Tourism Is a National Priority and Contributes Signif- Icantly to Economic Development

Tourism is a national priority and contributes signif- icantly to economic development. The national tourism sector strategy provides a blueprint for the sector to meet the growth targets contained in the new growth path. The National Department of Tourism's (NDT) strategic goals over the medium term are to: • maximise domestic tourism and foreign tourist arrivals in South Africa • expand domestic and foreign investment in the South African tourism industry • expand tourist infrastructure • improve the range and quality of tourist services • improve the tourist experience and value for money • improve research and knowledge management • contribute to growth and development and expand the tourism share of gross domestic product (GDP) • improve competitiveness and sustainability in the tourism sector • strengthen collaboration with tourist organi sations. The inflow of tourists to South Africa is the result of the success of policies aimed at entrenching South Africa’s status as a major international tourism and business events destination. The Tourism Business Index’s quarterly index produced by the Tourism Business Council of South Africa indicated that revenue per available room in the hotel sector increased by 7,9% during the first 10 months of 2014. A Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) report has found that the total income for the South Africa tourist accommodation industry, which includes restaurant and bar sales, grew by 7%. In May 2015, there were 1 202 795 foreign arrivals to South Africa. The arrivals were made up of 89 257 non-visitors and 1 113 538 visitors. The visitors consisted of 428 131 same-day visitors and 685 407 overnight visitors. The breakdown of the tourists by region was as follows: 138 258 from overseas; 533 361 from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries; 12 594 from other African countries and the country of residence of 1 194 tourists was classified as unspecified. Legislation and policies The NDT operates under the following legislation and policies: The Tourism Act, 2014 (Act 3 of 2014) provides for the development and promotion of sustainable tourism for the benefit of South Tourism Africa, its residents and its visitors. It also provides for the continued existence of the South African Tourism Board, the establishment of the Tourism Grading Council, and the regulation of

381 Tourism the tourist guide profession. respect of accommodation establishments The Act aims to: - authorising the Minister to establish schemes • promote the practising of responsible tourism for prescribed sectors of the tourism industry for the benefit of South Africa and for the - registering tourist guides enjoyment of all its residents and foreign - prohibiting any person to act for gain as visitors a tourist guide unless he or she has been • provide for the effective domestic and interna- registered as a tourist guide in terms of the tional marketing of South Africa as a tourist Act. destination • promote quality tourism products and services Budget and funding • promote growth in and development of the The NTSS seeks to increase tourism’s total tourism sector direct and indirect contribution to the economy • enhance cooperation and coordination between from R189,4 billion in 2009 to R318,2 billion in all spheres of government in developing and 2015 and R499 billion in 2020. managing tourism. The department received a budget allocation In terms of the Act, responsible tourism is tourism of R1,6 billion in the 2014/15 financial year. which: A few years ago, the NDT made the strategic • seeks to avoid negative economic, environ- decision to invest in the emerging markets in mental and social impacts Africa, South America and in Asia, with good • generates greater economic benefits for local results. In light of this, the department will invest people, enhances the well-being of host R218 million over three years to grow South communities and improves working conditions Africa’s share of this market. It also opened and access to the tourism sector offices in Angola, Kenya and Nigeria, and will • involves local people in decisions that affect expand its footprint to Ghana, Tanzania and their lives Uganda through a hub strategy. • makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural heritage and to Role players the maintenance of the world's diversity South African Tourism (SAT) • provides enjoyable experiences for tourists In terms of the Tourism Act of 1993, SAT is through meaningful connections with local mandated to market South Africa internationally people and a greater understanding of local and domestically as a preferred tourism destination, cultural, social and environmental issues to ensure that tourist facilities and services are of • provides access for physically challenged the highest standard, and to monitor and evaluate people the performance of the tourism sector. • is culturally sensitive, engenders respect The organisation’s main strategic goal over the between tourists and hosts and builds local medium term is to ensure that the tourism sector pride and confidence. makes an increasing contribution to economic • The mandate of the NDT, as outlined in the growth. Other goals include increasing the Tourism Act, 1993 (Act 72 of 1993), is to annual volume of international tourists visiting promote sustainable growth and development the country, growing tourists’ contribution to the in the tourism sector. The 1996 White Paper economy through their spending, increasing on the Development and Promotion of Tourism international brand awareness of South Africa in South Africa provides for the promotion of as a travel and business destination, and domestic and international tourism increasing the number of graded accommo- • The Tourism Act of 1993 provides for: dation establishments. - promoting tourism to and in South Africa Given the strong growth potential in Africa, - regulating and rationalising the tourism SAT was allocated R300 million to expand its industry marketing presence on the continent, which will - implementing measures aimed at the include the opening of another four offices in the maintenance and enhancement of the next few years. standards of facilities and services hired out SAT’s Sho't Left marketing campaign for or made available to tourists domestic tourists is already delivering results - coordinating and rationalisating the activities and will be bolstered by another R100 million in of people who are active in the tourism secured ring-fenced investment in 2015/16. industry The “It’s Here, Vaya Mzansi” campaign is - establishing a board with legal powers an industry-wide project that relies on collabo- - authorising the Minister of Tourism to establish ration and partnership from the wider industry a grading and classification scheme in for success and to grow domestic leisure travel

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to meet targets. SAT partnered with more than niche, high-end luxury products who exhibit by 50 tourism companies in South Africa to create invitation-only. discount vouchers ranging from tour-operator To illustrate the extent of the strategic alliance services, accommodation and experiences of Two Shows One Africa, SAT was the title including wine tastings, canopy tours and hiking. sponsor of We Are Africa that took place in Cape In 2014, SAT introduced a global hub strategy Town from 5 to 8 May 2014, just before Indaba created to effectively deliver the destination 2014. Moreover, We Are Africa and Indaba collab- marketing message with a wider reach than ever orated to offer mutual exhibitors the best possible before. exposure to the best quality hosted buyer pool. Indaba has earned its place as a Southern African Tourism Enterprise Partnership (TEP) institution in the industry, and one of the world’s TEP is a non-profit company that facilitates the iconic travel trade shows. With the Two Shows One growth, development and sustainability of small Africa collaboration, Indaba has a We Are Africa tourism businesses. This is achieved through a senior representative on its advisory board, and number of products and services that provide reciprocally for a SAT representative on the We hands-on, step-by-step support and guidance, Are Africa advisory board. Both parties are eager ultimately leading to improved product quality, to navigate a more formal, long-term association; operational efficiency and market reach. to capitalise on the opportunity of escalating the Funding for TEP’s small tourism business trade shows into the future together. development interventions is provided by the The Two Shows One Africa collaboration is but NDT as well as the Business Trust, the Tourism one of the many profound changes – albeit it a Micro-enterprises Support Fund (a sister company significant one – that was introduced at Indaba that provides funding specifically for the support 2014. Each upgrade to the show was carefully of micro enterprises), global financial services considered against a deliberate roadmap to take company Credit Suisse, and the Eastern Cape Indaba to the next level. The announcement Development Corporation. that INDABA would be a three-day trade show brought it in line with global trends and best Tourism Indaba practice, respecting the busy schedules of The Tourism Indaba, held from 10 to 12 May, buyers and exhibitors. The inclusion of two provided an opportunity to showcase South exciting new meeting zones at Indaba; new Two Africa and its people. Shows One Africa combined digital platforms The Tourism Indaba that takes place in Durban to facilitate seamless meetings; the addition of annually is one of the largest tourism marketing a premium exhibitor lounge; and a compelling events in Africa and one of the top three events invitation to all African destinations to exhibit at of its kind in the world. For two years in a Indaba, Two Shows One Africa is entrenched as row, INDABA has won the award for Africa’s the continent’s premier tourism week invitation best travel and tourism show. This award was to the world. presented by the Association of World Travel Awards. Meetings Africa It showcases a wide variety of southern Africa’s Attendance figures at Meetings Africa 2014 were best tourism products and attracts international up by 15% compared to 2013, with a total of 3 295 visitors and media from across the world. delegates attending Africa’s premier business To bolster growth, government has identified events trade show. core markets, investment markets and tactical Meetings Africa offers the continent a platform markets across regional Africa, the Americas, to do business, representing the best of the whole Asia and Australasia, as well as in Europe. continent in one venue, and gives the African A meeting of minds redefining tourism in business events sector easy access to the best Africa. Introducing Two Shows One Africa, as regional and international buyers. Indaba and We Are Africa change the face of Among the attendees at Meetings Africa 2014 travel trade shows on the continent. were 169 international qualified hosted buyers, SAT welcomed and endorsed the travel trade 31 African association hosted buyers, 238 local show, We Are Africa in a unique and exciting corporate buyers, 839 visitor delegates, 263 collaboration set to bring business benefits exhibitors and 162 journalists. to exhibitors, buyers, and the greater African In keeping with its theme, “Advancing Africa tourism sector. Where Indaba represented the Together”, Meetings Africa took a decisive step in fabric of the Southern African travel trade and the 2014 in its aim of becoming a truly pan-African breadth of the tourism sector for nearly 30 years, business events trade show. There were 13 We Are Africa is a tight, exclusive community for African destinations exhibiting at the 2014 show,

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South Africa was home to a record number of 82 Blue Flag Umdloti Tidal beaches, marinas and whale watching boats for the 2014/15 Umgababa summer season, according to the Wildlife and Environment Umhlanga Main i Society of South Africa. The 82 Blue Flag sites in South Africa Umlazi consist of 45 beaches, six marinas and six whale-watching Ushaka boats that have been award Full Status as well as 25 sites Westbrook that have been awarded Pilot Status. The latter is an impor- Willard tant developmental stage acting as an incubation period for potential Blue Flag sites. Blue Flag is a prestigious, voluntary Pilot Status eco-label for beaches, marinas and boats that is recognised as Jongensfontein a trusted symbol of quality and regarded by the World Tourism Melkbosstrand Organisation as the most well-known eco-label globally. Stilbaai Wes Struisbaai Eastern Cape Swartvlei Boknes Beach, Boknesstrand, Ndlambe Dolphin Beach, Jeffreys Bay Pilot Status Hamburg Pilot Status Humewood Beach, Port Elizabeth Cape St Francis Kariega Hobie Kelly's Beach, Port Alfred Mtentu Kenton-on-Sea Mzamba King's Beach, Port Elizabeth Kleinemond, West Beach, Ndlambe Western Cape Middle Beach, Port Alfred Bikini Beach, Gordon’s Bay Brenton-on-Sea, Knysna KwaZulu-Natal Buffalo Bay, Knysna Alkanstrand Beach, Camps Bay, Cape Town Richards Bay Clifton IV, Cape Town Blythedale De Bakke, Mossel Bay Dokodweni South Gouritsmond, Hessequa Lucien Beach, Margate Grotto Beach, Hermanus Marina Beach Hartenbos, Mossel Bay Pennington Hawston Beach, Hermanus Ramsgate Beach Keurboomstrand, Plettenberg Bay Southport Beach Kleinbrak, Mossel Bay Trafalgar Kleinmond Umzumbe Beach Lappiesbaai, Stilbaai Llandudno, Cape Town Marinas Lookout False Bay Yacht Club, Cape Town Mnandi Beach, False Bay Granger Bay Water Club, Cape Town Muizenberg Beach, Cape Town Harbour Island Nature’s Valley, Garden Route National Park Royal Alfred Marina, Port Elizabeth Preekstoel, Stilbaai Thesen Island, Knysna Robberg V, Plettenberg Bay Yachtport, Saldanha Bay Santos, Mossel Bay Silverstroomstrand, Atlantis Northern Cape Strandfontein Beach, Cape Town MacDougall's Bay, Port Nolloth Strandfontein Beach, Vredendal Wilderness, Garden Route National Park Pilot Status Witsand, Hessequa Ansteys Dokodweni Main Whale Watching Boats Dokodweni North Fling Mpenjati Gaia Park Rynie Ocean Odyssey Scottburgh Main Robberg Tugela Samara Twinstreams Whale Whisperer Umdloti Main

including South Africa. The others were Botswana, Meeting Africa’s Business Opportunity Networking Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Day was well supported and gave delegates Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia the opportunity to meet and discuss strategies and Zimbabwe. to advance Africa and build the global competi-

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tiveness of the continent. The day included • sharing information with sector members, workshops and seminars; the IMEX-MPI-MCI approved accreditation agencies and the Future Leaders Forum; an Event Greening Forum; Minister pertaining to BBBEE in the sector. an Association Day; the International Congress and Convention Association, Africa Chapter Programmes and projects supplier/client workshop conference; and a National Tourism Sector Strategy(NTSS) gala dinner that gave delegates an opportunity The vision of the NTSS is to position South to network with the continent's public- and Africa as one of the top 20 tourism destinations private-sector captains of the business events global by 2020. industry. The overall goal of the strategy is to drive the tourism economy, enhance visitor experiences, Tourism, Hospitality and Sport position South Africa as a destination of choice Education and Training Authority (Theta) and sustain good governance in the industry. Theta is the sector education and training The key focus areas of the NTSS are arrivals, authority (Seta) established under the Skills GDP and job creation. The tourism sector is Development Act, 1998 (Act 97 of 1998), for the working towards creating 225 000 jobs by 2020. tourism, hospitality and sport economic sector. To achieve all of its objectives, the NTSS Theta comprises the following chambers: focuses on domestic tourism with the intention • hospitality to increase the number of domestic trips from • conservation and tourist guiding 30,9 million in 2009 to 54 million by 2020. • sport, recreation and fitness Regional tourism is also being targeted with • tourism and travel services South Africa looking to take advantage of hitherto • gaming and lotteries. untapped markets such as outbound tourists. Every chamber has its own committee that helps This strategy represents the department’s Theta to identify industry needs. commitment to intelligent planning and policy Theta’s main function is to contribute to raising formulation. It was developed over two years skills or bringing skills to the employed or those in close collaboration with local and provincial wanting to be employed in their sector. This is government, an advisory panel of top industry done by ensuring people learn skills needed by minds, representatives of various professional employers and communities. bodies, academia, tourism marketing agencies, civil society and the broader public. Tourism Grading Council of South The NTSS is a document that the entire sector Africa (TGCSA) is committed to and includes coordinated and The TGCSA’s grading system is South Africa’s credible targets. The strategy rests on three only officially recognised system for the star pillars, namely: grading of accommodation establishments. • driving the tourism economy Establishments are assessed according to the • enhancing visitor experiences type of accommodation they provide. There are • ensuring sustainability and good governance nine types of establishments: in the industry. • formal service accommodation (hotels, lodges) • self-catering Tourism Support Programme (TSP) • backpacker The TSP is a reimbursable cash grant designed • hostelling to support the setting up tourism-related • caravans businesses. A key objective is to spread tourism • camping investment across South Africa, while job • meetings creation is also a priority. It was introduced in • exhibitions 2008 and ended in 2014. A grant of between 15% • special events. and 30% of the investment costs for start-up and expansion was offered. Some 545 applications Tourism Broad-Based Black Economic had been approved with an incentive value of Empowerment (BBBEE) Charter Council R1,1 billion. Originally managed by the Department of The Tourism BBBEE Charter Council’s roles Trade and Industry, the TSP was transferred to include: the NDT in April 2013 in line with the Industrial • providing guidance on sector-specific matters Policy Action Plan 2011/12 – 2013/14. effecting BBBEE in entities within the sector This means that the department will in future • compiling reports on the status of BBBEE also develop and implement an incentive that is within the sector for the Minister and the BEE better aligned with the current strategic priorities Advisory Council of the tourism sector.

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Hospitality Youth Initiative (HYI) natural environment, respecting and conserving, The HYI is aimed at helping unemployed youth for local cultures and ways of life, and contribute to find meaningful employment in the hospitality to stronger local economies and a better quality industry at entry level. of life for local people. The programme targets unemployed youths It includes providing better holiday experiences between the ages of 18 and 35 with Grade 12 for guests and good business opportunities for senior certificates. tourism enterprises. The concept of responsible The programme provides one month′s tourism is gaining ground as a newly emerging theoretical training for entry into the hospitality trend worldwide. industry. The NDT in partnership with tourism stakeholders Training focuses on communication, life skills, and the private sector, particularly accreditation customer care, leadership and HIV and Aids agencies, developed the NMSRT. management. South Africa has taken the lead on the On completing the first phase,trainees are continent by publishing a set of national minimum placed in tourism establishments where they standards that are aligned with international receive on-the-job training with internationally standard ISO/IEC 17011. accepted standards as laid down by the The NMSRT comprises 41 criteria divided into hospitality industry. four categories, namely: At the end of the training, beneficiaries • sustainable operations and management receive certificates of competence and can be • economic criteria absorbed by hospitality establishments. • social and cultural criteria • environmental criteria. National Tourism Service Excellence Requirements Lilizela Tourism Awards The National Tourism Service Excellence The 2014 Lilizela Awards recognised industry Requirements are aimed at improving and players within four focus areas reflecting eight maintaining service levels at all service touch categories, with the ninth category being the points in the tourism value chain as well as Minister’s Award. guiding the sector to achieve the NTSS objective The awards acknowledge and applaud of positioning South Africa as one of the top the efforts of people whose work sets global 20 global tourism destinations. benchmarks in excellence. They will be rewarded Previously the tourism value chain in South across a number of broad categories: Service Africa did not have integrated standards and Excellence, Emerging Entrepreneur, Tourism norms, and this contributed to inconsistencies in service levels. As part of its Mandela legacy project, the City of Tshwane The Service Excellence Requirements has launched a tour called Relive the memory of President provides a yardstick to be used by all tourism Nelson Mandela, aimed at mapping Madiba’s footsteps service providers in the value chain to deliver i in the city. The tour begins at Fort Klapperkop, which, quality service and experiences that equal or although there is no direct association with Mandela, offers surpass world standards. a view of the city. The second stop is Unisa, the world’s The South African Bureau of Standards largest distance learning institution, through which Mandela obtained his law degree. Next, visitors are taken to the developed the standards on behalf of the tourism Voortrekker Monument. From there the tour moves on to sector and benchmarked them against interna- Reconciliation Road – the road between the Voortrekker tional requirements. The requirements have four Monument and Freedom Park. The road will lead visitors to key focus areas, namely marketing, products, Freedom Park, considered to be a new symbol to resolve delivery of service, and monitoring and evaluation. past conflicts. The next stop is the Gallows at the Kgosi The department also introduced a National Mampuru II Prison. The seventh stop on the tour is the Service Excellence campaign under the theme Palace of Justice on Church Square where the famous “Excellent Service Starts with Me”. The campaign Rivonia Trial took place in 1964. Next visitors will visit the is aimed at creating awareness and educating Old Synagogue in Paul Kruger Street where Mandela and his co-accused appeared on charges of treason between consumers and tourism product owners about 1958 and 1961. The final stop on the tour is the Union Build- the requirements. ings where Mandela was inaugurated as the country’s first democratically elected president in 1994. An optional addi- National Minimum Standard for tional stop on the tour takes visitors to the National Archives Responsible Tourism (NMSRT) which houses the transcripts of the Rivonia Trial as well as Responsible tourism is a tourism management the original manuscript of Mandela’s autobiography The strategy in which the tourism sector and tourists Long Walk to Freedom. take responsibility protecting and conserving the

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Responsibility and Sustainability, Universal On 10 June 2014, the legacies of former President Nelson Accessibility and the Minister’s Award. Mandela and late ANC leader Albert Luthuli lived on after their The award categories are: faces were engraved on medallion coins. The set is called i the Liliesleaf Farm Memory and Legacy set. The medallion • Minister’s Award: Recognises outstanding, unique, impactful people, events or organi- coins were launched by the South African Gold Exchange and the Scoin Shop in partnership with the Liliesleaf Trust at sations that have performed in a manner that Liliesleaf Museum in Johannesburg. The event was to mark urges the industry closer to tourism’s 2020 the 50th anniversary of 11 July 1963 when apartheid police vision (to grow arrivals to 15 million and create swooped on the farm, where political activists had gone 225 000 new jobs and increase the direct and underground planning to topple the racist regime. indirect contribution to the GDP from R189,4 billion 2009 to R499 billion. Mavuso Msimang, diplomatic representatives abroad or to the the Chairperson of Tourism Business Council Department of Home Affairs in Pretoria. Visas scooped the Award. are issued free of charge. • In the Emerging Entrepreneurship category, Visitors who intend travelling between South Limpopo Guesthouse was the overall winner. Africa and neighbouring countries are advised to • In the B-BBEE Sustainable Development apply for multiple-entry visas. category, Ubuhle be Naga in Mpumalanga Passport holders of certain countries are and City Lodge in Gauteng were the winners. exempt from visa requirements. The national finalists were selected from more Tourists must satisfy immigration officers that than 1 200 entries. they have the means to support themselves during their stay and that they have return International tourism or onward tickets. They must also have valid South African Tourism international health certificates. SAT’s five-year plan contains five different Visitors from the yellow-fever belt in Africa programmes aimed at: and the USA, and those who travel through or • increasing international arrivals, focusing on disembark in these areas, have to be inoculated regional Africa against the disease. • promoting global visibility of the South African Malaria is endemic to parts of KwaZulu-Natal, brand Mpumalanga and Limpopo. It is essential to take • ensuring delivery of quality experiences using anti-malaria precautions when visiting these areas. global best-practice grading systems Foreign tourists visiting South Africa can have • ensuring quality execution of approved their value-added tax (VAT) refunded, provided business plans and budgets the value of the items purchased exceeds R20. • providing the human resources, systems and VAT is refunded on departure at the point of exit. structures to support the execution of SAT’s South Africa’s means of transport infrastructure business plans and budgets. – airlines, railroads, luxury touring buses In an effort to make South Africa a most preferred (coaches) and motor cars – is such that tourists tourism brand by 2014 and obtaining brand can travel comfortably and quickly from their port awareness of at least 79% in target markets SAT of entry to any part of the country. looked at three criteria: brand knowledge, brand South African Airways, as well as a number of journey and the conversion of positive brand international airlines, operate regular scheduled awareness to sales. SAT aims to grade 9 000 flights to and from South Africa. properties by 2016/17. Several domestic airlines operate in the country. There are also mainline trains to all parts of the country. Guidelines for international The tourist-accommodation industry in South tourists Africa provides a wide spectrum of accom- Every international traveller to South Africa must modation, from formal hotels to informal holiday have a valid passport and, where necessary, a flats and cottages, game lodges and reserves, visa. guest houses, youth hostels and bed-and- The Immigration Act, 2002 (Act 13 of 2002), breakfast establishments. stipulates that all visitors to South Africa are required to have at least one blank page (both Tourist guiding back and front) in their passport to enable the The NDT entered into an agreement with the entry visa to be issued. Culture, Arts, Tourism and Hospitality Sports If there is insufficient space in the passport, Seta (Cathsseta) which seeks to prioritise tourist- entry will be denied. guide training and development throughout Enquiries may be directed to South African South Africa.

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In 2014, government spent R100 million to market South • Investing in a new marketing campaign for Africa’s tourism industry. These marketing efforts included domestic tourists. This was launched during the continued rollout of the Nothing’s More Fun than a Tourism Month in September 2014 and i Sho’t Left campaign. The country has initiatives in place to targeted a broad cross-section of the South develop domestic tourism. A campaign about the benefits African population. of tourism will be created by South African Tourism. The campaign is aimed at educating people about the accessibility of tourism and it will try to dispel the myth that tourism Adventure tourism is for the elite. The country’s diverse terrain, together with an ideal climate for outdoor activities, makes it The memorandum of understanding with perfect for the adventure tourism niche market. Cathsseta also addresses areas of transfor- Activities such as climbing, surfing, diving, hiking, mation within the tourist guiding sector, as horseback safaris, mountain-biking, river-rafting well as the maintenance of standards through – and just about any other extreme activity are quality training and effective skills development supported by dedicated operators. programmes aimed at existing tourist guides. South Africa offers some of the best rock The department engaged the Road Traffic climbing and abseiling opportunities in the Management Corporation to educate traffic world. Those who prefer rivers have a choice officials throughout South Africa on how to of trips ranging from mostly scenic to Grade 5 enforce the legislation pertaining to tourist guides. white-water rafting. Opportunities for escorted or The NDT works closely with the Department of self-guided trips are also available. Transport with a view to ensuring enforcement of For those who want to take to the skies, there tourist-guiding issues relating to tour operators are more than 100 listed paragliding or hang- and related regulations in the National Land gliding launch sites as well as numerous less Transport Act, 2009 (Act 5 of 2009). known sites. There are also many opportunities The department wants industry bodies that are for helicopter rides balloon and microlight flights, committed to growing the tourist-guiding sector aerobatics and skydiving. and elevating the profession to enter into formal Thousands of kilometres of hiking trails wind agreements with stakeholder bodies that share through the country in desert, forest, mountain or department’s vision. coastal terrains, many with adjacent mountain- The department undertook a process to bike trails. review the Regulations in Respect of Tourist In addition, South Africa offers a wide variety of Guiding. This included wide consultations with horse trails through vineyards, on beaches and in tourist guides and key stakeholders throughout the mountains. For the more adventurous there the country to improve processes and systems are also horseback safaris in game reserves. The to register tourist guides and ensure compliance 216-metre Bloukrans Bridge on the border of the within the sector. Eastern and Western Cape offers the highest The department is working with the provinces commercial bungee jump in the world. to establish a centralised database of tourist guides. Business tourism Once a viable database is in place, the NDT South Africa remains one of the top 15 long-haul will be able to engage the departments of home business-events destinations in the world and affairs and justice, and other relevant authorities is the premier business-events destination in to ensure that the information received from the Africa. provinces is subjected to a vetting process as The business-events industry was identified prescribed in the Tourism Act of 2014. as an important contributor towards the NTSS’s The training programmes for tourist guides target of 15 million international arrivals by 2020. taking place in provinces focus on skills Government recognises business-events development for existing tourist guides to make tourism as an area with significant growth them more marketable and employable within potential and has therefore established the the sector. first South African National Convention Bureau (SANCB) to further promote growth in the Tourism niche markets conferencing industry. The SANCB is tasked Domestic tourism (Vaya Mzansi) with coordinating national bidding, undertaking To increase domestic tourism, the NDT research and collaborating with city and announced the new initiatives for 2013: provincial convention bureaus and the business- • Investing in new partnerships and rela- events industry to present a united front for tionships, including between provincial tourism destination South Africa. marketers and SAT. Over the next five years, South Africa will host

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200 international conferences that will attract an Nature-based tourism estimated 300 000 delegates and an additional South Africa’s fauna and flora and varied land- R1,6 billion to the economy. scapes have enormous recreational value and attract several million tourists each year. Cruise tourism Protected natural areas serve not only to The department works closely with the cruise maintain biodiversity, but sustainable visitor line industry to ensure that packages and access to these areas adds economic, recrea- excursions are developed and that passengers tional and aesthetic value to that which is being are encouraged to visit the country’s shores, conserved within their borders. It also helps enjoy what it has to offer and inspire other to preserve a wealth of traditional indigenous travellers to visit South Africa. knowledge related to biodiversity, which is in itself a tourism resource. Cultural tourism South Africa has 19 national parks as Heritage and cultural tourism is the fastest-eme- well as numerous private game farms and rging competitive niche within domestic and nature reserves. Three of the country’s eight international tourism markets. This category UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organi- accounts for 40% of international tourism. sation (Unesco) world heritage sites are natural The National Heritage and Cultural Strategy is sites, while one is a mixed cultural/natural aimed at guiding the integration of heritage and site. These are the Cape Floral Region, the cultural resources with mainstream tourism. It is iSimangaliso Wetland Park, the Vredefort Dome, set to stimulate sustainable livelihoods through and the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park. heritage and cultural tourism products and to South Africa’s popularity as an avi-tourism diversify the sector and raise awareness of destination is due to the large number of birds, heritage and cultural resources. endemic species and major bird habitats. Birdlife South Africa’s diversity is reflected in its cultural South Africa, South Africa’s national birding tourism with many destinations commemorating organisation has more than 8 000 members and the past. These range from the ancient nomadic 40 branches nationwide. San culture to European settlement, apartheid rule and the struggle for political freedom. Rural tourism Cultural tourist destinations include the: The NDT’s National Rural Strategy is aimed • Ukhahlamba-Drakensberg Park in KwaZulu- at creating community-driven bed-and-break- Natal, which is home to the ancient rock art fast operations, catering for international and of the San domestic tourists. • Cradle of Humankind near Johannesburg, In supporting the geographic spread of which is the richest hominid fossil site in the tourism and in particular tourism growth in rural world areas and enhancing the supply of rural tourism • Mapungubwe in Limpopo, one of the richest products, the department is focusing on rural archaeological sites in Africa where an communities. advanced South African culture prospered Culture and heritage products are the fastest between 1 200 AD and 1 270 AD emerging competitive niche offerings in the • Soweto’s Heritage Trail, a reminder of the domestic and international markets. events that characterised South Africa’s Sustainable development will be achieved liberation struggle, such as the student uprising if the people, whose land, culture and natural on 16 June 1976. Many cultural villages have resources are used for tourism, benefit from been established throughout South Africa to such use in a meaningful way. reflect the different cultures and traditions of the country’s people. Sports tourism It is estimated that sports tourism contributes Medical tourism more than R6 billion to the South African tourism South Africa has emerged as a medical tourism industry. destination of choice for travellers from other More than 10% of foreign tourists come to African countries as well as further afield; and South Africa to watch or participate in sports the industry is proving to have extensive growth events, with spectators accounting for 60% to potential. 80% of these arrivals. Most medical tourists come to South Africa The world-class sporting events on South for cosmetic surgery, but the country’s skilled Africa’s annual calendar include the: surgeons can also perform organ transplants, • annual Cape Argus Cycle Race, which caters cardiac, orthopaedic and obesity surgery, and de- for 35 000 people riding and pushing their ntistry. bikes over a 10km course

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• Midmar Mile in KwaZulu-Natal, which attracts South African hotels and lodges have made a strong show- 18 000 openwater swimmers annually ing in the 2014 Travel + Leisure Top hotels in Africa and the • Comrades Marathon. Middle East, with a few even making it into the top 10 of the i overall 100 World's Best list. Travel + Leisure announced In October 2014, the forth annual Sports Events and Tourism Exchange (SETE) took place in the awards on 2 July and an official awards ceremony will be held in New York. South African hotels and lodges in the Durban. top 100 Hotels Travel + Leisure list: 7 Singita Sabi Sand; 8 SETE 2014 provided businesses from sports Londolozi Game Reserve; 59 Mala Mala Game Reserve; and tourism industries with an opportunity to 63 Cape Grace, Cape Town. collaborate during the two-day conference, exhibition and networking events. SETE attracts Table Mountain, which forms part of the Table over 1 000 visitors who are decision-makers in Mountain National Park, is one of the New the sports and events tourism industry, including Seven Wonders of Nature. A modern cableway pre-selected international hosted buyers. takes visitors to the top of the mountain, providing spectacular views. Township tourism Other major attractions in the city include Township tours have the potential to present the Bo-Kaap Museum, the Castle of Good South Africa’s culture and heritage and the NDT Hope, the Company’s Garden, the District Six wants packages to be developed to achieve that Museum, flea markets, the Grand Parade, goal. the Houses of Parliament, the South African Government wants to capitalise on job-creation Cultural History Museum and the South African opportunities in this sector. National Gallery. The Gold of Africa Museum, established by Wine tourism Anglo Gold, houses a celebrated collection of Wine tourism is growing fast worldwide and more than 350 gold artefacts. play, an especially important role in South Africa Air flips and trips are available, as are many with its centuries-old reputation for making boat and yacht trips from Table Bay Harbour. high-quality wine. International Wine Review, There are also trips to Robben Island one of the world’s most influential opinion (proclaimed a world heritage site and also the formers on wine, has rated South Africa’s wine place where former President Nelson Mandela tourism the best developed in the world. was imprisoned for 18 of his 27 years in prison). The country’s vineyards are mostly situated in The Nelson Mandela Gateway to Robben the Western Cape near the coast. Island is in the Clock Tower Precinct at the V&A All South African wine routes fall under the Waterfront. The gateway houses interactive multi- auspices of the Wine of Origin Scheme. media exhibitions, an auditorium, boardrooms, Stylistically, South African wines fit somewhere the Robben Island Museum and a restaurant. between Old World and New World. Jazz is big in Cape Town. From traditional blues through progressive jazz to African- Regional tourism influenced jazz, every taste is catered for ata Western Cape number of restaurants, jazz cafés, cigar bars, The Western Cape lies at the southern tip of pubs and wine farms. The top jazz event in the Africa. The province’s unmatched natural beauty, Western Cape is the annual Cape Town Interna- famous hospitality, cultural diversity, excellent tional Jazz Festival. wine and rich cuisine make it one of the world’s The South African Rugby Museum in Newlands greatest tourist attractions. reflects the history of the sport as far back as The tourism industry in the province has grown 1891. faster and created more jobs than any other. The Rhodes Memorial in Rondebosch on the One in 10 employees in the Western Cape earns slopes of Table Mountain was built from granite a living in the tourism industry, which contributes from the mountain as a tribute to the memory of more than R25 billion to the provincial economy. Cecil John Rhodes, Prime Minister of the Cape from 1890 to 1896. Cape Metropole The University of Cape Town is worth a visit for Tourism in the city of Cape Town, which lies at the its historic Middle Campus and many buildings foot of the magnificent Table Mountain, centres designed by Sir Herbert Baker. on the Victoria and Alfred (V&A) Waterfront. A Cape Point, part of the Table Mountain working harbour, the V&A offers everything from National Park, offers many drives, walks, picnic upmarket shopping malls, arts and craft markets, spots and a licensed restaurant. Care has been and a variety of restaurants, to theatres, live taken to protect the environmental integrity of this music and museums. 22 100 ha reserve of indigenous flora and fauna.

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Simon’s Town’s naval atmosphere and Historic The Penny Ferry from Cape Town' Waterfront to the clock Mile are major attractions in the area. A statue of tower was relaunched in October 2014 after an absence of the famous dog and sailors’ friend Able Seaman i 17 years and now charges R5 a trip. Just Nuisance stands at Jubilee Square. Hout Bay is renowned for its colourful working summer nights from November to March at harbour. Seafood outlets, round-the-bay trips to the Spier Wine Estate near Stellenbosch. the nearby seal colony, shell and gift shops, and Supervised pony and cart rides for children a famous harbour-front emporium attract many are available on the lawns of the Spier Estate. visitors. There is also a horse-carriage tour and equestrian Duiker Island is a seal and sea-bird sanctuary. centre for older children. The World of Birds Wildlife Sanctuary is one The Freedom Monument at Pniel commem- of the largest bird parks in the world and houses orates the freed slaves who were the first settlers some 3 000 birds. at the mission station, established in 1843. Big Bay in Bloubergstrand is a surfers’ para- Franschhoek has become known as the dise and hosts an international windsurfing “Gourmet Capital” of the Cape. The Huguenot event. Monument was built in 1944 to commemorate Rietvlei Nature Reserve is a unique wetland the arrival in 1688 of the Huguenots who were area with over 110 bird species, including predominantly French. In April each year, the pelicans and flamingos. region hosts the South African Cheese Festival. Canal Walk, Century City, is one of the Visitors can also enjoy various hiking trails largest shopping centres in Africa, with close to and historical walks, as well as the Vignerons 400 shops, and is home to the largest cinema de Franschhoek Wine Route. There is also an complex in South Africa. annual book/literary festival in Franschhoek. New Year in Cape Town is a festive affair, Butterfly World, one of the more unique attractions of the Western Cape winelands, when the Cape minstrels take to the streets with 2 their upbeat music and fancy costumes. consists of a tropical garden in a 1 000 m The Monkey Town Primate Centre is home to greenhouse. over 200 individual primates and is located east The Giraffe House Wildlife Awareness Centre of Somerset West on the N2. is on 15 ha focuses mainly on African wildlife, Strawberry-picking in Cape Town on the Mooi- Giraffe House provides a place for people to berge Strawberry Farm is available in season, enjoy a picnic in the fresh air, while experiencing which begins in November. and learning about animals and conservation. Drakenstein Lion Park was established Cape winelands as a sanctuary for lions born in captivity. The Cape winelands feature dramatic mountains, Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, which includes rolling farmlands and peaceful vineyards. They the smaller Assegaaibosch Nature Reserve, is are home to Route 62, the world’s longest wine near Stellenbosch, comprising the Jonkershoek route. Mountains and portions of the upper Jonkers- The Stellenbosch Wine Route comprises over 100 hoek Valley. The reserve stretches over wine estates, most of which offer cellar tours. 9 800 ha and its rugged terrain is ideal for hiking. Stellenbosch is the oldest town in South Assegaaibosch is much smaller and is suitable Africa. The town is a gracious blend of old Cape for shorter walks and picnics. Dutch, Georgian and Victorian architecture. Dorp On Le Bonheur Estate visitors can experience Street consists of one of the longest rows of old guided croc-pond tours, which lead across open buildings in the country. dams via ramp-ways. Over 1 000 crocodiles are The Stellenbosch Village Museum consists of housed in these dams. Visitors can touch a baby four homesteads and gardens ranging from the crocodile, and during summer months, witness late-17th to the mid-19th centuries. them being fed. The Stellenbosch Toy and Miniature Museum Paarl is famous for its Cape Dutch and houses a collection of 1:12 scale miniatures Victorian architectural treasures found along a such as room boxes, miniature houses, antique 1-km stretch of the main street. The area’s fynbos dolls, cars and cuddly toys. supports many south-western Cape endemics, The Spier Summer Arts Festival livens up such as the Cape sugarbird and orange-breasted sunbird. The Afrikaans Language Monument In October 2014, the users of TripAdvisor website voted is on the slopes of Paarl Mountain, while the The Akademie Street Boutique Hotel and Guest House in Afrikaanse Taalmuseum (Language Museum) is Franschhoek in the Western Cape as the best small hotel in the centre of the town. i in the world. The town of Wellington lies in a picturesque

391 Tourism valley, with the majestic Hawequa Mountains country, ferrying vehicles and livestock across on its eastern border. Wellington is also the the Breede River. The Grootvadersbosch home of South Africa’s dried-fruit industry. Nature Reserve outside Heidelberg comprises Experience life as the pioneers did in years the popular Bushbuck Trail, a wilderness trail gone by at the Kleinplasie Living Museum. The and two mountain-bike trails. Riversdale is one KWV Brandy Cellar, the largest of its kind in the of South Africa’s most important fynbos export world, offers cellar tours and brandy tastings. areas. Other attractions include the Julius Gordon The Hex River Valley is the largest producer of Africana Museum. table grapes in southern Africa. Visitors can pick At the historical Strandveld Architectural He- their own grapes at harvest time and sample the ritage Site at Still Bay, visitors can watch tame variety of export-quality produce. eels being fed. Ancient fish-traps can be seen at The well-known Hex River 4x4 trail and the Morris Point and the harbour. ochre san rock art trail is a must for nature lovers. At the aloe factories at Albertinia, aloe juice is De Doorns lies in the heart of the Hex River extracted for medicine and high-quality skin-care Valley. Bonnievale on the Breede River, features products. Nearby, bungee-jumping at the Gouritz several cheese factories. For the adventurous River Gorge, hiking, mountain-biking and angling outdoor enthusiast there are canoe trips, as well are popular pastimes. as bird watching and river boating. The Point in Mossel Bay is not only popular Surrounded by vineyards, orchards, and roses, among surfers, but its natural pool formed by rock Robertson is known as “The Valley of Wine and is also a favourite swimming spot at low tide. The Roses.” It is known for its connoisseur-quality St Blaize trail starts here and is the ideal place wines and its thoroughbred horses. Renowned from which to watch the whales and dolphins at for its muscadel wines, Montagu is the gateway play in season. The harbour at Mossel Bay is one to the Little Karoo. Relax in the healing waters of the most modern commercial and recreational of the Avalon Springs or visit the Montagu harbours on the southern Cape coastline. Other Museum, which houses, among other things, attractions include the Attequas Kloof Pass, original cartoons and books by well-known Anglo-Boer/South African War block-houses cartoonist TO Honiball. and the Bartolomeu Dias complex. Great Brak The picturesque village of Gouda is known River offers a historic village with many opportu- for the Parrotts Den pub, a living museum in the nities for whale- and dolphi- watching along the Gouda Hotel. extensive coast. McGregor has a variety of charming thatched The Slave Tree in George, located just outside cottages and well-preserved Victorian houses, the Old Library, was planted in 1811, when making it one of the best-preserved examples George was laid out. It is known to be the of mid-19th-century architecture in the Western biggest English oak in the Southern Hemisphere. Cape. George is popular among golfers and is home to Prince Alfred Hamlet is the gateway to the the renowned Fancourt Country Club and Golf Gydo Pass, known for its scenic views. This Estate, as well as various other acclaimed golf quaint village lies in an important deciduous-fruit courses. Visitors can board the Power Van at farming area. Hidden amid vineyards and wine the Outeniqua Transport Museum, and enjoy a estates lies Rawsonville, known for its award- glimpse of the Garden Route Botanical Garden winning wines. from this rail bus. The Big Tree at Woodville, Tourists can enjoy an afternoon drive along an Outeniqua yellowwood, is estimated to be the beautiful Slanghoek Valley with its lush around 850 years old. It is located about 40 km vineyards and panoramic views or relax in the outside of George in the direction of Knysna. mineral springs at Goudini Spa. The George Airport, Outeniqua Pass, railway line and the N2 offer convenient access to this Garden Route region, making George the ideal hub from which The Garden Route spans roughly 200 km of to explore the Garden Route and Little Karoo. the southern coast, incorporating the stretch of Victoria Bay and Wilderness are popular coastline which includes Mossel Bay, George, for their unspoilt beaches. Wilderness is the Wilderness, Sedgefield, Knysna, Plettenberg Bay western gateway to the southern Cape lakes and Nature’s Valley – each with its own charm area. It is a nature lover’s paradise, best known and attractions. Famed for its lush greenery and for its beaches, lakes, placid lagoon and lush the vast Tsitsikamma Forest, the Garden Route is indigenous forests. the most biodiverse region in the world. The Langvlei and Rondevlei bird sanctuaries The Garden Route features the pont at Malgas, in the Wilderness National Park, which hosts which is one of the two remaining ponts in the over 230 different bird species, is popular among

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bird watchers. Sedgefield borders Swartvlei In February 2015, the Minister of Tourism announced the Lagoon, the largest natural inland saltwater lake appointment of a Ministerial Review Committee to conduct in South Africa. Activities include beach horse- an extensive review of South Africa Tourism, the entity i responsible for marketing South Africa as a domestic and riding, hiking, angling and bird watching. Knysna nestles on the banks of an estuary, international destination. guarded by The Heads (two huge sandstone cliffs) and surrounded by indigenous forests, The spring water of the Calitzdorp Spa is rich tranquil lakes and golden beaches. in minerals and reputed to have medicinal This natural wonderland is home to the largest properties. The Gamka Mountain Reserve is and smallest of creatures, from the Knysna home to the rare and endangered Cape mountain seahorse to the Knysna elephants, rare delicate zebra. butterflies and the endemic Knysna loerie, a Excellent wines and port are produced in the colourful forest bird. The abundant fynbos and Calitzdorp and De Rust areas. The Swartberg forest settings host over 200 species. Knysna Nature Reserve and Pass with their gravel roads is also famous for its delectable home-grown are also worth a visit. De Rust lies at the southern oysters, enjoyed with locally brewed beer in entrance to Meiringspoort. The Meiringspoort quaint pubs and restaurants. The Knysna Gorge extends 20 km through the Swartberg Oyster Festival, a celebration of the good life, Mountain Range. Halfway through is a beautiful has established itself as one of the most popular 69-m waterfall. Wine farms in the area are open annual events in the Western Cape. to the public. An eclectic mix of art galleries presents the Ladismith is home to the Towerkop Cheese diversity of talent in the area. There are also Factory. There are various hiking, mountain- lagoon cruises, forest hikes, golf and adventure biking and 4x4 trails in the area, as well as sports on offer. the Anysberg, Little Karoo and Towerkop nature Plettenberg Bay is adventure country, offering reserves. boat-based whale watching, black-water Uniondale, on the main route between Geo- tubing, hiking, and forest and cycling trails. The rge and Graaff-Reinet, features the largest Keurbooms River Nature Reserve at Plettenberg water-wheel in the country, the Old Watermill. Bay offers a canoeing trail, while the Robberg Uniondale Poort is a scenic drive linking Nature Reserve is a treasure trove of land, Uniondale with Avontuur in the Langkloof Valley. marine, geological and archaeological wealth. At Vanwyksdorp, visitors can see how fynbos is dried and packed for the export market. Little Karoo Donkey-cart rides take visitors to Anglo-Boer/ The Little Karoo’s fascinating landscape is South African War grave sites. fashioned almost entirely by water. Its vegetation ranges from lush greenery in the fertile river Central Karoo valleys to short, rugged Karoo plants in the veld. The Central Karoo, a fascinating semi-desert Gorges feature rivers that cut through towering area, lies in the heart of one of the world’s most mountains, while breathtakingly steep passes unique and interesting arid zones. This ancient, cross imposing terrain. The region is also home fossil-rich land is five times the size of Great to the world’s largest bird – the ostrich. The Little Britain. Here, visitors will find the Earth's largest Karoo is rich in culture and history. Oudtshoorn, variety of succulents. Beaufort West, the oldest the world’s ostrich-feather capital, is the region’s town in the Central Karoo, is often referred to main town. as the “Oasis of the Karoo.” The local museum The Klein-Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees (Na- displays awards presented to heart-transplant tional Arts Festival) is held in the town pioneer, Prof. Chris Barnard, a son of this town. annually. Some 29 km from Oudtshoorn lie A township route introduces visitors to the the Cango Caves, a series of subterranean Xhosa culture in the area. The Karoo National limestone caverns. Bearing evidence of early Park, on the town’s doorstep, is home to a variety San habitation, the cave features magnificent of game, as well as the highly endangered dripstone formations. riverine rabbit. Amalienstein and Zoar are historic mission Matjiesfontein, a national monument, offers stations midway between Ladismith and tourists a peek into yesteryear and the opportunity Calitzdorp. Visitors can go on donkey-cart and to overnight in Victorian splendour. The village hiking trails through orchards and vineyards, houses a transport museum and the Marie while the Seweweekspoort is ideal for mountain- Rawdon Museum. biking, hiking, and protea and fynbos admirers. Experience the vastness of the Great Karoo Calitzdorp has four wine estates, three of which in Murraysburg, an ecotourist and hunter’s are open to the public. paradise.

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Laingsburg, a tiny village that was devastated and offers top performances by South African by floods about a century after it was established, entertainers. was rebuilt afterwards. It is the best place to Malmesbury is the biggest town in the Swartland. study the geology of the region. Major attractions include the Malmesbury Prince Albert is a well-preserved town at the Museum and the historical walk-about. foot of the Swartberg Mountains. It is the ideal The Riebeek Valley is known for its scenic place to sample Karoo cuisine, see examples of beauty. The area has become a popular haven for local architecture dating back to the early 1800s well-known artists of various disciplines. Wines and enjoy several scenic drives. and olives can be tasted at various cellars. The Fransie Pienaar Museum introduces visi- Elands Bay is a popular holiday resort and tors to the cultural history of the area. It has a surfer’s paradise. Khoi and San rock art can be fossil room and an exhibit covering the gold rush viewed at the Elands Bay caves. in this area in the 19th century. The museum Moorreesburg and Koringberg are major has a licence to distil and sell “witblits” (white wheat-distributing towns. Tourists can visit the lightning). Prince Albert is the closest town by Wheat Industry Museum, one of only three in road to Gamkaskloof. the world. Bird watching, hiking, 4x4 routes, The Hell, a little valley in the heart of the clay-pigeon shooting, mountain-bike trails, Swartberg Mountains, was the home of one of canoeing and waterskiing at Misverstand are the world’s most isolated communities for almost popular activities. 150 years. Gamkaskloof is a nature reserve and Yzerfontein is famous for its unspoilt beaches, national monument managed by Cape Nature fynbos, beautiful views and whale watching. Conservation. It has overnight facilities and can Another major attraction is the historical lime be accessed by a 57-km long (but two-hour furnaces. drive) winding road which starts at the peak of Langebaan, a popular holiday destination, is the Swartberg Pass. home to the West Coast National Park. An internationally renowned wetland that houses West Coast about 60 000 waterbirds and waders, the park The West Coast is a region of outstanding attracts thousands of visitors each year. The beauty and contrast. The coast’s scenic beauty oldest anatomically modern fossilised human is challenged only by culinary experiences of footprints were also discovered here. mussels, oysters, calamari, crayfish and abalone The Langebaan Lagoon forms part of the park in season, or linefish pulled from the Benguela and is zoned for specific activities. The Postberg Current’s cold waters. section of the park, across the lagoon, is famous During April every year, Lambert's Bay has the for its wild flowers that bloom mainly during Crayfish and Cultural Festival. The area is not August and September. only a birder’s paradise, but every year migrating Cape Columbine at Paternoster is the last whales visit the coastal waters from July. manned lighthouse build on the South African Vredenburg, the business centre of the area, coast. The Columbine Nature Reserve is home to has a popular golf course with a bird hide. a variety of seabird species. Lambert's Bay is a traditional fishing village, with Saldanha is a water sport enthusiast’s para- Bird Island as a popular tourist attraction. It is a dise. Its attractions include Doc’s Cave, a land- breeding ground for African penguins, the Cape mark on the scenic breakwater drive, and the cormorant and other sea birds. Hoedjieskoppie Nature Reserve. There are va- Within two months of the first good winter rains, rious hiking trails in the SAS Saldanha Nature wild flowers on the West Coast explode ina Reserve. brilliant display of colour. St Helena Bay is best known for the Vasco The Swartland region is known for its wheat Da Gama Monument and Museum. Visitors fields, vineyards, wineries and outdoor activities. can enjoy fishing (snoek in season), hiking and Further north, visitors encounter the Olifants whale and bird watching. River Valley and the vast plains of the Knersvlakte Piketberg offers arts and crafts, fauna and with its wealth of indigenous succulent plants. flora, wine culture and recreation. The citrus area in the Olifants River Valley is the The Goedverwacht and Wittewater Moravian third-largest in South Africa. mission stations are close to the town. Porterville The town of Darling draws visitors to its country is famous for its Disa Route (best in January and museum and art gallery, annual wild flower and February). orchid shows, basket factory and wine cellars. The Groot Winterhoek Mountain Peak in The entertainment venue “Evita se Perron” the Groot Winterhoek Wilderness Area is the is situated at the old Darling Railway Station second-highest in the Western Cape.

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The Dasklip Pass is popular with hang-gliders. Strandfontein, about eight km north of Doring- At Velddrif/Laaiplek visitors can indulge in bo- baai, is essentially a holiday and retirement resort kkems (a West Coast salted-fish delicacy) at with a panoramic view of the ocean. Klawer was factories along the Berg River. Tourists can also named after the wild clover that grows in the visit the salt-processing factory and the West area. During the flower season, the area is a Coast Art Gallery in town. riot of colour. The Doring River features hiking The wine route from Citrusdal to Lutzville trails and opportunities for river-rafting. Lutzville produces a selection of internationally acclaimed and Koekenaap are synonymous with wine and wines. Citrusdal is famous for its citrus products flowers in season. and wines. The Citrusdal Museum depicts the Visitors can also view the Sishen-Saldanha pioneering days of the early colonists. The Railway Bridge. Where the railway line spans the Goede Hoop Citrus Co-Op is the largest single Olifants River, it is divided into 23 sections, each packing facility in South Africa. World-renowned 45 m long. The 14 100-tonne deck was pushed rooibos tea is also produced here. into position over teflon sheets with hydraulic The annual Citrusdal Outdoor Calabash jacks from the bridgehead. It is the longest features 4x4 outings, lectures and visits to bridge in the world built using this method. rock-art sites and an arts and crafts market. Vanrhynsdorp houses the largest succulent Annually, scores of sky-diving enthusiasts visit nursery in South Africa. The Latsky Radio Citrusdal for a skydiving “boogie” that lasts Museum houses a collection of old valve radios, several days. The oldest orange tree in the some dating back to 1924. The Troe-Troe and country, calculated to be more than 250 years Rietpoort mission stations are a must-see for old, grows in the Citrusdal Valley. The Sandveld- history enthusiasts. huisie is an example of a typical Sandveld dwelling. Overberg The Cederberg Wilderness Area features the In the most southerly region of Africa east of elephant’s foot plant, the rare snow protea and Cape Town, lies the Overberg. some of the best examples of San rock art in the The Hangklip-Kleinmond area comprises Western Cape. Kleinmond, Betty’s Bay, Pringle Bay and Rooi Visitors to Clanwilliam can visit the rooibos Els. It is a popular holiday region, ideal for and velskoen factories and the grave of the whale watching, and includes the Kleinmond well-known South African poet Louis Leipoldt. Coastal Nature Reserve and the Harold Porter Various historical buildings can also be Botanical Garden. viewed. The Clanwilliam and Bulshoek dams are The Penguin Reserve at Stoney Point, popular among watersport enthusiasts. Betty’s Bay, is one of two breeding colonies of Wuppertal, at the foot of the Cederberg mou- the jackass penguin off Africa. ntains, features the oldest Rhenish Mission South Africa’s first international biosphere Station. Proceeds from 4x4 trails in the area fund reserve, the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, the creation of new hiking trails and the building was proclaimed by Unesco in 1999. It runs of more overnight huts and guest houses. along the coast from Gordon’s Bay to the Bot Wuppertal, which is well-known for its rooibos River Vlei, stretching two km out to sea, and and buchu production, has added one more inland to the Groenlandberg Mountains near attraction to its tourism offerings – the Cederberg Grabouw. Donkey Cart Route. The project entails a three-day Hermanus is a popular holiday resort and tour through the Cederberg Mountain area and famous for the best land-based whale watching Heuningvlei with accommodation facilities for in the world. overnight visitors. Stanford is one of the few villages in South Vredendal is the centre of the Lower Olifants Africa where the market square has been River Valley. Major attractions include marble- retained. The central core of the village has processing and manufacturing, industrial mines been proclaimed a national conservation area. (dolomite and limestone), the KWV Grape Juice Award-winning wines are produced in the area. Concentrate Plant and Distillery and the South Gansbaai is known for its excellent rock and African Dried Fruit Co-Operative. The town is boat angling, diving, shark-cage diving and also home to the Vredendal Wine Cellar, the whale watching. largest cooperative wine cellar under one roof in The Danger Point Lighthouse, named as such the Southern Hemisphere. because of the ships that have been wrecked The picturesque town of Doringbaai with and lives lost on this dangerous coast, is open its attractive lighthouse is well known for its to the public. seafood. De Kelders is the only freshwater cave on the

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African coast. Spectacular views of southern from Swellendam, provides sanctuary to the right whales can be enjoyed from the cliffs at De threatened bontebok and other species. Kelders and along the coast to Pearly Beach. Known for its world-class wine, Barrydale Also popular are white-shark tours, diving offers the visitor fruit and fresh air in abundance. safaris and fishing trips. Situated on the N2, about 160 km from Cape Elim was founded by German missionaries in Town, Riviersonderend offers beautiful mountain 1824, with its only inhabitants being members and river scenery, a nine-hole golf course and of the Moravian Church. Visitors are welcome sightings of the blue crane. to attend services. Caledon is famous for its natural mineral The Old Watermill (1833) has been restored waters, hot springs and wild-flower shows. and declared a national monument. Southern Associated Maltsters is the only malt Popular sites in Napier include the Militaria producer for the South African lager beer industry Museum and Rose Boats and Toy Museum. and the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. The Shipwreck Museum in Bredasdorp, Genadendal is the oldest Moravian village in founded in 1975, specialises in shipwrecks found Africa, with church buildings and a school dating along the South African coastline. The town also back to 1738. The Genadendal Mission and has the Audrey Blignault Museum. Museum complex documents the first mission De Mond Nature Reserve is home to some station in South Africa. rare bird species, including the damara tern and Villiersdorp houses the Dagbreek Museum giant tern. that dates back to 1845 and was declared a The Geelkop Nature Reserve derives its name monument in 1994. The historical home, Oude from the mass of yellow flowering plants that Radyn, is possibly the only building in the cover the hill during spring. Western Cape to have Batavian wooden gutters The lighthouse at L’Agulhas, which forms part and down pipes. of the Agulhas National Park, is the country’s The Theewaterskloof Dam outside Villiersdorp second-oldest working lighthouse. It celebrated is the seventh-largest dam in the country. The its 150th anniversary in 1999. The Agulhas Villiersdorp Wild Flower Garden and Nature National Park is a ruggedly beautiful coastal Reserve has an indigenous herb garden and a plain of 20 959 ha. reference library. At Cape Agulhas, the southernmost tip of the The Grabouw/Elgin district produces about continent, the waters cleave into the Indian and 60% of South Africa’s total apple exports and fine Atlantic oceans. wines. The valley is also renowned for cultivating The wrecks of some 130 seafaring craft – fresh chrysanthemums, roses and proteas. yachts, Spanish galleons, Dutch East Indiamen, The Elgin Apple Museum is one of only two the legendary Birkenhead, and even modern-day in the world. Sir Lowry’s Pass offers spectacular fishing trawlers – have found a watery grave views of False Bay from Gordon’s Bay to Cape around the notorious Cape of Storms. Point. Struisbaai has the longest white coastline in the Southern Hemisphere. Arniston was named Northern Cape Waenhuiskrans (coach-house cliff) by the local Characterised by its vast expanses of space and fishers in honour of the huge sea cave capable of silence, warm sunny climate, friendly people and housing several oxwagons. For outsiders, it was hospitality, the Northern Cape is a province with named after the Arniston, a ship wrecked there in a rich culture heritage. 1815. The Waenhuiskrans Cave can be explored at low tide. Diamond fields The De Hoop Nature Reserve on the way The Big Hole in Kimberley is the largest hand-dug to Swellendam includes an internationally re- excavation in the world. In 1871, diamonds were nowned wetland and bird sanctuary. It is a winter discovered at the site and mined manually by retreat for the southern right whale and the prospectors. Western Cape’s only Cape griffen vulture colony. The Kimberley Tram Service dates back to the The red Bredasdorp lily and many species of beginning of the 20th century and still transports protea and erica are found in the Heuningberg passengers from the City Hall to the Mine Nature Reserve. Museum. Swellendam is well-known for its young-berries Underground mine tours are a big attraction, and eclectic architecture. The Drostdy Museum as are the famous ghost tours, during which consists of a group of buildings containing a many historical buildings are seen from a huge selection of period furniture. different perspective. The Bontebok National Park, about seven km Hand and mechanical diamond-digging by

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private diggers can be viewed by appointment. printed the first 2 000 copies can still be viewed. The McGregor Museum houses invaluable The church he built seats 800 people and is collections of the archaeological finds in the still in use. Explorer David Livingstone married area, as well as San art works. Moffat’s daughter and started many famous The house where Sol Plaatje (African National travels from this mission station. Congress founding member and human-rights The Wonderwerk Cave at Kuruman features activist) lived in Kimberley, has a library of extensive San paintings that may be viewed Plaatje’s and other black South African writers’ by appointment. The Kalahari Raptor Centre works, and several displays, including a portrayal cares for injured birds. Many of these majestic of black involvement in the Anglo-Boer/South creatures can be seen at close quarters. African War. The Witsand Nature Reserve, situated about The Paterson Museum near Kimberley Airport 80 km south-west of Postmasburg, features houses a replica of a Paterson biplane, which a 100-m high dune of brilliant white sand. It was used for pilot training by the flying school stretches for about nine km and is about two km operated by the Paterson Aviation Syndicate at wide. Alexandersfontein. A township tour of Galeshewe provides a fresh Green Kalahari perspective on South Africa’s socio-historical The Roaring Sands site on the farm Doornaar realities. Pan African Congress founder Robert near Groblershoop is a popular tourist attraction. Sobukwe’s house is there. Its high sand dunes, surrounded by typically red The Magersfontein Battlefield outside Kimber- Kalahari dunes, are said to “roar” when the wind ley, with its original trenches and other defences blows. intact, is the site of the Boers’ crushing defeat of Along the hand-built irrigation canals at Kaka- the British during the Siege of Kimberley. mas 11 waterwheels are still used. Kanoneiland is A cultural centre at Wildebeestkuil outside a settlement on the biggest island in the Orange Kimberley features !Xun and Khwe artwork for River. At Keimoes, the Orange River flows at its sale and a tour of rock engravings by these widest. indigenous people. The Tierberg Nature Reserve offers spectacular Barkley West attracts many water-sports views of the Keimoes Valley and the many islands enthusiasts and anglers. Tucked along the in the Orange River. The original irrigation canal Vaal River near Barkley West lies the Vaalbos system is still in use. The Orange River Wine National Park. Cellar’s largest cellar is situated here. The park is not only home to large raptors, Kenhardt is the oldest town in the Lower but also a breeding centre for endangered Orange River area. The Quiver Tree Forest and African herbivores such as rhino, roan and sable Kokerboom Hiking Trail, consisting of between antelope and disease-free buffalo. 4 000 and 5 000 quiver trees, are within easy driving distance of the town. Kalahari Upington is the commercial, educational and At Black Rock, visitors can view a worked-out social centre of the Green Kalahari, owing its manganese mine. prosperity to agriculture and its irrigated lands Danielskuil lies at the foot of the Kuruman hills. along the Orange River. A camel-and-rider statue The Tswana people occupied the area before it in front of the town’s police station pays tribute became home to the Griquas. Boesmansgat, on to the “mounties,” who patrolled the harsh desert the farm Mount Carmel outside Danielskuil, is a territory on camels. unique natural sinkhole – the second-deepest Kalahari Desert Speedweek, in its third and largest of its kind in the world. year at the beginning of October 2014, is an Known as the “Oasis of the Kalahari,” Kuruman annual eight-day speed festival held in a far is blessed with a permanent and abundant source north-western corner of South Africa where of water that flows from Gasegonyana (Setswana tumbleweeds can roam for days nonstop and the for “the little water calabash”) – commonly called dried-up lake beds are tailor-made for top-speed the “Eye of Kuruman” – which yields 20 million exploration. It is a proper run-what-you-brung litres of water per day. motorsport event where anybody is welcome to Moffat’s Mission in Kuruman features the enter, and anything with an engine is eligible. house of missionary Robert Moffat, the church Over the years, the event has also become a he built, and several other historic buildings. meeting place for all sorts of eccentric machinery Moffat translated the Bible into Setswana – the and people. Expect anything from 1940s-vintage first African language in which the Bible was Nash sedans limping along in period-correct made accessible. The printing press on which he warbird liveries to finely tuned Italian exotics

397 Tourism humming at breakneck speeds, billowing dust by the local Nama people and South African clouds in tow. National Parks. The Orange River displays its impressive power at the Augrabies Falls in the Augrabies Upper Karoo (Bo-Karoo) Falls National Park. Visitors can hire canoes to Flanked by the Towerberg, Colesberg is one of ensure closer contact with the natural heritage the Northern Cape’s most beautiful towns. The surrounding the world’s sixth-largest waterfall. town features one of the country’s last working The Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park comprises horsemills. An Anglo-Boer/South African War 38 000 m2 of land, making it one of the largest tour is also on offer. A weekend tour includes a conservation areas in the world. Straddling the visit to the Norvals-pont prisoner-of-war camp Green Kalahari and Botswana, the park is a and cemetery. two-million-hectare sanctuary for various raptors, Colesberg has bred many of the country’s top antelope, gemsbok, springbok, blue wildebeest, Merino sheep. It is also renowned for producing red hartebeest, eland, Kalahari lion, black-maned high-quality racehorses. lion, brown and spotted hyena, leopard, cheetah, De Aar is the most important railway junction and smaller game, including mongoose, in South Africa. The author Olive Schreiner lived porcupine and the endangered honey badger. in the town for many years. Visitors can dine in her former house, which has been converted Namaqualand into a restaurant. The Namas are the indigenous people of Hanover is known for its handmade shoes Namaqualand. Their traditional Nama reed and articles made mostly from sheepskin and huts still abound in Leliefontein, Nourivier leather. and Steinkopf. Namaqualand is famous for a The “Star of South Africa” diamond was spectacular annual show in spring when an discovered at Hopetown. The town also features abundance of wild flowers covers vast tracts an old toll house and a block house dating from of desert. The flowers sprout and survive for a the Anglo-Boer/South African War. brief period before they wilt and disappear in At Wonderdraai near Prieska, visitors can see the blistering heat and dry conditions just as the horseshoe-shaped island formed by the flow suddenly as they appeared. The small town of of the Orange River. It seems as if the river turns Garies is the centre for those setting out to enjoy to flow uphill. this show of exuberance in the Kamiesberg. Vanderkloof, built to house the people building After diamonds were discovered along the the Vanderkloof Dam, was turned into a flouri- West Coast in 1925, Alexander Bay has become shing holiday resort. Visitors can enjoy water- known for its mining activities. The town is no skiing, boardsailing, boating and swimming, or longer a high-security area and no permits are visit the Eskom Hydro-electric Power Station needed to enter. The Alexkor Museum paints a within the dam’s wall. The rare riverine rabbit is picture of the history of the area. The town also found in the Victoria West Nature Reserve. features the world’s largest desert lichenfield, which has some 26 species. Hantam Karoo At Hondeklip Bay, visitors can dive for crayfish Near Brandvlei lies Verneukpan where Sir and watch the local fisherfolk conduct their Malcolm Campbell unsuccessfully attempted to trade. Port Nolloth is a centre for the small-scale break the world land-speed record in 1929. diamond-recovery and crayfish industries. It is Carnarvon is well known for its corbelled the only holiday resort on the Diamond Coast. dome-roofed houses built of flat stones because The local factory sells fish and crayfish in season. of a lack of wood. Set in a narrow valley bisecting the granite The floors of these interesting houses were domes of the Klein Koperberge lies Springbok. smeared and coloured with a rich red mixture of South of Springbok, near Kamieskroon, lies fat and oxblood and polished with smooth stone. the Skilpad Wild Flower Reserve, part of the A few kilometres outside Fraserburg lies the Namaqua National Park, which captures the full Gansfontein Palaeosurface. Discovered in 1968, it grandeur of the flower season. The 1 000 ha comprises several trackways of large, four-footed reserve is open only during the flower season. and five-toed mammalian reptiles. The prints are The Goegap Nature Reserve comprises estimated to be some 190 million years old. 15 004 ha of typically granite, rocky hills and Sutherland, birthplace of NP van Wyk Louw, sandy flats. The reserve also offers a 4x4 trail, as well-known Afrikaans author and poet, is also well as several hiking and mountain-biking trails. known for its brilliant night skies and cold, biting Namaqualand is also home to the Ais-Ais/ winters. Richtersveld National Park. It is managed jointly The South African Astronomical Observatory’s

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observation telescopes, including the Southern The research library contains an extensive African Large Telescope (Salt), are in Sutherland. collection of Africana. The sterboom (star tree), which blossoms in The Old Presidency dates back to 1885 and September, is found only in Sutherland. was the official residence of three presidents of The Tankwa Karoo National Park, on the the former Republic of the Orange Free State. southern border of the Northern Cape, 70 km It houses a museum depicting their respective west of Sutherland, encompasses the Succulent terms of office, and is a cultural centre for art Karoo Biome, the world’s only arid hotspot, exhibitions, theatrical productions and musical stretches 116 000 km² from the southwestern events. Cape into southern Namibia. The Observatory Theatre in Bloemfontein’s The landscape offers seasonal contrasts Game Reserve is a unique attraction. Naval of coloured wild flowers and stark desert, Hill is the biggest game reserve completely set against the backdrop of the Roggeveld surrounded by a city. Bloemfontein hosts the Escarpment to the east, Klein Roggeveld to Mangaung African Cultural Festival, popularly the south and the Cederberg to the west. Its known as the Macufe Arts Festival, in September extensive desert plateaus are ideal for viewing every year. The Sand du Plessis Theatre and Art game such as gemsbok, Cape mountain zebra, Gallery at Oliewenhuis are also worth visiting. springbuck and bustards. Botshabelo (Place of Refuge), 45 km from Bloemfontein on the N8 road to Lesotho, is Free State believed to be the largest township settlement in The Free State lies in the heart of South Africa, the Free State – and the second-largest in South with the Kingdom of Lesotho nestling in the Africa after Soweto. hollow of its bean-like shape. Nearby, the town of Thaba Nchu features Between the Vaal River in the north and the luxury hotels and a casino, with the Maria Orange River in the south, this rolling prairie Moroka Nature Reserve surrounding Thaba stretches as far as the eye can see. Nchu Sun and the Setlogelo Dam. This central region is characterised by rolling fields of wheat, sunflowers and maize, and forms Xhariep the principal bread basket of South Africa. Bethulie used to be a London Missionary Society station. The original mission buildings still stand. Motheo The Pellissier House Museum depicts the With its King’s Park Rose Garden containing history of the area. There is an Anglo-Boer/ more than 4 000 rose bushes, the Free State’s South African War concentration camp cemetery major city, Bloemfontein, has rightfully earned in Bethulie. the nickname “City of Roses.” The city also hosts The Gariep Dam, more than 100-km long and an annual rose festival. 15 km wide, is part of the Orange River Water The Eerste Raadsaal (First Parliament Scheme, the largest inland expanse of water Building), built in 1849 as a school, is Bloemfon- in South Africa. Between the dam and Bethulie tein’s oldest surviving building. Still in its original is the Gariep Dam Nature Reserve. On the condition, this historical building is used as the southern side of the dam lies the Oviston Nature seat of the Provincial Legislature. Reserve. The National Afrikaans Literary Museum and Philippolis, the oldest town in the Free State, Research Centre has works by prominent Af- was founded as a London Missionary Society rikaans authors. Exhibits in the Afrikaans Music station in 1824. It was the first mission station in Museum and Theatre Museum (part of the the province. centre) include old musical instruments, sheet Trompsburg is the hub of the Free State Merino music, costumes, photographs and furniture. sheep-farming industry. The Tussen-die-Riviere The museum is notable for its wide collection Nature Reserve reputedly supports more game of fossils, cultural-historical exhibits and archae- than any other sanctuary in the Free State. ological displays, including the Florisbad Skull, A fountain near Koffiefontein was a favourite which was discovered in the 1930s at the resting place for transport riders in the 19th Florisbad Spring. century. In June 1870, one of these transport The National Women’s Memorial is a sand- riders picked up a diamond near the fountain. stone obelisk, 36,5 m high, which commem- This prompted a rush, and by 1882 Koffie- orates the women and children who died in fontein was a booming town with four mining concentration camps during the Anglo-Boer/ companies. South African War. Visitors get a glimpse of life in the concentration and prisoner-of-war camps.

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Thabo Mofutsanyana heritage and agricultural activities of the region. Snow-capped mountains and beautiful scenery The QwaQwa district is a traditional home provide a backdrop to this pristine area. to the Basotho people. The Basotho Cultural Clocolan is known for the beauty of its cherry Village in the QwaQwa Nature Reserve is a trees when they are in full bloom in spring. San living museum where visitors can witness the rock paintings and engravings are also found in Sotho traditions and lifestyle in the chief’s kraal. the area. Karakul carpets, mohair, wall hangings, copper, Clarens is often described as the “Jewel of the glassware and brass are made and sold at Free State,” owing to its exceptionally beautiful Phuthaditjhaba. The nearby Metsi Matsho and scenery. San paintings are found on farms in the Fika Patso dams are renowned for trout fishing. area. Welkom is known for its gold mines. It is also Close by, the Highlands Route meanders the only city in the country where traffic circles along the foothills of the Maluti Mountains and are used instead of traffic lights. follows the Lesotho border via Ladybrand and The world’s deepest wine cellar is at the St Helena Mine, which is 857 m below the ends at Zastron in the south. Earth’s surface. The town is known for the many arts and crafts Bothaville is regarded as the centre of shops, which offer the visitor a wide range of the Free State Maize Route. The Nampo curios and original artwork. Harvest Farm and Festival attracts more than Ficksburg is known for its asparagus and 20 000 visitors each year and is the second- cherry farms. Every November, a cherry festival largest private agricultural show in the world. is held there. The town is a gateway to the Bothaville also hosts the annual Food and Mountain Kingdom of Lesotho. “Witblits” festival, drawing visitors from all over Rosendal, surrounded by the Witte Mountains, South Africa. celebrated its centenary in 2011. The sandstone church in Kestell is possibly the The Golden Gate Highlands National Park, most impressive of all the Eastern Free State’s known for its impressive sandstone cliffs and sandstone buildings. Winburg is the oldest town rock formations, is a popular holiday destination. and first capital of the former Republic of the The bird watching mecca of Seekoeivlei Nature Orange Free State. The Voortrekker Museum Reserve near Memel constitutes a wetland with depicts the daily routine of the trekkers. A concen- Ramsar status, and is surrounded by private tration camp cemetery is situated close by. game and holiday farms. Sasolburg originated in 1954 with the establishment of Sasol, the synthetic fuel Lejweleputswa region producer. Parys, situated on the banks of the Bethlehem, which lies on the banks of the Vaal River, offers tourists a tranquil river retreat. Jordaan River, was founded by the Voortrekkers The nearby Vredefort Dome World Heritage in the 1840s. The banks of the Jordaan River Site was caused by the collision of a meteorite form part of the Pretoriuskloof Nature Reserve – a with the Earth many years ago. It is the only sanctuary for birds and small game. The museum world heritage site in the Free State. It features in Miller Street depicts the history of the area. unique fauna and flora, including 100 different Van Reenen’s Pass winds through the Drakens- plant species, more than 300 bird types and a berg, and was originally used by migrating herds variety of small mammals. of zebra, hartebeest, blesbok and wildebeest. Jukskei is the first indigenous game that has The Llandaff Oratory in the nearby village of Van developed to international participation. The Reenen is believed to be the smallest Roman Jukskei Museum in Kroonstad has over 3 500 Catholic church in the world. objects that depict the development of the game. At Harrismith, there are various memorials in Jagersfontein has the deepest man-made honour of those who fought in the Anglo-Boer/ hole in the world. The Excelsior diamond of 971 carats was found in this open-cast mine in 1893. South African War and World War I. Of particular Eagles nest against the cliffs of the mine. interest is a memorial for the Scots Guards and Grenadier Guards. Eastern Cape Platberg, the 2 394-m “flat mountain,” is the The main feature of the Eastern Cape is its town’s landmark. A well-known race, claimed by magnificent coastline. With its wide open sandy some to be the toughest in the country, is run beaches, secluded lagoons and towering cliffs. annually up, along and back down the mountain. Added to the diverse coastal experiences are Sterkfontein Dam is ideal for water sports and more than 60 state-owned game reserves and fishing. An open-water swimming race takes over 30 private game farms, which collectively place there annually. cover an area greater than the Kruger National The Riemland Museum in Heilbron depicts the Park.

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Amatola Mountain Region The entire region is the home of a major section The Amatola Mountains are famous for their of the isiXhosa-speaking southern Nguni (or scenery and history, and stretch from Adelaide Pondo) tribes. Brightly coloured examples of their in the east to Stutterheim in the west. With its beadwork, together with traditional pottery and lush forests and ancient battlefields, it is an basketry, can be bought from roadside vendors area steeped in Xhosa culture and early settler and at some trading posts. history. Visitors to the rural village of Qunu can view The dense forests of the Amatolas are a haven the childhood home of Mandela. In Mthatha, the for the endangered Cape parrot, and were also Nelson Mandela Museum tells the story of this home to the first dinosaur to be identified in great figure through a display reflecting the life South Africa, the Blinkwater Monster, a large and times of Mandela. fossilised reptile discovered near Fort Beaufort. Mandela received thousands of gifts from Outdoor enthusiasts enjoy Cathcart where presidents, groups and ordinary people. troutfishing, hiking, riding and bird watching are Accepted on behalf of the people of South Africa, among the attractions. The Amatole Hiking Trail they are in safekeeping at the museum for the is a well-known scenic, but strenuous, trail. benefit and appreciation of the nation. Artefacts The coastal city of Port Elizabeth is a superb range from children’s letters to bejewelled camel holiday destination offering a diverse mix of covers. eco-attractions. It also hosts the annual Buoy Coffee Bay is popular among surfers, anglers openwater swim and the Isuzu National Sailing and shell collectors. To the south is the Week held annually in April in Algoa Bay. prominent rock formation, the Hole in the The Red Location Museum of the People’s Wall. The local Xhosa people call this place Izi Struggle in New Brighton – winner of three interna- Khaleni (“Place of Thunder”). During high tide, tional awards – was designed to be a monument the waves break through the hole in such a way to South Africa’s struggle against apartheid and an that the concussion can be heard throughout integral part of community life in a township that the valley. acted as a crucible for the struggle. Bay World has an oceanarium and snake park, East Griqualand and many splendid museums. Within the city there East Griqualand is an area of great beauty, are some beautiful parks with well-landscaped featuring colourful, living history. Kokstad lies gardens. These include: St George’s Park, in the Umzimhlava River basin between Mount which covers 73 ha and houses the famous Port Currie and the Ngele Mountains. Elizabeth Cricket Club, the oldest bowling green The original town hall – built in 1910 – is a in South Africa; Prince Alfred’s Guard Memorial; national monument, now serving as the local the 1882 Victorian Pearson Conservatory; and library. The former library – built in 1907 – is also the 54-ha Settlers’ Park. a national monument and houses the Kokstad Tourists can also explore the Donkin Heritage Museum. Trail, take a ride on the famous Apple Express, The Weza State Forest runs through indige- and hike along the site of ancient shipwrecks on nous forests and commercial plantations. The the Sacramento Trail. At King William’s Town, forest is home to several antelope species and a tourists can visit the Amathole Missionary huge variety of birds. The southernmost portion Museum. The grave of the Black Consciousness of the Ukhahlamba Drakensberg World Heritage activist, Steve Biko, is also in the town. Site, the impressive Swartberg, Bokkiesberg, Other attractions include the Greater Addo Cedarberg and Ngele mountain ranges lie in Elephant National Park and game reserves; East Griqualand. the traditional healing village, Kaya Lendaba, Between Kokstad and Matatiele, the hamlet bird watching; air tours; canoeing; various of Cedarville provides tranquil canoe-borne mountain-bike and horse-riding trails; and excursions into its surrounding, water-filled organised outdoor excursions. hollows. Steam-train journeys can be undertaken between Swartberg and Creighton. Wild Coast Since Portuguese mariners first pioneered Karoo the sea route around the Cape to India, this The vast plains of the Karoo have an air of notorious coast has claimed countless ships. grandeur, and its many picturesque towns are Southern right and humpback whales and their calves are regularly spotted from the high steeped in history. dunes, usually between May and November, The Owl House in Nieu-Bethesda displays while common and bottlenose dolphins are the creative talent of the late Helen Martins. often seen close to shore. Statues of mermaids, wise men, camels, owls

401 Tourism and churches create a wonderland in the crafts people fuse in a celebration of creative garden. All the artworks were created with energy. Other attractions include various broken bottles, bits of mirror and cement. museums and historical buildings, the oldest More than 200 houses in Graaff-Reinet post box in South Africa, botanical gardens, the have been restored to their original Victorian cathedrals of St Michael and St George, nature appearance, and proclaimed national monu- reserves and hiking trails. Situated north-east ments. The Old Library Museum houses the of Grahamstown, the Great Fish River Reserve Lex Bremner Fossil Collection of Karoo reptile consists primarily of valley bushveld habitat and fossils and a collection of Khoi and San art is surrounded by tribal land and commercial reproductions. Urquhart House has a popular game reserves and farms. genealogical research centre. The reserve has abundant wildlife such as Almost 50 km south-west of Graaff-Reinet is white rhino, giraffe, waterbuck, Cape buffalo, the Kalkkop Crater, which is of major scientific hippo, kudu, springbok and eland. importance. There are several historic forts and remains To the north-west of Graaff-Reinet lies the from the frontier wars located in the area. Valley of Desolation. A steep and narrow road East London, which forms part of the Nelson leads into the mountains that surround the Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, is South valley. Africa’s only river port city. It was originally The Valley of Desolation is a national established as a supply port to serve the monument within the Karoo Nature Reserve, colonial British military headquarters at King and was formed millions of years ago by William’s Town. The East London Aquarium weathering erosion. houses approximately 400 different marine and freshwater species. The museum depicts the The first evidence of the presence of dinosaurs natural environment and rich heritage of the in South Africa can be viewed at Maclear. region. Best known for the prehistoric coelacanth, The Mountain Zebra National Park is a haven the museum also displays reconstructions of the for the Cape mountain zebra species, which at extinct dodo of Mauritius, along with the only one time inhabited most of the Cape. The park extant dodo egg in the world. saved these animals from extinction and their The Baviaanskloof Wilderness Area is the population stands at about 300. largest of the inland protected areas and Other species found in the park include provides opportunities to visit fynbos-covered various antelope such as eland, the African mountains on foot or in off-road vehicles. There wildcat, bat-eared fox, and more than 200 bird is a fascinating shell collection at the Shell species, including the pale-winged starling, the Museum at Kei Mouth. booted eagle and the blue crane. Tsitsikamma N6 Route This region, stretching from Plettenberg Bay to This route runs from Bloemfontein to East London. Jeffreys Bay, is renowned for its dense forests, Popular attractions include the slopes of the majestic mountains and deep river gorges. It Tiffindell Ski Resort and the trout-filled streams, forms the eastern end of the Garden Route. as well as the many caves adorned with ancient The word tsitsikamma is derived from the rock art. Several historic towns can be found in Khoekhoen words tse-tsesa meaning “clear,” the region, including Smithfield, Barkly East, Lady and gami meaning “water.” South Africa’s first Grey, Elliot, Aliwal North, Burgersdorp, Queens- marine park, the Tsitsikamma National Park, town and Rhodes where a high-altitude cold swim extends along a rocky coastline of 50 km, and was held in 2013 and 2014. three km out to sea. Sunshine Coast Inland, adventure-seekers will find deep The Sunshine Coast comprises miles of unspoilt, gorges and temperate evergreen forests criss- sun-drenched beaches. Port Alfred lies at the crossed by six hiking trails, including the five-day mouth of the Kowie River. Coastal hills are home Otter Trail. The varied wildlife includes dolphins to the oribi – a small territorial buck that was and whales, caracal, genet, chacma baboon, recently near extinction. dassie and mongoose. Prominent bird species in Inland, Grahamstown is sometimes referred the area are the African black oystercatcher, the to as the “City of Saints,” because of the more orange-breasted sunbird, the Nerina trogon and than 40 churches in the town. It is also known the colourful Knysna loerie. A lucky few may catch for the National Arts Festival, which is held a glimpse of the rare Cape clawless otter, after annually. During the festival, Grahamstown is which the Otter Trail is named. Another popular transformed into a dedicated arts venue where adventure is a black-water tubing experience on performers, visual artists, audiences, writers and the Storms River.

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Limpopo Vhembe district The Limpopo landscape is made up of dramatic The Mapungubwe archaeological site, 80 km contrasts characterised by hot savanna plains west of Musina, lies within the boundaries of the and mist-clad mountains, age-old indigenous Mapungubwe National Park. It is one of the richest forests and cycads alongside modern planta- of its kind in Africa and a World Heritage Site. tions, ancient mountain fortresses and the luxury Excavations in the 1930s uncovered a of contemporary infrastructure and modern-day royal graveyard, which included a number of facilities. golden artefacts, including the famous gold-foil Steeped in history, Limpopo celebrates a rich rhinoceros. cultural heritage, and at many archaeological The Schoemansdal Voortrekker Town and sites the mysteries of the past and ancient Museum, west of Makhado, is built on the site of peoples are still being unearthed. an original Voortrekker village and depicts their Much of the land, particularly in the Kruger lifestyle between 1848 and 1852. National Park and other game and nature Also worth visiting is the Big Tree in the reserves, is unspoilt, and provides sanctuary to Mutale Municipality, the Tshatshingo potholes, large numbers of game. the mystical lake of Dzivhafundudzi and the holy forest and waterfalls at Phiphidi. Waterberg The Nylsvley Nature Reserve has one of the Mopani district greatest concentrations of waterfowl and The Lekgameetse Nature Reserve in the northern bushveld birds in South Africa. More than foothills of the Drakensberg is part of the Cloud 400 species frequent the area. The Mokopane Mountain Biosphere. This 18 000 ha nature vicinity has several nature reserves. reserve is well known for its abundant butterflies. The Arend Dieperink Museum features a fine The Modjadji Nature Reserve, north of cultural-historical collection. Tzaneen, is named after the legendary Rain The Makapansgat Caves are notable for their Queen, Modjadji, who is believed to have settled fossils and the caves are being developed into in the area early in the 16th century. The reserve an archaeological site. Makapan Valley is an encompasses the world’s largest concentration of extension of the Cradle of Humankind World the cycad species Encephalartos transvenosus, Heritage Site. also known as the Modjadji cycad. The Thabazimbi district has a large concen- The Hans Merensky Nature Reserve and tration of private game reserves and is one of the Mineral Spa on the southern banks of the Great fastest-growing eco-tourism areas in the country. Letaba River supports a large variety of game. At The Marakele National Park is home to some the adjoining Tsonga Kraal Open-Air Museum, rare yellowwood and cedar trees and the world’s arts, crafts and traditional huts reflect the Tsonga largest colony of Cape vultures. lifestyle of 100 years ago. Bela Bela is known for its hot springs. There The Kruger National Park (northern section) are also a number of game reserves and leisure is home to a large number and wide variety resorts in the area. of amphibians, reptiles and birds, as well as The Waterberg range is rich in indigenous trees, 147 mammal species, including the Big Five. streams, springs, wetlands and birdlife. Cliffs Thulamela, in the northern part of the Kruger known as the “Palace of the Vultures” harbour a National Park, yielded the skeletons of two ancient large breeding colony of Cape vultures. royals and a multitude of artefacts, including gold Modimolle is the region’s main town. bangles, beads and a double gong. Capricorn district The Bakone Malapa Open-Air Museum outside Bohlabela district Polokwane is a traditional Northern Sotho kraal. On the way to the Kruger National Park, visitors Men and women practise traditional skills such can enjoy wildlife experiences at Manyeleti, as making baskets, clay pots, furniture and home to the Big Five. Adventurers can attempt utensils, and preparing hides. mountain climbing at the Mangwazi Nature Polokwane is considered the premier game- Reserve, enjoy the Mapulaneng Trail at Zoeknog hunting destination in South Africa. Polokwane and the Injaka Dam at Bushbuckridge. offers a variety of museums and art galleries, including the Bakone Malapa Museum, the Polokwane Museum and the Hugh Exton North West Photographic Museum. Zion City at Moria, near North West has several cultural villages that Polokwane, is the headquarters of the Zion entertain and enrich visitors. A number of game Christian Church, which attracts more than a reserves have been established, including the million pilgrims every Easter. Pilanesberg National Park, situated in the transition

403 Tourism zone between the Kalahari and the Lowveld. Cultural experiences in the area include the Home to the Big Five, the park offers a wide popular Mapoch and Gaabo Motho cultural variety of accommodation, is close to popular villages as well as the Ring Wagon Inn. attractions such as Sun City and only a two/ The Ann van Dyk Cheetah Centre (formely three-hour drive from Johannesburg. the De Wildt Cheetah Breeding and Research The park has an area of approximately Centre) specialises in breeding cheetah and 550 km², making it the fourth largest park in other endangered wildlife species. South Africa supporting more than 7 000 head Other places of interest include the Borakalalo of game and 350 bird species. Game Reserve, the Margaret Roberts Herb Farm and the Phaladingwe Nature Trail. Central district The historic route of Mahikeng includes an Bophirima district Anglo-Boer/South African War siege site, the The Taung Skull Fossil Site and Blue Pools Molema House where Sol Plaatje lived while are renowned for the Taung skull found in the writing his Mafikeng Diary, and the Mahikeng Buxton quarries. The Taung Skull Fossil Site is an Museum. extension of the Sterkfontein Fossil Hominid Site. The Lichtenburg Biodiversity Conservation This region is popular with adventure seekers Centre and the Botsalano Game Reserve are – especially those who enjoy 4x4 routes and well worth a visit. hunting farms. The Groot Marico region is known as mampoer country and visitors can explore the Rustenburg district Mampoer Route. The Kortkloof Cultural Village The 60 000 ha Madikwe Game Reserve is is dedicated to the Tswana people. home to 66 large mammal species. Over Other attractions include the Wondergat; 10 000 animals of 27 major species have been the Bosbult Monument, which commemorates reintroduced under Operation Phoenix. Hot-air a battle fought during the Anglo-Boer/South balloon trips, day and night game drives and African War; the Kaditshwene Iron Age Village bushwalks are available. Ruins; and various hiking trails. The reserve has the second-largest elephant Ottosdal is in the centre of North West and was population in South Africa and guests are established as a Dutch Reformed Church parish assured of sighting not only the Big Five but on the farm Korannafontein in 1913 and named also the elusive cheetah and endangered wild after its owner, GP Otto. It is the only place in dog. South Africa where the unique “wonderstone,” Sun City and the Palace of the Lost City are or pyrophyllite, is found and mined. The annual very popular tourist attractions, offering gamb- agricultural show in Ottosdal is one of the oldest ling, golf, extravaganza shows, watersport and in the province. an artificial beach. There are various hiking trails Trenches and cemeteries dating from the in the region. The Heritage Route starts at the Anglo-Boer/South African War can be found on Sterkfontein Caves World Heritage Site and the farms Gestoptefontein and Driekuil. In the ends at Pilanesberg. Garden of Remembrance are graves of soldiers killed during the war. The Old Farmhouse built Southern district in 1910 houses a unique African collection. The The OPM Prozesky Bird Sanctuary in Potchef- Old Water Mill built around 1860 is a national stroom has over 200 bird species and is situated monument. adjacent to the Mooi River. The Ottosdal Night Race is organised in The Oudorp Hiking Trail takes visitors through conjunction with the Diamond Marathon Club. the old part of Klerksdorp where 12 Voortrekker The event consists of 42,2km, 21,1km,10km families settled. races and a 5-km fun run. Other attractions in the region include the Po- San rock engravings, Stone Age implements tchefstroom Lakeside Resort, the Faan Meintjies and structures are found on farms such as Nature Reserve in Klerksdorp, mine tours at Witpoort, Gestoptefontein, Driekuil and Koranna- Orkney, the Diggers Route at Wolmaransstad fontein. and the Bloemhof Dam Nature Reserve.

Eastern district Mpumalanga Hartbeespoort Dam is a popular spot for Mpumalanga – “The Place Where the Sun Rises” weekend outings, breakfast runs and yachting. – epitomises every traveller’s dream of the true The Hartbeespoort Reptile and Animal Park is African experience. Located in the north-eastern on the banks of the dam. part of South Africa, the province is bordered

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by Mozambique to the east and the Kingdom of Graskop is characterised by striking rock formations Swaziland to the south and east. and a rich diversity of plants. Within the reserve, The climate and topography vary from cool the Bourke’s Luck potholes were formed by river highland grasslands at 1 600 m above sea level, erosion and the action of flood water. through the Middleveld and escarpment, to the The Blyde River Canyon is a 26-km-long subtropical Lowveld towards the Kruger National gorge carved out of the face of the escarpment, Park and many private game reserves. and is one of the natural wonders of Africa. Scenic beauty, climate and wildlife, voted the The canyon is the third-largest in the world, most attractive features of South Africa, are the only green canyon, and hosts three rivers found in abundance in this province. Attractions that feed the Blydepoort Dam at Swadini. range from game viewing and bird watching to God’s Window provides a magnificent pano- scenic drives across the valleys and peaks of ramic view across miles of densely forested the vast Drakensberg escarpment, and include mountains, the green Lowveld and the canyon. agritourism, industrial and adventure tourism The Blyderivierspoort Hiking Trail is one of and cultural experiences. the most popular in the country. The southern Historical sites and cultural villages, old section of the Kruger National Park, which is a wagon routes and monuments mark events and major tourist attraction, falls within this region. characters who passed this way in search of Kaapsehoop is a historical village known for adventure and wealth. the wild horses that frequent the district. Blue Ndebele bead work and wall-painting in the swallows are regular visitors from September to north-west, the arts and crafts of the Lowveld. April. The different traditional villages throughout the The Lydenburg Museum is in the Gustav province offer a unique insight into the people’s Klingbiel Reserve, which is the site of archaeo- history and cultures. logical ruins from the Later Iron Age. The Lydenburg Heads, human-like masks Mbombela dating back to 500 AD, were discovered in this Mbombela is the capital of Mpumalanga and area. the commercial and administrative hub of the Sabie is the centre of the largest man-made Lowveld. forest in South Africa and a popular destination The Mbombela Historical Trail is an hour-long among mountain bikers. walking route stretching from the Promenade The Cultural Historical Forestry Museum Centre to the Civic Centre. depicts various aspects of the country’s forestry The Blue Train runs between Pretoria and industry. The Bridal Veil, Horseshoe and Lone Mbombela on a chartered route called the Valley Creek waterfalls, and Mac Mac pools and falls of the Olifants Route. Rovos Rail trains also just outside Sabie are well worth a visit. travel to Mbombela. The 69-km Prospector’s Trail starts at the Mac The Green Heritage Hiking Trail in the Mac Forest Station and leads to the Bourke’s Mbombela Nature Reserve is one of several walks Luck potholes. in the reserve and one of many in the region. At the Montrose Falls in Schoemanskloof, the Not to be missed is the Lowveld Botanical Crocodile River cascades 12 m into a series Garden, as well as the Reptile Park, the Sudwala of rock pools. It is also the starting point of the Caves and the PR Owen Dinosaur Park. annual Lowveld Crocodile Canoe Marathon, The tranquil town of White River to the north held in February. of Mbombela is well known as an artist’s haven Pilgrim’s Rest is a living museum and a replica of the early gold-mining town. The Alanglade and a gateway to the Kruger National Park. House Museum offers guided tours of the former Rottcher Wineries have taken advantage of the mine manager’s house, while the Diggings area’s prime production of oranges to make a Museum just outside the town arranges guided truly unique wine, which has been a hallmark of tours of gold-panning activities. the area for over 50 years. This area was the setting for Jock of the Bushveld, the novel by Sir Percy Fitzpatrick Panorama about the experiences of a man and his dog as Barberton features many reminders of the early they shared adventures in the world of African gold-rush era. Museums include Belhaven, gold mining. The Dredzen Shop Museum Fernlea House and Stopforth House. The only features a range of items in use nearly a century known verdite deposits in the world are found in ago. the rocks of the Barberton district. The annual Mount Sheba Nature Reserve, south of Diggers Festival is held in September. Pilgrim’s Rest, is best known for its indigenous The Blyderivierspoort Nature Reserve near forest – one of few left in the region.

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Highlands Meander Gauteng The Highlands Meander is a mecca for fly- Gauteng, the “Place of Gold,” is the commercial fishers. It is in the placid and pristine waters of powerhouse of the country, but its offerings this region that one finds various stocks of fish, are not limited to commerce and industry. with trout as the major draw card. Anchored by the cities of Johannesburg and At the Verloren Vlei and Steenkampsberg Pretoria, Gauteng provides plenty in the way of nature reserves at Dullstroom one can get a rare entertainment through its network of upmarket glimpse of the endangered blue, wattled and shopping malls, casinos, street markets, crowned cranes. theatres, restaurants, museums and parks. The Loskop Dam Nature Reserve offers game Gauteng is characterised by a cosmopolitan watching, boating and fishing. Many hiking trails mix of people from all walks of life. The province’s are available, such as the Elandskrans Trail, unique cultural and social legacy is evident from which includes a 30-minute train ride between the many excellent museums, theatres, cultural Waterval-Boven and Waterval-Onder. precincts and craft markets. Although Gauteng is the most populated, Cultural Heartland built-up and industrialised province, it still Visitors to the Cultural Heartland can immerse has natural areas offering a variety of leisure themselves in the true cultural heritage of activities such as day hikes, picnic spots and Mpumalanga. Here, one can learn about the sports activities. proud and welcoming Ndebele people, revered The Vaal Dam, which supplies water to most of for the striking and colourful geometric patterns Gauteng’s residents, covers some 300 km2 and on their houses, clothing and beadwork. is a popular venue for watersports. Numerous This region also has illuminating historical resorts line the shore. The dam also attracts sites such as the Botshabelo Historical Village, diverse bird species. near Middelburg. Tourism attractions in and around the Cradle of Humankind have grown to more than 380, Cosmos Country with over half of these offering graded accommo- Cosmos Country covers parts of what is known dation. as the energy belt of Mpumalanga, which is The broader 47 000 ha Cradle of Humankind home to a number of power stations. This site has many caves, the most famous of which region also has the world’s largest underground are the Sterkfontein caves. coal-mining complex and the Sasol plant that is In 1999, Sterkfontein and its environs were renowned for its oil-from-coal technology. The declared a World Heritage Site. About 40% carpet of cosmos flowers that blossom in late of all the world’s human ancestor fossils have summer lures visitors to this region. been found here, including several of the world’s most famous and important fossils. A further 500 Wild Frontier hominid fossils and more than 9 000 stone tools Various archaeological discoveries dating back have been excavated in the area during ongoing almost three billion years were made in the work. The famous skull of Mrs Ples, an estimated imposing mountains of this region. Visitors 2,5-million-year-old hominid fossil, and Little can enjoy a rare glimpse of the San paintings Foot, an almost complete hominid skeleton embossed in some rocks. The region also some 3,3 million years old, were discovered at holds rich historical sentiments centred on the the Sterkfontein Caves near Krugersdorp. monument of the late Mozambican President The Krugersdorp Game Reserve provides Samora Machel, constructed in the village of sanctuary for several game species, including Mbuzini. four of the Big Five. The African Fauna and Bird Park houses various species of wildlife and birds. Grass and wetlands A team of Lippizaner stallions performs Grass and wetlands are a paradise with their every Sunday at the South African National variety of bird species. This region stretches Horsemanship Centre in Kyalami. across the deep valleys and mountains of The Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden the east where thermal springs bubble to the has a 70 m-high waterfall and a breeding pair surface. There are 270 pans and lakes within of black eagles. a 20km radius of Lake Chrissie. In this region, Forty kilometres north of Pretoria is a ring of hills visitors can take part in the unusual “frogging a kilometre in diameter and 100 m high. These expedition” or simply gaze at the stars during are the walls of the Tswaing Meteorite Crater left “star-gazing weekends.” by an asteroid that hit the area some 200 000 years ago. There is a museum adjacent to this

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site. The crater is covered with indigenous trees founded in 1964 and houses an historical and bushes, which attract a variety of bird life. collection of various modes of land transport The old mining town of Cullinan has developed used in South Africa, dating back 400 years. around the Premier Diamond Mine. The mine The South African Museum of Military History has produced some of the world’s most famous holds an impressive collection of weaponry and diamonds, including the Cullinan Diamond, the uniforms from the two world wars. world’s largest at 3 106 carats. The two-bedroom house where Mandela lived before his incarceration has been declared a Johannesburg national monument and converted into a museum. The Adler Museum of the History of Medicine The Walter Sisulu Square in Kliptown, Soweto, depicts the history of medicine, dentistry and is the place where the Freedom Charter was pharmacy in South Africa. The Pharmacy Museum signed in 1955. The Kliptown Project comprises in Melrose houses a large variety of medicines, a hotel, the Kliptown Museum, retail outlets, including more than 670 traditional medicines that restaurants and offices. have been collected throughout southern Africa. Soweto is a popular tourist destination. No tour Newtown is at the heart of initiatives to of Soweto would be complete without a visit to revitalise the inner city of Johannesburg. Here, the Hector Petersen Museum, which commem- visitors will find the renowned Market Theatre, orates the people who died during the Student jazz bars, dance studios and artists’ communes Uprising of 16 June 1976. among museums, libraries and other places of The Nelson Mandela Foundation’s Centre historic interest. of Memory is open to the public as a place of The Absa Money Museum lies in downtown memory-sharing and reflection on the life and Johannesburg. Historical records stretch all the times of Nelson Mandela. way back to the beginnings of Johannesburg, At the Lesedi Cultural Village in the Swartkops and displays ranges from fairly early money hills north of Johannesburg visitors can families forms, like cowrie shells and Venetian glass of different cultural groupings. It features four beads, through to gold coins recovered from traditional homesteads where visitors can sunken ships. The scientific study of money spend the night with a family of their choice. The and its history, or Numismatics, is the essence Phumangena Zulu Kraal is home to traditional of the museum’s displays. Zulu people living and working there. The Nelson Mandela Bridge is a landmark The Melville Koppies in Johannesburg was gateway into Newtown. It is the largest cable- once the site of a Stone Age African village and stayed bridge in southern Africa. iron-smelting works. Flora include 80% of the Museum Africa in Newtown tells the story of species recorded on the Witwatersrand. It is life in South Africa from the Stone Age to the open to the public from September to April. Nuclear Age and beyond. The Market Theatre complex comprises three Pretoria theatres, an art gallery, restaurants and pubs. A variety of historical buildings is found in A bronze statue of the champion of passive the city, such as the Union Buildings, which resistance, Mahatma Gandhi, can be seen in the celebrated its centenary in 2013. Designed by city centre. Sir Herbert Baker, construction started in 1910 Gold Reef City is a theme park based on and was completed in 1913. It has since been Johannesburg during the gold-rush era. the setting for the presidential inauguration of The Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg is former President Nelson Mandela in 1994, as a state-of-the-art tribute to the rise and fall of well as those of Thabo Mbeki on 16 June 1999, apartheid, with 22 exhibition areas that take and 27 April 2004, and of Jacob Zuma on 9 May the visitor on an emotional journey through the 2009, and 24 May 2014. It is also the setting of state-sanctioned system of apartheid. many national celebrations, including Women’s Constitution Hill features the impressive Day, and Freedom Day. In December 2013 a building housing South Africa’s Constitutional bronze statue of former President Mandela was Court, which offers visitors the chance to view unveiled at the Union Buildings. the fort, the so-called native gaol, the women’s Church Square is built around a statue of gaol and the awaiting-trial block. the former President of the Zuid-Afrikaansche A large, well-established park surrounds Zoo Republiek, Paul Kruger, and includes buildings Lake, which breeding bird colonies frequent. such as the Old Raadsaal and the Palace of Other attractions include jazz concerts, rowing Justice. boats for hire, a tea garden and a restaurant. Ten minutes’ drive from Church Square is The James Hall Museum of Transport was Freedom Park, which commemorates the

407 Tourism country’s political history. Once completed, the well-watered valleys, washed by the warm Indian 35 ha site will comprise a garden of remem- Ocean. One of the country’s most popular tourist brance, a museum, and statues and sculptures destinations, the province stretches from Port to honour South Africans who contributed to the Edward in the south to the borders of Swaziland country’s freedom and development. and Mozambique to the north. The Kruger House Museum contains the History-filled towns lead to adventure sports personal belongings of President Kruger. and game viewing, along with outlets for unique Melrose House is a beautiful example of arts and crafts. Victorian architecture. The Peace Treaty of Vereeniging, which ended the Anglo-Boer War/ Durban and surroundings South African War, was signed there in 1902. The city of Durban, overlooking Africa’s busiest Demonstrations at the Pioneer Open-Air seaport, is warm and inviting. It is not only South Museum include milking, butter- and candle- Africa’s domestic tourism leader, but is also making, bread baking and coffee-bean popular among visitors from throughout Africa grinding. and the rest of the world who seek a unique blend Other museums include the South African of vibrance, sophistication, cultural diversity and Air Force Museum, Police Museum, Coert excitement in a beautiful setting. Steynberg Museum and the Transvaal Museum The Golden Mile skirts the main beaches of the of Natural History. Indian Ocean. Attractions include an amusement The Voortrekker Monument commemorates centre, paddling pools, paved walkways and the Great Trek. Some 260 steps lead to the fountains. dome, where spectacular views of the city can The uShaka Marine World has a theme park, oceanarium, dolphinarium and oceanographic be enjoyed. research institute. It is home to a wide variety Fort Schanskop has been refurbished and has of sea life, including sharks, dolphins and a 375-seat amphitheatre. seals. One of its main attractions is the long The Sammy Marks Museum near Pretoria lane of shops and the multitude of restaurants, dates from 1885. Rooms in the house are filled especially those in the old wreck (a replica of with Victorian paintings, furniture, silverware and a ship wreck in the centre of the park), and a porcelain. tourism information office at its entrance. Visitors can relax at the tea garden and The Durban area has more than 50 reserves, restaurant on the premises. developed parks and specialised gardens, the The General Smuts House Museum in Irene, most renowned being the Municipal Botanical south-east of Pretoria, contains the original Garden. Besides the botanical gardens, Mitchell furnishings of the Smuts family home. A popular Park is one of the most popular green spaces arts and crafts market is held there on every and includes an outdoor restaurant and a zoo, second Saturday of the month. plus a sizeable playground for children. The Rietvlei Nature Reserve is notable for MiniTown is a model city depicting Durban’s its grass types, herbs, large number of game best-known buildings. including rhino, hippo and many bird species. Museums include the Natural History Museum, The Mapoch Ndebele Village, north of Pretoria, the Natural Science Museum, the Old House is the first living cultural village in South Africa Museum and the Old Fort. One of the most owned and managed by its residents. intriguing museums is the Maritime Museum, Mamelodi is about 20 km from the city centre complete with two floating ships in the harbour. and features Solomon Mahlangu Square, which The Shree Ambalavaanar Alayam Temple is dedicated to this freedom fighter. (the Second River Temple) in Cato Manor was The Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum the first Hindu temple in Africa. It is a national outside Pretoria features a farmstead dating monument. from 1880. Traditional farming activities are The Juma Musjid Mosque is the largest demonstrated, and annual events include a mosque in the Southern Hemisphere. prickly-pear festival, a mampoer festival and the Annual events in and around the city include Agricultural Museum Show. the popular Comrades Marathon between The Pretoria National Botanical Garden Durban and Pietermaritzburg, an international houses the National Herbarium of South Africa, surfing competition, the Duzi canoe marathon, which is the largest in the Southern Hemisphere. the Midmar Mile and Dolphin Mile open-water swimming events, the July Handicap horse-race KwaZulu-Natal and the Amashova-shova cycle tour, as well as The garden province of South Africa, KwaZulu- the largest road race in the country – the Spar Natal, is a subtropical region of lush and Mercury Ladies 10-km Challenge.

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Umhlanga Rocks, just north of Durban, is beehive huts and the layout of the original Zulu notable for its ski-boating facilities and the village have been reproduced. Ski-Boat Festival held every April. The KwaZulu- Authentic Zulu villages such as Shakaland, Natal Sharks Board offers shark dissections Kwabhekithunga Kraal, Damazulu and Stewart’s and interesting displays. Guided tours of the Farm offer accommodation and the opportunity Hawaan Forest are also on offer. Hawaan is the to experience traditional Zulu culture. last relic of coastal forest in the region and has The iSimangaliso (isiZulu word meaning rare indigenous trees. “miracle”) Wetland Park is one of the jewels of The Umgeni River Bird Park overlooks the South Africa’s coastline, with a unique mosaic Umgeni River and ranks among the world’s of ecosystems – swamps, lakes, beaches, coral best bird sanctuaries. Walk-in aviaries hold reefs, wetlands, woodlands, coastal forests and many varieties of indigenous and exotic birds. grasslands – supporting diverse animal, bird and The maritime offices, which control the entry marine life. of ships into and out of the busiest port in It is South Africa’s third-largest park, spanning Africa, are in the Millennium Town at the end 280 km of coastline, from the Mozambican border of the Bluff. in the north to Mapelane, south of the St Lucia estuary, and made up of around 328 000 ha of North Coast pristine natural ecosystems – including swamps, Year-round frolicking dolphins and impressive lake systems, beaches, coral reefs, wetlands, seasonal whale migrations make the coastline woodlands and coastal forests. between the Umdloti and the Thukela rivers St Lucia and its surroundings comprise a aptly called the “Dolphin Coast.” The rarely seen globally important wetland and have five sepa- rate ecosystems. It is a fishing and bird watching larger humpback dolphins are also found here. paradise, and boat trips on the lake offer opportu- Many of the first Indian immigrants settled nities for crocodile and hippo sightings. St Lucia here, and the area’s markets, mosques and is the only town in the world that is surrounded temples give it an authentic Eastern flavour. by a natural world heritage area. Tongaat is an area where sugar was first The Kosi Bay Nature Reserve is part of the planted in 1854. The town’s Indian ambience is Coastal Forest Reserve between Mozambique accentuated by two prominent Hindu temples – and Sodwana Bay. The adjacent Indian Ocean the Juggernath Puri and Vishwaroop temples. provides exciting snorkelling and fishing oppo- Other towns along the Dolphin Coast include rtunities. On offer is a four-day guided walking Shaka’s Rock, Salt Rock, Ballito, Verulam, trail around the estuarine system. KwaDukuza, Darnall and Umdloti. uMkhuze is a small trade and transport centre. The Mkuze River cuts through the Ubombo Zululand and the Elephant Coast Mountains before serving as a natural boundary Zululand’s north-east quadrant – between for Zululand’s popular Mkuzi Game Reserve. Mozambique, Swaziland and the warm Indian The Border Cave, a site of immense archaeo- Ocean – has its own unique tale to tell. This logical interest on the border of Swaziland, now is the Elephant Coast or Maputaland, named also has an interpretation centre. after the mid-17th-century king who established Lake Sibaya is South Africa’s largest natural dominion here some 200 years before King freshwater lake, covering some 77 km2. Sibaya Shaka consolidated his Zulu empire to the south. Lake Lodge is the first South African ecotourism The Tembe Elephant Park in the far north is development jointly owned by private enterprise home to herds of the massive African elephant. and the local community. The Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park is one of South The coral reef in the Sodwana Bay National Africa’s largest game parks. Visitors should Park attracts hundreds of scuba-divers through- look out for the Big Five as well as the elusive out the year, and in summer, power boaters arrive cheetah and wild dog. for some of the best marlin fishing in the world. The eMakhosini Valley, birthplace of King Shaka, is known as “The Valley of Zulu Kings.” South Coast A joint public-private sector project aims to Amanzimtoti is popular for its safe swimming preserve the culture and history of the Zulu beaches and a variety of fun activities and people. This heritage park is near a nature attractions for the whole family. reserve that supports the Big Five of the animal The Hibiscus Coast stretches between Umko- kingdom. At the eMakhosini Memorial Site, maas and the Wild Coast. Margate is the largest seven Zulu kings are buried. resort town along this coast, and is very popular Umgungundlovu was once the royal capital during the holidays. The Hibiscus Festival is held of King Dingaan and was reconstructed. The there in July.

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The Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve encom- Drakensberg mountain range from Bushman’s passes forest, rivers, rapids and ravines. Birdlife, Neck in the south to the Royal KwaZulu-Natal including five kingfisher species and seven eagle National Park in the north. Peaks soar to over species, is prolific. There is also a variety of 3 000 m and are often snow-covered in winter. mammals and a 140-m abseil and gorge swing There are trout hatcheries in the Kamberg for adrenalin junkies. Reserve area and at Cathedral Peak. Port Edward offers safe swimming and good Lotheni Nature Reserve is notable for its trout fishing opportunities. Nearby, the Umthamvuna fishing facilities (angling permits are required). Nature Reserve is noted for its beautiful scenery, Relics of the area’s history have been preserved birdlife and many rare plant species. in the Settler Museum. The Shell Museum at Shelly Beach is well The Himeville Nature Reserve has two lakes worth a visit. Other popular coastal towns include stocked with trout. The nearby Swamp Nature Port Shepstone, Ramsgate, St Michael’s-on- Reserve attracts a variety of waterfowl, including Sea, Uvongo and Scottburgh. Nature’s annual the rare wattled crane. extravaganza – the unforgettable Sardine Run – The Ndedema Gorge in the Mdedelelo Wilder- strikes the South Coast around the end of June ness Area near Cathedral Peak has examples of every year, when people flock to the beaches Khoi and San art. and anglers await the arrival of the game fish Sani Pass is the only road across the high following the sardines. escarpment between KwaZulu-Natal and the Kingdom of Lesotho. The top section is only Pietermaritzburg and the Midlands passable in 4x4 vehicles. The Giant’s Cup Hiking Pietermaritzburg has various museums, includ- Trail, starting at the foot of the pass, is described ing the Msunduzi Museum that depicts the as one of South Africa’s finest. heritage of different cultural groups of KwaZulu- Giant’s Castle Game Reserve is especially Natal, a replica Hindu Shiva temple and a beautiful known for its more than 5 000 San paintings. herb garden, the Natal Museum and the Natal The Bushman Site Museum is worth a visit. Steam Railway Museum, which offers steam-train Royal Natal National Park offers many scenic rides on the second Sunday of every month. The highlights, including the Amphitheatre, Mont-aux- Tatham Art Gallery is also extremely popular. Sources and the Thukela Falls. The Albert Falls Public Resort Nature Reserve Battlefields and the Albert Falls Dam provide opportunities The KwaZulu-Natal Battlefields Route has the for sailing, canoeing and fishing. Bird watching, highest concentration of battlefields and related horse riding and hiking are also popular activities. military sites in South Africa. The Howick Falls are in the Nature Valley The Battlefields Route starts at Estcourt, Reserve, where the river tumbles 100 m in a winding north through Colenso and Ladysmith single fall. There are several climbing routes. to Newcastle and Volksrust, and eastwards to The Midlands Meander is a scenic drive Utrecht, Glencoe, Dundee, Nqutu, Paulpiet- between Hilton and Mooi River, with some 430 ersburg, Vryheid, Babanango and Ulundi. ports of call en route, ranging from art studios, All the towns along the route have their own potters and painters, to herb gardens and cheese unique charm and range of attractions: arts and makers. crafts, scenic hiking trails, farm resorts, Zulu Midmar Dam is zoned for yachting and culture and roadside stalls. Game viewing, natural power-boating. The 1 000 ha Midmar Game Park hot springs, horse trails and watersports can also is inhabitated by rhino, zebra, a wide variety of be enjoyed. The Chelmsford Nature Reserve near antelope species and waterfowl. The popular Newcastle is a birdwatcher’s paradise. Power- yearly Midmar Mile attracted 18 000 swimmers boating and carp fishing are added attractions. in 2013. Game includes springbok, zebra, rhino and blesbok. Majuba Hill and O’Neill’s Cottage are Drakensberg other interesting places to visit. The mountainous “Barrier of Spears” uKhahl- The Ladysmith Siege Museum provides insight amba-Drakensberg Park World Heritage Site, into the battles of Colenso, Spioenkop, Vaalkrans adorned with Stone Age cave paintings, forms and Tugela Heights. Museum staff arrange guided the north-western border of KwaZulu-Natal. The tours to nearby battlefields such as Wagon Hill. entire area is a bird sanctuary, featuring, among Other attractions include the statue of Gandhi, other species, the endangered bearded vulture. the All Saints Church, the Soofi Mosque and the The highest concentration of walks and trails in Spioenkop Dam and Nature Reserve. South Africa is found here. The uKhahlamba- Near Dundee, tourists can visit various battle- Drakensberg Park consists of almost the entire fields, including Ncome-Blood River, Isandlwana,

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Rorke’s Drift and Talana. The Talana Museum depicts various facets of the coal industry, and local Zulu, Boer and British history. Rorke’s Drift was the setting for one of the most famous battles of the war. The main attraction is the Rorke’s Drift Battle Museum.

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