DOCSLIB.ORG

Ernst Haeckel's Mysterious Species, Part I: the Validity of Carybdea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Plankton Benthos Res 15(1): 1–29, 2020 Plankton & Benthos Research © The Plankton Society of Japan Ernst Haeckel’s mysterious species, Part I: the validity of Carybdea murrayana Haeckel, 1880 (Cubomedusae) and revisional notes on Haeckel’s other Carybdeidae ILKA STRAEHLER-POHL* Medusa(‘)s nursery, Private Laboratory of Developmental, Evolutionary Biology and Life Cycle Research, Altmarkstr. 25, 21864 Stade-Hagen, Germany Received 26 February 2019; Accepted 30 September 2019 Responsible Editor: Dhugal Lindsay doi: 10.3800/pbr.15.1 Abstract: The type material of the species Carybdea murrayana Haeckel, 1880 was rediscovered in the Cubozoa collection of the Natural History Museum in London. A comparison of C. murrayana with Carybdea marsupialis (Lin- naeus, 1758) and with Carybdea branchi Gershwin & Gibbons, 2009 was performed because the validity of the species has been doubted for over a century and because C. murrayana had been declared a synonym of C. marsupialis by au- thors like Mayer, Bigelow and Kramp, due to an apparent overlapping distribution range. The results demonstrate that C. murrayana is different from C. marsupialis but identical to C. branchi. Therefore, C. branchi is declared a junior synonym of the valid species C. murrayana Haeckel, 1880 according to the International Code of Zoological Nomen- clature. Additionally, the line drawings and/or descriptions of the carybdeid species Procharagma prototypus Haeckel, 1880 and Procharybdis cuboides Haeckel, 1880 were translated, diagnosed, compared to well-known carybdeid species and revised. Key words: box jellyfish, carybdeid species, Carybdea marsupialis, museum collection, John Murray Expedition which might have led also to general doubt concerning his Introduction descriptions of new species. Ernst Haeckel is one of the most disputed scientists of Haeckel described about 18 new cubomedusan species the 19th century due to his partial support of Darwin’s the- in his 2nd part of “System der Acraspeden, Medusen” at the ory and their friendship, of further developing his own end of the 19th century (Haeckel 1880) (see Table 1). recapitulation theory (“ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”) Nearly all of the species newly described by Haeckel of evolution and for establishing the disputed and nowa- (1880) were doubted or declared invalid by many authors days disproved biogenetic law or embryological parallel- in the past into the present (e.g. Mayer 1910, Kramp 1961, ism (Haeckel 1899, Blechschmidt 1977, Krauße 1987). Gershwin 2005a+b, 2006a, Collins et al. 2011 Bentlage & Haeckel’s ideas were often speculative and mostly lacked Lewis 2012). The main reasons were: nearly all described empirical support, which tarnished his scientific creden- species seemed to have never turned up again; some were tials (Haeckel 1899, Bowler 1989, Milner 1990, Krauße based on doubtful material (e.g. juvenile, partly destroyed 1987). Additionally, he was accused of falsification con- specimens); and others were seen as synonyms of already cerning drawings (Rütimeyer 1868, Teudt 1909, Richards described species from other locations. 2008) commented on and denied several times by Haeck- Carybdea murrayana Haeckel, 1880 is one example of el himself (Haeckel 1891, Haeckel 1910, Richards 2008), such a doubtful species. It was sampled by the naturalist John Murray during the H.M.S. Challenger Expedition in * Corresponding author: Ilka Straehler-Pohl; E-mail, I.Straehler-Pohl@ 1876, named by Haeckel in 1880 (described and drawn web.de in more detail by him in 1882) but was never officially 2 I. STRAEHLER-POHL Table 1. List of cubomedusan species identified and described by Haeckel (1880), including sampling locations and collectors–species observed for the present study are marked in bold. Original species Size: Reference for Synonym (change)/ Sampling location/ Actual No. name (according BH×BW Actual Family synonyms Status Collector Suborder to Haeckel 1880) (mm) 1 Charybdea Bentlage & Lewis Alatina obeliscus 35×20 West coast of Africa; Cape Carybdeida Alatinidae obeliscus (2012): (Haeckel, 1880) / Verde lslands / Museum nomen dubium Godeffroy, Germany 2 Charybdea Bentlage & Lewis Alatina philippina 30×20 Pelew Islands (Palau), Carybdeida Alatinidae philippina (2012): (Haeckel, 1880) / The Philippines / Semper nomen dubium 3 Charybdea Gershwin (2005a, b): Alatina pyramis 30×20 Tropic belt of Atlantic Carybdeida Alatinidae pyramis (Haeckel, 1880) / valid Ocean; Antilles / Museum Godeffroy, Germany Bentlage & Lewis Alatina pyramis (Haeckel, (2012): 1880) / nomen dubium 4 Procharybdis Mayer (1910): Maybe juvenile of 40×40 Pacific Coast of Central Carybdeida Alatinidae securigera Carybdea rastonii America / Fuchs Haacke, 1887 / not valid 5 Procharybdis Mayer (1910): Procharybdis tetraptera / 30×20 Indian Ocean; Carybdeida Alatinidae tetraptera maybe a Carybdea Sunda-Archipelago species and/or immature (Sunda Strait)-Java/ Sumatra/ Rabbe Gershwin (2005a, b): Alatina tetraptera (Haeckel 1880) / valid 6 Procharybdis Bentlage & Lewis Alatina turricula (Haeckel, 170×70 Pelew Islands (Palau), Carybdeida Alatinidae turricula (2012): 1880) / nomen dubium The Philippines/ Semper 7 Charybdea Kramp (1961): Carybdea marsupialis 60×50 West coast of Africa, Carybdeida Carybdeidae murrayana (Linnaeus, 1758) / not far from Sierra not valid Leone/John Murray Gershwin & Gibbons Carybdea murrayana (2009): Haeckel, 1880 / valid 8 Procharagma Mayer (1910): Carybdea rastonii 8×8 Chinese Sea/Weber Carybdeida Carybdeidae prototypus (Haacke, 1887) / not valid Bentlage & Lewis Carybdea prototypus (2012): (Haeckel, 1880), nomen dubium 9 Procharybdis Mayer (1910): Carybdea rastonii 35×35 Sandwich Islands/n/a Carybdeida Carybdeidae cuboides Haacke, 1887 / not valid 10 Tamoya Mayer (1910): Tamoya haplonema / 80×40 West Indian Ocean, Carybdeida Tamoyidae prismatica not valid Antilles / Schnehagen Straehler-Pohl Tamoya prismatica / (2019): species inquirenda 11 Procharybdis Mayer (1910), Procharybdis flagellata / 40×20 North coast of Carybdeida ? flagellata Southcott (1956): not valid Australia;Torres-Strait / Weber (New-Guinea / Lesson?) 12 Procharagma Gershwin 2005a Copula aurea / ? 10×? Pelew Islands (Palau), Carybdeida Tripedaliidae aurea The Philippines / Semper 13 Tamoya Bentlage & Lewis Tamoya bursaria (Lesson, 100×70 New-Guinea, Rawack, Carybdeida ? bursaria (2012): 1829) / nomen dubium Waigiou / Lesson 14 Tamoya Bentlage & Lewis Tamoya haeckeli 160-200 Tropical Part of Pacific Carybdeida ? gargantua (2012): Southcott, 1967= ×80-100 Ocean; Tahiti / Lesson; Tamoya gargantua / valid Samoa / Weber Straehler-Pohl Tamoya haeckeli (2019): Southcott, 1967 / species inquirenda 15 Chirodropus Uchida (1929): Chirodropus gorilla / valid 150×120 Coast of Lower Guinea Chirodropida Chirodropidae gorilla (Equatorial Guinea), Chinchozo, Loango / Falkenstein Validity of Carybdea murrayana Haeckel, 1880 3 Table 1. List of cubomedusan species identified and described by Haeckel (1880), including sampling locations and collectors–species Tableobserved 1. forContinued. the present study are marked in bold. Original species Size: Reference for Synonym (change)/ Sampling location/ Actual No. name (according BH×BW Actual Family synonyms Status Collector Suborder to Haeckel 1880) (mm) Thiel (1936): Chiropsalmus quadrumanus / not valid Kramp (1961): Chirodropus gorilla/valid 16 Chirodropus Mianzan & Cornelius Maybe conspecific with 100×70 South Atlantic Ocean, Chirodropida Chirodropidae palmatus (1999): Chirodropus gorilla/ Not far from Island St. uncertain status Helena/Levasseur Thiel (1936): Chiropsalmus quadrumanus/not valid Gershwin (2006a): Chirodropus palmatus/ provisionally valid Straehler-Pohl Chirodropus palmatus/ (2019): valid 17 Chiropsalmus Gershwin (2006a): Chiropsoides 50×45 Indian Ocean, Rangoon/ Chirodropida Chiropsalmidae quadrigatus* quadrigatus/valid Thallitzer 18 Chiropsalmus Thiel (1928): Chiropsalmus quadrigatus 60×40 South Atlantic Ocean, on Chirodropida Chiropsalmidae zygonema (=Chiropsoides the Argentinean coast/ quadrigatus)/not valid Smith Uchida (1929): Chiropsalmus zygonema/ uncertain species Thiel (1936): Chiropsalmus quadrumanus/not valid Southcott (1956): Chiropsalmus zygonema/ probably immature form, status unsure Gershwin (2006a): Chiropsalmus zygonema/valid *confused with other chirodropid species from Asian waters that belonged to other families and genera by e.g. Mayer (1910), Southcott (1956), Kramp (1961). sighted again and was, therefore, doubted and seen as a Material and Methods probable variety of Carybdea marsupialis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mayer 1910, Bigelow 1938, Kramp 1961). Gershwin & All medusae specimens observed were preserved in 5% Gibbons (2009) were the first to argue for the validity of formalin and water. the species. Bentlage & Lewis (2012) listed C. murrayana in their Carybdeidae species list. Morphological comparison The type material of C. murrayana was rediscovered The rediscovered type specimens of Carybdea mur- in 2016 in the cubomedusan collection of the Natural His- rayana were preserved in 5%–7% formalin; therefore, no tory Museum of London. It consisted of two mature female molecular analysis could be performed. However, as all medusae, one was dissected and broken into three pieces, anatomical structures were excellently preserved a direct and the other one was only cut open on one side. These comparison with the structures of the Carybdea species specimens show all the features that Haeckel (1880, 1882) from Africa and Spain was possible. Therefore, only mor- drew and described. As there
Recommended publications
  • Wild About Learning

    Wild About Learning

    WILD ABOUT LEARNING An Interdisciplinary Unit Fostering Discovery Learning Written on a 4th grade reading level, Wild Discoveries: Wacky New Animals, is perfect for every kid who loves wacky animals! With engaging full-color photos throughout, the book draws readers right into the animal action! Wild Discoveries features newly discovered species from around the world--such as the Shocking Pink Dragon and the Green Bomber. These wacky species are organized by region with fun facts about each one's amazing abilities and traits. The book concludes with a special section featuring new species discovered by kids! Heather L. Montgomery writes about science and nature for kids. Her subject matter ranges from snake tongues to snail poop. Heather is an award-winning teacher who uses yuck appeal to engage young minds. During a typical school visit, petrified parts and tree guts inspire reluctant writers and encourage scientific thinking. Heather has a B.S. in Biology and a M.S. in Environmental Education. When she is not writing, you can find her painting her face with mud at the McDowell Environmental Center where she is the Education Coordinator. Heather resides on the Tennessee/Alabama border. Learn more about her ten books at www.HeatherLMontgomery.com. Dear Teachers, Photo by Sonya Sones As I wrote Wild Discoveries: Wacky New Animals, I was astounded by how much I learned. As expected, I learned amazing facts about animals and the process of scientifically describing new species, but my knowledge also grew in subjects such as geography, math and language arts. I have developed this unit to share that learning growth with children.
  • Anatomia Associada Ao Comportamento Reprodutivo De

    Anatomia Associada Ao Comportamento Reprodutivo De

    Jimena García Rodríguez Anatomia associada ao comportamento reprodutivo de Cubozoa Anatomy associated with the reproductive behavior of Cubozoa São Paulo 2015 Jimena García Rodríguez Anatomia associada ao comportamento reprodutivo de Cubozoa Anatomy associated with the reproductive behavior of Cubozoa Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção de Título de Mestre em Ciências, na Área de Zoologia Orientador: Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Marques São Paulo 2015 García Rodríguez, Jimena Anatomia associada ao comportamento reprodutivo de Cubozoa 96 páginas Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Zoologia. 1. Cubozoa; 2. Histologia; 3. Reprodução. I. Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências. Departamento de Zoologia. Comissão Julgadora Prof(a) Dr(a) Prof(a) Dr(a) Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos Marques A mis padres, hermana y en especial a mi abuelita “Caminante, son tus huellas el camino y nada más; Caminante, no hay camino, se hace camino al andar. Al andar se hace el camino, y al volver la vista atrás se ve la senda que nunca se ha de volver a pisar. Caminante no hay camino sino estelas en la mar” Antonio Machado, 1912 Agradecimentos Em primeiro lugar, eu gostaria de agradecer ao meu orientador Antonio Carlos Marques, Tim, pela confiança desde o primeiro dia, pela ajuda tanto pessoal como profissional durante os dois anos de mestrado, pelas discussões de cada tema tratado e estudado e pelas orientações que tornaram possível a elaboração deste trabalho. Agradeço também o apoio institucional do Instituto de Biociências e do Centro de Biologia Marinha da Universidade de São Paulo.
  • Two New Species of Box Jellies (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida)

    Two New Species of Box Jellies (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida)

    RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 29 010–019 (2014) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.29(1).2014.010-019 Two new species of box jellies (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from the central coast of Western Australia, both presumed to cause Irukandji syndrome Lisa-Ann Gershwin CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT – Irukandji jellies are of increasing interest as their stings are becoming more frequently reported around the world. Previously only two species were known from Western Australia, namely Carukia shinju Gershwin, 2005 and Malo maxima Gershwin, 2005, both from Broome. Two new species believed to cause Irukandji syndrome have recently been found and are described herein. One, Malo bella sp. nov., is from the Ningaloo Reef and Dampier Archipelago regions. It differs from its congeners in its small size at maturity, its statolith shape, irregular warts on the perradial lappets, and a unique combination of other traits outlined herein. This species is not associated with any particular stings, but its phylogenetic affi nity would suggest that it may be highly toxic. The second species, Keesingia gigas gen. et sp. nov., is from the Shark Bay and Ningaloo Reef regions. This enormous species is unique in possessing key characters of three families, including crescentic phacellae and broadly winged pedalia (Alatinidae) and deeply incised rhopalial niches and feathery diverticulations on the velarial canals (Carukiidae and Tamoyidae). These two new species bring the total species known or believed to cause Irukandji syndrome to at least 16. Research into the biology and ecology of these species should be considered a high priority, in order to manage their potential impacts on public safety.
  • Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Cnidarian Relationships and the Origins of Key Organismal Traits

    Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analyses Resolve Cnidarian Relationships and the Origins of Key Organismal Traits

    Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits Ehsan Kayal1,2, Bastian Bentlage1,3, M. Sabrina Pankey5, Aki H. Ohdera4, Monica Medina4, David C. Plachetzki5*, Allen G. Collins1,6, Joseph F. Ryan7,8* Authors Institutions: 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 2. UPMC, CNRS, FR2424, ABiMS, Station Biologique, 29680 Roscoff, France 3. Marine Laboratory, university of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA 4. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 5. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA 6. National Systematics Laboratory, NOAA Fisheries, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution 7. Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St Augustine, FL, USA 8. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3172v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 21 Aug 2017, publ: 21 Aug 20171 Abstract Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage. Results: Here we describe a well-supported hypothesis for cnidarian phylogeny based on phylogenomic analyses of new and existing genome scale data that includes representatives of all cnidarian classes.
  • Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish

    Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish

    diversity Review Population Structures and Levels of Connectivity for Scyphozoan and Cubozoan Jellyfish Michael J. Kingsford * , Jodie A. Schlaefer and Scott J. Morrissey Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; [email protected] (J.A.S.); [email protected] (S.J.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Understanding the hierarchy of populations from the scale of metapopulations to mesopop- ulations and member local populations is fundamental to understanding the population dynamics of any species. Jellyfish by definition are planktonic and it would be assumed that connectivity would be high among local populations, and that populations would minimally vary in both ecological and genetic clade-level differences over broad spatial scales (i.e., hundreds to thousands of km). Although data exists on the connectivity of scyphozoan jellyfish, there are few data on cubozoans. Cubozoans are capable swimmers and have more complex and sophisticated visual abilities than scyphozoans. We predict, therefore, that cubozoans have the potential to have finer spatial scale differences in population structure than their relatives, the scyphozoans. Here we review the data available on the population structures of scyphozoans and what is known about cubozoans. The evidence from realized connectivity and estimates of potential connectivity for scyphozoans indicates the following. Some jellyfish taxa have a large metapopulation and very large stocks (>1000 s of km), while others have clade-level differences on the scale of tens of km. Data on distributions, genetics of medusa and Citation: Kingsford, M.J.; Schlaefer, polyps, statolith shape, elemental chemistry of statoliths and biophysical modelling of connectivity J.A.; Morrissey, S.J.
  • Ecosystems Mario V

    Ecosystems Mario V

    Ecosystems Mario V. Balzan, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Najet Aroua, Virginie Baldy, Magda Bou Dagher, Cristina Branquinho, Jean-Claude Dutay, Monia El Bour, Frédéric Médail, Meryem Mojtahid, et al. To cite this version: Mario V. Balzan, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Najet Aroua, Virginie Baldy, Magda Bou Dagher, et al.. Ecosystems. Cramer W, Guiot J, Marini K. Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin -Current Situation and Risks for the Future, Union for the Mediterranean, Plan Bleu, UNEP/MAP, Marseille, France, pp.323-468, 2021, ISBN: 978-2-9577416-0-1. hal-03210122 HAL Id: hal-03210122 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03210122 Submitted on 28 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin – Current Situation and Risks for the Future First Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1) Chapter 4 Ecosystems Coordinating Lead Authors: Mario V. Balzan (Malta), Abed El Rahman Hassoun (Lebanon) Lead Authors: Najet Aroua (Algeria), Virginie Baldy (France), Magda Bou Dagher (Lebanon), Cristina Branquinho (Portugal), Jean-Claude Dutay (France), Monia El Bour (Tunisia), Frédéric Médail (France), Meryem Mojtahid (Morocco/France), Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez (Spain), Pier Paolo Roggero (Italy), Sergio Rossi Heras (Italy), Bertrand Schatz (France), Ioannis N.
  • Cubozoan Genome Illuminates Functional Diversification Of

    Cubozoan Genome Illuminates Functional Diversification Of

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Cubozoan genome illuminates functional diversification of opsins and photoreceptor evolution Received: 10 February 2015 1,* 1,* 1 1 Accepted: 05 June 2015 Michaela Liegertová , Jiří Pergner , Iryna Kozmiková , Peter Fabian , 2 3 3 3 2 Published: 08 July 2015 Antonio R. Pombinho , Hynek Strnad , Jan Pačes , Čestmír Vlček , Petr Bartůněk & Zbyněk Kozmik1 Animals sense light primarily by an opsin-based photopigment present in a photoreceptor cell. Cnidaria are arguably the most basal phylum containing a well-developed visual system. The evolutionary history of opsins in the animal kingdom has not yet been resolved. Here, we study the evolution of animal opsins by genome-wide analysis of the cubozoan jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora, a cnidarian possessing complex lens-containing eyes and minor photoreceptors. A large number of opsin genes with distinct tissue- and stage-specific expression were identified. Our phylogenetic analysis unequivocally classifies cubozoan opsins as a sister group to c-opsins and documents lineage-specific expansion of the opsin gene repertoire in the cubozoan genome. Functional analyses provided evidence for the use of the Gs-cAMP signaling pathway in a small set of cubozoan opsins, indicating the possibility that the majority of other cubozoan opsins signal via distinct pathways. Additionally, these tests uncovered subtle differences among individual opsins, suggesting possible fine-tuning for specific photoreceptor tasks. Based on phylogenetic, expression and biochemical analysis we propose that rapid lineage- and species-specific duplications of the intron-less opsin genes and their subsequent functional diversification promoted evolution of a large repertoire of both visual and extraocular photoreceptors in cubozoans.
  • Recruitment of Toxin-Like Proteins with Ancestral Venom Function Supports Endoparasitic Lifestyles of Myxozoa

    Recruitment of Toxin-Like Proteins with Ancestral Venom Function Supports Endoparasitic Lifestyles of Myxozoa

    Recruitment of toxin-like proteins with ancestral venom function supports endoparasitic lifestyles of Myxozoa Ashlie Hartigan1,2,*, Adrian Jaimes-Becerra3,*, Beth Okamura1, Liam B. Doonan2, Malcolm Ward4, Antonio C. Marques3 and Paul F. Long2,5 1 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom 2 Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, University of London, London, United Kingdom 3 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 4 Aulesa Biosciences Ltd, Shefford, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom 5 Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Cnidarians are the oldest lineage of venomous animals and use nematocysts to discharge toxins. Whether venom toxins have been recruited to support parasitic lifestyles in the Endocnidozoa (Myxozoa + Polypodium) is, however, unknown. To examine this issue we variously employed transcriptomic, proteomic, associated molecular phylogenies, and localisation studies on representative primitive and derived myxozoans (Malacosporea and Myxosporea, respectively), Polypodium hydriforme, and the free-living staurozoan Calvadosia cruxmelitensis. Our transcriptomics and proteomics analyses provide evidence for expression and translation of venom toxin homologs in myxozoans. Phylogenetic placement of Kunitz type serine protease inhibitors and phospholipase A2 enzymes reveals modification of toxins inherited from ancestral free-living cnidarian toxins, and that venom diversity is reduced in myxozoans concordant with their reduced genome sizes. Various phylogenetic analyses of the Kunitz-type toxin family in Endocnidozoa Submitted 7 December 2020 suggested lineage-specific gene duplications, which offers a possible mechanism for Accepted 12 March 2021 fi Published 26 April 2021 enhancing toxin diversi cation.
  • Etiology of Irukandji Syndrome with Particular Focus on the Venom Ecology and Life History of One Medically Significant Carybdeid Box Jellyfish Alatina Moseri

    Etiology of Irukandji Syndrome with Particular Focus on the Venom Ecology and Life History of One Medically Significant Carybdeid Box Jellyfish Alatina Moseri

    ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Carrette, Teresa Jo (2014) Etiology of Irukandji Syndrome with particular focus on the venom ecology and life history of one medically significant carybdeid box jellyfish Alatina moseri. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40748/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/40748/ Etiology of Irukandji Syndrome with particular focus on the venom ecology and life history of one medically significant carybdeid box jellyfish Alatina moseri Thesis submitted by Teresa Jo Carrette BSc MSc December 2014 For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology and Tropical Ecology within the College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Dedication: “The sea, once it casts its spell, holds one in its net of wonder forever.” Jacques Yves Cousteau To my family – and my ocean home ii Acknowledgements Firstly, I have to acknowledge my primary supervisor Associate Professor Jamie Seymour. We have spent the last 17 years in a variable state of fatigue, blind enthusiasm, inspiration, reluctance, pain-killer driven delusion, hope and misery. I have you to blame/thank for it all. Just when I think all hope is lost and am about to throw it all in you seem to step in with the words of wisdom that I need.
  • AIMS@JCU Outputs 2004 Onwards Abdul Wahab MA; De Nys R

    AIMS@JCU Outputs 2004 Onwards Abdul Wahab MA; De Nys R

    AIMS@JCU Outputs 2004 onwards Abdul Wahab MA; de Nys R; Whalan SW (2012) Closing the lifecycle for the sustainable aquaculture of the bath sponge Coscinoderma matthewsi. Aquaculture, 324-325. pp. 281-289 http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/22035 Adams VM; Pressey RL; Stoeckl NE (2012) Estimating land and conservation management costs: the first step in designing a stewardship program for the Northern Territory. Biological Conservation, 148 (1). pp. 44-53 http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/20245 Andutta FP; Kingsford MJ; Wolanski E (2012) 'Sticky water' enables the retention of larvae in a reef mosaic. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 101. pp. 54-63 http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/22906 Angell AR; Pirozzi I; de Nys R; Paul N (2012) Feeding preferences and the nutritional value of tropical algae for the abalone Haliotis asinina. PLoS ONE, 7 (6). pp. 1-10 http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/22050 Athauda SB; Anderson TA; de Nys R (2012) Effect of rearing water temperature on protandrous sex inversion in cultured Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). General and Comparative Endocrinology, 175 (3). pp. 416-423 http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/20838 Baird AH; Campbell SJ; Fadli N; Hoey AS; Rudi E (2012) The shallow water hard corals of Pulau Weh, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation, 5 (1). pp. 23-28 http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/22743 Bannister RJ; Battershill CN; de Nys R (2012) Suspended sediment grain size and mineralogy across the continental shelf of the Great Barrier Reef: impacts on the physiology of a coral reef sponge. Continental Shelf Research, 32. pp.
  • Biology, Ecology and Ecophysiology of the Box Jellyfish Biology, Ecology and Ecophysiology of the Box Jellyfishcarybdea Marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa)

    Biology, Ecology and Ecophysiology of the Box Jellyfish Biology, Ecology and Ecophysiology of the Box Jellyfishcarybdea Marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa)

    Biology, ecology and ecophysiology of the box M. J. ACEVEDO jellyfish Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) Carybdea marsupialis MELISSA J. ACEVEDO DUDLEY PhD Thesis September 2016 Biology, ecology and ecophysiology of the box jellyfish Biology, ecology and ecophysiology of the box jellyfishCarybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) Biologia, ecologia i ecofisiologia de la cubomedusa Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) Melissa Judith Acevedo Dudley Memòria presentada per optar al grau de Doctor per la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Programa de Doctorat en Ciències del Mar (RD 99/2011). Tesi realitzada a l’Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC). Director: Dr. Albert Calbet (ICM-CSIC) Co-directora: Dra. Verónica Fuentes (ICM-CSIC) Tutor/Ponent: Dr. Xavier Gironella (UPC) Barcelona – Setembre 2016 The author has been financed by a FI-DGR pre-doctoral fellowship (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya). The research presented in this thesis has been carried out in the framework of the LIFE CUBOMED project (LIFE08 NAT/ES/0064). The design in the cover is a modification of an original drawing by Ernesto Azzurro. “There is always an open book for all eyes: nature” Jean Jacques Rousseau “The growth of human populations is exerting an unbearable pressure on natural systems that, obviously, are on the edge of collapse […] the principles we invented to regulate our activities (economy, with its infinite growth) are in conflict with natural principles (ecology, with the finiteness of natural systems) […] Jellyfish are just a symptom of this
  • Seasonality, Interannual Variation and Distribution of Carybdea Marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) in the Mediterranean Coast: Influence of Human Impacts

    Seasonality, Interannual Variation and Distribution of Carybdea Marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) in the Mediterranean Coast: Influence of Human Impacts

    5th International Jellyfish Bloom Symposium Barcelona May 30 - June 3, 2016 Seasonality, interannual variation and distribution of Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) in the Mediterranean coast: influence of human impacts JBS-07 / Oral Presentation_05 Melissa J. Acevedo1, Antonio Canepa2, César Bordehore3, Mar Bosch-Belmar4, Cristina Alonso3, Sabrina Zappu5, Elia Durà3, Alan Deidun6, Stefano Piraino4, Albert Calbet1, Verónica Fuentes1 1 Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain 2 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile 3 Departamento de Ecología e Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio “Ramon Margalef” IMEM, Universidad de Alicante, Spain 4 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Italy 5 Department of Environmental Sciences and Territory, University of Sassari, Italy 6 IOI – Malta Operational Centre, University of Malta, Malta This study addresses the seasonal and interannual variability in box jellyfish abundance for a population of Carybdea marsupialis monitored along the coast of Denia (NW Mediterranean, Spain). Environmental data and cubomedusae density have been monthly recorded from March 2010 to December 2013. Environmental variables registered included water temperature, salinity, nutrients concentration (i.e. DIN, phosphate and silicon), chlorophyll concentration and zooplankton abundance and composition. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) have been fitted to understand the relationships of aforementioned environmental variables and C. marsupialis abundance. Salinity and chlorophyll concentration have been reported as the most important variables influencing C. marsupialis abundance, as well as N and P concentrations. Also, LUSI (Land Use Simplified Index) showed a positive correlation with the presence of this box jellyfish; this index reflects the impact of nutrient inputs along the coast.