Status of harmful jellyfish research, monitoring and management in Thailand during 2009-2017 Charatsee Aungtonya & Thunyaporn Ajalawitkun

Department of Marine Coastal Resources (DMCR), Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand 1 overall harmful jellyfish situations in Thailand 1999-2017

Fatal 8 cases • foreigner 6 cases • Thai 2 cases

Unconscious 14 cases • foreigner 9 cases • Thai 5 cases Fatal Source : Department of Epidemiology, 2017. Unconscious

• area of prevention: 5 provinces • area of surveillance: other 18 provinces

2 MCRRC Upper GT MCRRC Eastern GT

MCRRC Andaman Sea Central GT

Gulf of Thailand: GT

MCRRC Lower GT PMBC Surveys on venomous jellyfish

shrimp trammel net (400 m. x 1.5 m.) hand net

snorkelling at night ลากขนานกับความยาวหาดทราย ทีระดับความลึกประมาณ่ 1.10–1.40 เมตร เป็นระยะทาง ประมาณ 50 เมตร จํานวน 3 ซํา้ 4 Once stinging at the beach

- beach seines (1.20 x 20 m) - net is dragged parallel to the beach for approximately 200 m - person further out should be in chest deep water.

5 Once stinging at the beach

Australian dredge

Supported by Marine Stinger Safety & Education in Thailand Program

6 More than a hundred of blue bottles are standing along the beach on the western coast of Phuket Island

Gathering specimens from fishermen

bamboo stake

7 Workshop on Jellyfish diversity in Thai waters 8-12 June 2015 Phuket Marine Biological Center Workshop on Jellyfish diversity in Thai waters 24-26 August 2015 Phuket Marine Biological Center WESTPAC Training Workshop on the Identification of Box Jellyfish in the Eastern Indian Ocean and theGulf of Thailand Phuket, Thailand, June 13-17, 2016 Cubozoa

Hydrozoa Scyphozoa Family Scientific Name Patient’s symptoms

Cubozoa Carukiidae New genus Although, the species and their toxicology in this family in Thai waters are Morbakka sp. A study in progress, two species, Morbakka virulenta (Kishinouye, 1910), Morbakka sp. B described from Japan and M. fenneri (Gershwin, 2008) described from Australia, cause the Irukandji syndrome, which induces excruciating muscle cramps in the arms and legs, severe pain in the back and kidneys, a burning sensation of the skin and face, headaches, nausea, restlessness, sweating, vomiting, an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, and psychological phenomena such as the feeling of impending doom. The severe syndrome is delayed for 5–120 minutes (30 minutes on average) (Cegolon et al., 2013)

Chirodropidae Chironex indrasaksajiae Same as the upper family. At least two species, Chironex fleckeri Southcott, Chironex sp. A 1956, C. yamaguchii Lewis & Bentlage, 2009 causes human fatality. A sting Chironex sp. B cause sudden severe skin pain, obvious severe whip-like skin marks, rapid ?Chironex sp. C reduction of consciousness, and life-threatening breathing and/or cardiac problems (Fenner et al., 2009).

Scyphozoa Pelagiidae Chrysaora spp. Their toxicology cause local symptoms, such as pain, pink skin rash, edema Pelagia panopyra and vesicles (Cegolon et al., 2013; and observation).

Hydrozoa Physaliidae Physalia utriculus Although toxicology of Physalia physalis can causes human fatality, but that of P. utriculus usually causes local pain only and patients may have headache, drowsiness, fainting, confusion and cardio-respiratory syndromes (dyspnea) (Cegolon et al., 2013; and observation). Surveillance and prevention of venomous jellyfish plans

strategies Strengths 1. enhancing knowledge

2. development of methodology and committee on venomous marine animal processes for the surveillance and and marine pollution under the prevention of venomous jellyfish National Marine and Coastal Resources 3. development of management system Sub-Committee 4. research

14 Collaboration Taxa Morphological Phenotype of Knowledge of Genetic analysis Toxicology Prevention study nematocyst public health Cubozoa

Ramathibodi Faculty of MCRRC, Lower Morbakka sp. A Hospital, MahidolMedicine, Chiang GT University Mai University

Morbakka sp. B Carukiidae PMBC/Departme Department of nt of Biology, First Institute of Biology, Faculty Department of New genus Faculty of Oceanography of Science, Epidemiology & Department of Science, Mahidol (FIO), China Mahidol Faculty of Ramathibodi Epidemiology & University (SCBI) University (SCBI) Medicine, Chiang Hospital, MahidolFaculty of Mai University University Medicine, Chiang Department of Department of Department of and other Mai University Chironex Biology, Faculty Biology, Faculty Biology, Faculty Institutions indrasaksaji of Science. of Science. of Science. Chiang Mai Chiang Mai Chiang Mai Chirodropidae University University University

Chironex sp. A Ramathibodi Faculty of MCRRC, Central Hospital, Mahidol Medicine, Chiang Chironex sp. B GT ?Chironex sp. C University Mai University Scyphozoa MCRRC, Upper Chulalongkorn Chrysaora spp. GT university Faculty of Pelagiidae Medicine, Chiang Chulalongkorn Pelagia panopyra PMBC Mai University university Hydrozoa

Ramathibodi Faculty of Physaliidae Physalia utriculus PMBC Hospital, Mahidol Medicine, Chiang University Mai University Publications

2016. Sucharitakul, P., C. Aungtonya & S. Chomdej. DNA sequencing complements morphological identification of Chiropsoides from Nam Bor Bay, Phuket, Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin no. 73: 7–14.

2016. Ruijuan, L., X. Jie; Z. Xuelei & C. Aungtonya. Genetic analysis of common venomous Cubozoa and Scyphozoa in Thailand waters. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.0253-4193.2016.06.006. (in Chinese)

2017. Sucharitikul, P., S. Chomdej, I. Arsiranant and T. Achalawitkun. Description of Chironex indrasaksajiae Sucharitakul sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Chirodropida): a new species of box jellyfish from the Gulf of Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin no. 73: 7–14. Coastal areas in accordance with risk หาดชะอํา

เกาะ หมาก • Area of surveillance เกาะ - set up warning sign and vinegar pole กูด - educate first aid and CPR training to the local, rescue officer, nurse, and doctors เกาะพะ งัน • Area of prevention เกาะสมุย - management system is the same as in และเกาะ area of surveillance เต่า Area of - set up stinger net on the risk’s beaches prevention เกาะลันตา

จังหวัดสตูล

17 Training program for officers as a lecturer Set up the warning sign (with fist 29 10 10 aid instruction and vinegar pole) 80 and educate 10 8 640 17 80

x Set up the 82 warning 6 sign /229 Instuction 15 x Educate 175 13 1 700 50 19 240 32

25 8 575 4 5 65 25 10

19 Set up the warning sign (first aid Instruction), educate local peoples, nurses, and doctors about knowledge in related to venomous jellyfish, and also CPR traing particular for local peoples. Set up the warning sign and vinegar pole in the tourist beaches in Phuket province

Phuket Province

21 • Educated local peoples and also involved officer Publicizing (warning sign, brochures, and comic

23 Promote MOU with relevant agencies

6 June 2011-5 June 2013 3 June 2014-2 June 2018

Department of Epidemiology & Department of Marine Coastal Research Collaborate with Provincial and national park

25 Harmful jellyfish stings awareness, prevention and management

Stinger nets were set up along the beaches in Pha-nga and Samui Islands, Surat Thani province and also at Mak Island, Trat province. • stinger net • Warning

Line / Facebook enhancing knowledge Provincial Situation

30 Jellyfish diversity in Thai waters

31 Fist aid instruction and guidelines for DMCR officer, nurse and doctor

32 • Standard Medical Treatment for Jellyfish Stings Phangan Model: Awareness and Prevention of Box Jellyfish Stings

Stinger Net

First Aid Training

First Aid Instructio n and Vinegar Pole

ที่มา :งานระบาดวิทยา รพ.เกาะพะงัน กลุ่มดอกไม้ทะเล สมาคมโรงแรมและการทองเที่ยวเกาะพะงัน่ สมาคมส่งเสริมการทองเที่ยวเกาะ่ พะงัน ศูนย์วิจัยทรัพยากรทางทะเลฯ และส่วนอนุรักษ์ชุมพร