.3 Pass-Transistor Logic 6.6 Summary 6.3 Dynamic CMOS Design 6.7 To Probe Further 6.3.1 Dynamic Logic: Basic Principles 6.8 Exercises and Design Problems 197 198 DESIGNING COMBINATIONAL LOGIC GATES IN CMOS Chapter 6 6.1Introduction The design considerations for a simple inverter circuit were presented in the previous chapter. In this chapter, the design of the inverter will be extended to address the synthesis of arbitrary digital gates such as NOR, NAND and XOR. The focus will be on combina- tional logic (or non-regenerative) circuits that have the property that at any point in time, the output of the circuit is related to its current input signals by some Boolean expression (assuming that the transients through the logic gates have settled). No intentional connec- tion between outputs and inputs is present. In another class of circuits, known as sequential or regenerative circuits —to be dis- cussed in a later chapter—, the output is not only a function of the current input data, but also of previous values of the input signals (Figure 6.1). -
10.3 CMOS Logic Gate Circuits
11/14/2004 section 10_3 CMOS Logic Gate Circuits blank.doc 1/1 10.3 CMOS Logic Gate Circuits Reading Assignment: pp. 963-974 Q: Can’t we build a more complex digital device than a simple digital inverter? A: HO: CMOS Device Structure Q: A: HO: Synthesis of CMOS Gates HO: Examples of CMOS Logic Gates Example: CMOS Logic Gate Synthesis Example: Another CMOS Logic Gate Synthesis Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS 11/14/2004 CMOS Device Structure.doc 1/4 CMOS Device Structure For every CMOS device, there are essentially two separate circuits: 1) The Pull-Up Network 2) The Pull-Down Network The basic CMOS structure is: VDD A B C PUN D Inputs Y = f() A,B,C ,D A B PDN Output C D A CMOS logic gate must be in one of two states! Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS 11/14/2004 CMOS Device Structure.doc 2/4 State 1: PUN is open and PDN is conducting. VDD PUN In this state, the output is Y =0 LOW (i.e., Y =0). PDN State 2: PUN is conducting and PDN is open. VDD PUN In this state, Y =0 the output is HIGH (i.e.,Y =1). PDN Jim Stiles The Univ. of Kansas Dept. of EECS 11/14/2004 CMOS Device Structure.doc 3/4 Thus, the PUN and the PDN essentially act as switches, connecting the output to either VDD or to ground: VDD VDD OR Y =0 Y =VDD * Note that the key to proper operation is that one switch must be closed, while the other must be open. -
Voltage Translation How to Manage Mixed-Voltage Designs with NXP Level Translators SECTION 1.0 Why Voltage Translation Matters
Voltage translation How to manage mixed-voltage designs with NXP level translators SECTION 1.0 Why voltage translation matters Table of contents In recent years, voltage translation has become an important part of electronic design, especially in portable 1.0 Why voltage translation matters 3 applications. That’s because the latest data and application processors for mobile applications are typically 2.0 Unidirectional level translators 7 produced in advanced, low-power CMOS process technologies that use a supply voltage of 1.8 V or lower, but the peripherals they connect to, including memories, image sensors, relays, and RF transceivers, are more 2.1 Low-to-high level translation 7 likely to use older, lower-cost process technologies that operate at higher levels, at or above 3 or 5 V. Voltage- 2.2 High-to-low level translation 10 level translators (Figure 1-1) enable these different devices to work together, without producing damaging current flow or signal loss, so the system operates more efficiently and saves power. 3.0 Bidirectional level translators with direction pin 12 4.0 Bidirectional level translators with auto direction sensing 14 AC/DC Battery 4.1 Active devices for bidirectional translation with auto direction 14 charger 4.2 Passive devices for bidirectional translation with auto direction 19 5.0 Application-specific level translators 28 Memory Charger PMU SIM card 5.1 Translators for use with SIM cards 28 card 5.2 I2C muxes and switches that also perform bidirectional translation 30 Audio Cellular & RF, GPS, connectity Voltage-level translators WLAN, BT radio Blinker black light Voltage- Voltage- level Processor level translators translators Flash MCU, special I2C, MIPI, NFC/RFID function µC SPI UART Camera Voltage-level translators Display USB Keypad Sensor HDMI Figure 1-1. -
Logic Families
Logic Families PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Mon, 11 Aug 2014 22:42:35 UTC Contents Articles Logic family 1 Resistor–transistor logic 7 Diode–transistor logic 10 Emitter-coupled logic 11 Gunning transceiver logic 16 Transistor–transistor logic 16 PMOS logic 23 NMOS logic 24 CMOS 25 BiCMOS 33 Integrated injection logic 34 7400 series 35 List of 7400 series integrated circuits 41 4000 series 62 List of 4000 series integrated circuits 69 References Article Sources and Contributors 75 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 76 Article Licenses License 77 Logic family 1 Logic family In computer engineering, a logic family may refer to one of two related concepts. A logic family of monolithic digital integrated circuit devices is a group of electronic logic gates constructed using one of several different designs, usually with compatible logic levels and power supply characteristics within a family. Many logic families were produced as individual components, each containing one or a few related basic logical functions, which could be used as "building-blocks" to create systems or as so-called "glue" to interconnect more complex integrated circuits. A "logic family" may also refer to a set of techniques used to implement logic within VLSI integrated circuits such as central processors, memories, or other complex functions. Some such logic families use static techniques to minimize design complexity. Other such logic families, such as domino logic, use clocked dynamic techniques to minimize size, power consumption, and delay. Before the widespread use of integrated circuits, various solid-state and vacuum-tube logic systems were used but these were never as standardized and interoperable as the integrated-circuit devices. -
ECE 410: VLSI Design Course Lecture Notes (Uyemura Textbook)
ECE 410: VLSI Design Course Lecture Notes (Uyemura textbook) Professor Andrew Mason Michigan State University ECE 410, Prof. A. Mason Lecture Notes Page 2.1 CMOS Circuit Basics • CMOS = complementary MOS drain source – uses 2 types of MOSFETs gate gate to create logic functions •nMOS source drain nMOS pMOS •pMOS • CMOS Power Supply VDD CMOS – typically single power supply + CMOS VDD logic = – VDD, with Ground reference - logic circuit circuit • typically uses single power supply • VDD varies from 5V to 1V V •Logic Levels VDD logic 1 – all voltages between 0V and VDD voltages – Logic ‘1’ = VDD undefined – Logic ‘0’ = ground = 0V logic 0 voltages ECE 410, Prof. A. Mason Lecture Notes Page 2.2 Transistor Switching Characteristics •nMOS drain Vout nMOS –switching behavior gate • on = closed, when Vin > Vtn Vin nMOS – Vtn = nMOS “threshold voltage” + Vgs > Vtn = on Vgs – Vin is referenced to ground, Vin = Vgs - source • off = open, when Vin < Vtn •pMOS + source pMOS –switching behavior Vsg • on = closed, when Vin < VDD - |Vtp| - pMOS – |Vtp| = pMOS “threshold voltage” magnitude Vin Vsg > |Vtp| = on gate – Vin is referenced to ground, Vin = VDD-Vsg Vsg = VDD - Vin • off = open, when Vin > VDD - |Vtp| drain Rule to Remember: ‘source’ is at • lowest potential for nMOS • highest potential for pMOS ECE 410, Prof. A. Mason Lecture Notes Page 2.3 Transistor Digital Behavior •nMOS drain Vout nMOS Vin Vout (drain) gate Vin nMOS 1 Vs=0 device is ON + Vgs > Vtn = on 0 ? device is OFF Vgs - source •pMOS Vin Vout (drain) pMOS + source 1 ? device is OFF Vsg 0 Vs=VDD=1 device is ON - pMOS Vin Vsg > |Vtp| = on gate Vsg = VDD - Vin Vin drain pMOS Vout VDD off VDD-|Vtp| on Notice: on When Vin = low, nMOS is off, pMOS is on When Vin = high, nMOS is on, pMOS is off Vtn off Æ Only one transistor is on for each digital voltage nMOS ECE 410, Prof.