• Parise,- Vertreige: • Deutsches Manifest: See Vaterland Muttersprache, P.129F. • Gottinger Erklarung. See Vaterland Mutt
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WRITERS MEDIA & SOCIETY IN GERMANY The military reintegration of West Germany and Opposition to rearmamenent • Speed of German reintegration after 1945 • Allied opposition to German rearmament at Yalta (4-1 1. 2. 1945) • Potsdam agreement: 'the complete disarmament and demilitarisation of Germany and the elimination or control of all German industry that could be used for military production'. • Korean War as turning point in the West's policy • Crucial role of the first Bundeskanzler Konrad Adenauer I. Long-term strategy: Politik der Starke and alliance with the West 2. Safe-guarding the future unity of the nation • Popular resistance to remilitarization in the early 1950s: 'Ohne mich'; `Rettet den Frieden' • `Rettet den Frieden' referendum: 6.2 million people voted; 5.9 million (=94%) were against rearmament. • Increased CDU/CSU majority in 1953 gave Adenauer a two-thirds majority: the Grundgesetz could be amended. • Parise,- Vertreige: 1. replacement of the statute of Occupation by a general treaty with BRD 2. West German membership of NATO 3. Formation of a West German Army • Consequent growth of anti-militarist movement; changes in SPD policy 'third way' • Key issue for SPD is the achievement of German reunification • Beginning of 'extra-parliamentary' protest (cfAPO = Au(3erparlamentarische Opposition; Burgerinitiativen): Paulskirche in Frankfurt rally in January 1955 • Deutsches Manifest: See Vaterland Muttersprache, p.129f. • Formation of Warwsaw Pact; inauguration of Bundeswehr • Renewed popular resistance in opposition to the Atomic Bomb • Gottinger Erklarung. See Vaterland Muttersprache, p.139f. • Kampf dem Atomtod. See Vaterland Muttersprache, p.144. • Evaporation of mass protest: 1. SPD and electoral basis in 'working class' 2. The de facto achievement of reintegration Stages in the History of West German Rearmament Allied Policy Opposition to Rearmament Feb./Aug. 1945 Conferences at Yalta and Potsdam agree the complete disarma- ment of Germany. June 1950 Outbreak of the Korean War 11 August 1950 Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe votes to found a European Army, incl. W. German units. late 1950 'Ohne mich' movement January 1951 Congress - Rettet den Frieden': carries out referendum on remilitariza- tion. Sept 1953 Federal Election: CDU/CSU increases vote from 31% to 45.2% Aug. 1954 French National Assembly rejects the proposed European Defence Community. 19 Oct. 1954 Western Allies meet in Paris 29 Jan. 1955 `Paulskirche . Movement (Paris Treaties agreed) against Paris Treaties and W. German rearmament 5 May 1955 Paris Treaties effective 9 May 1955 BRD officially part of NATO November 1955 Bundeswehr founded April 1957 `GOttinger Erklarung' against July 1956 Conscription introduced nuclear arms October 1957 USA adopts policy of gradu- ated response and proposes the station- ing of US medium range nuclear mis- January 1958 British CND founded siles in Europe February 1958 'Kampf dem Atomtod' February 1958 Warsaw Pact proposes founded `Rapacki Plan' 13 Nov. 1959 SPD adopts Godesberg Pro- gramme, seeking to remodel the party as a 'Volkspartei' & preparing the way for bipartisan defence policy with CDU/CSU 1961-69 'Ostermarsche . against nuclear arms e o- c-.) r. Z C1 CL• _a . , - , < CL. 1-•-: 0 < cA; n a :_T• ›. cn cra in co ro' n B.. ..., - • w 0. < 0-- 0 0 0 0 o- g 60 ri- rD0- R — 0' 9 .._.0—, (i,,..o ,g202,-, :-: 2 ' -. -1 .5. Po ," V, 0 17) 0: 0 a ' 9-- g g-- 8 ,vED.',,Wairig6a;g9-g-g tVg 2DPTD-,5: ■ • 4 0 ri • ,;,. s.o ii,,g ° r, ,., a', Pj) ,- w ro ,.,,,- . 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