World Bank Document
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
ME-WbCorrt Public Disclosure Authorized 1 73 1z1World Bank Discussion Papers The Livestock Public Disclosure Authorized Sector in Eastern Europe Constraints Public Disclosure Authorized and Opportunities Cornelis de Haan, Tjaart Schilihom van Veen, and Karen Brooks Public Disclosure Authorized FiLECOPY Recent World Bank Discussion Papers No. 114 UsingKnowledgefrom Social Science in DevelopmentProjects. Michael M. Cernea No. 115 DesigningMajor PolicyReform: Lessonsfromthe TransportSector. Ian G. Heggie No. 116 Women's Work, Education,and Family Wefare in Peru. BarbaraK. Herz and ShahidurR. Khandker,editors No. 117 DevelopingFinancial Institutionsfor the Poorand ReducingBarriers to AccessforWomen. SharonL. Holt and HelenaRibe No. 118 Improvingthe Performanceof SovietEnterprises. John Nellis No. 119 PublicEnterprise Reform: Lessonsffrom the Past and Issuesforthe Future.Ahmed Galal No. 120 The InformationTechnology Revolution and EconomicDevelopment. Nagy K. Hanna No. 121 PromotingRural Cooperativesin DevelopingCountries: The Case of Sub-SaharanAfrica. Avishay Braverman, J. Luis Guasch,Monika Huppi, and LorenzPohlrneier No. 122 Pe!formanceEvaluationfor Public Enterprises. Leroy P. Jones No. 123 UrbanHousing Reform in China: An EconomicAnalysis. GeorgeS. Tolley No. 124 The New FiscalFederalism in Brazil.Anwar Shah No. 125 HousingReform in SocialistEconomies. Bertrand Renaud No. 126 AgriculturalTechnology in Sub-SaharanAfrica: A Workshopon ResearchIssues. Suzanne Gnaegy andJock R. Anderson,editors No. 127 UsingIndigenous Knowledge in AgriculturalDevelopment. D. MichaelWarren No. 128 Researchon Irrigationand DrainageTechnologies: Fifteen Years of WorldBank Experience.Raed Safadiand Herve Plusquellec No. 129 Rent Controlin DevelopingCountries. Stephen Malpezzi and GwendolynBall No. 130 Patternsof DirectForeign Investment in China. ZafarShah Khan No. 131 A New View of EconomicGrowth: Four Lectures. Maurice FG. Scott No. 132 AdjustingEducational Policies: Conserving Resources While RaisingSchool Quality. Bruce Fullerand AkliluHabte, editors No. 133 Letting GirlsLeam: PromisingApproaches in Primaryand SecondaryEducation. Barbara Herz, K. Subbarao, MasoomaHabib, and LauraRaney No. 134 ForestEconomics and PolicyAnalysis: An Overview.William F. Hyde and DavidH. Newman,with a contribution by Roger A. Sedjo No. 135 A StrategyforFisheries Development. Eduardo Loayza, in collaborationwith LucianM. Sprague No. 136 StrengtheningPublic Service Accountability: A ConceptualFramework. Samuel Paul No. 137 DeferredCost Recoveryfor Higher Education: Student Loan Programsin DevelopingCountries. Douglas Albrecht andAdrian Ziderman No. 138 Coal Pricingin China: Issuesand ReformStrategy. Yves Albouy No. 139 PorcfolioPeformance of SelectedSocial Security Institutes in Latin America.Carmelo Mesa-Lago No. 140 SocialSecurity and ProspectsforEquity in LatinAmerica. Carmelo Mesa-Lago No. 141 China's ForeignTrade and ComparativeAdvantage: Prospects, Problems, and PolicyImplications. Alexander J. Yeats No. 142 RestructuringSocialist Industry: Poland's Experience in 1990. Homi J. Kharas (Continued on the inside back cover.) 1 73 1=1Worldw Bak DiscussionPapers The Livestock Sector in Eastern Europe Constraints and Opportunities Comelis de Haan, Tjaart Schillhorn van Veen, and Karen Brooks The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright O 1992 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLDBANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing September 1992 Discussion Papers present results of country analysisor research that is circulated to encourage discussion and comment within the development community. To present these resultswith the least possible delay, the typescript of this paper has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibilityfor errors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressedin this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the Wodd Bank, to its affiliatedorganizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibilitywhatsoever for any consequence of their use. Any maps that accompany the text have been prepared solely for the convenience of readers; the designations and presentation of material in them do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Bank, its affiliates,or its Board or member countries concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of the authorities thereof or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries or its national affiliation. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Pubhsher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Pernission to copy portions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 CongressStreet, Salem, Massachusetts01970, U.S.A. The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications, which contains an alphabeticaltitle list (with full ordering information) and indexes of subjects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is availablefree of charge from the Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, Department F, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'Iena, 75116 Paris, France. ISSN: 0259-21OX Comelis de Haan is livestock adviser in the Wordd Bank's Agriculture and Rural Development Departmnent.Tjaart Schillhom van Veen is livestock specialistin the Agriculture and Rural Development Division of the Bank's Europe and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa Regions Shared Services Department. Karen Brooks is senior economist in the Agricultural Policies Division of the Bank's Agriculture and Rural Development Department. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Haan, C. de. The livestock sector in Eastern Europe: constraints and opportunities / Cornelis de Haan, Tjaart Schillhorn van Veen, and Karen Brooks. p. cm. - (World Bank discussionpapers; 173) Includes bibliographicalreferences. ISBN 0-8213-2202-8 1. Animal industry-Europe, Eastern. 2. Livestock-Europe, Eastern. 3. Agriculture-Economic aspects-Europe, Eastern. I. Schillhorn-van-Veen, T. W. II. Brooks, Karen McConnell. III. Title. IV. Series. HD9425.E82H3 1992 338.1'76'00947-dc2O 92-26314 CIP - Ili - - ~~~FOREWORD Agriculturein EastemEurope is undergoingdramatic change. Ownership of land and animalsis transferredfrom the stateto the privatesector. Consumerand prodLucer subsidiesare being phased out, and formerlyprotected internal markets are being openedup. Thesechanges have had profoundeffects on productionand rural income and employment,as intemaland exportdemand collapsed and prices plummeted. 'The wholesector now hasto adaptto theseopen market conditions. Thecrucial livestock sector--contributing about half of agriculturalproduction and usingmore than halfthe locallyproduced grain-was severely affected by the movefrom a commandto a marketeconomy. Pastpolicies of heavyprotection and subsidieshad causedexcessive consumption, use of inappropriate--andoften polluting--technologies and inefficientproduction. The requiredadjustments are thereforethe more painful. Productionhas declined,especially in productionsystems depending on importedfeed withrespect to inputs,and extemal market with respectto output. Overallthe sectorIhas experienceda contractionof approximately20% since the late eighties. Still,the sectorhas considerable potential. Physical conditions are generally good for livestockproduction and marketopportunities already exist and can be still further developed. Thisreport indicates how this potentialcan be furtherdeveloped. It presentsthe currentsituation as a resultof past policiesand recommendsshort and mediumterm measuresto improveefficiency, develop markets and reducesthe sector's negative environmentalimpact. Thisreport intends to guideWorld Bank staff,other donorsand EasternEuropean officials involved in the sectorin the technical,institutional and policy issuesconcerned. HarinderS. Kohli MichelPetit Director Director TechnicalDepartment Agricultureand Rural Europe,Central Asia, Middle East DevelopmentDepartment and NorthAfrica Regions - iv - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors have made extensiveuse of the informationpresented at two consecutiveround tables organized by the EuropeanAssociation for AnimalProduction and FAO in respectivelyBudapest (April 1991) and Berlin (January1992). These contributionsto a betterunderstanding of the processesin the livestocksector in Eastern Europeare gratefullyacknowledged. Furthermore, the authorswish to thankthe many WorldBank colleagueswho commentedon this paper. In particular,they wouldlike to thank Mr. PremC. Garg,who reviewedseveral drafts, Mrs. Arntraud Hartmann and Mr. Odin Knudsenwho acted as peer reviewers,Mr. Rory O'Sullivanfor support and encouragementand Mr. WillemZijp who providedinput in the part on Humanresource development.As alwaysthe remainingerrors and omissionsshould be attributedto the authors.