DOCSLIB.ORG

IMPLEMENTATION of the HELSINKI ACCORDS HEARING COMMISSION on SECURITY and I COOPERATION in EUROPE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IMPLEMENTATION of the HELSINKI ACCORDS HEARING COMMISSION on SECURITY and I COOPERATION in EUROPE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HELSINKI ACCORDS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND i COOPERATION IN EUROPE NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION THE OTTAWA HUMAN RIGHTS EXPERTS MEETING AND THE FUTURE OF THE HELSINKI PROCESS JUNE 25, 1985 Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 54-575 0 WASHINGTON :1985 IAA COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE ALFONSE M. D'AMATO, New York, Chairman STENY H. HOYER, Maryland, Cochairman JOHN HEINZ, Pennsylvania DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida JAMES A. McCLURE, Idaho SIDNEY R. YATES, Illinois MALCOLM WALLOP, Wyoming TIMOTHY E. WIRTH, Colorado GORDON J. HUMPHREY, New Hampshire EDWARD MARKEY, Massachusetts CLAIBORNE PELL, Rhode Island DON RITTER, Pennsylvania PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont CHRISTOPHER SMITH, New Jersey RUSSELL B. LONG, Louisiana JACK F. KEMP, New York DENNIS DECONCINI, Arizona JOHN E. PORTER, Illinois EXECUTIVE BRANCH The Honorable RICHARD NORMAN PERLE, Department of Defense VACANCY, Department of Commerce VACANCY, Department of State MICHAEL R. HATHAWAY, Staff Director MARY SUE HAFNER, General Counsel (11) CONTENTS WITNESSES JUNE 25, 1985 Page Schifter, Ambassador Richard, head of U.S. delegation to the Ottawa Human Rights Experts Meeting ............................................................ 5 Palmer, Robie M., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs.... 19 Matthews, Gary, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs ............................................................ 12 Gilman, Representative Benjamin A., U.S. Congress, Republican, 22d District.. 39 APPENDICES Report of the Ottawa Experts Meeting on Human Rights ...................................... 53 Text of speeches made at Ottawa Human Rights Experts Meeting: Statement by Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs Michael Arma- cost, May 9, 1985 ............................................................ 63 Introductory statement by Ambassador Richard Schifter, May 10, 1985 ...... 74 Plenary statement by Ambassador Richard Schifter on freedom of expres- sion and annex, May 15,1985 ............................................................ 91 Plenary statement by Ambassador Richard Schifter on the situation of religion in the U.S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia and annex, May 17, 1985 ...... 149 Plenary statement by'Ambassador Richard Schifter on social and eco- nomic issues,'May 22, 1985 ............................................................ 165 Plenary statement by Ambassador Richard Schifter on discrimination against national minorities and annex, May 28, 1985 ................................... 179 Statement on OME 8, OME 11, and OME 43 by Ambassador Richard Schifter, June 4, 1985 ................ ............................................ 194 Statement on incommunicado detention and access to prisoners proposal by Ambassador Richard Schifter, June 4, 1985 .............................................. 199 Statement concerning proposal on responding to human rights inquiries by Ambassador Richard Schifter, June 4, 1985 .............................................. 203 Closing statement by Ambassador Richard Schifter, June 17, 1985 .............. 206 Questions submitted to U.S. Department of State from Chairman Alfonse D'Amato and Cochairman Hoyer ............................................................ 208 (111) A PUBLIC HEARING ON THE OTTAWA HUMAN RIGHTS EXPERTS MEETING AND THE FUTURE OF THE HELSINKI PROCESS TUESDAY, JUNE 25, 1985 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE, Washington, DC The Commission met, pursuant to notice, in room 124, Dirksen Senate Office Building, 1st Street and Constitution Avenue NE., at 10 a.m., Senator Alfonse M. D'Amato, Chairman, and Representa- tive Steny H. Hoyer, Cochairman, presiding. In attendance: Commissioners and Senators Malcolm Wallop, Gordon J. Humphrey, and Dennis DeConcini; Commissioner and Representative John E. Porter; and Representatives Thomas P. Lantos and Sander M. Levin. Also in attendance: Michael R. Hathaway, staff director, and Mary Sue Hafner, general counsel of the Commission. OPENING STATEMENT OF COCHAIRMAN HOYER Mr. HOYER. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now commence this meeting of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Chairman D'Amato will be with us after testifying at another hear- ing. Are the witnesses here? Soon, OK. This hearing has been called to receive testimony about the Ottawa Human Rights Conference. We are optimistic about the presentations that were made at Ottawa and hopeful that the out- come would be positive. Some of us are going to withhold judgment as to whether the outcome was, in fact, positive until such time as we've had an opportunity to hear from you, Mr. Matthews and others, about your perceptions as to what went on. Obviously, all of us had high expectations about what could happen at this first conference which dealt solely with the issue of human rights and the implementation of the provisions of the Hel- sinki accords. We were particularly optimistic in view of the im- pending tenth year anniversary of the signing of the Helsinki Final Act to be observed in Helsinki on August 1. We look forward to hearing from you, Mr. Ambassador. Prior to recognizing you and Mr. Matthews for your statements, however, I would like to recognize Senator DeConcini from the State of Arizo- na. Senator DeConcini. Mr. DECONCINI. Cochairman Hoyer, thank you very much. I want to thank you and Chairman D'Amato for scheduling these (1) 2 hearings on the results of the Ottawa Human Rights Experts Meet- ing and its effect on the future of the Helsinki process. I'm pleased to be a new member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. I want to thank you, Cochairman Hoyer, for your leadership in this area. I look forward to working with you and my other colleagues here, both in the Senate and the uise, ito efns onue fulrl e of nthe Helsinki Finals Act The importance of this 35-nation conference which addressed "re- spect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief," cannot be over- emphasized. We are all members of the human family, and as long as any member of that family does not enjoy full human dignity and rights, none of us is truly free. While men and women are op- pressed in other lands, our freedom is only partial. It is my hopense tath testimony presented here today will pro- vide some insight, guidance, and assistance in our efforts to active- ly pursue compliance with the basic human rights provisions of the Helsinki Final Act. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Mr. HOYER. Thank you, Senator. And now I recognize Senator Gordon Humphrey from New Hampshire. Senator Humphrey. Mr. HUMPHREY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. For my part this morning, I want to focus on what I see as incon- sistency between the rhetoric of the United States on the subject of human rights apiand itsatin Iant to encompass not only human rights in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, but likewise in Af- ghanistan. While Afghanistan is not perfectly within the matter covered by the Helsinki agreements, nevertheless, I want to cite chapter 7 of the Helsinki agreements which, I think, makes it clear that Af- ghanistan is germane to any forum dealing with the Helsinki ac- cords. Quoting from chapter 7: In the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms, the participating states will act in conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It will also fulfill their obligations as set forth in the International Declarations and Agreements in this field, including inter alia the international covenants on human rights by which they may be bound. Mr. Chairman, it seems to me that you might even use the word hypocrisy in describing that divergence between U.S. rhetoric and U.S. policy. Over the last 2 months we have seen two perfect exam- ples, two glaring examples, of this mismatch. Some 2 months or so ago, Secretary Baldrige journeyed to Moscow to resume for the first time since the invasion of Afghani- stan negotiations of a body called the U.S./U.S.S.R. Joint Commer- cial Commission. The purpose of the Secretary's visit was to ex- plore ways to expand trade between our two nations. Just this past week, Secretary Block likewise journeyed to Moscow to again revive negotiations that had been suspended sub- sequent to the Afghan invasion, this time in the area of agricultur- al cooperation and the exchange of agricultural expertise. It happens that Senator Wallop and I had a little discussion on that point one day, and wondered what expertise the Soviets might 3 give us in the area of agriculture. A digression, but perhaps we are seeking advice on how to destroy our system of agriculture. Per- haps we're seeking expertise on forced collectivization. I can't imagine what kind of expertise we want to secure from the Soviets in the field of agriculture. In any case, my point is here are two examples where, presum- ably, with the cooperation of the State Department and the White House, high ranking, indeed Cabinet officers, have gone to Moscow against a background of continued Soviet human rights violations in the Soviet Union, in Eastern Europe and the grossest kind of human rights violations in Afghanistan. Those visits, those examples of business as usual, with a back- ground of Soviet violations, massive Soviet violations of human rights, can only send one message to Moscow
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1985
    Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc.. a fraternal non-profit association! rainian Weekly Vol. Llll No. 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 1985 25 cents Congressmen urge humane treatment CSCE nominates lights activists for political prisoners' families for 1985 Nobel Peace Prize WASHINGTON - Ninety year earlier. His father was sentenced in congressmen have co-signed a letter late 1974 to 10 years' labor camp and urging Soviet leader Konstantin exile. Chernenko to provide "more humane In the January 29 letter, the treatment" for members of two families congressmen cited recent reports that incarcerated for their political activities. authorities had interrupted The families- are Ukrainian human- correspondence between the Kovalevs rights activist Mykola Rudenko and his and banned visits between Mr. Kovalev wife, Raisa, and political prisoners Ivan and his wife. Kovalev. his wife. Tatiana Osipova. and They also urged that visits and his father. Sergei Kovalev, who is in correspondence be resumed between exile. Mr. Rudenko and his wife, and that Mr. Rudenko. 63, was a founding both families be given "proper medical member in 1976 of the Ukrainian attention." According to the letter, Ms. Helsinki Group, which was established Osipova and Sergei Kovalev are "in to monitor Soviet compliance with the need of hospitali?ation." Helsinki Accords on human rights and security in Europe. In 1978 he was The congressmen said they had Nominees for the 1985 information indicating that the two sentenced tasever+years-inalaber-eamp - Nobel Peace Prize: (clock­ and five years' internal exile, which he is families were "not being treated in wise from top left) My­ now serving in Gorno-Altayskaya accordance with the spirit of the kola Rudenko of the Autonomous Oblast.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works
    UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Citizens' Peace Movement in the Soviet Baltic Republics Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kk0x6vm Journal Journal of Peace Research, 23(2) ISSN 0022-3433 Author Taagepera, R Publication Date 1986 DOI 10.1177/002234338602300208 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Citizens’ Peace Movement in the Soviet Baltic Republics* REIN TAAGEPERA School of Social Sciences, University of California A citizens’ peace movement emerged in the Soviet Baltic republics in January 1980, when about 23 Lithuanians, Estonians, and Latvians signed an antiwar declaration in the wake of Soviet military in- volvement in Afghanistan. The concern for peace was intertwined with, but distinct from, concerns for national autonomy, civil rights, and ecology. The movement culminated with a proposal in October 1981 that the Baltic republics be enclosed in the Nordic Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. This proposal was signed by 38 Latvians, Lithuanians, and Estonians, in response to Brezhnev’s offer to consider some NWFZ-related measures ’applicable to our own territory’. At least five of the signatories have been jailed since then, and at least in one case the NWFZ proposal figured among the most incriminating char- ges. Despite some remaining problems of wording, the Baltic Letter on the NWFZ represented a major advance from uncompromising declaratory dissent toward advocacy of specific and negotiable mea- sures. The Baltic action preceded and partly inspired the formation of the now-defunct citizens’ peace group in Moscow, 1982. The demand for inclusion of the Baltic republics in the Nordic NWFZ was re- peated in a December 1983 letter by unnamed Estonian Peace Supporters to the Stockholm disarmament conference, in a rather declaratory style.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1984, No.13
    www.ukrweekly.com fiCJf"C І. Г- - д сл 3" га Published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association! rainian Weekly Vol. Lil No. 13 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 25, 1984 25 cents Moskai installed as bishop Marchenko gets 15 years of newly created eparchy NEW YORK.— Ukrainian human- rights activist Valeriy Marchenko was PARMA, Ohio - Bishop Robert M sentenced in Kiev on March 14 to 10 Moskai was recently installed as the years in a labor camp and five years' first bishop of the newly created Ukrai­ internal exile, reported the External nian Catholic Eparchy of St. Josaphat Representation of the Ukrainian Hel­ reported. The Way, a Ukrainian Catho­ sinki Group here. lic weekly published in Philadelphia. Mr. Marchenko was found guilty of The installation-took place at the St. "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda" Josaphat Astrodome on Wednesday, under Article 62 of the Ukrainian February 29, amid blizzard conditions Criminal Code. The charges stemmed which left the Greater Cleveland area from his alleged activities while impri­ covered with' 18 inches of snow. The soned in a labor camp from 1973 to weather prevented Apostolic Delegate 1981. Pio Laghi and other Catholic hierarchs The witnesses against the 36-year old from attending the historic ceremonies. author and translator included labor- However, Metropolitan Stephen camp administrators and agents of the Sulyk of Philadelphia received full KGB, the secret police. The verdict was authorization from the papal delegate read by H.l. Zubets, an assistant to and conducted the official ceremonies chairman of the Kiev city court.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with Paul Findley # IS-A-L-2013-002 Interview # 1: January 15, 2013 Interviewer: Mark Depue
    Interview with Paul Findley # IS-A-L-2013-002 Interview # 1: January 15, 2013 Interviewer: Mark DePue The following material can be used for educational and other non-commercial purposes without the written permission of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library. “Fair use” criteria of Section 107 of the Copyright Act of 1976 must be followed. These materials are not to be deposited in other repositories, nor used for resale or commercial purposes without the authorization from the Audio-Visual Curator at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, 112 N. 6th Street, Springfield, Illinois 62701. Telephone (217) 785-7955 Note to the Reader: Readers of the oral history memoir should bear in mind that this is a transcript of the spoken word, and that the interviewer, interviewee and editor sought to preserve the informal, conversational style that is inherent in such historical sources. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library is not responsible for the factual accuracy of the memoir, nor for the views expressed therein. We leave these for the reader to judge. DePue: Today is Tuesday, January 15, 2013. My name is Mark DePue. I’m the Director of Oral History with the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library. Today I’m in Jacksonville, Illinois, specifically, at Illinois College, Whipple Hall. I’m with Congressman Paul Findley. Good morning, sir. Findley: Good morning. DePue: I’ve been looking forward to this interview. I’ve started to read your autobiography. You’ve lived a fascinating life. Today I want to ask you quite a bit to get your story about growing up here in Jacksonville and your military experiences during World War II, and maybe a little bit beyond that, as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Generate PDF of This Page
    Institute of National Remembrance https://ipn.gov.pl/en/news/4466,Two-Victories-over-Communism-Jaroslaw-Szarek-PhD.html 2021-09-23, 20:06 25.08.2020 Two Victories over Communism, Jarosław Szarek Ph.D. In the 20th century two Polish victories changed the course of general history: stopping a march of the Bolsheviks to the Polish Republic and further to the West in 1920 and the first step on the way to free Central and Eastern Europe from the system imposed by Moscow in 1980. Both great victories over communism, impossible according to rational assessment, were won by our ancestors because a well-informed minority could overcome long-lasting weaknesses of the nation, wake it up from a lethargy and bring Poles together around fundamental values. The faces of people gathered on 15 August 1981 in Ossów look very attentive. The oldest of them must still remember the horror and joy from over sixty years ago. Several dozens photos stored at the IPN Archive show tens of people standing next to the monument of Father Ignacy Skorupka, which was rebuilt at the times of Solidarity, after it had been destroyed by communists. Father Wacław Karłowicz, who was thirteen in 1920, is delivering a speech. Next to him, an elderly man in an uhlan uniform is standing at attention ‒ he enlisted as a seventeen-year-old in the Volunteer Army of General Józef Haller. It was quite similar in summer 1981 in Płock, where a fourteen-year-old defender of the city, Antoni Gradowski was commemorated, and in so many other places of victory over Bolshevism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1987
    ТаІИНPublishtd by tht Ukrainian National A5sociation Inc.. a fraternal non-profit associationу| Vol. LV No.9 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 1.1987 25 cent5 Treblinka survivors' testimony begins Gen. Petro Grigorenko dies NEW YORK - Petro Hryhorovych in Demjanjui( trial's second week Grigorenko, a founding member of Special to Svoboda and The Weekly said, wore black uniforms, while the both the Moscow and Ukrainian Hel­ Germans were dressed in green. He sinki monitoring groups, and a former JERUSALEM - Two survivors of recalled his experiences in the camp Red Army general, died here at Beth the Treblinka death camp testified this dramatically and emotionally as he had Israel Hospital on Saturday, February week at the war crimes trial of John done in German and American courts, 21. He was 79. Demjanjuk, and both identified the at legal proceedings against, among A tireless defender of human and retired autoworker as "Ivan of Tre­ others, Feodor Fedorenko and Mr. national rights until his death, Gen. blinka" in dramatic appearances. Demjanjuk. Grigorenko was confined for nearly six During cross-examination of both Mr. Epstein pointed at Mr. Demjan­ years (1963-1964, 1969-1974) in Soviet witnesses, the defense pointed out juk and shouted, "This is the man, the psychiatric hospitals in retaliation for inconsistencies in each witness's own man sitting over there," in identifying such activities. testimony given at various times as well him as a guard at Treblinka named In 1978, while in the United States for as discrepancies between the testimo­ Ivan. Some of the spectators at the trial medical treatment, he was stripped of nies of both men.
    [Show full text]
  • Save Pdf (0.16
    EDITORIAL COMMENT 75 UPPER SILESIA On October 12, 1921, the Council of the League of Nations unani­ mously adopted a recommendation fixing the boundary line between Ger­ many and Poland in Upper Silesia as follows: The frontier-line would follow the Oder from the point where that river enters Upper Silesia as far as Niebotschau; it would then run towards the northeast, leaving in Polish territory the communes of Hohenbirken, Wilhelmsthal, Easchutz, Adamowitz, Bogunitz, Lissek, Summin, Zwonowitz, Chwallenczitz, Ochojetz, Wilcza (upper and lower), Kriewald, Knurow, Gieraltowitz, Preiswitz, Makoschau, Kunzendorf, Paulsdorf, Ruda, Orzegow, Schlesiengrube, Hohenlinde; and leaving in German territory the communes o f Ostrog, Markowitz, Babitz, Gurek, Stodoll, Niederdorf, Pilchowitz, Nie- borowitzer Hammer, Nieborowitz, Schbnwald, Ellguth, Zabrze, Sosnica, Mathesdorf, Zaborze, Biskupitz, Bobrek, Schomberg; thence it would pass between Eossberg (which falls to Germany) and Birkenhain (which falls to Poland) and would take a north­ westerly direction, leaving in German territory the communes o f Karf, Miechowitz, Stollarzowitz, Friedrichswille, Ptakowitz, Larischhof, Miedar, Hanusek, Neudorf- Tworog, Kottenlust, Potemba, Keltsch, Zawadski, Pluder-Petershof, Klein-Lagiewnik, Skrzidlowitz, Gwosdzian, Dzielna, Cziasnau, Sorowski, and leaving in Polish territory the communes o f Scharley, Eadzionkau, Trockenberg, Neu-Eepten, Alt-Eepten, Alt- Tarnowitz, Eybna, Piassetzna, Boruschowitz, Mikoleska, Drathhammer, Bruschiek, Wiistenhammer, Kokottek, Koschmieder,
    [Show full text]
  • The Siloviki in Russian Politics
    The Siloviki in Russian Politics Andrei Soldatov and Michael Rochlitz Who holds power and makes political decisions in contemporary Russia? A brief survey of available literature in any well-stocked bookshop in the US or Europe will quickly lead one to the answer: Putin and the “siloviki” (see e.g. LeVine 2009; Soldatov and Borogan 2010; Harding 2011; Felshtinsky and Pribylovsky 2012; Lucas 2012, 2014 or Dawisha 2014). Sila in Russian means force, and the siloviki are the members of Russia’s so called “force ministries”—those state agencies that are authorized to use violence to respond to threats to national security. These armed agents are often portrayed—by journalists and scholars alike—as Russia’s true rulers. A conventional wisdom has emerged about their rise to dominance, which goes roughly as follows. After taking office in 2000, Putin reconsolidated the security services and then gradually placed his former associates from the KGB and FSB in key positions across the country (Petrov 2002; Kryshtanovskaya and White 2003, 2009). Over the years, this group managed to disable almost all competing sources of power and control. United by a common identity, a shared worldview, and a deep personal loyalty to Putin, the siloviki constitute a cohesive corporation, which has entrenched itself at the heart of Russian politics. Accountable to no one but the president himself, they are the driving force behind increasingly authoritarian policies at home (Illarionov 2009; Roxburgh 2013; Kasparov 2015), an aggressive foreign policy (Lucas 2014), and high levels of state predation and corruption (Dawisha 2014). While this interpretation contains elements of truth, we argue that it provides only a partial and sometimes misleading and exaggerated picture of the siloviki’s actual role.
    [Show full text]
  • Yelena Bonner—A Commanding Voice for Human Rights & Heroic Figure for Karabagh Armenians Passes Away
    ZORYAN INSTITUTE OF CANADA, INC. PRESS RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Patil Halajian DATE: June 23, 2011 Tel: 416-250-9807 Yelena Bonner—a Commanding Voice for Human Rights & Heroic Figure for Karabagh Armenians Passes Away Armenians mourn the loss of Yelena Bonner, a great humanist, and a leading combatant against the injustices of the Soviet era. She will forever remain relevant and inspirational to people worldwide, and to Armenians particularly, because of her forceful advocacy on behalf of the people of Karabagh. Yelena Bonner, the wife of Andrei Sakharov, the Soviet Union's most prominent dissident scientist, and developer of Russia‟s first hydrogen bomb, was co-founder the Moscow Helsinki Group in the 1970s. By relentlessly challenging state oppression, it quickly became the most active rights group in the entire movement. The organization‟s mission was to publicize Soviet violations of the Helsinki Accord signed in 1975, recognizing Soviet hegemony in photo by Mikhail Lemkhin return for assurance of fundamental freedoms and human rights guarantees. Throughout her lifetime, Ms. Bonner lent her voice to many causes. She spoke very passionately on the human rights violations committed by Azerbaijan in Karabagh and virtually from the onset of the national liberation movement there, she defended the right of the Armenian nation to self-determination. She did so from the highest platforms, calling international attention to the issue. Among her public appearances was a lecture on “Nationalities in the Soviet Union: Possible Solutions within the Framework of a Revised Constitution,” which she made under the auspices of the Zoryan Institute and the Amnesty International Group of Harvard Law School in 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • Wayne Hays Charles Carney James Stant
    _ SWING CONGRESSMEN ON S. 1868 AND R.R. 8005 ON SANCTIO..NS AGAINST RHODESIA June 20, 1973 Member District Area _OiH-I-e------ - ------- Wayne Hays 18th Ru.ral and small town industrial area, including Steubenville Charles Carney 19th Steel towns of Youngstown and Warren James Stanton 20th Part of Cleveland and west ILLINOIS Frank Annunzio 11th Part of Chicago Morgan Murphy 2nd Far south side of Chicago Samuel Young 10th North shore suburbs of Chicago Ed Derwinski 4th Part of Chicago John Kluczynski 5th Chicago area Robert McClory 13th Chicago area Kenneth Gray 24th Chicago area George Shipley 22nd Chicago area Tom Railsback 19th Between Chicago and Omaha, including Democratic Rock Island and Republi­ can rural area MICHIGAN Guy Vander Jagt 9th Industrial Democratic Muskegon in Republican western. Michigan Martha Griffiths 17th Northwest white collar, Protestant Detroit William Broomfield 19th Northwest white-collar suburbs of Detroit Philip Ruppe llyh Upper Peninsula plus resort area of Lower Peninsula Gary Brown 3rd Outstate Michigan, including Kala­ mazoo and Battle Creek INDIANA Ray Madden 1st Northwestern Ind., inclr.~ing indust­ rial Gary and suburb J. Edward Roush 4th Fort Wayne, industrial town MISSOURI Bill Burlison 10th Southeast corner of state William Randall 4th Kansas City and Suburbs plus Demo­ cratic rural counties WISCONSIJ.II William Steiger 6th Small industrial cities north of Milwaukee MINNESOTA Joseph Karth 4th St. Paul and Northern Suburbs KANSAS William Roy 2nd Northeast corner of state, dominated by Topeka PENNSYLVANIA
    [Show full text]
  • The Paper War
    1 The Paper War Prologue What happened one hundred years ago, nearly to the day? Everybody in this room would know: The United States, in April 1917, finally terminated her official neutrality and declared war on Germany. What else? Only a few history buffs would know that the US did NOT declare war on Austria at the same time. The Austro-Hungarian Empire, however, severed diplomatic relations with Washington. Why? Dominating Berlin requested it. Significantly, Berlin had not followed Vienna when Rome had declared war on Austria in May 1915. Rome did that because of the secret London treaty concluded just weeks before in which the Allies promised rich harvest if Italy joins them. For another eight months (April-December 1917), the status in the relations between Washington and Vienna remained in limbo. Both warfaring countries seemed to be interested to keep things that way. Only when Italy suffered utter defeat from a gas attack of German and Austrian forces (Caporetto disaster) in November 1917 the US considered taking the next step. In the meantime President Wilson had not only installed a propaganda vehicle to explain the necessity of war with Germany to the public (Committee on Public Information) but he had also assembled a group of experts, mainly historians, to gather information about and from Europa. This circle called itself “The Inquiry” and later became part of the “American Commission to Negotiate Peace” in Paris. One thesis tonight: Not only was there no necessity for this “Austrian war”. We are also continuously looking at the wrong theatre of war.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ukrainian Weekly 1989
    ubiished by the Ukrainian National Association Inc.. -J I c. a fraternal non-profit associitiori| rainian H V Vol. LVII No. 22 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 28, 1989 50 cents USSR national-democratic movements'Congress of People's Deputies convenes western representatives meet in ParisUkrainia n faithful in Moscow PARIS - Twenty two Western the signatories write: representatives of national-democratic "We fully share your democratic raise Catholic Church issue movements of various nationalities in aspirations and deem it our principal MOSCOW - More than 400 faithful memorial service at the hotel, Revolu­ the USSR met here on May 6-11 and task to support the demands of demo­ took part in a Ukrainian Catholic tion Plaza and Karl Marx Street, called formed a mutual Coordinating Center, cracy and independence. moleben in front of the Moskva Hotel for the legalization of the Ukrainian called Democracy and Independence, "Coming from the possibilities of the on Thursday morning. May 25, as Catholic Church in the Soviet Union. A to support the movements' ideas and democratic world in which we live, we newly elected ministers to the Congress delegation of 150 to 200 Ukrainians activities. establish as our goal to assist in your of People's Deputies filed past them on from western Ukraine, among them Mr. According to a May 11 statement, the fight to win freedom for our nations." their way to the first session of this Неї, took part in a two-and-a-half coordinating center was organized at Four former Ukrainian political parliament, according to Ivan Неї, head service celebrated by the Rev.
    [Show full text]