Eulogy for the Clinical Research Center
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The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits. -
December 11, 2001, NIH Record, Vol. LIII, No. 25
R a Still The Second Best Thing About Payday Dyer Lecturer Probes Persistence H GHL I G •H -TS Post-Sept. 11 Strategies Debated Of Cellular Memory Current, Future Security Measures By Anne A . Oplinger Cellular memory, one of the immune NIH Presents Weighed at Town Meeting system's most astounding characteristics, Security Issues to Employees By Carla Garnett is the subject of the 50th R.E. Dyer lecture he adage "you can never please everyone" might wel~ have scheduled for Wednesday, Dec. 19. The been written to describe reaction to heightened security 0 lecture, lmmuno N IH Gains New measures taken and planned for NIH following the Sept. 11 logical Memory: Deputy Director T tragedy. That's according to an unofficial barometer of e~ployee Lessons for Vaccine remarks Nov. 19 at the first of fow: scheduled town meetmgs on Development.ff will "Safety and Security at the NIH." There was perhaps only one I #. be presented by Dr. NCI Reports on thing everyone could agree on: That is, NIH now conducts Rafi Ahmed at 3 p.m. Progress Against business differently than it did before Sept. 11. in Masur Audito Cancer "Tllis is an opportunity to fill you in on what's going on, the rium, Bldg. 10. -~~-~ · . 1 rationale for what's happening and to hear your ideas," said Dr. """' . ' .,_ Michael Gottesman NIH deputy director for intramural research, . -~ .... Anyone who has during opening rem;rks at the meeting held in Masu_r Auditorium. had chicken pox, Acknowledging that many employees have asked him what they Dr. Rafi Ahmed mumps, measles or can do to help NIH and the nation at a time like this, Gottesman certain other told the audience "What we do here already is of incredible childhood diseases will never have that importance to th~ country. -
January 22, 2010, NIH Record, Vol. LXII, No. 2
JANUARY 22, 2010 The Second Best Thing About Payday VOL. LXII, NO. 2 King’s Lessons Are Not Past, but Present By Valerie Lambros ABOVE · The renovation of Bldg. 3 will retain ore than 40 years after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., the some architectural features. See story country has surely come a long way. However, as the keynote speaker of the below. M NIH presentation to observe the civil rights leader’s birthday pointed out, there is features much work to be done. The NIH event celebrating King’s life and work was kicked off by a performance by 1 musicians from the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz and headlined by author and King’s Legacy Still Lives sociologist Dr. Michael Eric Dyson. 3 NIH director Dr. Francis Collins NHLBI Hosts Stem Cell Symposium opened the event by reflecting on 7 King’s message of service to others. NIH Recruits Management Interns Recalling a famous King quote, Collins said, “We all must decide whether we 12 will walk in the light of creative altru- Jackson Ends 62-Year NIH Career ism, or the darkness of destructive self- ishness.” Dr. Vivian Pinn, director of departments see king observance, page 6 Dr. Michael Eric Dyson gives the keynote lecture at NIH’s annual King celebration. Briefs 2 Digest 10 ‘Decommissioned’ Bldg. 3 Gets Ready to U.S.-India Research Collaboration Volunteers 11 Shine Again Addresses HIV, STDs By Valerie Lambros By David Taylor Facelifts aren’t common treatments at NIH. U.S. and Indian scientists gathered recent- Unless you’re talking about buildings. -
Sanofi-Aventis Press Release
Sanofi-aventis press release Sanofi-aventis appoints Dr. Elias Zerhouni, President, Global Research & Development Paris, France - December 14, 2010 - Sanofi-aventis (EURONEXT: SAN and NYSE: SNY) is pleased to announce the appointment of Dr. Elias Zerhouni as President, Global Research & Development, covering Medicines and Vaccines, effective January 1, 2011. Dr. Zerhouni will report directly to Christopher A. Viehbacher, Chief Executive Officer of sanofi-aventis, and join the Executive Committee and the Management Committee. Marc Cluzel, M.D., Ph.D., will resign as Executive Vice President, R&D but will continue to work closely with Elias as a scientific expert. “I would like to sincerely thank Marc for his long term contribution. His passion for science and commitment thus far has ensured a readiness to lead the implementation of the transformation of R&D over the past few years,” said Christopher A. Viehbacher, Chief Executive Officer of sanofi-aventis. Since his appointment as Scientific Advisor to Christopher Viehbacher in February 2009, Dr. Zerhouni has been instrumental in redesigning the R&D model to foster increased innovation, the first pillar of the Group’s strategy. The effect of this transformation has already delivered results with a reinvigorated R&D that will provide innovative solutions in response to specific, unmet needs of patients. Centered on the patient, the development of scientific networks and openness to the external scientific world has strengthened the creativity and the flexibility of the company and brought a truly entrepreneurial approach to research. “I have had the privilege of working with Elias for a long time. Through his vast experience and visionary approach, he has provided excellent advice and insight and has been central in implementing what is now one of the most promising R&D models in healthcare,” said Christopher A. -
Springer International Publishing AG, Part of Springer Nature 2018 1 M
Biomedicine and Its Historiography: A Systematic Review Nicolas Rasmussen Contents Introduction ....................................................................................... 1 What Is Biomedicine? ............................................................................ 2 Biomedicine’s Postwar Development ............................................................ 7 The Distribution of Activity in Biomedicine and in Its Historiography . ...................... 14 Conclusion ........................................................................................ 19 References ........................................................................................ 20 Abstract In this essay I conduct a quantitative systematic review of the scholarly literature in history of life sciences, assessing how well the distribution of the activity of historians aligns with the distribution of activities of scientists across fields of biomedical research as defined by expenditures by the cognate institutes of the United States NIH. I also ask how well the distribution of resources to the various research fields of biomedicine in the second half of the 20th Century has aligned with morbidity and mortality in the United States associated with the cognate disease categories. The two exercises point to underexplored areas for historical work, and open new historical questions about research policy in the US. Introduction I have taken an unusual approach in this essay to ask a question that, to my knowledge, has not been addressed before: how -
Leading History Elias A. Zerhouni, MD December 19, 2019
Episode 16: Leading History Elias A. Zerhouni, MD December 19, 2019 American College of Radiology, through its Radiology Leadership Institute (RLI), offers this podcast as one of a series of educational discussions with radiology leaders. The podcasts reflect the perspectives of the individual leaders, not of ACR or RLI. ACR disclaims liability for any acts or omissions that occur based on these discussions. Listeners may download the transcript for their own learning and share with their colleagues in their practices and departments. However, they may not copy and redistribute any portion of the podcast content for any commercial purpose. Episode 16: Leading History Elias A. Zerhouni, MD [00:00:01.282] Geoff: This month, we have an extra special holiday treat for you. As you will soon hear, Elias Zerhouni has had profoundly broad influence both within the field of radiology and well beyond it through the establishment of national policies for the organization and prioritization of health sciences research, advising international heads of state on science and technology strategy, facilitating the global availability of vaccines, and reorganizing one of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies to pivot from small molecule discovery to the development of therapeutic biologics. Elias Zerhouni has fearlessly approached his career as a series of professional disruptions that offer a lesson to us all in taking chances and making bold decisions. [00:00:51.453] No matter where you are in your career, as you listen to Elias's story, I invite you to reflect on your own journey and the decisions that you may be facing. -
Interview with Dr. James Wyngaarden (JW) Jennifer Midura (JM), Center for Public Genomics, Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University December 8, 2006
Interview with Dr. James Wyngaarden (JW) Jennifer Midura (JM), Center for Public Genomics, Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University December 8, 2006 JM: The information I am about to give you and your response will now be recorded. My name is Jennifer Midura and I am a student at Duke University. I am in a course on the history of genomics that includes oral history. One goal is to produce a written transcript of interviews with important figures in genomics. Some of the interviews may be archived or made public through a website. I selected you as the person I would like to interview. The interview should last about 45 minutes. Your participation in this interview is strictly voluntary, and you may withdraw at any time. You do not have to answer every question asked. The information that you provide will be “on the record” and may be attributed to you. This interview is being recorded and I will take written notes during the interview. The interviews that are posted publicly will be archived as a history resource. If you prefer that the interview be used only for the course and not made public, please indicate this. One risk of this study is that you may disclose information that later could be requested for legal proceedings. Or you may say something that embarrasses you or offends someone else when they read it on a public website. The benefit of participating in this study is ensuring that your side of the story is properly portrayed in the history of genomics. -
Tyears the News Media Have Been Awash in Storie'abljut Increasingly Close Ties Between O College Campuses and Multimillion-Dollar Corpora - Tions
:,1 C/) In recentyears the news media have been awash in storie'abljut increasingly close ties between o college campuses and multimillion-dollar corpora - tions. Our nation's universities, the story goes, reap m enormtus windfalls patenting products of scientific z ****************** ***~1* research that have been primarily funded by taxpay ers. Meanwhile, hoping for new streams of revenue SC IENCE SA{E from their innovations, the same universities are o j FOR allowing their research-and their very principles m to become compromised by quests for profit. But "Tl is that really the case? Is money really hopelessly o corrupting science? ;0 With Science for Sale, acclaimed journalist Daniel REliI\A~RmS, S. Greenberg reveals that campus capitalism is more ,THE PER I LS, complicated-and less profitable-than media reports C/) would suggest. While universities seek out corporate ",'AND DELUS IIQti;' '" \ funding, news stories rarely note that those industry » ~US ~ dollars are dwarfed by government support and r ·tfti/... ITA!..! s.M other funds. Also, while many universities have set up m technology-transfer offices to pursue profits through patents, many of those offices have been financial **;~:*.** busts. Meanwhile, science is showing signs of provid-: **'. ,. -: . :",,":);::,:!,:::,,:/..<':-:' ', **t*.' '::,:J<;," ****** ***.'*' * ing its own solutions, as highly publicized misdeeds in pursuit of profits have provoked promising counter measures within the field. But just because the threat is overhyped, Greenberg argues, doesn't mean that there's no danger. From research that's shifted overseas so corporations can avoid regulations to conflicts of interest in scientific I publishing, the temptations of money will always be I a threat, and they can only be countered through the viqilance of scientists, the press, and the public. -
October 28, 2003, NIH Record, Vol. LV, No. 22
R a StillThe SecondPayday BestThingAbout Hill Hearing Airs NIH Needs, Telework on the Rise Congress' Concerns By Rich McMenus Top Reasons More AreChoosing On the heels of the debut of NIH's new More NIH'ers Opt To Work Awayfrom Work To Work from Roadmap initiative and release of an Home Institute of Medicine report on the structure and vitality of NIH, a hearing was held Oct. t's not as if anyone needs added incentive to roll.out of bed a 2 at which director Dr. Elias Zerhouni ZerhouniLaunches little later, spend a few extra minutes with the family, steer reported to joint Senate and House Roadmap Initiative clear of rush-hour traffic or accomplish a day's work virtually uninterrupted.I No, the reason that committees on how closely the two visions merge as NIH faces its post-budget telework is growing-but still only doubling future. The directoralso heard a slowly-could be that few employees 'Director's Corner' realize the option may be available host of lawmakers' concerns, ranging from Speaks to NIH'ers A-76 to stem cells to studiesof human to them. However, as campus sexuality. parking spaces become rarer this fall, more people may be seeking-and NAS' Alberts To Zerhouni was joined at the witnesstable by more managers and supervisors Speak, Nov. 3 his predecessor, Dr. Harold Varmus, and by encouraging-ways to work away Dr. Harold Shapiro, who chaired the IOM from work. The trend is picking up committee on NIH revitalization; all three Cultural Lecture speed at NIH and throughout government. -
NATIONAL LIBRARY of MEDICINE Reference Division
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Reference Division NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICAL RESEARCH by PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE SCIENTISTS A Biobibliography to 1940 Compiled by Jeannette Barry U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Washington, D. C. 1960 Public Health Service Publication No. 752 CONTENTS Page Preface iii Chronological Table: Notable Public Health Service Scientists vi John Fleetezelle Anderson 1 Charles Armstrong 3 Ida Albertina Bengtson 6 William Mansfield Clark 8 Barnett Cohen 11 Rolla Eugene Dyer 12 Alice Catherine Evans 14 Edward Francis 17 Wade Hampton Frost 19 Joseph Goldberger 21 Claude Silbert Hudson 25 Reid Hunt 27 Joseph Hoeing Kastle 30 James Payton Leake 32 Kenneth Fuller Maxcy 34 George Walter McCoy 36 Ralph Robinson Parker 41 Milton Joseph Rosenau 43 Louis Schwartz 46 Atherton Seidell 47 Maurice Isadore Smith 49 Roscoe Roy Spencer 51 Charles Wardell Stiles 53 Arthur Marston Stimson 56 Carl Voegtlin 58 William Buchanan Wherry 60 ABBREVIATIONS The journal title abbreviations in the bibliographies are those used in the Current List of Medical Literature and for older references, those used in the several series of the Index- Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon General’s Office. Annotations in the references identified as quoted from “Bloomfield”, “Garrison”, “Kelly” or “Williams,” refer to numbers 1, 4, 5, and 11 in the general bibliography following the preface. ii PREFACE This series of brief bio-bibliographies presents a selection of books and articles by medical and scientific officers of the United States Public Health Service, most of whom worked in the Hygienic Laboratory (later the National Institute of Health) and in the Division of Scientific Research. -
Debt Ceiling Negotiations Come Down to the Wire
PAGE 5 PAGE 6 INSERT Report: U.S. Lagging in Stem Cell Lawsuit The Role of the CDC in University R&D Dismissed Global Health R&D JULY-AUGUST 2011 ReTHEsearch ADVOCATE BRINGING RESEARCH CLOSER TO HOME Debt Ceiling Negotiations Come Down to the Wire At the time of this writing, debt ceiling tus to cut funding for health research these caps would limit the amount by negotiations between the White House and all discretionary programs has which agency budgets are able to grow. and congressional leadership have never been greater and it is up to you The National Institutes of Health stalled. Recent proposals for raising to turn the tide. budget, for example, is currently about the debt ceiling have included manda- If an agreement is reached, it could $31 billion for this fiscal year. A long- tory long-term spending cuts and result in deep cuts in funding for term spending cap would hamstring spending caps. Everyone in the health health research and long-term restric- funding for health research at NIH and research community needs to step up tions on any potential future increases other agencies. their advocacy efforts now. The impe- in discretionary spending. Ultimately, Continued on page 4 One Mind Forum Lays Out Plan the anniversary of tors and create partnerships toward the for Neuroscience Research former President goal of a greater understanding of brain John F. Kennedy’s disorders. The group hopes to raise an The One Mind for Research Forum, 1961 challenge to send a man to the additional $1.5 billion for brain held in Boston and featuring world- moon within a decade. -
The Future of Genomic Medicine VI Conference
Scripps Translational Science Institute In Partnership with AAAS/Science Translational Medicine Present The Future of Genomic Medicine VI Conference Scripps Seaside Forum ‐ Scripps Institution of Oceanography Robert Paine Scripps Forum for Science, Society and the Environment Samuel H. Scripps Auditorium La Jolla, California Thursday March 7th 2013 Friday March 8th 2013 Conference Faculty David Altschuler, MD, PhD Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor of Genetics & Medicine, Harvard Medical School Professor of Genome Sciences Center for Human Genetic Research University of Washington Department of Molecular Biology Seattle, Washington Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Jonathan Eisen, PhD Richard B. Simches Research Center Professor Director, Program in Medical and Population Genetics UC Davis Genome Center Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Department of Evolution and Ecology, College of Biological Sciences Russ B. Altman, MD, PhD Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Associate Professor of Genetics and of Medicine School of Medicine Stanford University Davis, California Stanford, California David B. Goldstein, PhD Katrina Armstrong, MD, MSCE Director, Center for Human Genome Variation Professor of Medicine The Richard and Pat Johnson Distinguished University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine University Professor Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Duke Center for Human Genomic Variation Durham, North Carolina Mark T. Bertolini Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President Jerome Groopman, MD Aetna Dina and Raphael Recanati Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Cinnamon S. Bloss, PhD Chief of Experimental Medicine, Assistant Professor Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health & The Scripps Research Institute Susan Desmond Hellman, MD, MPh La Jolla, California Chancellor University of California, San Francisco Atul Butte, MD, PhD San Francisco, California Associate Professor, Pediatrics – Systems Medicine Stanford School of Medicine A.J.