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Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.T65 Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88637-6 - Revolution and the People in Russia and China: A Comparative History S. A. Smith Index More information Index abortion 214, 215 unemployment and 201 Aksakov, Konstantin 71 Bolsheviks 5, 59, 60, 150, 170, 179, 204 ancestor worship see religion in China October seizure of power (1917) 201, Anderson, Benedict 153 202 Anti-Footbinding Society 113 untypicality of 204 apprentices 133, 136À7 see also Russian Social Democrats Arendt, Hannah 21 Bonnell, Victoria 31 Arkash, R. David 166 boycotts 161, 162, 174 Armand, Inessa 145, 212 anti-USA boycott of 1905 63, 161, 162 artels see native-place networks Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918) 225 Asad, Talal 83 Brinton, Crane 21 Ascher, Abraham 199 Brubaker, Rogers 12À14 autobiographies 40, 42, 43, 167 Buganov, A. V. 156 Russian compared with German and Burbank, Jane 73 French 43 Burke, Peter 70 autocracy, 9À10 crisis of 2, 9À10, 151À2 Calhoun, Craig 7, 109 Central War Industries Committee, bang see native-place networks workers’ groups 170 Bauer, Evgenii 144 Chen Duxiu 80 Benton, Gregor 62, 193 Chernyshevskii, N. G. 79 Berger, John 37, 57 Chiang Kai-shek 4, 34, 63, 65, 99, Bergol0ts, Ol0ga 221 146, 147, 174, 180, 184 Berman, Marshall 5, 6 policy of ‘pacification before resistance’ Bianco, Lucien 4, 165 185 Blecher, Marc 231 China 152 Bloch, Ernst 18 constitutionalists in 113, 160 bobbed hair 141À2 culture holds empire together 152, 158 Bolshevik government decline of Qing dynasty, 152, 160 ability to shape events 205 defeated by Japan (1895) 160 appeals to Russian patriotism 225 few institutions between state and consolidated through Red Army 202, 203 locality 75 curtails soviets 201 Manchuria invaded by Japan economic crisis and 208 (1931) 185 food crisis and 201 militarization of social relations in 202 grass-roots pressure on 201 population of 25 labour unrest and 201 westernization in 10, 112 rules out separate peace with Germany writing in 81 179 see also Cultural Revolution; Great struggles to consolidate power 201, 203 Leap Forward subordinates labour organizations 199 Chinese civil war (1946À9) 4, 35, 188 236 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88637-6 - Revolution and the People in Russia and China: A Comparative History S. A. Smith Index More information Index 237 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) 5, 81, simultaneity of urban and rural 82, 91, 175, 176, 209, 211 unrest in 195 base areas of 193, 195, 205 ‘special role’ of military factor in 203 calls for fourth armed uprising (1927) Chinese Women’s Citizens Association 115 202 Chukovskii, K. I. 101 coalition building by 4, 193 Ci Jiwei 210 collectivism of 79, 209, 210 cinema 144, 149 crushed in 1927 34, 147, 184, 194 city and countryside discourages industrial militancy during in China 56À7 civil war 189 no perceived gulf between 51 Eighth Route Army of 195 Communism creates gulf between 221 encourages violence 199 in Russia 49À50, 55À6 factory protection movement and 189 urban hostility to countryside 50, 57 frustration at native-place divisions 62 class 1, 7 hostility to ‘petty-bourgeois discourse of 7, 31, 107, 178 individualism’ 69, 99, 104, 209, 211 appropriated by Communist regimes image of Shanghai 57 223À4, 226, 234 manipulation of workers by 201À2 used by workers against Communist national salvation movement and 34 regimes 230, 231, 233 in 1930s Shanghai 34 relationships less polarized in China People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 218 than Russia 190, 226 plans uprising in 1945 188 class identity 5, 7, 12, 234 policy of ‘mutual benefits for capital in China 170À2 and labour’ 189 accepts mediation by business popular support for during civil war leaders 183 35, 200 and CCP image of social relations 182 provides defence against Japanese 193 forged through nationalism 175, 190 recognizes need to build an army 195, ‘four vocations’ and 170 202 GMD hostile to 182 red terror policy of 199, 202 gongjie and 174 rejects uprising in Shanghai (1949) 189 inhibited by personal ties 49 rituals of rule of 211 perceptions of Chinese employers sets up popular schools 103 and 182, 183, 195 supports women workers 143, 198 perceptions of foreign employers and takes power in Shanghai (1949) 107, 182 35, 189 persisted during 1930s 185, 190 underground organization during civil persists in PRC today 233 war 189 promoted vigorously in PRC 226 underground organization during tempered by Confucian norms 170, Sino-Japanese war 35, 152, 187 183, 190 ‘white terror’ and 34, 185 tempered by national struggle 183 women’s liberation high on agenda of hegemonizes other identities 12, 13, 147, 150, 198, 218 166, 191 see also New Fourth Army; third ‘misrecognition’ and 109, 110 armed uprising 1927 in Russia Chinese national revolution (1925À27) Bolsheviks and 178À80, 201 3, 66, 146À7, 190 category of ‘worker’ and 166 Chinese revolution 205 construes working class as a family 134 carried out in name of nation 152 as heritable 224 CCP as subjective factor in 205 Soviet Union institutionalizes 223À4 contingency in 205 ‘them’ and ‘us’ and 166, 178 a long revolution 205 undermined by stress on individual 109 objective circumstances promoting 205 see also labour movement; patronÀclient peasant mobilization in 203 relations not a ‘peasant revolution’ 4, 193 Clements, Barbara Evans 129 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88637-6 - Revolution and the People in Russia and China: A Comparative History S. A. Smith Index More information 238 Index Clifford, James 21, 37 Dostoevsky, Fedor 16 Cochran, Sherman 163 dress 93 collectivization of agriculture 219, 220 as assertion of individuality 95, Confucianism 2, 10, 17, 69, 73À4, 107, 108, 210 109, 121, 122, 136, 160 in China abandoned by political elites 92 foreign versus national 96 bonds of obedience and 74, 79, 118 1911 Revolution and 96 family and 73, 112, 119, 128 politicized issue 96À7 feeds CCP collectivism 211 qipao 98 self-cultivation (xiushen) and 74, 82 Sun Yat-sen suit 99 see also New Culture Movement western suits 96, 99 Constituent Assembly (Russia) 200, 203 cultural change a measure of 98 consumer culture 2, 93, 135, 148, 208 designed to attract opposite sex advertising and 161À2, 163, 209 135, 138 Communism and expenditure of workers on 94, 98 ideological opposition 209 fashion in 10, 71, 93, 94 shopping 208 local styles of 39, 93 shortages 208 migrants aware of meanings of 94À5 state regulation of 208 migrants critical of fashionable 104 subordination to production 205 nationalism and 97 consumers told how to respond 163 women workers and 94, 98 contention over western values and 96, workers’ concern with 94 99, 105, 148, 149 young male workers and 95, 99, deployment of traditional values in 163 135, 138 development cut short 104 see also bobbed hair; national products identity construction and 10À12, 104, movement 209 drink (Russia) 132, 167, 199, 213 middle classes and 104 Duara, Prasenjit 159, 191 migrants critical of 104 nationalism and 104, 161À4 education 82À3, 113 pragmatic attitudes towards 97, 164 Eisenstadt, Shmuel 6 as site of ideological conflict 99, 105, 108 Eley, Geoff 9 contract labour (China) 14, 29À30, 43, 52, Elvin, Mark 74 124, 196 employers Cooper, Frederick 12À14 Chinese 33, 195 Cross, Gary 10 cooperate with Nanjing government Crossley, Pamela 151 195 Cultural Revolution (China) 210, 211, exploit native-place rivalries 49 217À18, 228, 232 as ‘national capitalists’ 182 culture patriarchalism of 172 role in migration 8À9 prefer to hire fellow provincials 41, 48 Dewey, John 82 anxious about worker radicalism dialects 39, 61, 65 185, 194 Diamant, Neil 217 weaker politically than working dignity 110 class 195 demands for polite treatment and 105À6 Engel, Barbara 43, 129 in foreign-owned factories 107 entertainment, mass 2, 10, 100 links class to nation 107, 181 challenges customary values 11 peasant conceptions of 105 see also leisure renge 106À7 Esenin, Sergei 55 see also lichnost0 Esherick, Joseph 205 Dikotter,€ Frank 21 discourse 15 factory committees (Russian) 3, 47, 59, see also class 196, 201 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88637-6 - Revolution and the People in Russia and China: A Comparative History S. A. Smith Index More information Index 239 family 213 Gapon, G. A. 85 Confucian 80, 112, 128 Geertz, Clifford 69 Family Code (1931) 147 Geldern, James von 11 patriarchal 109, 116À17, 118À19 Gellner, Ernest 153 PRC continues modernization of gender identities 2, 13 211, 216 in China 121À2 provider of welfare under Communism CCP’s policy towards 217 213 citizenship and 114 Stalinist pro-natalism and 215, 234 Confucian norms and 143, 148 trend towards nuclear 2, 128, 131, 138, Cultural Revolution and 217, 218 149, 217 erasure of 115, 217 working-class female chastity and 120, 121 housewife in 129À31 GMD promotion of housewife husband as breadwinner in 129, 216 and 147 men’s domestic labour in 130 perception of women as polluting proportion of workers living with and 121 families 125 perception of women as prey to smaller than rural 128 emotion and 122 women yearn for stability of 213 Communism and see also patriarchal order domestic labour and 212, 216 fashion 2, 94, 97 masculinity and 218 condemned by conservative persistence of male domination 234 commentators 93, 98 primacy of male image 214 seen as fawning on foreign things wage-earning as key to women’s 97, 99 liberation 212, 215 see also dress femininity under closer scrutiny than Fei Xiaotong 14, 38, 172 masculinity 149, 217 feminism 111 modernization
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