Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology Edited by Gregg F

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76824-5 - Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology Edited by Gregg F. Gunnell and Nancy B. Simmons Index More information

Index

Adaptive radiation, 376, 387, 402, 408 Camber, 303, 320–321, 329, 339, 353, 364 Ageina tobieni, 28–29, 443, 446, 462 Carcinipteryx trassounius, 46 Algeria Carnivory, 238, 385, 388, 399, 530, 538, El Kohol Localities, 57, 64, 263, 265 550–551 Ameloblasts, 414, 421, 425–426, 432 Carpal morphology, 362 Angle of attack, 320–321, 329, 339–340, 345, 372 Cecilionycteris prisca, 41, 464 Apoptosis, 366, 369 Cephalometry, 472 Aquitanian, 399 Chadronian, 107–108, 120, 156–157, 205, 208 Archaeonycteridae, 25, 30, 33, 35, 37, 46, 63 Chadronycteris rabenae, 108, 120 Archaeonycteris pollex, 34, 36 China Archaeonycteris trigonodon, 34–36, 81, 86–87, Yuanqu Basin, 60, 66, 469 100, 364, 460, 462, 535, 537, 540 Chondrocytes, 366, 370 Archaeonycteris? storchi, 35–36, 59, 461–462 Clarendonian, 107, 109–110, 113, 163 Argentina Cochlea, 12–13, 15–16, 27, 49, 69, 75–76, 86–87, Gran Barranca, 125, 128, 150, 154, 204 89–90, 93–94, 100–101, 239, 357, 359 Chubut Province, 57, 128 Colhuehuapian, 128 Arikareean, 107, 109, 112, 121–122, 151, 159, 163, 166, Colombia 169, 171, 176, 189, 204–208 La Venta, 107, 125, 128, 143, 146, 150, 153, Aspect ratio, 81, 100, 269, 293, 298, 332, 361, 163–164, 204, 401, 406 369, 550 Monkey Beds, 128 Australia Tingamarra, 56, 463 Dactilopatagium, 353, 363–364, 367, 377 Australonycteris clarkae, 54, 56 Deafness genes, 17 Dentine, 410, 420–421, 423, 426, 431, 433–434, Baculum, 272, 289 437 Band-width, 471 Dentition, 26, 36, 206–207, 223–224, 235, 237, Basal metabolic rate, 268, 530, 552 240, 253, 257, 356–359, 385, 399, 408, Blancan, 107, 110–111, 114, 116, 121–122, 148, 164 410–412, 418–419, 421–422, 433–434, Body size and mass, 177, 188, 205, 242, 253, 437–441, 445, 448–451, 453–454, 476, 478, 264, 271, 275, 289, 292, 316, 332–333, 480, 482, 486, 491, 502 339, 342, 350, 362, 382, 410, 436–437, Deseadan, 125, 128 530–536, 539, 541–542, 544, 546–549, Desmodus archaeodaptes, 114, 119, 122–123, 551–552 130, 164 Bridger Formation, 120 Desmodus draculae, 127, 129, 160 Bridgerian, 33, 66, 107–108, 118, 151–152 Diet, 237–238, 242, 287, 293, 295, 298–299, 354, 357–358, 360, 376, 395, 398–399, 403, 410, Calcar, 12, 27, 52, 363, 378 417, 439, 457, 478, 480, 527, 538 Cambaya complexus, 45–46, 60, 462 Dizzya exsultans, 48–49

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76824-5 - Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology Edited by Gregg F. Gunnell and Nancy B. Simmons Index More information

Index 557

Drag, 317–319, 325, 331–332, 337, 339–340, 345, Florida 354, 369 Brooksville 2 Local Fauna, 112, 121, 152, 163, Duchesnean, 107–108, 120, 152, 157, 159 165–167, 169, 176, 179, 182, 189, 193–195, Duty-cycle, 49, 471, 481, 503, 509, 513–514, 517 206 I-75 Local Fauna, 112, 121, 152, 163, 165–167, Ear, inner, 67–68, 75, 78, 80, 101, 103–104, 169, 171, 174, 176, 182, 184, 188–189, 239, 476, 495, 498 192–193, 195 Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, 10, 192 Inglis 1A Local Fauna, 111, 114, 122 Echolocation, xi, 1–2, 5, 9–13, 15–22, 27, Thomas Farm, 107, 113, 122, 143, 147, 156, 169 49, 56, 58, 63, 65–66, 69, 87, 100–102, 104, Flow effects, 326 158, 208, 238–240, 247–250, 264, 266, 312, FOXP2, 16 344, 346, 350, 354, 356, 358–360, 379–383, France 404, 450, 454, 464, 466, 469–472, 475–476, Baraval Locality, 253, 259 478, 480–481, 485, 487, 489, 491, 493, 495, Quercy Phosphorites, 24–25, 40–42, 46, 497–498, 503, 514, 527–530, 533, 549–555 51–53, 55, 59, 63–64, 94, 120, 193, 210–212, Ectodermal epithelium, 413 214, 225, 228–230, 232, 236, 240, 242–244, EECO. See Early Eocene Climatic Optimum 246–250, 259, 265, 459, 461, 463, 467, 469 Egypt Frugivory, 356, 358, 385, 388–389, 397, 401–402, Jebel Qatrani Formation, 262 503, 539, 551 Quarry L-41, 262 Furipteridae, 8, 9, 130, 133, 136, 140, 155, 162, Emballonuridae, 9, 50–51, 67, 112, 119, 122–123, 164, 170–172, 190, 203, 503–505, 508, 125–129, 133–135, 139–140, 143–144, 154, 163, 515–516, 524, 548 166, 169–170, 201, 243, 262, 276, 283, 444–445, 504–505, 514, 519, 527 GABI. See Great American Biotic Embryonic stage, 364 Interchange Enamel, 180, 182, 185, 410, 412, 414, 420–427, Gene ﬂow, 267, 269, 271–274, 299–300, 302, 431–434, 437–438, 442, 449, 451–453, 455 305–310, 314–316 Eppsinycterididae, 25, 28 Genetic structure, 267–274, 281, 287–288, Eppsinycteris anglica, 28, 29 292, 294–295, 299–307, 312–314, 316 Euarchontoglires, 23 Genetics, xi, 137, 307, 311–312, 314, 316, 407, 483, 488–489, 492 Feeding strategies, 128, 163, 240, 253, 255, Germany 312, 328, 339, 341, 350, 352, 379, 385, Geiseltal, 24, 40–41, 464 387–390, 392, 394–406, 408–409, 417–418, Walbeck, 463 436, 444, 464, 472, 480, 491, 503, 509, Gliding, 323–324, 353, 355–357, 368–372, 513, 517 375–378, 380–384 Femur, 127, 172, 176, 186–187, 190, 363, 368, Gondwana, 136, 140, 146, 194–195, 207, 253, 533–534, 554 263 Flight, 1, 11–13, 15, 19, 22, 27, 52, 65, 67–69, Great American Biotic Interchange, 105, 107, 72–73, 80, 87, 94–95, 100–104, 158, 133, 141, 155, 158, 160–161 208, 239, 242, 250, 266, 268–269, 271, 299, Green River Formation, Wyoming, 11, 24–26, 303, 312, 315, 317–321, 323–334, 336–356, 31, 33, 93, 100, 116–117, 120, 145, 462, 358–361, 363–364, 367, 369–384, 399–400, 532, 536 436–437, 454, 465–466, 469–470, 486, 491, 497–498, 503, 515, 528–530, 546, 548–551, Harmonics, 480–481 553–554 Hassianycteridae, 25, 30, 42, 44, 46

558 Index

Hassianycteris kumari, 43–44, 60, 461–462 Lift, 94, 317–326, 329, 332, 337–341, Hassianycteris magna, 80–81, 532 343–345, 349–352, 369, 371–372, 375, Hassianycteris messelensis, 43–44, 81, 86, 535, 380, 382 538, 540–541 Hemingfordian, 106–107, 109, 113, 122, 150, 157, Mandible, 43, 59, 123, 173, 178–179, 213, 223, 164, 206 236, 241, 359, 455 Herbivory, 396 Matthesia germanica, 41, 464 Heterochrony, 370, 381 Maxilla, 32, 35, 127, 213, 218–219, 359 Heterotopic, 419–421, 431, 433–434, 437 Messel, Germany, 24–25, 34–35, 39, 43–44, Hindlimb suspension, 354, 358, 363, 375, 377 51, 60, 64–69, 74, 80–81, 87, 92–94, Hipposideridae, 53, 243, 248, 264, 276, 283, 100–102, 104, 360, 363, 379, 450, 460, 463, 305, 314, 485, 501, 503–504, 507, 509, 512, 468–469, 532, 537, 547 514, 516, 523, 527 Meta-analysis, 268, 286, 299, 304, 307 Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) morloti, 53 Micro CT, 80 Homology, 68, 104, 170, 257, 264, 351, 415–416, Microchiropteryx folieae, 39–40, 60, 462 434, 449, 455, 483, 496, 517 Miomyotis floridanus, 107, 113, 119, 122 Honrovits tsuwape, 29–30, 108, 117, 120, 462 Mixopterygidae, 46–47, 243 Hovering flight, 318, 325, 336, 339–340, Molossidae, 9, 57, 108, 111–114, 116, 119–120, 348–352, 355–356 122, 125–128, 131, 133, 138–140, 143–144, Hox-genes, 484, 498, 516 148–150, 153, 159, 195, 204, 207, 243, 259, Huayquerian, 125, 128, 164 276, 283, 310, 311, 384, 450, 467, 495, 499, Humerus, 27, 42–43, 49, 52, 68–69, 71–72, 501, 504–505, 512, 514–516, 525, 544 82–83, 85, 94–95, 97, 101, 104, 121–123, 153, Mormoopidae, 9, 106, 112, 115, 119, 122–123, 163, 165, 197–198, 212, 214, 225, 227, 130, 133, 136–137, 140, 151, 162–163, 166, 235–236, 239, 246, 330, 333, 342, 361, 169–170, 189–190, 201, 208, 250, 394, 533–534, 540, 546, 551 497, 503–504, 508–509, 513, 515, 517, 524, Hydroxyapatite, 410, 414, 425 544 Mutation, 16, 267–268, 316, 387, 404, 493, 516 Icaronycteridae, 25, 31–32, 34, 46, 108, 117, 119 Myotodonty, 185, 252, 259, 263, 438, 440, 447, Icaronycteris index, 11, 31–32, 58, 86–87, 100, 108, 456–459, 464 117, 119, 362–363, 462, 532, 535–536, 540–541 Myzopodidae, 3, 136, 162, 164, 170–172, 190, Icaronycteris sigei, 59, 462 195, 203, 276, 283, 314, 440, 502, 504–505 Independent contrasts, 281, 295, 305 Insectivory, 356–358, 360, 376, 385, 388–389, Nasal-emitting, 239, 474–478, 480–482, 486 394–396, 398, 402, 417–418, 436, 438, Natalidae, 106, 112–113, 115, 117, 119, 122–123, 442, 450, 538, 551 131, 133, 137, 140, 143, 151, 155, 159, 162, 207, 440, 504–505, 508, 512, 515–516, Jaegeria cambayensis, 54–55, 59–60, 462 526, 544 Necromantis adichaster, 53, 210–213, 215–216, Khonsunycteris aegypticus, 262 225, 227, 230–233, 236, 238, 240–243, 245 Necromantis gezei, 228–229, 231, 246, 458 Lagersta¨tten, 11 Necromantis marandati, 229, 231–232, 246 Laguna Frıá, 54, 57, 125, 128 Necromantodonty, 158, 250, 447, 456, Larynx, 471–472, 477, 479–480 459–461 Laurasiatheria, 23, 548 Nectivory, 385, 388–389, 401, 406 Laventan, 125, 128, 163 Neocortex, 271, 289, 292

Index 559

Neotropics, 115, 130, 133, 137, 139, 150, 153, 164, Portugal 167, 204, 399, 402–403 Silveirinha Locality, 25, 36, 59, 462 Neural crest mesenchyme, 413 Prestin, 16, 21, 58, 63, 407, 494 Noctilionidae, 8–9, 125–128, 130, Priabonian, 262–263 133, 136, 140, 143, 149, 162, 164, 170, 187, Primonatalus prattae, 113, 119, 122–123 189–190, 202, 204, 394, 407, 504–505, Protonycteris gunnelli, 36–37, 59, 462 521, 546, 548 Pteropodidae, 2, 9, 15–17, 19, 86, 205, 277–278, Nose-leaf, 483 283, 285–286, 288–289, 292, 300, 306, Nyctalodonty, 31, 60, 172, 252, 438, 440, 447, 308–309, 312–313, 315, 340, 347, 355, 379, 456–461 394–395, 401, 415, 491, 502, 504–505, 518, 531–532, 544 Odontoblasts, 414 Odontogenesis, 413–414, 493 Quinetia misonnei, 259 Oligomyotis casementi, 109, 120–121 Omnivory, 178, 356, 358, 385, 388 Radius, 27, 43, 48, 80, 89, 198, 330, 333, Onychonycteridae, 26 343–344, 361, 363, 367, 533, 541, 546, 548 Onychonycteris ﬁnneyi, 12, 19, 25–27, 31, 86–87, Regulatory genes, 374, 376, 387, 483–484, 487, 100, 108, 117, 119, 257, 354, 362, 439, 532, 493 535–536, 540–541, 546 Reynolds number, 317–318, 326, 346 Oral-emitting, 474–477, 481–482, 486 Rhinolophoidea, 3, 8–9, 65, 67, 241, 266, 392, Orbicular apophysis, 12–13, 27, 359 394, 444, 468, 471, 476, 501–503, 514 Orellan, 107, 109, 121, 157, 166, 205, 208, 255 Roosting, 138, 194, 273, 301, 305, 345, 354, 358, 360, 373, 377, 379–380, 399, 463, 466, 527 Palaeochiropterygidae, 25, 30, 37–38, 41–42, Rostrum, 214, 218, 239, 241, 354, 359, 470, 472, 46, 108, 243, 259, 262, 445 476, 478, 480, 482 Palaeochiropteryx spiegeli, 80–81, 445 Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon, 38–39, 81, 86–87, Sanguivory, 385, 388–389, 398–399, 539 421, 464, 532, 535, 537, 540 Santa Rosa locality, 57, 128 Palaeophyllophora oltina, 53 Scapula, 38, 67, 69, 82–85, 94, 99, 361, 382 Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, Shoulder joint, 67, 71–72, 80 23, 65, 192 Skull, 13, 25–26, 39, 43, 48, 52–53, 87–89, 93, PETM. See Paleocene-Eocene Thermal 201, 211, 214–216, 219–222, 224, 235–237, Maximum 239–241, 244–245, 248, 359, 470–474, Phalanges, 330, 333, 361, 364, 366, 370, 374 477–480, 482, 489–494, 497–499 Pharynx, 471, 476, 478–479 Speciation, 22, 106, 194, 267, 299 Philisidae, 48–49, 260, 262 Speonycteridae, 112, 119, 123, 136, 140, 171, 190, Philisis sphingis, 163, 260 194, 195 Phyletic nanism, 361, 376, 541, 544, 547, 549, 551 Speonycteris aurantiadens, 112, 119, 121–123, Phyllostomidae, 9, 106, 109, 114–115, 119, 170–171, 173–174, 176, 179, 183 122–123, 125–126, 128–130, 133, 136, 140, Speonycteris naturalis, 119, 171, 174, 184, 188–189, 143, 154, 159, 160, 162–164, 170, 187, 189–190, 204 202, 211, 241, 276–277, 283, 288, 311, 315, Stehlinia gracilis, 41 351–352, 385–386, 394–397, 400, 405–407, Strouhal number, 318, 326, 346, 351 415, 485, 504–505, 515, 519, 544, 546 Stylohyal, 12–13, 15, 27 Phyllostomus hastatus, 176, 203, 277, 283, Suaptenos whitei, 107, 113, 120, 122 311, 521 Suwannee Limestone, 167, 193

560 Index

Tachypteron franzeni, 50–52, 66–71, 75, 77, Vespertiliavus bourguignati, 52 79–80, 85, 87–89, 91–95, 99–101, 103–104, Vespertilionidae, 9, 20, 109–114, 116, 119, 469 121–122, 125–126, 128, 132–134, 139–140, Tanzanycteridae, 48, 50 143–144, 153, 166, 195, 205, 243, 252, 259, Tanzanycteris mannardi, 48, 50, 86, 535, 540 262–266, 271, 279–280, 285–286, 288, Taphozous melanopogon, 68–69, 73, 78, 80, 83, 305–306, 309, 313, 383, 394, 407, 440, 90–92, 95, 100–101, 519 444–445, 450–451, 454, 503–505, 514–515, Testes, 271 521, 527, 544 Thrust, 318–319, 321, 324–326, 337, 339–341, Vicariance, 161, 209, 267, 299, 302 343, 346, 350, 382 Thyropteridae, 8–9, 125–128, 133, 136, 140, 143, Wallia scalopidens, 56, 108, 119–120, 145 162, 164, 170–172, 190, 203, 440, 503–505, Wasatchian, 25, 30–31, 58, 66, 107–108, 116–117, 512, 515, 525, 527 157 Tibia, 367, 533–534, 554 Whitneyan, 107, 112, 121, 152, 157, 163, 166, 171, Tip shape index, 269, 271 176, 188–189, 205–206, 208 Tip vortices, 322–324 Whole genome sequencing, 387 Tribosphenic, 59, 410, 415–419, 421–422, Wing folding, 362, 364, 369, 374–377 431–438, 442, 447, 449, 452–455 Wing loading, 81, 100, 269, 271, 287, 289, Tunisia 291–294, 298–300, 303, 332, 342–344, 360, Chambi, 24, 48, 49, 65, 263, 266, 463, 468 369, 550 Wingspan, 269, 271, 275, 283, 287, 289, Uintan, 56, 66, 107–108, 120, 159 291–292, 324 Uropatagium, 363–364, 367–368 X-rays, 69, 74, 77, 79–80, 90–91, 93, 102–103 Vampyravus orientalis, 163, 205, 259, 264 Vastan Mine, 36, 39, 45, 55, 59, 60–62, Yangochiroptera, 2, 9, 206, 264, 502–503, 514, 460–462, 464 530, 544, 546 Vertebral column, 34, 353, 500–501, 516–517, 527 Yinochiroptera, 2, 530, 544 Vertebral fusion, 500–502, 504, 508, 511, 528 Yinpterochiroptera, 2, 9, 502, 515