Enabling Cryogenic Hydrogen-Based CO2-free Air Transport (ENABLEH2)

Dr. Bobby Sethi - ENABLEH2 Project Coordinator Senior Lecturer in Gas Turbine Combustion and Environmental Impact, Propulsion Engineering Centre, Cranfield University

9th EASN Conference on Innovation in Aviation and Space 3rd – 6th September 2019, Athens, Greece

This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under GA n° 769241 • • • • • • • ENABLEH2 project ENABLEH2 the to Introduction ENABLEH2 impact ENABLEH2 roadmap Proposed scope ENABLEH2 LH for case The GA no. 769241no. GA 20.04.2020 – – EASN Importance strategic 2 for aviation for civil 9 th EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space Contents 3 rd rd – 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece Images Images courtesy of Riccardo Mazzeo and James and James Tidd 2

CONFIDENTIAL Project Partners: Project Project Duration:September2018 Budget:3,987,681€ European HydrogenEuropean Association Cranfield University (coordinators), London South University Bank and Heathrow Cranfield University(coordinators), Airport Safran and Safran Arttic Chalmers University and GKN and University Chalmers Aerospace innovation the The GA no. 769241no. GA ENABLEH European programme 20.04.2020 2 project Union ENABL under CO is H receiving 2020 GA 2 n - o research : – free Air Transport (ENABLEH2) 769241 funding August2021 ing Cryog from and 9 th EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 rd rd – 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece E nic H ydrogen - Based 3

CONFIDENTIAL Royce Power International GKN Abengoa Companies: Confirmed Board: Advisory Singh Singh Dr. Individuals:Confirmed Total Eric Goodger,Eric UK, Aerospace Systems, Innovación, Safran GA no. 769241no. GA Airlines Dr. MTU Aircraft Services Anthony Jackson, Prof. David Mba, Prof. Riti Riti Prof. David Mba, Prof. Jackson, Anthony Group Airbus 20.04.2020 Aero , Engines, ENABLEH2 Network and Community France, Lufthansa Engines, Limited Air Siemens, , Technik, Liquide, Reaction ICAO, Siemens Dassault, Mitsubishi 9 th Engines, IATA EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 rd rd , – 6 PLM th th Gexcon, September September 2019, Athens, Greece Infosys, Hitachi Rolls and - 4

CONFIDENTIAL GA no. 769241no. GA 20.04.2020 ENABLEH2 9 th EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 rd rd – 6 Strategic Importance th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece 5

CONFIDENTIAL Images courtesy of NASA and EU H2020 ULTIMATE EU courtesyH2020 Project Images NASA and of propulsive efficiency airframe propulsive andoverall Disruptive propulsion, aircraft and aircraft propulsion, Disruptive electrical technologies to improve improve to electrical technologies and engineintegration GA no. 769241no. GA 20.04.2020 CO 2  ENABLEH2 Environmental Impact Impact Environmental ,CO  , UHC ,  , Soot Soot , technologies for enhancing thermal enhancing technologies for 9 th EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space efficiency and reducing NOx efficiencyreducing and Disruptive propulsion core propulsion Disruptive  3 rd rd  NOx – 6 Strategic Importance th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece  , (with appropriate mission management and management mission appropriate (with + CO Environmental Impact Environmental 2 LH ,CO, UHC, Soot, Soot, UHC, ,CO, Energy EfficiencyEnergy system and more electrical disruptive disruptive electrical more and system these advanced aircraft, propulsion propulsion aircraft, advanced these LH 2 production methods) production 2 is a key ENABLER for many of manyENABLER akeyfor is technologies technologies NOx        , 6

CONFIDENTIAL Ref : Montreal, ICAO Environmental Report (2010) Environmental Branch, International Canada GA no. 769241no. GA 20.04.2020 LH 2 - Civil What About Contrails? 9 AviationOrganisation, th EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 rd rd – 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece • • • (persistent contrail avoidance trajectories) thermodynamic thermodynamic cycles? Should we consider less “aggressive” Appropriate mission management Less particulate emissions 7

CONFIDENTIAL GA no. 769241no. GA 20.04.2020 Hydrogen Micromix Combustion No CO/UHC/Soot 9 th Why Hydrogen? 11 EL ISPD). EL 11 Unionsubmitted (contract Europeanto no.5077 EQHHPP, III.0 Phasepropulsion. in airhydrogen of use al. et Potential SA, M, Bagheri F, Lowe A, Suttrop Ziemann MayrJ, A, Anagnostou EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space No Carbon 3 rd rd – 6 th th Less Less Luminous September September 2019, Athens, Greece Better liner durability Radiation - 3. 3. report,Final Wider Wider stability limits Leaner combustion - 92 Lower flame temperature - thermal thermal NOx Lower Lower Higher burning velocity Lower residence time Higher reaction rate combustor Shorter Higher diffusivity Faster 8 mixing

CONFIDENTIAL • • • Combustion Funke, GA no. 769241no. GA More flexibility for customised fuel scheduling: fuel customised flexibility for More Diffusion flame maximised intensity minimised while mixing scale length Mixing Harald ▪ ▪ Chamber Control of thermoacoustic instabilities thermoacoustic of Control Tailor zone) dilution (withoutdistribution temperature outlet H - W . , et for 20.04.2020 al an . "Development Industrial - reduces risk of flashback of risk reduces Gas and Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Turbine Testing . " of a Low NOx Micromix 9 th Why Micromix? EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 rd rd – 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece 9

CONFIDENTIAL GA no. 769241no. GA Key Key Likely Public Perception of Safety Actual Safety Record in Transportation to Jet-A1 relative Safety Effect on (beyond 2050) Long Term (up to 2050) Short-Medium Term to Jet-A1 relative Costs Effect on (well to wake) Over the Life Cycle At Mission Level to Jet-A1 relative Emissions Effect on ProductionRoutes and Fuels Alternative 20.04.2020 CO Life Life Cycle Costs Airport Integration Costs Aircraft Engineering Costs Fuel Production Costs Life Cycle Costs Airport Integration Costs Aircraft Engineering Costs Fuel Production Costs Long Term Sustainability CH CO Contrails Water Vapour Soot / Particulates CO and UHC NO Energy Efficiency The Case for LH2 for Civil Aviation 4 X 2 2 emissions (leakage) emissions emissions Indicates greater uncertainty 9 Drop-in replacements Drop-in th (from algae) EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space Bio-fuels 3 rd rd – 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece Kerosene Synthetic Superior to Jet-A1 Inferior to Jet-A1 Conventional / Fracking Biomass LNG Synthetic LNG Significant benefit re. Jet-A1 No clear benefit re. Jet-A1 Non-renewable LH 2 Renewable / Nuclear 10

CONFIDENTIAL GA no. 769241no. GA 20.04.2020 ENABLEH2 Project Scope 9 th EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 rd rd – 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece 11

CONFIDENTIAL GA no. 769241no. GA 20.04.2020 ENABLEH2 Technology Evaluation 9 th EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 QFD Down rd rd – (for (for LR and SMR) 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece - selection selection

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CONFIDENTIAL GA no. 769241no. GA 20.04.2020 Synergies and Proposed Roadmap 9 th EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 rd rd – 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece GH H Fuels used in civil aviation… civil Fuels in used LH aircraft LNG Multi LH LH 2 2 2 2 forground vehicles 2 /LNG forcryo Gasoline aircraft high low - fuel aircraftfuel studies 1940 - - power fuel fuel powercell powerAPU/fuelcell - cooling/APU 1960 B flight flight tests - 57 (NACA) 1980 Kerosene Tu 2000 - 155 flight 155flight tests CRYOPLANE BMW‘Hydrogen7’ LH GH 2 AHEAD fuel cell vehicle cell fleet fuel expands 2020 HYCARUS GH study ULTIMATE ENABLEH2 meeting increasing aviation meetingincreasing energydemands superconductingtofacilitate used TeDP amountssmall cryoRelatively of Demonstrator? 2040 or dual orcryofuelscombinations kerosene/bioPossible 2 emissions’ secondarypower emissions’ LH cars 2 flight flight demonstration 2 bio benefitreducedwith emissions mediumPossible fuel cells provide fuel cells ‘zero - ‘Drop 2060 fuel - in’ Long and lowest emissions andlowest - LNG termcost 2080 - fuel/cryofuel - em CH term 13 - fuel are fuel - LH - benefit Batteries 2 4 2100 cost - CONFIDENTIAL • • • • ENABLEH Develop Complement very Develop Revitalise 4. 3. 2. 1. ambitious 2 GA no. 769241no. GA Prioritising in Demonstrating Alleviating N+C Engaging will technologies technologies the ▪ ▪ ▪ enthusiasm : tool Website Journal Dedicated long research environmental 20.04.2020 with public term dissemination publications ( key and which www in that in (particularly ENABLEH perception LH other aviation safety the . 2 enableh will for targets sectors environmental : civil make practices 2 stakeholders ENABLEH2 in safety 2 sessions aviation . for eu a thereby a heightened 9 ) civil th substantial and EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space concerns that 3 rd rd aviation by during – case Social 6 supporting may th th : and September September 2019, Athens, Greece for environmental be about contribution the Media ASME LH adopted broader 2 - transition LH will (Twitter Turbo Impact 2 for also across to community civil Expo awareness : @Enableh_ meeting towards be aviation supported a 2019 number a (and through and scenario) hydrogen 2 ) of even by EASN sectors an the exceeding) economic economy 2019 dedicated (e . g conferences . energy) case many ENABLEH for 14 of LH the 2 2

CONFIDENTIAL Senior Lecturer Presenter Infrastructure” Supporting Presentation Senior Combustion KeyExpert and Global Technical Focal Point for Combustion CFD Presenter TurbineGas Stationary Industry 3 Presentation Research Fellowin Hydrogen Micromix Combustion, Cranfield University Presenter Presentation Senior Expert, Advanced Aircraft Concepts and Methods and Senior Group Expert, Integrated Aircraft Systems and Operation, Saf Presenter Presentation PhD student, Chalmers Universityof Technology Presenter Presentation – – – – – Dr. Askin T.Isikveren Mr. Dr. Gauthier Pierre Prof. Dr. GA no. 769241no. GA – 6: Hydrogen6: Integration5: Hydrogen4: 2 : Benefits : Hydrogen: Explosion and Fire Research Group, London South Bank Universit Claire M. Benson M. Claire Xiaoxiao Sun Isak Jonsson Jonsson Isak 20.04.2020 of ENABLEH2 Numerical and Experimental Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Research for the for Research Combustion Micromix HydrogenExperimental and ENABLEH2ofNumerical – – – of Cryogenic Hydrogen Fuel and Propulsion Systems for Commercial for AviationSystemsPropulsionand Fuel Hydrogen Cryogenicof ATechnically“Technology Fuel: Sustainableand Feasible LH of Evaluation A“Ultra Fuel: Clean Enabling a Safe Fuel: “Safety Challenges and Opportunities for LH for andOpportunitiesChallenges “SafetyFuel:a Safe Enabling ENABLEH2 9 th - low NO low EASN Conference EASN Conference Innovation on Aviation in and Space 3 rd rd – 6 th th September September 2019, Athens, Greece x Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Systems for LH for SystemsCombustion Micromix Hydrogen – EASN Session y – Siemens 2 - fuelled aircraft and aircraft fuelled 2 - Fuelled Aircraft” 2 ran - fuelled aircraft” aircraft” fuelled Tech. 15

CONFIDENTIAL The ENABLEH2 project is receiving funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 769241

Thank you! [email protected]

20.04.2020

This project has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under GA n° 769241