Insights from the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Morphodynamic response of a dryland river to an extreme flood Morphodynamics of bedrock-influenced dryland rivers during extreme floods: Insights from the Kruger National Park, South Africa David Milan1,†, George Heritage2, Stephen Tooth3, and Neil Entwistle4 1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK 2AECOM, Exchange Court, 1 Dale Street, Liverpool, L2 2ET, UK 3 Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Llandinam Building, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, UK 4School of Environment and Life Sciences, Peel Building, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK ABSTRACT some subreaches, remnant islands and vege- the world’s population (United Nations, 2016). tation that survived the 2000 floods were re- Drylands are characterized by net annual mois- High-magnitude flood events are among moved during the smaller 2012 floods owing ture deficits resulting from low annual precipita- the world’s most widespread and signifi- to their wider exposure to flow. These find- tion and high potential evaporation, and typically cant natural hazards and play a key role in ings were synthesized to refine and extend a by strong climatic variability. Although precipi- shaping river channel–floodplain morphol- conceptual model of bedrock-influenced dry- tation regimes vary widely, many drylands are ogy and riparian ecology. Development of land river response that incorporates flood subject to extended dry periods and occasional conceptual and quantitative models for the sequencing, channel type, and sediment sup- intense rainfall events. Consequently, dryland response of bedrock-influenced dryland ply influences. In particular, with some cli- rivers are commonly defined by long periods rivers to such floods is of growing scientific mate change projections indicating the po- with very low or no flow, interspersed with in- and practical importance, but in many in- tential for future increases in the frequency frequent, short-lived, larger flows.
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