Advancement Placement United States History II Summer Assignment

Morris Hills: Mr. Mein Morris Knolls: Mr. McLaughlin & Mr. Zablocki

This course is a challenging yet rewarding survey into US History. Taught at a college level, and with a college pace, it is important that students complete a good deal of work on their own (as will be in college).

We need to finish learning the entire US History 2 curriculum (1865 - Obama) PLUS review all of the US History 1 material you learned last year by the beginning of May, in order to fully prepare you to succeed on the national Advanced Placement exam given at that time. To ensure this happens it is imperative you complete the summer assignment listed below

Here is your summer work: • Use the American Pageant textbook and read the Chapters on: o Chapter 23 – Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869 – 1896 (pg. 500 – 527) o Chapter 24 – Industry Comes of Age, 1865 – 1900 (pg. 528 – 556) o Chapter 25 – America Moves to the City, 1865 – 1900 (pg. 557 – 589) o Chapter 26 – The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865 – 1896 (pg. 590 – 622) • As you read, complete the American Pageant Guided Reading Packet for each Chapter. • Use the Key Concepts and Questions/Ideas as guides as you read the chapter and take notes on each section. You should be familiar with these concepts and how the content you are learning about relates back to and explains these ideas. These are the BIG IDEAS of each chapter. • As you read take notes on each section. Your notes should cover the main ideas and concepts of each section. Make sure you are answering the question prompts and the “Knows” of each section. o If you are running out of space you are probably writing way too much – again focus on the key ideas. • When you are completed with reading the entire chapter, go back and complete the identifications of key terms. Complete your identifications at the end as certain terms and ideas occur across multiple sections. • You have also been given the AMSCO AP review book. The summer reading assignment is from the American Pageant. The AMSCO book is a great review resource but your answers, ideas, and key concepts come directly from the Pageant. The AMSCO can help you review material and prepare for exams. • You must handwrite all of your answers in the Guided Reading Packet. Typed answers will not be accepted. • The assignment is due the first day of class. Late assignments will not be accepted and you will receive a zero for the assignment. • Be prepared for a test on the Summer Reading modeled after the AP History Exam on the first or second week of school.

If you have any questions over the summer, please contact your teacher at: • Mr. Mein – [email protected] or Twitter handle @MrMeinMH • Mr. McLaughlin – [email protected] • Mr. Zablocki – [email protected]

AP US History is a wonderful course and we truly love teaching it. Name: Block: Morris Hills AP US History 2: Mr. Mein, Mr. McLaughlin, & Mr. Zablocki Unit 1- The Gilded Age Chapter #23: Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age Key Concepts: As you take notes on this chapter be familiar with the following key concepts from US History that relate to your reading. • Government corruption that led to public demand for popular control of local, state, and national government and calls for reform of the capitalistic American system. • The influence of economic issues such as the tariff, currency debates, and corporate expansion on political parties and laissez faire economic policy. • The growth of political parties during the Gilded Age and the connection between political parties and big business and corporate interests. • Segregation, violence, and Supreme Court decisions slowly stripped away the rights and gains of African Americans from the Reconstruction Era. • Racist and nativist sentiment supported by local and national government policies were used to justify violence and discrimination against immigrant and minority groups. • The growth of corporate and railroad power in agriculture and economic instability in the farming sector led to the creation of the Populist Party who called for political reform and stronger government control of the economy.

Questions/Ideas: Be able to answer the following key questions or know the following key ideas • Grant’s presidency and scandals • Financial debates over gold, silver coinage, paper currency, and the tariff • Partisan politics and the growth of political parties; Republican vs. Democratic support in the Gilded Age • The effects of the end of Reconstruction policies in the South, in particularly for black Americans • The experience of Chinese immigrants • Laissez Faire government philosophy • The rise of the Populist Party and their political ideas Chapter #23 Identiﬁcations “Waving the Bloody Shirt” ______Fisk – Gould Gold Scam ______Tweed Ring ______

Thomas Nast ______Credit Mobilier Scandal ______Whiskey Ring ______Liberal Republicans ______Horace Greeley ______Panic of 1873 ______“Hard Money” ______“Crime of 73” ______“Stalwarts” vs. “Half-breeds” ______Rutherford B. Hayes ______

Samuel Tilden ______Compromise of 1877 ______Civil Rights Act of 1875 ______“Redeemers” ______Sharecropping ______Jim Crow Laws ______Plessy v. Ferguson ______Great Railroad Strike ______Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 ______James A. Garﬁeld ______Chester A. Arthur ______Pendleton Act of 1883 ______Grover Cleveland ______“Mugwump” ______James G. Blaine ______Benjamin Harrison ______“Billion Dollar Congress” ______McKinley Tariff of 1893 ______Populist Party ______Homestead Steel Strike ______Panic of 1893 ______Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 ______Wilson Gorman Tariff of 1890 ______

Chapter #23 Guided Reading 1. The "Bloody Shirt" Elects Grant Know: Ulysses S. Grant, Horatio Seymour, “Waving the Bloody Shirt”, Grant’s background & reasons for victory

2. The Era of Good Stealings Know: Fisk & Gould Gold Scandal, Boss Tweed, Graft, Thomas Nast, Samuel J. Tilden 3. A Carnival of Corruption Know: Credit Mobilier, Whiskey Ring, Scandals of Grant’s Presidency

4. The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 Know: Liberal Republicans, Horace Greeley Why did Liberal Republicans nominate Horace Greeley for the presidency in 1872? Why was he a less than ideal candidate?

5. Depression and Demands for Inﬂation Know: Panic of 1873, Greenbacks, Hard-money, Crime of '73, Contraction, Soft-money, Why did the Panic of 1873 occur? Why did some people want greenbacks and silver dollars? Why did others oppose these kinds of currency?

6. Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age Know: Stalwarts, Roscoe Conkling, Half-Breeds, James G. Blaine What were the similarities between the Democrats and Republicans during this era of party politics? What were the differences that created such ﬁerce competition between these political parties? 7. The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876 Know: Rutherford B. Hayes, Samuel J. Tilden Why were the results of the 1876 election in doubt?

8. The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction Know: Compromise of 1877, Civil Rights Cases (1883) What were the various effects of the Compromise of 1877?

9. The Birth of Jim Crow in the Post-Reconstruction South Know: Redeemers, Sharecropping, tenant farming, Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson What were the effects of the end of Reconstruction on Southern blacks?

10. Class Conﬂicts and Ethnic Clashes Know: Great Railroad Strike of 1877, Chinese Exclusion Act What were the reasons for the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882? 11. Makes of America: The Chinese

11. Garfield and Arthur Know: James A. Garfield, Charles J. Guiteau, Chester A. Arthur, Pendleton Act of 1883 What were the effects of the assassination of President James A. Garfield??

12. The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 Know: James G. Blaine, Mugwumps, Grover Cleveland,

13. “Old Grover" Takes Over

14. Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff Explain the debate behind tariff rates at this time period in US History. What was Cleveland’s stance? 15. The Billion Dollar Congress Know: Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Reed, McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 Explain why the tariff was detrimental to American farmers.

16. The Drumbeat of Discontent Know: Populists, Homestead Steel Strike What were the political principles of the Populists? What prevented the populists from further expanding their power?

17. Cleveland and Depression Know: Grover Cleveland, Depression of 1893, “free silver” Sherman Silver Purchase Act Explain the effects that the Panic of 1893 had on debates about gold, silver, and currency? 18. Cleveland Breeds a Backlash Know: Wilson Gorman Tariff What was the overall legacy of American presidents from the period 1868 – 1896? Name: Block: Morris Hills AP US History 2: Mr. Mein, Mr. McLaughlin, & Mr. Zablocki Unit 1- The Gilded Age

Chapter #24: Industry Comes of Age Key Concepts: As you take notes on this chapter be familiar with the following key concepts from US History that relate to your reading. • After the Civil War government subsidies for transportation and communication systems opened new markets in North America. • Large-scale production, expanding international communication networks, and pro-business government policies fueled the development of an era marked by an emphasis on consumption, marketing, and business consolidation • Technological innovations and redesigned financial management structures such as monopolies sought to maximize the exploitation of natural resources and a growing labor force. • The industrial workforce expanded through migration across national borders and internal migration, leading to a more diverse workforce, lower wages, and an increase in child labor. • Business leaders consolidated corporations into trusts and holding companies and defended their resulting status and privilege through theories such as Social Darwinism. • Cultural and intellectual arguments justified the success of those at the top of the socioeconomic structure as both appropriate and inevitable, even as some leaders argued that the wealthy had some obligation to help the less fortunate. • A number of critics challenged the dominant corporate ethic in the United States and sometimes capitalism itself, offering alternate visions of the good society through utopianism and the Social Gospel. • Labor and management battled for control over wages and working conditions, with workers organizing local and national unions and/or directly confronting corporate power. • Despite the industrialization of some segments of the southern economy, a change promoted by southern leaders who called for a “New South”, agrarian sharecropping and tenant farming systems continued to dominate the region.

Questions/Ideas: Be able to answer the following key questions or know the following key ideas • The impact of railroad companies on westward expansion and the growth of modern industry • Reasons for the growth of industry in America from 1865 – 1900 • Technological innovation and its impact on American society • The growth of monopolies and trusts and their impact on American business and society • The arguments of those who opposed industrialization and the growth of corporate America • The effects of industry on American society • The exploitation of the American worker during the Gilded Age • The demands of labor unions; the struggles & successes of labor unions

Chapter #24: Identifications Government Land Grants ______The Union Pacific ______1

The Central Pacific ______Transcontinental Railroad ______Cornelius Vanderbilt ______Jay Gould ______Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) ______Wabash v. Illinois ______Thomas Edison ______Vertical Integration ______Horizontal Integration ______Trusts ______Andrew Carnegie & U.S. Steel ______

John D. Rockefeller & Standard Oil ______J.P. Morgan ______Gospel of Wealth ______Social Darwinism ______Sherman Anti-Trust Act ______Yellow Dog Contracts ______Blacklists ______National Labor Union ______Knights of Labor ______Haymarket Square Incident ______

American Federation of Labor (AFL) ______

Chapter #24 Guided Reading Questions 1. The Iron Colt Becomes an Iron Horse Explain how government subsidies promoted the growth of the transcontinental railroad.

2. Spanning the Continent with Rails Know: Union Pacific, Central Pacific,

3. Binding the Country with Railroad Ties

4. Railroad Consolidation and Mechanization Know: Cornelius Vanderbilt, What technological improvements helped railroads?

5. Revolution by Railways What effects did the railroads have on America as a whole?

6. Wrongdoing in Railroading What were the different ways that railroad companies exploited the American public to make a profit?

7. Government Bridles the Iron Horse Know: Wabash vs. Illinois, Interstate Commerce Commission Why did farmers want to curb the power of railroads? Why was the Interstate Commerce Act an important piece of legislation?

8. Miracles of Mechanization Know: Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison What factors in America between 1860 and 1890 made industrial expansion possible?

9. The Trust Titan Emerges Know: Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Vertical Integration, Horizontal Integration, Trust,

10. The Supremacy of Steel Know: Bessemer Process Why was steel so important for industrialization?

11. Carnegie and Other Sultans of Steel Know: Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan

12. Rockefeller Grows an American Beauty Rose Know: John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil Why was kerosene such an important commodity in this time period? Why was Rockefeller able to become so successful in the oil business?

13. The Gospel of Wealth Know: Social Darwinism and Gospel of Wealth How and why did the wealthy Americans justify their riches in this era??

14. Government Tackles the Trust Evil Know: Sherman Anti-Trust Act

15. The South in the Age of Industry Evaluate the success of the South at industrializing in Gilded Age America?

16. The Impact of the New Industrial Revolution on America Describe the long term effects of the Industrial Revolution on working Americans.

17. In Unions There is Strength Know: Scabs, Lock-out, Yellow-dog Contract, Black List, What conditions existed in America that led to the exploitation of the laborer and the working class?

18. Labor Limps Along Know: National Labor Union, Knights of Labor, Terrence V. Powderly Explain the similarities and differences between the National Labor Union and the Knights of Labor.

19. Unhorsing the Knights of Labor Know: Haymarket Square What factors led to the decline of the Knights of Labor?

20. The AF of L to the Fore Know: American Federation of Labor, Samuel Gompers, Closed Shop How was the AFL different from previous unions? How and why were the attitudes of the general public in regards to labor unions changing?

Makers of America: The Knights of Labor Know: Mother Jones, Terence Powderly, What was the vision and ideals of the Knights of Labor?

Name: Block: Morris Hills AP US History 2: Mr. Mein, Mr. McLaughlin, & Mr. Zablocki Unit 1- The Gilded Age

Chapter #25: America Moves to the City Key Concepts: As you take notes on this chapter be familiar with the following key concepts from US History that relate to your reading. • As cities grew substantially in both size and in number, some segments of American society enjoyed lives of extravagant “conspicuous consumption,” while many others lived in relative poverty. • International and internal migrations increased both urban populations, but gender, racial, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic inequalities abounded, inspiring some reformers to attempt to address these inequities. • Increased migrations from Asia and from southern and eastern Europe accompanied the mass movement of people into nation’s cities. • Cities dramatically reflected divided social conditions among classes, races, ethnicities, and cultures but presented economic opportunities as factories and new business proliferated. • Immigrants sought both to “Americanize” and to maintain their unique identities and some were able to take advantage of new career opportunities even in the face of widespread social prejudices. • In an urban atmosphere where the access to power was unequally distributed, political machines provided social services in exchange for political support. • Settlement houses helped immigrants adapt to the new language and customs and women’s clubs and self help groups targeted intellectual development and social and political reform. • Challenging their prescribed “place,” women and African American activists articulated alternative visions of political, social, and economic equality.

Questions/Ideas: Be able to answer the following key questions or know the following key ideas • Factors that caused the growth of American cities; Impact the growth of cities had on US society • The reason for an influx of “new immigration” • Effect of immigration on US society & American attitudes towards immigration • The growth of education in US society after the Civil War • The impact of increased literacy and newspapers, novels, etc... on American society • Calls for reform & change to the perceived ills in American society • Changing role of women in society and the women’s rights movement • Cultural changes in art and entertainment impacting US society

Chapter #25 Identifications “Old Immigrants” ______“New Immigrants” ______Social Gospel ______

Jane Addams ______Settlement Houses ______Florence Kelley ______Nativism ______Mary Baker Eddy ______Charles Darwin & the Origin of the Species ______Booker T. Washington & the Tuskegee Institute ______W.E.B. Du Bois ______National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) ______George Washington Carver ______William James ______

Joseph Pulitzer ______William Randolph Hearst ______Henry George ______Horatio Alger ______Mark Twain ______Charlotte Perkins Gilman ______Carrie Chapman Catt ______Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) ______Frances E. Willard ______

Chapter #25 Guided Reading Questions 1. The Urban Frontier What factors led to the growth of cities in the second half of the 1800's? How did this growth affect American life?

2. The New Immigration Who were the “new immigrants” and what was their effect on American society?

3. Southern Europe Uprooted Why did the new immigrants come to America in such large numbers?

Makers of America: The Italians How did Italian immigrants live their lives in America?

4. Reactions to the New Immigration Know: Social Gospel, Jane Addams, Hull House, Settlement houses, Lillian Wald, Florence Kelley How did an influx of immigration affect city governments? Explain the idea behind settlement houses? How were women affected during this period of immigration?

5. Narrowing the Welcome Mat Know: Nativists, American Protective Association How did nativist sentiment affect American laws regarding immigration?

6. Churches Confront the Urban Challenge Know: Dwight Lyman Moody, Cardinal Gibbons, Salvation Army, Mary Baker Eddy, YMCA What role did religion play in helping the urban poor?

7. Darwin Disrupts the Churches Know: Charles Darwin, Origin of the Species, Fundamentalists, Modernists, What effect did the theory of evolution have on Christian churches?

8. The Lust for Learning Know: Normal Schools, What advances took place in education in the years following the Civil War?

9. Booker T. Washington and Education for Black People Know: Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute, George Washington Carver, W.E.B. Du Bois, NAACP Explain the differences in belief between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois.

10. The Hallowed Halls of Ivy Know: Howard, Morrill Act, Land Grant Colleges, Hatch Act What factors allowed the number of college students to dramatically increase?

11. The March of the Mind Know: William James Describe some of the intellectual achievements of the late 1800’s.

12. The Appeal of the Press Know: Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Yellow Journalism What type of journalism captured the public’s attention during this time period?

13. Apostles of Reform Know: Harper’s, Atlantic Monthly, Edwin L. Godkin, Henry George, Edward Bellamy How did writers in the 1870's and 1880's try to address the problems of their time?

14. Postwar Writing Know: Dime novels, George Lewis Wallace, Horatio Alger, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson

15. Literary Landmarks Know: Mark Twain, Stephen Crane, Henry James, Jack London, Frank Norris, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Theodore Dreiser. What were the common themes in American literature during this time period in US History?

16. The New Morality Know: Victoria Woodhull, Anthony Comstock, Henry Ward Beecher Explain the battle occurring in the late 19th century over sexual attitudes and place of women in society?

17. Families and Women in the City Know: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, National Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), Ida B. Wells What factors were creating a change on family life in America? What changes were occurring in the women's rights movement?

18. Prohibition of Alcohol and Social Progress Know: Women's Christian Temperance Union, Carrie Nation, Anti-Saloon League, Clara Barton Why did women champion the prohibition of alcohol in American society? What tactics did they use to accomplish their goals?

19. Artistic Triumphs Know: Winslow Homer What artistic triumphs of this era affected American society?

20. The Business of Amusement Know: Vaudeville, P.T. Barnum, Buffalo Bill Cody, Annie Oakley, James Naismith What forms of recreation became popular from 1870 to 1900?

Name: Block: Morris Hills AP US History 2: Mr. Mein, Mr. McLaughlin, & Mr. Zablocki Unit 1- The Gilded Age

Chapter #26: The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution

Key Concepts: As you take notes on this chapter be familiar with the following key concepts from US History that relate to your reading. • Westward migration, new systems of farming and transportation, and economic instability led to political and popular conflicts. • Government agencies and conservationist organizations contended with corporate interests about the extension of public control over natural resources, including land and water. • Farmers adapted to the new realities of mechanized agriculture and dependence on the evolving railroad system by creating local and regional organizations that sought to resist corporate control of agricultural markets. • As transcontinental railroads were completed, bringing more settlers west, U.S. military actions, the destruction of the buffalo, the confinement of American Indians to reservations, and assimilationist policies reduced the number of American Indians and threatened native culture and identity. • Post–Civil War migration to the American West, encouraged by economic opportunities and government policies, caused the federal government to violate treaties with American Indian nations in order to expand the amount of land available to settlers. • The competition for land in the West among white settlers, Indians, and Mexican Americans led to an increase in violent conflict. • The U.S. government generally responded to American Indian resistance with military force, eventually dispersing tribes onto small reservations and hoping to end American Indian tribal identities through assimilation. • The growth of corporate and railroad power in agriculture and economic instability in the farming sector led to the creation of the Populist Party who called for political reform and stronger government control of the economy.

Questions/Ideas: Be able to answer the following key questions or know the following key ideas • Effect of US government policy towards Native Americans in the West after the Civil War • Reasons Americans migrated West & the development of the American West • Significance of the “closing” of the American frontier & impact on US society • Hardships faced by the American farmer & the changing business of agriculture • Rise of farmers as a political entity & the demands of farmers • The impact of the gold vs. silver currency debate on US Society • The significance & impact of the Election of 1896

Chapter #26: Identifications

George A. Custer ______Chief Joseph ______

Geronimo ______Ghost Dance ______Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ______Battle of Wounded Knee ______Comstock Lode ______“The Long Drive” ______Homestead Act of 1862 ______Joseph F. Glidden ______Frederick Jackson Turner “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” ______Deflation ______National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry, the Grange ______

James B. Weaver ______Farmers' Alliance ______The People’s Party or Populists ______Mary Elizabeth Lease ______Jacob S. Coxey and Coxey’s Army ______Pullman Strike ______Eugene V. Debs ______Mark Hanna ______William McKinley ______Williams Jennings Bryan ______“Gold Bug” Democrats” ______

“Cross of Gold” Speech ______Free Silver ______

Chapter # 26.1 Guided Reading Questions 1. The Clash of Cultures on the Plain Know: Indian Territory, Great Sioux Reservation, Describe the effect of westward expansion on Native Americans.

2. Receding Native Population Know: Sand Creek Massacre, George Armstrong Custer, Treaty of Fort Laramie, Battle of Little Big Horn, Chief Joseph, Geronimo Explain how the “West was won” by the US government?

3. Bellowing Herds of Bison How were the Buffalo reduced from 15 million to less than a thousand?

4. The End of the Trail Know: Helen Hunt Jackson, Ghost Dance, Battle of Wounded Knee, Dawes Act, Carlisle Indian School, Indian Reorganization Act What did the government do to try to assimilate Native Americans into “white culture”?

Makers of America: The Plains Indians How was the culture of the Plains Indians shaped by white people?

5. Mining: From Dishpan to Ore Breaker Know: Pike's Peak, Comstock Lode, Silver Senators How did the discovery of precious metals affect the American West?

6. Beef Bonanzas and the Long Drive Know: Long Drive, “cow towns” Wild Bill Hickok Explain the rise and fall of the profitably of the meat industry?

7. The Farmers’ Frontier Know: Homestead Act, Great American Desert, John Wesley Powell, Joseph F. Glidden Explore the various factors that promoted the development of the agricultural west?

8. The Far West Comes of Age Know: Sooners, the development of states in the American West by U.S. Congress

9. The Fading Frontier Know: Frederick Jackson Turner, What effects has the frontier had on the development of the United States?

10. The Farm Becomes a Factory How did mechanization and industry change the life of farmers and the business of agriculture?

11. Deflation Dooms the Debtor What problems faced farmers in the closing decades of the 19th century?

12. Unhappy Farmers How did nature, government, and business all harm farmers in the late 19th century?

12. The Farmers Take Their Stand Know: The Grange, Cooperatives, Greenback-Labor Party, James B. Weaver How did the Grange attempt to help farmers?

13. Prelude to Populism Know: The Farmers’ Alliance, the People’s Party, Mary Elizabeth Lease What ideas were championed by the Populist Party? What was their immediate impact?

14. Coxey’s Army and the Pullman Strike Know: Coxey’s Army, Eugene V. Debs, Pullman Strike What caused labor to react violently against business in the 1890s? What was the government response by Grover Cleveland to the Pullman Strike?

15. Golden McKinley and Sliver Bryan Know: Mark Hannah, William McKinley, William Jennings Bryan, Cross of Gold speech Explain the background & platforms of the two candidates for president in 1896?

16. Class Conflict: Plowholders versus Bondholders What political issues shaped the election of 1896? Why was the outcome of this election a turning point in US History?

17. Republican Standpattism Enthroned Know: Dingley Tariff Bill, Gold Standard Act of 1900 What were the immediate effects of McKinley’s financial policies?