Evolution and Paleoenvironment of Early Modern Vertebrates During the Paleogene Program and Abstracts
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The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum Super Greenhouse: Biotic and Geochemical Signatures, Age Models and Mechanisms of Climate Change
Chapter 5 The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum super greenhouse: biotic and geochemical signatures, age models and mechanisms of climate change The geologically brief episode of global warming which occurred close to the Paleocene – Eocene boundary, termed the Paleocene – Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), has been extensively studied since its discovery in 1991. The PETM is characterized by a geographically quasi- uniform 5-8°C warming of Earth’s surface as well as the deep ocean, and large changes in ocean chemistry. There is general consensus that the PETM was associated with the geologically rapid input of large amounts of CO2 and/or CH4 into the exogenic (ocean-atmosphere) carbon pool, but the source of this carbon is still under discussion. The biotic response on land and in the oceans included radiations, extinctions and migrations, and was heterogeneous in nature and severity. Debate continues on the total duration of the PETM, as well as on the relative amount of time involved in its onset, its relatively stable middle part, and its recovery phase. Recently, several events that appear similar to the PETM in nature, but of smaller magnitude, were identified in the late Paleocene through early Eocene, of which the timing was possibly modulated by orbital forcing. If these events and their astronomical pacing are confirmed, the trigger was probably insolation forced, excluding unique events as the cause of the PETM. 61 PETM review Close to the boundary between the Paleocene and Eocene epochs, approximately 55.5 Ma ago (Berggren et al., 1992; Chapter 2), a distinct phase of global warming occurred, which has been called the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), and which was superimposed on already warm conditions. -
Asian Paleocene-Early Eocene Chronology and Biotic Events
©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Berichte Geol. B.-A., 85 (ISSN 1017-8880) – CBEP 2011, Salzburg, June 5th – 8th Asian Paleocene-Early Eocene Chronology and biotic events Suyin Ting1, Yongsheng Tong2, William C. Clyde3, Paul L.Koch4, Jin Meng5, Yuanqing Wang2, Gabriel J. Bowen6, Qian Li2, Snell E. Kathryn4 1 LSU Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA 2 Institute of Vert. Paleont. & Paleoanth., CAS., Beijing 100044, China 3 University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA 4 University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA 5 American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA 6 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Biostratigraphic, chemostratigraphic, and magnetostratigraphic studies of the Paleocene and early Eocene strata in the Nanxiong Basin of Guangdong, Chijiang Basin of Jiangxi, Qianshan Basin of Anhui, Hengyang Basin of Hunan, and Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia, China, in last ten years provide the first well-resolved geochronological constrains on stratigraphic framework for the early Paleogene of Asia. Asian Paleocene and early Eocene strata are subdivided into four biochronological units based on the fossil mammals (Land Mammal Ages). From oldest to youngest, they are the Shanghuan, the Nongshanian, the Gashatan, and the Bumbanian Asian Land Mammal Ages (ALMA). Recent paleomagnetic data from the Nanxiong Basin indicate that the base of the Shanghuan lies about 2/3 the way up Chron C29r. Nanxiong data and recent paleomagnetic and isotopic results from the Chijiang Basin show that the Shanghuan-Nongshanian ALMA boundary lies between the upper part of Chron C27n and the lower part of Chron C26r, close to the Chron C27n-C26r reversal. -
The World at the Time of Messel: Conference Volume
T. Lehmann & S.F.K. Schaal (eds) The World at the Time of Messel - Conference Volume Time at the The World The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 2011 Frankfurt am Main, 15th - 19th November 2011 ISBN 978-3-929907-86-5 Conference Volume SENCKENBERG Gesellschaft für Naturforschung THOMAS LEHMANN & STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL (eds) The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference Frankfurt am Main, 15th – 19th November 2011 Conference Volume Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung IMPRINT The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Conference Volume Publisher PROF. DR. DR. H.C. VOLKER MOSBRUGGER Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Editors DR. THOMAS LEHMANN & DR. STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected]; [email protected] Language editors JOSEPH E.B. HOGAN & DR. KRISTER T. SMITH Layout JULIANE EBERHARDT & ANIKA VOGEL Cover Illustration EVELINE JUNQUEIRA Print Rhein-Main-Geschäftsdrucke, Hofheim-Wallau, Germany Citation LEHMANN, T. & SCHAAL, S.F.K. (eds) (2011). The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates. 22nd International Senckenberg Conference. 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main. Conference Volume. Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main. pp. 203. -
A New Mammalian Fauna from the Earliest Eocene (Ilerdian) of the Corbie`Res (Southern France): Palaeobiogeographical Implications
Swiss J Geosci (2012) 105:417–434 DOI 10.1007/s00015-012-0113-5 A new mammalian fauna from the earliest Eocene (Ilerdian) of the Corbie`res (Southern France): palaeobiogeographical implications Bernard Marandat • Sylvain Adnet • Laurent Marivaux • Alain Martinez • Monique Vianey-Liaud • Rodolphe Tabuce Received: 27 April 2012 / Accepted: 19 September 2012 / Published online: 4 November 2012 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2012 Abstract A new mammal fauna from the earliest Eocene Keywords Ypresian Á Europe Á Mammals Á of Le Clot (Corbie`res, Southern France) is described. Some Multituberculates Á Palaeoclimate Á Palaeobiogeography taxa identified there, such as Corbarimys hottingeri and Paschatherium plaziati, allow a correlation with the pre- viously described Corbie`res fauna of Fordones. Moreover, 1 Introduction the presence at Le Clot of Lessnessina praecipuus, which is defined in Palette (Provence, Southern France) allows The beginning of the Eocene is characterized by two major correlating both localities. All three of these localities are phenomena: the warming event known as the Paleocene referred to the MP7 reference level, even if a direct cor- Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) (Stott et al. 1996), relation with the type locality of MP7 (Dormaal, Belgium) which likely triggered the second one: the mammalian is not ascertained. A Southern Europe biochronological dispersal event (MDE) (Beard and Dawson 1999; Hooker sequence is proposed for the beginning of the Eocene: 2000). This MDE is a critical event in the history of Silveirinha, Fordones/Palette/Le Clot, Rians/Fournes. The mammals as it corresponds to both the origin and dispersal diagnosis of a new species of a neoplagiaulacid multitu- of several modern mammalian orders (Perissodactyla, berculate (?Ectypodus riansensis nov. -
A Statistical Analysis of Marine Mammal Dispersal Routes Across Major Ocean Regions Using Beta Diversity at the Generic Level
A Statistical Analysis of Marine Mammal Dispersal Routes Across Major Ocean Regions Using Beta Diversity at the Generic Level A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at George Mason University By Carlos Mauricio Peredo Bachelor of Science Seton Hill University, 2012 Director: Mark D. Uhen, Assistant Professor Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences Spring Semester 2015 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Copyright 2015 Carlos Mauricio Peredo All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION Dedicated to my wonderful parents, Mauricio and Julie Peredo, who left behind everything they knew and started fresh in a foreign land purely in the pursuit of a better life for their children; to my older brother Miguel, whose witty humor, eternal optimism, and fierce loyalty has kept my head above water and a smile on my face throughout countless tribulations; to my younger brother Julio, who has far surpassed us all in talent and intellect, and who inspires me to never stop learning; and most of all, to my loving wife Molly, who has never stopped believing in me and drives me to settle for nothing less than perfection. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee members, Drs. George, Lyons, and Parsons, for their tireless revisions and hard work on my behalf. I would like to thank George Mason University and the Smithsonian Institution for providing the support and inspiration for much of this project. I would like to thank the Paleobiology Database, and all of its contributors, for their ambitious vision and their relentless pursuit of its execution. -
The Ossicular Chain of Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)
Dataset 3D models related to the publication: The ossicular chain of Cainotheriidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) Assemat Alexandre1, Mourlam Mickael¨ 1, Orliac Maeva¨ J1* 1Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution´ de Montpellier (UMR 5554, CNRS, UM, IRD, EPHE), c.c. 064, Universite´ de Montpellier, place Eugene` Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This contribution includes the 3D models of the reconstructed ossicular chain of the cainotheriid Caenomeryx filholi from the late Oligocene locality of Pech Desse (MP28, Quercy, France) described and figured in the publication of Assemat et al. (2020). It represents the oldest ossicular chain reconstruction for a Paleogene terrestrial artiodactyl species. Keywords: Caenomeryx, incus, Late Oligocene, malleus, Stapes Submitted:2020-03-09, published online:2020-04-08. https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.110 INTRODUCTION Model IDs Taxon Description UMPDS3353 Caenomeryx filholi middle ear with The 3D models presented here represent the first reconstruction petrosal, bulla, of a Paleogene terrestrial artiodactyl ossicular chain (see table stapes, incus, 1 and fig.1). It is based on ossicles preserved in the middle malleus ear cavity of the basicranium UM PDS 3353 from Pech Desse Table 1. Model. Collection: University of Montpellier. (MP 28, Quercy) referred to the cainotheriid Caenomeryx fil- holi. Cainotheriidae are an extinct family of small European en- Desse exceptionally preserves a complete set of ossicles: the demic artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) documented between malleus and the stapes are preserved within the left bullar space, the Late Eocene and the Middle Miocene in Western Europe while the malleus and the incus are preserved on the right side. -
Chapter 1 - Introduction
EURASIAN MIDDLE AND LATE MIOCENE HOMINOID PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY AND THE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGINS OF THE HOMININAE by Mariam C. Nargolwalla A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Anthropology University of Toronto © Copyright by M. Nargolwalla (2009) Eurasian Middle and Late Miocene Hominoid Paleobiogeography and the Geographic Origins of the Homininae Mariam C. Nargolwalla Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology University of Toronto 2009 Abstract The origin and diversification of great apes and humans is among the most researched and debated series of events in the evolutionary history of the Primates. A fundamental part of understanding these events involves reconstructing paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic patterns in the Eurasian Miocene; a time period and geographic expanse rich in evidence of lineage origins and dispersals of numerous mammalian lineages, including apes. Traditionally, the geographic origin of the African ape and human lineage is considered to have occurred in Africa, however, an alternative hypothesis favouring a Eurasian origin has been proposed. This hypothesis suggests that that after an initial dispersal from Africa to Eurasia at ~17Ma and subsequent radiation from Spain to China, fossil apes disperse back to Africa at least once and found the African ape and human lineage in the late Miocene. The purpose of this study is to test the Eurasian origin hypothesis through the analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of distribution, in situ evolution, interprovincial and intercontinental dispersals of Eurasian terrestrial mammals in response to environmental factors. Using the NOW and Paleobiology databases, together with data collected through survey and excavation of middle and late Miocene vertebrate localities in Hungary and Romania, taphonomic bias and sampling completeness of Eurasian faunas are assessed. -
New Mammals from the Marine Selandian of Maret, Belgium, and Their Implications for the Age of the Paleocene Continental Deposits of Walbeek, Germany
GEOLOGICA BELGICA (2013) 16/4: 236-244 New mammals from the marine Selandian of Maret, Belgium, and their implications for the age of the Paleocene continental deposits of Walbeek, Germany Eric DE BAST, Etienne STEURBAUT & Thierry SMITH O.D. Earth and History ofLife, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Rue lautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium ABSTRACT. The early to middle Selandian fossiliferous Orp Sand Member of the Heers Fonnation in Belgium has regularly been excavated at its type-locality Maret for its rich and diversified selachian fauna. Among the abundant vertebrate remains, extremely rare mammal specimens have been found. Three isolated teeth have been published previously, all with uncertain affinities. The purpose of this study is to present new specimens from the same deposits, including a small well-preserved dentary of an adapisoriculid attributable to “Afrodon” germanicus, a fragmentary upper molar, referred to Berndestes sp., and a premolar of a large arctocyonid. Among the previous specimens we identified Arctocyonides cf. weigeld. The adapisoriculid dentary offers new clues that allow transferring “Afrodon’ germanicus to tile genus Bustylus. The five mammal taxa from Maret indicate an age intermediate between reference-levels MP1-5 of Hainin, Belgium and MP6 of Cemay, France and present the greatest correlation with the rich Walbeek fauna in Germany. The deposits from Walbeek were usually thought to be slightly older than the late Thanetian deposits of Cemay. We infer here that the age of Walbeek is likely to be Selandian. The strong differences observed between Hainin on the one hand, and Walbeek and Cemay on tile other hand, document a dispersal event from North America to Europe around the Danian-Selandian boundary. -
SMC 136 Gazin 1958 1 1-112.Pdf
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 136, NUMBER 1 Cftarlesi 3B, anb JKarp "^aux OTalcott 3^es(earcf) Jf unb A REVIEW OF THE MIDDLE AND UPPER EOCENE PRIMATES OF NORTH AMERICA (With 14 Plates) By C. LEWIS GAZIN Curator, Division of Vertebrate Paleontology United States National Museum Smithsonian Institution (Publication 4340) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JULY 7, 1958 THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS, INC. BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. CONTENTS Page Introduction i Acknowledgments 2 History of investigation 4 Geographic and geologic occurrence 14 Environment I7 Revision of certain lower Eocene primates and description of three new upper Wasatchian genera 24 Classification of middle and upper Eocene forms 30 Systematic revision of middle and upper Eocene primates 31 Notharctidae 31 Comparison of the skulls of Notharctus and Smilodectcs z:^ Omomyidae 47 Anaptomorphidae 7Z Apatemyidae 86 Summary of relationships of North American fossil primates 91 Discussion of platyrrhine relationships 98 References 100 Explanation of plates 108 ILLUSTRATIONS Plates (All plates follow page 112) 1. Notharctus and Smilodectes from the Bridger middle Eocene. 2. Notharctus and Smilodectes from the Bridger middle Eocene. 3. Notharctus and Smilodectcs from the Bridger middle Eocene. 4. Notharctus and Hemiacodon from the Bridger middle Eocene. 5. Notharctus and Smilodectcs from the Bridger middle Eocene. 6. Omomys from the middle and lower Eocene. 7. Omomys from the middle and lower Eocene. 8. Hemiacodon from the Bridger middle Eocene. 9. Washakius from the Bridger middle Eocene. 10. Anaptomorphus and Uintanius from the Bridger middle Eocene. 11. Trogolemur, Uintasorex, and Apatcmys from the Bridger middle Eocene. 12. Apatemys from the Bridger middle Eocene. -
Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J. -
71St Annual Meeting Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Paris Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada, USA November 2 – 5, 2011 SESSION CONCURRENT SESSION CONCURRENT
ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas. -
Appendix A. Supplementary Material
Appendix A. Supplementary material Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes) David Cernˇ y´ 1,* & Rossy Natale2 1Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA 2Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA *Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected] Contents 1 Fossil Calibrations 2 1.1 Calibrations used . .2 1.2 Rejected calibrations . 22 2 Outgroup sequences 30 2.1 Neornithine outgroups . 33 2.2 Non-neornithine outgroups . 39 3 Supplementary Methods 72 4 Supplementary Figures and Tables 74 5 Image Credits 91 References 99 1 1 Fossil Calibrations 1.1 Calibrations used Calibration 1 Node calibrated. MRCA of Uria aalge and Uria lomvia. Fossil taxon. Uria lomvia (Linnaeus, 1758). Specimen. CASG 71892 (referred specimen; Olson, 2013), California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA. Lower bound. 2.58 Ma. Phylogenetic justification. As in Smith (2015). Age justification. The status of CASG 71892 as the oldest known record of either of the two spp. of Uria was recently confirmed by the review of Watanabe et al. (2016). The younger of the two marine transgressions at the Tolstoi Point corresponds to the Bigbendian transgression (Olson, 2013), which contains the Gauss-Matuyama magnetostratigraphic boundary (Kaufman and Brigham-Grette, 1993). Attempts to date this reversal have been recently reviewed by Ohno et al. (2012); Singer (2014), and Head (2019). In particular, Deino et al. (2006) were able to tightly bracket the age of the reversal using high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of two tuffs in normally and reversely magnetized lacustrine sediments from Kenya, obtaining a value of 2.589 ± 0.003 Ma.