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CEBUANO for BEGINNERS PALI Language Texts: Philippines (Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute) Howard P CEBUANO FOR BEGINNERS PALI Language Texts: Philippines (Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute) Howard P. McKaughan Editor CEBUANO FOR BEGINNERS by Maria Victoria R. Bunye and Elsa Paula Yap University of Hawaii Press Honolulu 1971 Open Access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Inter- national (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the author. The license also permits readers to create and share de- rivatives of the work, so long as such derivatives are shared under the same terms of this license. Commercial uses require permission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824879778 (PDF) 9780824879761 (EPUB) This version created: 30 May, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. The work reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. 20525. The opinions ex- pressed herein are those of the authors and should not be con- strued as representing the opinions or policy of any agency of the United States Government. Copyright © 1971 by University of Hawaii Press All rights reserved PREFACE The lessons herein were developed under a contract with the Peace Corps (PC 25–1507) at the University of Hawaii under the auspices of the Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute. Earlier drafts of the lessons were tested in Peace Corps training sessions at Hilo, Hawaii. Many have contributed to their development. The authors are indebted to trainees, instructors, coordinators and adminis- trators of the Peace Corps for their suggestions and help. This text is one of a series. Others include a vocabulary and grammatical notes for Cebuano and similar materials for other Philippine languages. Howard P. McKaughan Editor vii CONTENTS Preface vii Part I: Introduction 1 Part II: The Language Textbook 7 Part III: Types of Pattern Drills 9 Part IV: Notes to the Teacher 16 LESSON 1 1 Greetings 1 Particles: [sab], [man], [pod] 1 LESSON 2 5 Greetings: variation 5 Particle: [lang] 5 LESSON 3 9 Greetings: variation 9 Particles: [man], [diay] 9 LESSON 4 13 Demonstrative Pronouns: kini-class 13 Question Words: unsa, kinsa 13 Topic Case Markers: [si], [ang] 13 LESSON 5 20 Personal Pronouns: 1st set, singular, akó-class 20 Interrogative Statements 20 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 1–5 29 LESSON 6 31 Non-Verbal Affix: (taga-) 31 Place Marker: [sa] 31 LESSON 7 39 Personal Pronouns: 1st set, plural, akó-class 39 Particles: [na], [ra], [gyud] 39 Verb: (mu-) class 39 Focus: Actor 39 Mood: Factual and Non-Factual 39 Aspect: Neutral 39 LESSON 8 52 viii CONTENTS Personal Pronouns: 2nd set, preposed possessive, áko-class 52 Agentive Case Markers: [ni], [sa] 52 Demonstrative Pronouns: nia-class 52 Tag Question: dili ba? 52 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 6–8 62 LESSON 9 64 Adjectives: Simplex Form 64 Non-verbal Affix: (-a/-ha) 64 LESSON 10 73 Adjectives: Simplex Form 73 Oblique Case Marker: [ug] 73 Ligature: [nga] 73 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 8-10 85 LESSON 11 87 Existential Form: aduna 87 Negation: wala 87 Personal Pronouns: 3rd set, nako-class 87 Noun Marker: (-y) 87 LESSON 12 103 Personal Pronouns: 3rd set, nako-class in Indirect Discourse 103 Question Words: asa, ngano, pila 103 Particles: [kay], [aron], [uban] 103 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 11–12 113 LESSON 13 115 Question Word: hain 115 Demonstrative Pronouns: nia-class 115 Sa-phrase indicating Location 115 Verb: (mag-) class 115 Focus: Actor 115 Mood: Factual and Non-Factual 115 Aspect: Progressive 115 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 11–13 125 LESSON 14 127 Question Words: pila, anus-a 127 Non-Verbal Affix: (ika-) 127 Particle: [ka] 127 Months, Seasons, Years 127 Numerals 127 LESSON 15 132 Question Word: tagpila 132 Non-Verbal Affix: (tag-) 132 LESSON 16 139 ix CONTENTS Question Words: pila, unsa 139 Days of the Week 139 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 14–16 147 LESSON 17 149 Hour Marker: [ala]/[alas] 149 Marker: [sa] 149 LESSON 17A 155 A Question Word: pila 155 Weights and Measures 155 LESSON 18 162 Pseudo-Verb: Gusto + Non-Factual Mood of the verb 162 Afactual Mood (Imperative) (pag-) + V base 162 Negation: Ayaw + V base 162 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 17–18 173 LESSON 19 175 Pseudo-Verb: kinahanglan + Non-Factual Mood of the verb 175 Adverbial construction: [ug] + adverb 175 LESSON 20 186 Verb: (mag-) class Focus: Actor Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Progressive 186 Hortatory Expression: (mag-) class V + kita 186 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 19–20 196 LESSON 21 198 Adjectives: Simplex Form 198 Non-Verbal Affixes: (ka-) (gi--on) 198 LESSON 22 211 Preposed Possessive Pronouns: 2nd set, áko-class 211 Non-Verbal Affix: (-a/-ha) 211 Adjectives: Pluralization: Non-Verbal Affix (-g-) Comparative Form: [mas] + Adj base Superlative Form: [labing] + Adj base 211 Personal Pronouns: 4th set, kanako-class 211 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 21–22 225 LESSON 23 228 Adjectives: Full Reduplication + [pa] 228 Contrast between the particles [pa] and [na] 228 LESSON 24 237 Adjectives: Non-Verbal Affix (pala-) 237 x CONTENTS Verb: (-on) class Focus: Goal Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Neutral 237 Demonstrative Pronouns: niini-class 237 LESSON 25 248 Demonstrative Pronouns: dinhi-class Compound Form: nia dinhi 248 Personal Pronouns: 4th set, kanako-class 248 LESSON 25A 258 Demonstrative Pronouns: nganhi-class 258 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 23-25A 266 LESSON 26 269 Nominalizing Affixes: V base + (-an) V base + (-anan) 269 Verb: (-an) class Focus: Benefactive/Locative Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Neutral 269 LESSON 27 277 Existential Form: may Negation: wala 277 LESSON 28 290 Demonstrative Pronouns: anhi-class 290 Compound Demonstratives: nia dinhi anhi dinhi 290 Question Words: asa, hain, diin 290 Dili and Wala in Verbal Construction expressing Time Meaning 290 LESSON 29 305 Question Word: kang kinsa 305 Personal Pronouns: 4th set, kanako-class 305 Oblique Case Markers: para kang para sa 305 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 26–29 315 LESSON 30 318 Verb: (maka-) class Focus: Actor Mood: Non-Factual Aspect: Aptative 318 Afactual Forms: V base V base + (-a/-ha) (paN-) + V base 318 Negation: ayaw 318 LESSON 31 328 xi CONTENTS Afactual Mood: Verbal Affixes (-i) in Benefactive & Locative Focus (i-) in Instrumental Focus (i-), (-1) in Goal Focus 328 LESSON 32 341 Verb: Stative Forms 341 Affixes: (gi-) (gi--an/-han) 341 Negation: wala + (-a/-ha) wala + (-i/-hi) 341 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 30–32 352 LESSON 33 355 Verb: (ma-) class Focus: Actor Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Neutral 355 Distributive Aspect: (manga-) (maN-) 355 LESSON 34 365 Verbal Affixes in Dependent Clauses: (pag-/pagka-) (ig-/igka-) 365 Nominalized Verb: (pag-) + V base 365 Question Words: anus-a, kanus-a 365 LESSON 35 378 Cumulative Review Focus: Actor, Goal Mood: Factual, Non-Factual Verbal Affixes in Dependent Clauses Demonstrative Pronouns: kini-class niini-class 378 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 33–35 391 LESSON 36 394 Verb: (-on), (-an) classes Focus: Goal, Benefactive Mood: Factual, Non-Factual, Afactual Aspect: Neutral 394 LESSON 37 403 Cumulative Review: Verbs Focus: Goal, Benefactive Mood: Factual, Non-Factual, Afactual 403 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 36–37 414 LESSON 38 416 xii CONTENTS Verb: (maka-) class Focus: Actor Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Aptative 416 LESSON 39 425 Verb: (maka-) class Focus: Actor Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Aptative 425 LESSON 40 434 Verb: (ma-) class* Focus: Goal Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Aptative 434 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 38–40 446 LESSON 41 449 Verb: (ma--an/-han) class Focus: Goal, Locative Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Aptative 449 LESSON 42 464 Cumulative Review of Verbs: Focus: Goal, Benefactive Mood: Factual, Non-Factual, Afactual 464 LESSON 43 477 Verb: (magpa-) class Focus: Actor Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Progressive Causative 477 Verb: (ipa-) class Focus: Goal1, Instrumental Mood: Factual and Non-Factual Aspect: Causative 477 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 41–43 492 LESSON 44 494 Verb: (pa--an) class Focus: Benefactive Mood: Factual, Non-Factual, Afactual Aspect: Causative 494 Verb: (pa--on) class Focus: Goal2 Mood: Factual, Non-Factual, Afactual Aspect: Causative 494 xiii CONTENTS LESSON 45 504 Verbs: Causative Aspect Afactual Mood 504 (pagpa-) -Focus: Actor Progressive Causative Mood 504 (ipa-) - Focus: Instrumental, Goal1 504 (pa- -i) - Focus: Benefactive, Goal1 504 (pa- -a) - Focus: Goal2 504 Supplementary Materials: Lessons 44-45 512 GLOSSARY 516 APPENDIX I: Coverage of Structures 558 A. Charts of Personal Pronouns 558 B. Charts of Demonstrative Pronouns 559 C. Case Markers: Topic, Agentive, Oblique 560 D. Verbal Affixes: Focus, Mood, Aspect 560 E. Non-Verbal Affixes 563 F. Adjectives 564 G. Particles 564 H. Question Words 565 I. Existential Forms, Negations, Ligatures 565 J. Prepositions 565 APPENDIX II 566 A. Useful Classroom Expressions 567 B. Common Expressions Used in Different Contexts 574 C. Useful Questions/Expressions for Use during Informant Sessions 579 D. Miscellaneous Idiomatic Expressions 582 E. Questions Relating to Filipino Host Family 584 F. Questions Relating to Biographical Information 590 APPENDIX III: Some Useful Lexical Items 596 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS I 604 A. Cebuano Phonology Lessons 604 B. Intonation Contour 604 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS II: Readings for Comprehension 637 A. Narratives for the dialogues 638 xiv CONTENTS B. Short paragraphs (contextual), followed by Questions and Answers 651 C. Games 666 D. Legends 669 E. Recipes 679 F. Songs and Riddles 697 xv Part I: Introduction The Cebuano language.
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