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Chapter 6 the Evolution of Exteriors 165 PART 3 from the Ground Up This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 164 Part 3 From the Ground Up Chapter 6 The Evolution of Exteriors 165 PART 3 From the Ground Up 6 The Evolution of Exteriors 7 Understanding House Plans 8 House Construction 9 The Systems Within This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 166 Part 3 From the Ground Up Chapter 6 The Evolution of Exteriors 167 CHAPTER 6 The Evolution of Exteriors Terms to Learn Arts and Crafts bungalow traditional International style folk ranch classic Contemporary style Early English earth-sheltered half-timbered Tidewater South Chapter Objectives New England Cape Cod After studying this chapter, you will be symmetrical able to dormer • summarize the development Saltbox of exterior architectural styles Garrison throughout history, including Spanish Traditional (both folk and classic), stucco Modern, and Contemporary house asymmetrical styles. Scandinavian • compare and contrast historical log cabin architectural and housing styles. gable roof German • summarize the value of historical pent roof preservation. Dutch Colonial gambrel roof Reading with Purpose French Normandy French Plantation As you read this chapter, write a letter to yourself. Imagine French Manor that you will receive this letter in a few years when you are Mansard roof working at your future job as an interior designer. What French Provincial key chapter points will be important to remember from this Georgian chapter? In the letter, list these points. hip roof Federal Adam style Early Classical Revival Greek Revival Southern Colonial Victorian Modern style Prairie style This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 168 Part 3 From the Ground Up Chapter 6 The Evolution of Exteriors 169 The evolution of housing exteri- style originates from the common expe- Early English ors is usually grouped into a number riences of a group of people, such as An architectural style built by of styles and time periods. The great- common values and concerns. Classic English settlers in North America begin- Test influences on these styles include style refers to the use of formal archi- ning in the early 1600s is Early English. geographical location and the historical tectural elements that have been recog- Several distinct housing types evolved and economic events during the era in nized over time for their enduring Note from this traditional folk architecture. which they were built. design excellence. Various renditions of These types include Tidewater South An assortment of housing To better understand period housing folk and classic styles appear in many photos or drawings will be and the New England styles known as very helpful for teaching this styles, it is important to note that while periods of architectural history. Cape Cod, Saltbox, and Garrison. chapter. Have an assistant each time period and style has specific The first successful English settle- locate and print examples characteristics some overlapping does Traditional Folk Houses ment in North America was established from the Internet or clip them exist. Because of this, dates for periods The styles of traditional folk houses in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. Archae- from old magazines or books. and styles are approximate. For exam- varied from region to region. In some ologists think these early English ple, in different regions of the country Enrich cold areas such as the Midwest, houses settlers used the mud-and-stud method certain design styles could exist at the Investigate the process had to withstand heavy snowfalls. In of building. Early records trace this same time. In addition, not all designs of constructing a home of warm climates such as the Southeast, technique back to Lincolnshire County in a certain style or specific era would be adobe. Make a presentation orientation to the cooling breeze was along the east coast of England. In this to the class, using visuals to identical. The individual architects and important. In windy locations such as building technique, the frame of the 6-1 clarify the process. builders brought their own personal the coastal Northeast, housing needed house was constructed from upright New England. Plymouth, Massa- The Pueblo live creativity to their designs. The architec- in these adobe to withstand heavy gusts. forked logs with cross beams. The walls chusetts was the second successful Vocabulary tural history of housing was and still is dwellings. Besides the effects of climate and were filled with mud and clay and the English settlement in 1620. By 1640, a Pick one term from the an ongoing process. geographical location, the style of tradi- roof was thatched with leaves, tree number of small English settlements vocabulary list, write it on Housing in North America began the board, and link it to one tional folk housing was based on the bark, or bundles of reeds and straw. were established along the eastern area with the Native Americans. They devel- of the chapter objectives. ethnic experiences and lifestyles of the This technique was later refined and of North America. This region of North oped a wide variety of housing styles (Note: Successive students inhabitants. These housing styles were referred to as half-timbered construc- America is known as New England and 6-2 should repeat the process prior to the arrival of foreign explorers also shaped by the natural resources tion. In half-timbered houses, the wood now includes the states of Maine, New This thatch-roof until the only terms left pose and settlers. The styles included hogans, available to construct them. Styles frame of the house actually formed part Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, house in the re- difficulty to all students.) pueblos, teepees, wigwams, pole-and- described as Native American, Early of the outside wall, 6-2. Brick or plaster Connecticut, and Rhode Island. created 1610–1614 thatch structures, and others. When Activity English, Spanish, Scandinavian, German, was used to fill the spaces between the Early seventeenth century English colonial fort immigrant settlers arrived in North at Jamestown Quickly sketch a drawing Dutch, and French are types of tradi- beams. settlers in northern New England America, they brought with them the Settlement of your favorite style of tional folk houses. Tidewater South. Settlements contin- commonly built two-story houses. They housing or find a photo styles that existed in their homelands. were constructed of heavy timber History Museum ued to grow in the low-lying coastal in Williamsburg, in a magazine. As you Over time, these styles evolved into Native American lands called Tidewater areas. An archi- frames. In timber framing—or post- go through this chapter, VA, is an example new types of housing that have become The many different styles of Native- tectural style built by early English and-beam construction—large pieces of compare it to the drawings known as traditional styles. of half-timbered and photos in the lesson. American housing have influenced today’s settlers in the southern coastal regions wood are joined together with wood- construction. Identify exterior features of housing. Early settlers sometimes of what is now the United States is working joints (mortise-and-tenon joints), or with wooden pegs, braces, or trusses. Photo Courtesy of the the design you prefer. Traditional Houses copied the eight-sided mud and log Tidewater South, 6-3. The construction Jamestown-Yorktown hogans of the Navajo or the wood frame style of these homes was simple: a one- Foundation Activity Traditional houses reflect the experi- structures of the Seminole. See Chapter room wooden building with a wood or Use Internet or print ences and traditions of past eras. These 2 to review the widely varied styles of stone chimney at one end. As families resources to investigate designs have adapted and changed over Native-American housing. grew, house additions were built. The the building process for time to meet the needs of their inhabit- The Pueblo in New Mexico still live first addition was another room, often half-timbered houses. Give ants. Many house designs in use today an oral report about your in apartment-type adobe dwellings, 6-1. built as large as the first. It was added findings to the class. were actually created in previous time The basic design of these adobe dwell- next to the wall with the chimney. Many eras of North American history. Each ings repeats in housing throughout the rural farmhouses throughout the South Discuss style has distinct characteristics and country, especially the Southwest. Char- had similar plans. Covered porches What type of land in the features that set it apart from the others. acteristics of Pueblo housing include were also added to these simple plans to southern states is associated The two categories of Traditional boxlike construction, flat roofs, and increase the amount of living area and with the housing style known style design are folk and classic. Folk as Tidewater South? projecting roof beams. to provide shelter from the hot sun. This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 170 Part 3 From the Ground Up Chapter 6 The Evolution of Exteriors 171 This application is also know as bevel siding or lap siding. The Cape Cod style grew out of vari- ations on the one-story house design. As a family grew, rooms were added to the basic plan. • Cape Cod. The Cape Cod is a small, symmetrical, one or one-and-one-half story house with a steep gable roof and side gables. A design is symmetrical when objects on both sides of a center point are identical, 6-4A. The Cape Cod style has a central entrance and 6-3 a central chimney with several fire- The Tidewater Metal nails were used sparingly because places.
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