Variability and Plasticity of the Nutrition of Zooxanthellate Jellyfishes : Insights from Experimental and Field Studies Nicolas Djeghri
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The Role of Temperature in Survival of the Polyp Stage of the Tropical Rhizostome Jelly®Sh Cassiopea Xamachana
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, L 222 (1998) 79±91 The role of temperature in survival of the polyp stage of the tropical rhizostome jelly®sh Cassiopea xamachana William K. Fitt* , Kristin Costley Institute of Ecology, Bioscience 711, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Received 27 September 1996; received in revised form 21 April 1997; accepted 27 May 1997 Abstract The life cycle of the tropical jelly®sh Cassiopea xamachana involves alternation between a polyp ( 5 scyphistoma) and a medusa, the latter usually resting bell-down on a sand or mud substratum. The scyphistoma and newly strobilated medusa (5 ephyra) are found only during the summer and early fall in South Florida and not during the winter, while the medusae are found year around. New medusae originate as ephyrae, strobilated by the polyp, in late summer and fall. Laboratory experiments showed that nematocyst function, and the ability of larvae to settle and metamorphose change little during exposure to temperatures between 158C and up to 338C. However, tentacle length decreased and ability to transfer captured food to the mouth was disrupted at temperatures # 188C. Unlike temperate-zone species of scyphozoans, which usually over-winter in the polyp or podocyst form when medusae disappear, this tropical species has cold-sensitive scyphistomae and more temperature-tolerant medusae. 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. Keywords: Scyphozoa; Jelly®sh; Cassiopea; Temperature; Life history 1. Introduction The rhizostome medusae of Cassiopea xamachana are found throughout the Carib- bean Sea, with their northern limit of distribution on the southern tip of Florida. Unlike most scyphozoans these jelly®sh are seldom seen swimming, and instead lie pulsating bell-down on sandy or muddy substrata in mangroves or soft bottom bay habitats, giving rise to the common names ``mangrove jelly®sh'' or ``upside-down jelly®sh''. -
Population and Spatial Dynamics Mangrove Jellyfish Cassiopeia Sp at Kenya’S Gazi Bay
American Journal of Life Sciences 2014; 2(6): 395-399 Published online December 31, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajls) doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.20 ISSN: 2328-5702 (Print); ISSN: 2328-5737 (Online) Population and spatial dynamics mangrove jellyfish Cassiopeia sp at Kenya’s Gazi bay Tsingalia H. M. Department of Biological Sciences, Moi University, Box 3900-30100, Eldoret, Kenya Email address: [email protected] To cite this article: Tsingalia H. M.. Population and Spatial Dynamics Mangrove Jellyfish Cassiopeia sp at Kenya’s Gazi Bay. American Journal of Life Sciences. Vol. 2, No. 6, 2014, pp. 395-399. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.20 Abstract: Cassiopeia, the upside-down or mangrove jellyfish is a bottom-dwelling, shallow water marine sycophozoan of the phylum Cnidaria. It is commonly referred to as jellyfish because of its jelly like appearance. The medusa is the dominant phase in its life history. They have a radial symmetry and occur in shallow, tropical lagoons, mangrove swamps and sandy mud falls in tropical and temperate regions. In coastal Kenya, they are found only in one specific location in the Gazi Bay of the south coast. There are no documented studies on this species in Kenya. The objective of this study was to quantify the spatial and size-class distribution, and recruitment of Cassiopeia at the Gazi Bay. Ten 50mx50m quadrats were randomly placed in an estimated study area of 6.4ha to cover about 40 percent of the total study area. A total of 1043 individual upside-down jellyfish were sampled. In each quadrat, all jellyfish encountered were sampled individually. -
The Puzzling Occurrence of the Upside-Down Jellyfish Cassiopea
ZOOLOGIA 37: e50834 ISSN 1984-4689 (online) zoologia.pensoft.net RESEARCH ARTICLE The puzzling occurrence of the upside-down jellyfishCassiopea (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) along the Brazilian coast: a result of several invasion events? Sergio N. Stampar1 , Edgar Gamero-Mora2 , Maximiliano M. Maronna2 , Juliano M. Fritscher3 , Bruno S. P. Oliveira4 , Cláudio L. S. Sampaio5 , André C. Morandini2,6 1Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Evolução e Diversidade Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”. Avenida Dom Antônio 2100, 19806-900 Assis, SP, Brazil. 2Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Travessa 14 101, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3Instituto do Meio Ambiente de Alagoas. Avenida Major Cícero de Góes Monteiro 2197, 57017-515 Maceió, AL, Brazil. 4Instituto Biota de Conservação, Rua Padre Odilon Lôbo, 115, 57038-770 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil 5Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação, Unidade Educacional de Penedo, Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Avenida Beira Rio, 57200-000 Penedo, AL, Brazil. 6Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo. Rodovia Manoel Hypólito do Rego, km 131.5, 11612-109 São Sebastião, SP, Brazil. Corresponding author: Sergio N. Stampar ([email protected]) http://zoobank.org/B879CA8D-F6EA-4312-B050-9A19115DB099 ABSTRACT. The massive occurrence of jellyfish in several areas of the world is reported annually, but most of the data come from the northern hemisphere and often refer to a restricted group of species that are not in the genus Cassiopea. This study records a massive, clonal and non-native population of Cassiopea and discusses the possible scenarios that resulted in the invasion of the Brazilian coast by these organisms. -
Two New Species of Box Jellies (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida)
RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 29 010–019 (2014) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.29(1).2014.010-019 Two new species of box jellies (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from the central coast of Western Australia, both presumed to cause Irukandji syndrome Lisa-Ann Gershwin CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT – Irukandji jellies are of increasing interest as their stings are becoming more frequently reported around the world. Previously only two species were known from Western Australia, namely Carukia shinju Gershwin, 2005 and Malo maxima Gershwin, 2005, both from Broome. Two new species believed to cause Irukandji syndrome have recently been found and are described herein. One, Malo bella sp. nov., is from the Ningaloo Reef and Dampier Archipelago regions. It differs from its congeners in its small size at maturity, its statolith shape, irregular warts on the perradial lappets, and a unique combination of other traits outlined herein. This species is not associated with any particular stings, but its phylogenetic affi nity would suggest that it may be highly toxic. The second species, Keesingia gigas gen. et sp. nov., is from the Shark Bay and Ningaloo Reef regions. This enormous species is unique in possessing key characters of three families, including crescentic phacellae and broadly winged pedalia (Alatinidae) and deeply incised rhopalial niches and feathery diverticulations on the velarial canals (Carukiidae and Tamoyidae). These two new species bring the total species known or believed to cause Irukandji syndrome to at least 16. Research into the biology and ecology of these species should be considered a high priority, in order to manage their potential impacts on public safety. -
Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish
diversity Review Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish Michael J. Kingsford * , Jodie A. Schlaefer and Scott J. Morrissey Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; [email protected] (J.A.S.); [email protected] (S.J.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Understanding the hierarchy of populations from the scale of metapopulations to mesopop- ulations and member local populations is fundamental to understanding the population dynamics of any species. Jellyfish by definition are planktonic and it would be assumed that connectivity would be high among local populations, and that populations would minimally vary in both ecological and genetic clade-level differences over broad spatial scales (i.e., hundreds to thousands of km). Although data exists on the connectivity of scyphozoan jellyfish, there are few data on cubozoans. Cubozoans are capable swimmers and have more complex and sophisticated visual abilities than scyphozoans. We predict, therefore, that cubozoans have the potential to have finer spatial scale differences in population structure than their relatives, the scyphozoans. Here we review the data available on the population structures of scyphozoans and what is known about cubozoans. The evidence from realized connectivity and estimates of potential connectivity for scyphozoans indicates the following. Some jellyfish taxa have a large metapopulation and very large stocks (>1000 s of km), while others have clade-level differences on the scale of tens of km. Data on distributions, genetics of medusa and Citation: Kingsford, M.J.; Schlaefer, polyps, statolith shape, elemental chemistry of statoliths and biophysical modelling of connectivity J.A.; Morrissey, S.J. -
Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from Turkey
Aquatic Invasions (2011) Volume 6, Supplement 1: S27–S28 doi: 10.3391/ai.2011.6.S1.006 Open Access © 2011 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2011 REABIC Aquatic Invasions Records First record of Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884 (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from Turkey Cem Cevik1*, Osman Baris Derici1, Fatma Cevik1 and Levent Cavas2 1Çukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Balcalı, Adana, Turkey 2Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Kaynaklar Campus, İzmir, Turkey E-mail: [email protected] (CC), [email protected] (OBD), [email protected] (FC), [email protected] (LC) *Corresponding author Received: 1 December 2010 / Accepted: 11 April 2011/ Published online: 7 May 2011 Abstract The Australian spotted jellyfish Phyllorhiza punctata has been reported from several locations in the Mediterranean, but the present report is the first record from Turkish waters. Juveniles of the Erythrean alien shrimp scad, Alepes djedaba, were observed nestling among its tentacles. Possible vectors are mentioned. Key words: Phyllorhiza punctata, Alepes djedaba, Turkey, non-indigenous species bay of İskenderun (36º44.550N, 36º10.716E, Introduction salinity 38.6 PSU, sea water temperature 25.7ºC). The specimen was kept for 24 hours in a Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884 seawater aquarium and then preserved and (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) deposited in the museum of Faculty of Fisheries originates in the tropical western Pacific at Çukurova University in Adana (CSFM- (Graham et al. 2003). The species has been CNI/2010-01). widely introduced in the Atlantic (Mienzan and Cornelius 1999; Cutress 1973; Silveira and Cornelius 2000; Graham et al. -
Volume 2. Animals
AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. -
Cnidarian Immunity and the Repertoire of Defense Mechanisms in Anthozoans
biology Review Cnidarian Immunity and the Repertoire of Defense Mechanisms in Anthozoans Maria Giovanna Parisi 1,* , Daniela Parrinello 1, Loredana Stabili 2 and Matteo Cammarata 1,* 1 Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.G.P.); [email protected] (M.C.) Received: 10 August 2020; Accepted: 4 September 2020; Published: 11 September 2020 Abstract: Anthozoa is the most specious class of the phylum Cnidaria that is phylogenetically basal within the Metazoa. It is an interesting group for studying the evolution of mutualisms and immunity, for despite their morphological simplicity, Anthozoans are unexpectedly immunologically complex, with large genomes and gene families similar to those of the Bilateria. Evidence indicates that the Anthozoan innate immune system is not only involved in the disruption of harmful microorganisms, but is also crucial in structuring tissue-associated microbial communities that are essential components of the cnidarian holobiont and useful to the animal’s health for several functions including metabolism, immune defense, development, and behavior. Here, we report on the current state of the art of Anthozoan immunity. Like other invertebrates, Anthozoans possess immune mechanisms based on self/non-self-recognition. Although lacking adaptive immunity, they use a diverse repertoire of immune receptor signaling pathways (PRRs) to recognize a broad array of conserved microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMP). The intracellular signaling cascades lead to gene transcription up to endpoints of release of molecules that kill the pathogens, defend the self by maintaining homeostasis, and modulate the wound repair process. -
Etiology of Irukandji Syndrome with Particular Focus on the Venom Ecology and Life History of One Medically Significant Carybdeid Box Jellyfish Alatina Moseri
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Carrette, Teresa Jo (2014) Etiology of Irukandji Syndrome with particular focus on the venom ecology and life history of one medically significant carybdeid box jellyfish Alatina moseri. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40748/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40748/ Etiology of Irukandji Syndrome with particular focus on the venom ecology and life history of one medically significant carybdeid box jellyfish Alatina moseri Thesis submitted by Teresa Jo Carrette BSc MSc December 2014 For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology and Tropical Ecology within the College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Dedication: “The sea, once it casts its spell, holds one in its net of wonder forever.” Jacques Yves Cousteau To my family – and my ocean home ii Acknowledgements Firstly, I have to acknowledge my primary supervisor Associate Professor Jamie Seymour. We have spent the last 17 years in a variable state of fatigue, blind enthusiasm, inspiration, reluctance, pain-killer driven delusion, hope and misery. I have you to blame/thank for it all. Just when I think all hope is lost and am about to throw it all in you seem to step in with the words of wisdom that I need. -
Composition and Sources of Near Reef Zooplankton on a Jamaican Forereef Along with Implications for Coral Feeding
Coral Reefs (2004) 23: 263–276 DOI 10.1007/s00338-004-0375-0 REPORT K. B. Heidelberg Æ K. P. Sebens Æ J. E. Purcell Composition and sources of near reef zooplankton on a Jamaican forereef along with implications for coral feeding Received: 20 September 2001 / Accepted: 17 April 2003 / Published online: 10 March 2004 Ó Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract Nocturnal near-reef zooplankton from the Keywords Demersal zooplankton Æ Coral feeding Æ forereef of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, were sampled dur- Copepod Æ Reef ing winter and summer 1994 using a diver-operated plankton pump with an intake head positioned within centimeters of benthic zooplanktivores. The pump col- lected zooplankton not effectively sampled by conven- Introduction tional net tows or demersal traps. We found consistently greater densities of zooplankton than did earlier studies Coral reef zooplankton are an important trophic link that used other sampling methods in similar locations. between primary producers and higher trophic levels on There was no significant difference between winter reefs, including scleractinian corals and fish (Porter (3491±578 mÀ3) and summer (2853±293 mÀ3)zoo- 1974; Hobson and Chess 1978; Gottfried and Roman plankton densities. Both oceanic- and reef-associated 1983; Hamner et al. 1988; Sedberry and Cuellar 1993). forms were found at temporal and spatial scales relevant Zooplankton that are potential prey to benthic organ- to benthic suspension feeders. Copepods were always the isms come from several sources and include holoplank- most abundant group, averaging 89% of the total zoo- tonic, meroplanktonic, demersal, and epibenthic species plankton, and most were not of demersal origin. -
A5 BOOK ONLINE VERSION.Cdr
Book of Abstracts 4 - 6 NOVEMBER 2019 IZIKO SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM | CAPE TOWN | SOUTH AFRICA 6TH INTERNATIONAL JELLYFISH BLOOMS SYMPOSIUM CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA | 4 - 6 NOVEMBER 2019 PHOTO CREDIT: @Steven Benjamin ORGANISERS University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa SPONSORS University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa Iziko Museums of South Africa Two Oceans Aquarium De Beers Group Oppenheimer I&J Pisces Divers African Eagle Aix-Marseille Université, France Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France LOCAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE, LSC Mark J Gibbons (University of the Western Cape) Delphine Thibault (Aix-Marseille Université) Wayne Florence (IZIKO South African Museum) Maryke Masson (Two Oceans Aquarium) INTERNATIONAL STEERING COMMITTEE, ISC Mark J Gibbons (Africa) Agustin Schiariti (South America) Lucas Brotz (North America) Jing Dong (Asia) Jamileh Javidpour (Europe) Delphine Thibault (Wandering) 6TH INTERNATIONAL JELLYFISH BLOOMS SYMPOSIUM CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA | 4 - 6 NOVEMBER 2019 C ONTENT S Contents Message from the convenor Page 1 Opening ceremony Page 6 Programme Page 8 Poster sessions Page 16 Oral presentaons Page 21 Poster presentaons Page 110 Useful informaon Page 174 Index of authors Page 176 List of aendees Page 178 6TH INTERNATIONAL JELLYFISH BLOOMS SYMPOSIUM CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA | 4 - 6 NOVEMBER 2019 Message from the Convenor: Prof Mark Gibbons On behalf of the Local Organising Committee, it gives me great pleasure to welcome you to Cape Town and to the 6th International Jellyfish Blooms Symposium. It promises to be a suitable finale to Series I, which has seen us visit all continents except Antarctica. Episode One kicked off in North America during January 2000, when Monty Graham and Jennifer Purcell invited us to Gulf Shores. -
Final Report
Developing Molecular Methods to Identify and Quantify Ballast Water Organisms: A Test Case with Cnidarians SERDP Project # CP-1251 Performing Organization: Brian R. Kreiser Department of Biological Sciences 118 College Drive #5018 University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406 601-266-6556 [email protected] Date: 4/15/04 Revision #: ?? Table of Contents Table of Contents i List of Acronyms ii List of Figures iv List of Tables vi Acknowledgements 1 Executive Summary 2 Background 2 Methods 2 Results 3 Conclusions 5 Transition Plan 5 Recommendations 6 Objective 7 Background 8 The Problem and Approach 8 Why cnidarians? 9 Indicators of ballast water exchange 9 Materials and Methods 11 Phase I. Specimens 11 DNA Isolation 11 Marker Identification 11 Taxa identifications 13 Phase II. Detection ability 13 Detection limits 14 Testing mixed samples 14 Phase III. 14 Results and Accomplishments 16 Phase I. Specimens 16 DNA Isolation 16 Marker Identification 16 Taxa identifications 17 i RFLPs of 16S rRNA 17 Phase II. Detection ability 18 Detection limits 19 Testing mixed samples 19 Phase III. DNA extractions 19 PCR results 20 Conclusions 21 Summary, utility and follow-on efforts 21 Economic feasibility 22 Transition plan 23 Recommendations 23 Literature Cited 24 Appendices A - Supporting Data 27 B - List of Technical Publications 50 ii List of Acronyms DGGE - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DMSO - dimethyl sulfoxide DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid ITS - internal transcribed spacer mtDNA - mitochondrial DNA PCR - polymerase chain reaction rRNA - ribosomal RNA - ribonucleic acid RFLPs - restriction fragment length polymorphisms SSCP - single strand conformation polymorphisms iii List of Figures Figure 1. Figure 1.