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Garments of the Gods: Studies on the Textile Industry and the Pantheon of Sippar According to the Texts from the Ebabbar Archive

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Garments of the Gods: Studies on the Textile Industry and the Pantheon of Sippar According to the Texts from the Ebabbar Archive Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2006 Garments of the Gods: Studies on the Textile Industry and the Pantheon of Sippar according to the Texts from the Ebabbar Archive Zawadzki, Stefan Abstract: This book is based on a large collection of published and unpublished tablets concerning the textile economy in the cultic sphere of the Ebabbar temple at Sippar during the Neo-Babylonian period. First, the question of the organization of the textile industry is dealt with. Further parts of the book discuss the shape, weight, colour and functions of particular items of garments belonging to gods and goddesses. The conclusions reached are compared with the regulations from the time of Nabu-apal- iddina. Finally, the ”garment texts” and animal offering lists provide the basis for a discussion ofthe pantheon of Neo-Babylonian Sippar and the king’s involvement in cultic matters, especially at the time of Nebuchadnezzar II. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-150393 Monograph Published Version Originally published at: Zawadzki, Stefan (2006). Garments of the Gods: Studies on the Textile Industry and the Pantheon of Sippar according to the Texts from the Ebabbar Archive. Fribourg, Switzerland / Göttingen, Germany: Academic Press / Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. Zawadzki Garments of the Gods ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS Published by the BIBLE+ORIENT Foundation in cooperation with the Department of Biblical Studies of the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, the Egyptological Seminar of the University of Basel, the Institute of Ancient Near Eastern Archaeology and Languages of the University of Berne, and the Swiss Society for Ancient Near Eastern Studies by Susanne Bickel, Othmar l<eel and Christoph Uehlinger The author: Stefan Zawadzki (b. 1946t since 1991 professor of history at the Institute of History of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poland. His interests concentrate on the policital and economic history of the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Empires. He is the author of the following books: The Fall of Assyria and Median-Babylonian Relations in the Light of the Nabopolas­ sar Chronicle (Poznan Delft, 1988) and (in Polish): Podstawy Cospodar­ cze Nowoasyryjskich Swi?tyn [The Economic Foundations of the Neo­ Assyrian Temples] (Poznat\ 1981 ); Ze Studi6w nad Chronologi9: Babilonii (koniec V/1-pocz?tek V wieku przed Chr.) (Poznan, 1996) [Studies in Babylonian Chronology from the End of the Seventh Century to the Begin­ ning of the Fifth Century B.C.]; Mane, Tekel, Fares. Zr6dfa do Oziej6w Babilonii Chaldejskiej [Mane, Tekel, Fares. Sources for the History of Chaldean Babylonia] (Poznan, 1996); co-editor with J. Zabfocka:5ULMU IV Everyday Life in the Ancient Near East. Papers presented at the Interna­ tional Conference Poznah, 19-22 September 7989 (Poznat\ 1993); as well as over ninety artides, notes, and reviews. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 218 Stefan Zawadzki Studies on the Textile lndustry and the Pantheon of Sippar according to the Texts from the Ebabbar Archive Academic Press Fribourg Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Professor Michal Drews and the team of doctors and nurses with gratitude PDF files prepared by Marcia Bodenmann, University of Zurich © 2006 by Academic Press Fribourg, Fribourg Switzerland Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen Fabrication: lmprimerie Saint-Paul Fribourg Switzerland ISBN-13: 3-7278-1555-8 ISBN-10: 978-3-7278-1555-3 (Academic Press Fribourg) ISBN-13: 3-525-53017-7 ISBN-10: 978-3-525-53017-X (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht) TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface...................................................................................................................VII Bibliography...........................................................................................................IX Abbreviations ................................................................................................... XVIII List of Tables......................................................................................................XXII Explanatory Notes ............................................................................................ XXIII I. INTRODUCTION: THE PRESENT STATE OF STUDIES CONCERNING THE GARMENTS OF THE GODS ........................................ 1 II. TYPOLOGY OF TEXTS ................................................................................... 3 1. The classical dullu pe‚û texts........................................................................ 3 2. The dullu pe‚û u tabarru texts ...................................................................... 5 3. The dullu tabarru u takiltu texts (or vice versa)............................................ 6 4. Early dullu pe‚û texts .................................................................................... 6 5. Classical mi©‚u tenû texts.............................................................................. 7 6. Early mi©‚u tenû texts ................................................................................... 8 7. The mixed dullu pe‚û and mi©‚u tenû texts................................................... 9 8. The dullu pe‚û and mi©‚u tenû – Who wrote these texts?........................... 10 9. The texts with the word ¡a©(©)û in the heading formula ............................. 11 10. Texts concerning the fabrics ana tabê......................................................... 12 11. The kitû ¡a Šamaš u ilāni Sippar texts ........................................................ 16 12. Texts of Nabû-bēl-šumāti............................................................................ 17 13. The i¡karu documents ................................................................................. 20 14. Texts from Uruk concerning the garments of the gods................................ 21 III. MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE GARMENTS OF THE GODS................................................................................................. 23 1. The raw materials........................................................................................ 23 2. The organization of wool production and its procurement.......................... 33 3. Dyes and colours ......................................................................................... 40 IV.THE TEXTILE CRAFTSMEN ........................................................................ 50 1. Terminology: ginû/sattukku, pappasu, ma¡¡artu, kurummatu .................... 50 2. Classifications and skills ............................................................................. 57 3. The prebendary weaver ............................................................................... 67 4. The weaver’s prebend in the background of other prebends at Sippar........ 79 5. The material and social position of the weaver’s prebendaries ................... 84 V. GARMENTS AND FABRICS ......................................................................... 87 1. Garments included in dullu pe‚û lists.......................................................... 87 1.1. The lubāru (TÚG.¿I.A) ..................................................................... 87 1.2. The ‚ibtu (TÚG.MÁŠ)........................................................................ 91 VI GARMENTS OF THE GODS 1.3. From lubār ziqqu to lubār mē qaqqadi (TÚG.¿I.A me-e SAG.(DU)) ......................................................................................... 95 1.4. The ©u‚annu (TÚG.NÍG.ÍB.LÁ) ........................................................ 99 1.5. The sūnu ........................................................................................... 102 2. Garments included in the mi©‚u tenû lists ................................................. 105 2.1. The sal©u .......................................................................................... 105 2.2. The ©ullānu....................................................................................... 109 2.3. The gu©a‚‚u (gu©al‚u) and gu©al‚ētu .............................................. 111 2.4. The na©laptu..................................................................................... 114 2.5. The kusītu ......................................................................................... 117 2.6. The nēbe©u (TÚG.ÍB.LÁ) ................................................................ 118 2.7. The patinnu (TÚG.MURUB4.ÍB.LÁ)............................................... 121 2.8. The lubār pāni .................................................................................. 122 2.9. The lubār qabli (TÚG.¿I.A MURUB4) ........................................... 123 2.10.The lubār (¡a) ¡ammamu .................................................................. 124 2.11.The par¡īgu (TÚG.BAR.SI) ............................................................. 124 2.12.The lubār kulūlu ............................................................................... 126 2.13.The lubār mē†u.................................................................................. 128 2.14.The lubār erru .................................................................................. 129 2.15.The lubār ©ubbitu/©ubbutu............................................................... 131 2.16.The muttatu....................................................................................... 132 3. Others.......................................................................................................
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