Power- and machine-electronics 1914-1966

Citation for published version (APA): Wyk, van, J. D. (1966). Power- and machine-electronics 1914-1966: a selected bibliography and review on the electronic control of electrical machines. South African Institute of Electrical Engineers.

Document status and date: Published: 01/01/1966

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Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

KELVIN HOUSE P.O. BOX 61019 2, HOLLAAD STAEET MARSHALLTOWN JOHANNESBURG TRANSVAAL TRANSVAAL REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

POWER- AND MACHINE-ELECTRONICS 1914-1966

"A selected bibliography and review on the electronic control of electrical machines" By J. D. van Wyk, formerly with the Group on Electromechanical Energy Conversion, Techno­ logica! University, Eindhoven, Netherlands, and at present with the Group on Automation, The South African Iron and Steel lndustrial Corporation, Ltd., Vanderbijlpark.

85 pages: 21 x 27 cm, 1 099 items entered, 20 figures.

This bibliography has been compiled by the author in the course of several years of research work at the Technological University Eindhoven, Netherlands. The purpose was to collect the relevant information from all available sourees published from the turn of the century to 1966. A second volume covering the literature from 1966 to 1970 is in preparation.

Brief summary of contents:

Historica! notes and evaluation. Classification of the fields of power-electranies and machine-electronics. List of journals cited in the bibliography. Bi bliog ra ph i cal i nformation, classified systematically. Alphabetical author index.

The bibliographical information has been arranged chronologically within each defined systematic class. This facilitates retrieval and gives an indication of the subject development.

Copies of the Bibliography can be obtained from the lnstitute at the above address. Price: R4.00 per copy postage paid. Remittances to be in South African Currency.

IN CE 28058 11/70 THE SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

P.O. BOX 61019 KELVIN HOUSE MARSHALLTOWN 2, HOLLAAD STREET TRANSVAAL JOHANNESBURG REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA TRANSVAAL REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

POWER· AND MACHINE· ELECTRONlOS 1914 -1966

A selected bibliography and review on the electronic control of electrica/ machines

By

J. D. Van Wyk*

* Formerly with the Group on Electromechanical Energy Conversion, Technological University Eindhoven, Netherlands, and at present with the Group on Automation, lscor, Vanderbylpark. CONTENTS

1 Summary 5

2 lntroductory remarks 5

3 Historical notes 5 4 Classification of the fields of power electranies and machine- electranies 16

5 Practical comments concerning the bibliography . 19

6 Bibliography

6.0 List of Journals 22

6.1 General published work 25

6.2 Power electronic frequency changers 29

6.3 PEREM-systems or machine electronic systems 6.3.1 Group I systems (Frequency changers in combination with induction and synchronous machines) 48

6.3.2 Group 11 systems. (a) Rotor regulated induction machines . 54

(b) Voltage regulated machines 55

6.4 Semiconductor power switches 63

6.5 Alphabetical list of authors 76

7 Acknowledgement . 85 1 SUMMARY in 1896 in the work of Görges1 where he reports This work contains a bibliography concerning on the first observations concerning the Görges• power electranies and machine-electranies or phenomenon. PEREM-systems. In a short historica! introduetion The methods of achieving this much sought some aspects of the development of electronic after result by using power-electranies farms the power switches, circuits and some electrical basis of this study. Apart trom these solutions, machine regulation systems are outlined. however, the years have presented a rich array of methods to change the torque-speed relationship. In this way the history of the mercury-arc ree­ An interesting and comprehensive survey has been tifier and the thyristor is traced. lt is attempted to 2 presented by Laithwaite , indicating the extent of ascertain the origin of the idea of building an the demand tor simple variabie speed drives. inverter, of using it tor electrical machine control, of electronic choppers, of electronic voltage regu­ When the study of the subject of machine­ lation of electronic machines and of electronic electranies was cammeneed by the author no rotor controL bibliography on this subject could be found. This resulted in the present work. The bibliography Classification of the fields of power and mac­ does nat pretend to be comprehensive. The extent hine electranies is discussed briefly, and some of the technical-scientific literature at present is practical comments on the bibliography given. such as to almast exclude the possibility of one person compiling a comprehensive bibliography in the span of a tew years. The work does, how­ 2 INTRODUCTORY REMAAKS ever, pretend to present the growth of the subject. Rotating electrical machines have a relatively long history compared to some other branches of 3 HlSTORICAL NOTES electrical engineering. For the duration of this historica! development schemes have been de­ 3.0 General remarks. vised to change the relationship between torque 3.1 The development of the different switching delivered by, and mechanica! speed of, a par­ devices. ticular machine. The relationship between these two mechanica! variables of the machine, being 3.2 Power electronic frequency changers. determined by the electrical parameters of the machine, the parameters of the supply and the 3.3 The development of machine electronics. type of machine, is of a predestined farm tor a 3.3.1 Electronic commutators. specific machine operating trom one of the nor­ 3.3.2 Rotor control of induction machines. mally available supplies. The motivation tor the above mentioned search has been the tact that the 3.3.3 Voltage control of machines by power requirements of the driven loads will nat always electron i es. match the predestined relationship between torque and speed. Practical execution of the 3.0 General remarks theoretica! schemes suggested to achieve this end did nat always follow so easily and the eventual The history of the control of electrical machines widespread practical application of the solutions by switching devices appears to consist of alter­ to the problem was in many instances prevented nating periods of supremacy of mechanica! and by the intricate combination of economics, static (gaseous or solid-state) switches. reliability, efficiency, power factor, speed range, regulation, simplicity, ease of control and main­ The aidest known switch used in the control tenance, power-to-weight ratio, obsoleteness of electrical machines is the mechanica! commu­ and the many other factors determining the prac­ tator. Subsequently the gaseaus valves showed tical future of a salution to a problem in promise tor generating the switching functions engineering practice. necessary to control machines. These devices had some disadvantages and at a time it appeared During this development it is interesting to that the mechanica! metallic rectifier (a modified note the interest stimulated by every new device commutator!) was the future promise. Almast showing promise tor the control of electrical simultaneously it was succeeded by a device machines. The enthusiasm with which the search developing in parallel-the transductor or mag­ tor changing the torque-speed relationship has netic amplifier. The era of the semiconductor always been persecuted may be experienced even switches then dawned-an era trom which we,

5 being still concerned in its development, are able 1889 Fleming investigated the property of uni­ to derive but little historica! perspective. lateral conductivity of the electric are in air, while between 1894 and 1898 Sahulka described the Numerous works have been published and results of identical investigations pertaining to circuit configurations and methods of regulating atmospheric arcs between mercury and iron or electrical machines electronically worked out or carbon electrodes. suggested in the past. lt has therefore become extremely difficult to ascertain the origin of most All these experiments were conducted under of the circuits and methods of control employed atmospheric conditions. In the years 1890-1892 at present in machine electronics. The aim of this Arons made the first vapour lamps by enclosing historica! introduetion is to present the knowledge the are in an evacuated vessel. Apparently a acquired on these matters during compiling of the rectifier based on the unidirectional conduction bibliography in an attempt to clear up some of principle of the mercury are emerged around 1900 these aspects. when Cooper- Hewitt took up the manufacture of these lamps on a commercial scale. The stage was then setfora gradual development of the mercury­ 3.1 The development of the different arc rectifier as a switching device, reaching general switching devices application in all types of service probably after 1925. lt has already been pointed out that the first In 1903 Cooper-Hewitt indicated the possibility switching device used in rotating electrical mac­ to control the current are in a mercury rectifier by hines was the mechanica! commutator. lt may be means of grids between anode and cathode, and said that this development, through many forms, even mentioned the possibility to apply impulses took place during the nineteenth century. This to these grids, but the development of the con­ is evident when one compares the cammutators trolled rectifier did not follow immediately7 . In employed by Page in the years 1840, in his elec­ 1914 Langmuir in the U.S.A. indicated the possi­ trical imitation of steam engines, to the rotating bility of cantrolling the time of starting of the cammutators used subsequently in direct voltage current in a thyratron tube by means of a grid in machines. such a way that the average value of the current Although interesting from a historica! and changed at will. He employed a steady grid educational point of view, this development will potential of variabie magnitude. In subsequent not be traeed here. years other techniques for grid control, including phase control by an a.c. potential on the grid, were The first static non-linear device discovered was developed. the crystal detector by Braun in 1874 in Stras­ bourg3• 4 • Much later, after 1920, this was ex­ lt was not befare 1928 that the first practical tensively used in the radio field, but was never mercury are controlled rectifier seems to have been 8 developed to power levels applicable to electrical developed by Langmuir and Prince . Shortly machines. The selenium rectifier of Presser afterwards the application of control grids tosteel (1925) 5, and the cuprous oxide rectifier of tank mercury-arc rectifiers was undertaken by 6 Grondahl (1926) , were used in the power field Brown-Boveri, Siemens-Schuckertwerke and the with good results. As far as a controllable Allgemeine Elektrizitäts Geselischaft almast simul­ switching device is concerned, the grid controlled taneously. When the Second World Power Con­ mercury-arc-rectifier was the only predecessor of ference was held in Berlin in 1930 these three the present-dav controllable semiconductor swit­ firms staged comprehensive displays of the new ching devices. Therefore the development of this technique in their laboratories7• Thus, 48 years device will now be considered. after the first principles appear to have been realised, the controlled mercury-arc rectifier was Although the practical development of this ready for large-scale practical application. device did not come into being before nearly a third of the twentieth century was past, it is The controlled mercury-arc rectifiers had some interesting to note that the physical pricinples severe shortcomings such as being fragile, bulky, underlying the behaviour of mercury-arc-recti­ expensive and prone to "arcing back". In many fiers had apparently been recognised in 1882 by cases the advantage of having a piece of static 7 Jemin and Meneuvrier • They gave an account of apparatus was more than off-set by these dis­ the property of an electric are established between advantages. Subsequently the mechanica I metallic mercury and carbon electrodes, mentioning that rectifier received an increasing amount of atten­ the current will flow in one direction only. In tion. Much development work along these lines

6 9 was done by Koppelmann , being one of the ma in ten years, and this has resulted in a family of exponents of this technique. Even at present it is switching devices of a remarkable degree of ditticuit to judge whether this device would have sophistication, yet at present still in their infancy. found widespread practical application as a ree­ At present the most promising, the "triac" or tifier finverter if the magnetic amplifier did nat bilateral triode switch, appears to be due to appear. At the time of the Second World War the workers at the General Electric Company again14. principles underlying the functioning of the Other promising devices include the bilateral transductor had been known for a long time, yet diode switch ("diac"), gate-turn-aft-switches only during these and subsequent years did it (G.T.O.'s), light activated thyristors (Lasers) and come to full development. some other tour terminal devices. At present the lt is at present well known that early in the thyrislor is employed almast exclusively in 1950's the junction transistor foliowed the machine electronics, and therefore the historica! pioneering workof Bardeen, Brattain and Shock­ development of these other devices will nat be ley in semiconductor devices at the Bell Labora­ discussed. 10 tmies in the U.S.A. . Furthermore it is extremely Although, as remarked previously, the history interesting to note that in the very fjrst compre­ of the semiconductor power switch is very brief, hensive work to appear on the p-n junction it is already possible to make two important transistor in 1951, Shockley and his co-workers observations. mention the p 1 -n 1 -p 2-n 2 structure with an elec­ 10 trode attached to the p 2 -region -a structure we (i) Compared to the rate of development of know as a thyristor at present. Yet it appears that previous switches, the development of the the importance of this device when used as a new family of devices is rapid. switch was nat realised. Following the work of Shockley, Ebers developed the now famous two (ii) Due to these circumstances one must be transistor analogue to indicate what type of extremely caretul in making forecasts with characteristics might be expected trom such a regard to the application of these switches. 13 p-n-p-n device . Pessimistic views as to the maximum attain­ Although silicon p-n junction devices as power able voltage ratings of these devices saw the rectifiers gained an increasing importance in the value of 600V generally obtainable on devices subsequent years, the matter of a controlled tour years ago as near the limit, yet at present silicon rectifier rested until 1956, when Moll and thyristors with a rating of more than 3000V his associates at Bell saw the promise of the tour are on the market. 12 layer structure . Yet the p-n-p-n switch was still lt is therefore worthwhile to consider every .,at widely appreciated, and the actual initiative possible application of these devices in ,,f building a high current switch and introducing machine electranies with a view to the future. lt to the practical application field should probably The academica! thoughts of today build the ne credited to York of the General Electric practical drives of tomorrow. ~:ompany 13 . He was awara of the workat Bell, and . ·Nith his co-workers built the first high current version of the thyristor or p-n-p-n switch in 1957. 3.2 Power electronic frequency-changers This touched off a world-wide investigation that The role of power electronic frequency changers has continued to this day. Although it is ditticuit in machine-electranies is primary. Normally to judge history oversoshort a span of time (only available supplies are of a fixed frequency. To ten years have elapsed since), it appears that if obtain other frequencies trom this single-fre­ a birth date for the practically useful thyristor has quency supply, a non-linear device is incorporated to be named, it should be 1957-1958. Thus, ten in the system. The spectrum arising out of this years after the first work on useful semiconductor may be used in all its components or in one only­ amplifiers and switches was done by Bardeen, depending on the application. However, machine­ Brattain and Shockley, the new device was ready electronic systems are energy processing, and to conquer the power field. lt must be remarked therefore the losses in the non-linear element that the invention of the thyristor came at an should be small, or zero if possible, in order to extremely opportune moment, due to the high obtain a high efficiency. The ideal switch answers degree of development already reached at that to this description. When thinking about "high time in the field of transistor-logic and amplifying frequency" of operation and adverse operating circuitry. conditions dependent on external influences, it The thyristor stimulated study of multi-p-n becomes clear why electronic devices have junction semiconductor devices during the past always been sought. The development of these

7 types of devices known today has been examined following comment of the editor of that journal in 3.1, and some remarks about the historica! at the head of the abovementioned artiele: "In development of the circuits using these will now the September, 1924, issue of this magazine, Mr. be made. Prince contributed an artiele dealing with the tube-rectifier and its characteristic waveforms. In Soon after the practical value of the mercury the present contribution the author has taken the vapour tube as a rectifier was realised, investiga­ rectifier circuit and inverted it turning in direct tions into its circuit implications started (see for current at one end and drawing out alternating 15 instanee: ). current at the other. In the following years till 1930 most of the The new apparatus, consisting of pliotron u neontrolled rectifier circuit configurations known tubes, transformers, reactances etc. is known as today were developed. These circuits are well the "lnverter" and offers a means of converting known. direct current into alternating current without the u se of any rotating machines." Although actual practical controlled mercury­ arc rectifier units were not developed before 1928, From this quotation the origin of the word the first inverter dates trom 1925. The term "inverter'' still in use today is obvious-it was "inverter'' is due to D. C. Prince of the General meant to indicate a circuit doing the inverse of 16 Electric Company in the U.S.A. • lnteresting is the what a rectifier does.

S.M. Synchronous machine P1, P 2 : "Piiotron" tubes G Generator supplying direct voltage T: I nverter transfarmer Fig. 1. The inverter circuit of Prince16

The switching elements used by Prince were Following the invention of the steel tank con­ vacuum tubes. Due to the fact that he employed trolled mercury-arc rectifiers in Europe at the 15 kV as operating voltage, the voltage drop over beginning of the 1930's, an enormous activity in the tubes was not important. The problem of the field of inverters was initiated. This may be supplying reactive power to the system was over­ verified by consulting the histograms of the come by using a synchronous machine in the bibliography. These developments concerned output. lt should be noted that the contiguration many aspects of the problems associated with of the switches in the above system is already of inverters. lt is probably worthwhila to note two the parallel type. further interesting points regarding development of these circuits. The first inverter proposed by The parallel-configuration is sometimes referred Prince needed a synchronous machine in the out­ to as the "Wagner-inverter", yet it would probably put to furnish the reactive power. This was the be more truthful to refer to it as the "Prince­ 17 case with all inverters proposed afterwards-in inverter", since Wagner worked much later • absence of a machine they could not handle After Prince, Sabbah18 and Tompkins54 also dis­ reactive power. In 1932 Petersen 19 proposed the cussed the characteristics of parallel and series use of two additional valves (S 2 and S' 2 fig. 2) in inverters. the parallel inverter to handle reactive power. lt is

8 possible to extend this principle also to systems (Fig. 3) eliminates this effect. As far as it is having more than one phase. Petersen still used possible to ascertain at present, this salution is an additional voltage E for commutation-purposes. of a relatively recent date. According to Ward20 Tompkins54 apparently first employed commuta­ these diodes are due to B. Y. Umarov and were tion capacitors in order to obtain a self-contained first described by Hamudhanov21 • inverter ("selbstgeführte Wechselrichter") (Fig. On the other hand these diodes were used quite 3(a) ). This may be regarded as another major independently by de Zeeuw in 1961 at the advance in the art of inverters. 22 Technological University of Eindhoven • The use of the commutating capacitor had one In the literature befare 1940 Tröger drew unwanted effect-it discharged over the trans­ inverter diagrams with mercury are rectifiers in farmer winding, impairing commutation. lncor­ series with the commutation capacitors in a 23 poration of the decoupling diodes D 1 and D 2 review assay •

s• 1 s• 2

RL = load resistance S" S' ,, S 2, S' 2 gas tubes LL = load inductance T: lnverter transfarmer E: Commutation EMF L: Commutating inductance Fig. 2. Proposed inverter circuit of Petersen19 with "Petersen valves". c

1 2

(a) (b)

S 1, S 2 : Controlled rectifiers C: Commutating capacitor

D 1, D 2 : Decoupling diodes L: Commutating inductance T: lnverter transfarmer

21 22 Fig. 3. Development of parallel-inverter with decoupling diodes • •

9 Unfortunately the references given by Tröger Another type of frequency changer that has are inadequate to be able to deduce the original known a remarkable development is the so-called function, and therefore this question will most cycloconverter. The terms "cyclo-conversion" and probably have to remain unsolved for the time "cycloconverter" were invented by Rissik 7 in being. the years befare 1935 (see Fig. 4). The main disadvantage of this type of cycloconverter was The frequency changing circuits developed in the non-sinusoidal output voltage more or less the period of the controlled mercury-arc rectifier resembling a trapezium. were limited in their complication by the cast, To eliminate this, the envelope cycloconverters speed and size of these valves. The thyristor is were developed. The Löbl-cycloconverter was of much smaller, tasterand already cheaper, and has a synchronous type, having a definite phase therefore started off a development of extrenely relationship between the two systems~ 5 . 7 26 complex circuits, with a corresponding increase The Krämer-cycloconverter • was asynchro­ in possibilities tor application. To attempt to nous, yet still had a fixed ratio of output to input trace the historica! development of these circuits frequency. involve much detail and may safely be left to the Credit tor the development of a continuously specialized student of these units. At present no variabie grid-controlled cycloconverter goes to 27 28 comprehensive survey of these circuits exists in Schenkel and van lssendorff • • This type of the literature, the existing works being of limited circuit contiguration is again used to great 24 scope (see tor instance ). advantage in modern thyristor circuits.

3 PHASE SCFPLY,

s::;GL~ P'iAS;è S\"STD!

Fig. 4. Original cycloconverter circuit of Rissik, 1935'.

3.3 The development of machine­ tion processing, but supplying power to some or electronics other system to be controlled. The level of this Although the field of "machine-electronics" power is nat defined, and may even be micro­ has yet to be defined (Section 4), let it suffice at watts. lt will be realised that this present present to say that it concerns the systems con­ definition is intuitive rather than exact. sisting of rotating electrical machines and power ldeas to use electronic elements to control, electronics. In this case power electranies is a reg u late or augment electrical machines appear to loosely defined entity, indicating electronic cir­ have been put into practice tor the first time cuits in which the main tunetion is nat informa- during the years immediately befare and after

10 1920. lt is possible that these contributions may From the previous paragraph and from Fig. 5 nat be characterised as machine-electranies as it may be gathered that by connecting the valve it is known today, yet it may be considered as the in series with a mechanica! switch he was able very beginning of the subject. to obtain the characteristic of a controlled In the year 1917 Bolliger came upon the idea rectifier. This is the more remarkable, since at that of a "high-voltage" d.c. machine (published stage the controlled mercury-arc rectifier still 1921) in which the substantial part of the com­ belonged to the future. The high voltages in the mutator action is executed by a mercury-arc reverse direction, and the actual commutation rectifier. Ta quote Bolliger: "Der Kommutator were the responsibilities of the rectifier. This arbeitet lediglich als ein bei leerlaufenden Phasen indicates that Bolliger had already fully realised kontaktmachender Spannungsschaltapparat, ohne the necessity for a static electron ie commutator; jede Stromwendung unter den Bürsten. Der but did nat yet have the necessary circuit Gleichrichter hingegen wirkt als ein durch dié elements. His appropriate camment on his own Betriebsphasenspannungen gesteuerter Strom­ work was: "Einen Anfang zu etwas dass noch 29 wendeapparat .... " . nicht ist".

w ..

H.R.

+

M.G. Mechanica! commutator W ,-W 6 Machine armature windings M.R. Mercury-arc rectifier F.W. Field winding

Fig. 5. lllustration of the principle of the "high-voltage" d.c. machine of Bolliger.

Van der Bijl described control systems for In these systems a vacuum triode ("audion") 55 was connected either in series or in parallel with d.c. generator current and voltage in 1920 , the field winding of the generator, the essential attributing=the=origin of the ideas to Wold. control element.

11 R

A: Audion, G : d.c. generator, R 1 : Current resistance, Rg: Grid resistor, FW: Field winding Fig. 6. Schemes presented by van der Bijl

In the years before 1930 Voorhoeve in the tast developing control schemes by grid-con­ Netherlands investigated possibilities to control trolled mercury-arc rectifiers30, 31 . generator voltages by electronic means. Contrary to the work reported by v. d. Bijl, he employed After the invention of the controlled gaseous vacuum diodes, the heating current being the valves an increasing amount of attention was variabie (Fig. 7). This is understandable, since given to the study of machine-electronic sys­ at that time the grid controlled mercury-arc tube tems. With reference to the histograms included had not yet been made widely known by Langmuir in the bibliography it is evident that there exists a and his associates. definite shift in time between the research work Later work by the same group included the use devoted to power electranies and machine­ of vacuum triodes, but was overshadowed by the electron i es.

D

(a)

F

R1 + ç------~

G 1 : A.v. generator T 1 : Current transfarmer D: Vacuum diode T 2: Voltage transfarmer F: Field winding G 2: D.v. generator Fig. 7. Original schemes of Voorhoeve for cantrolling generator voltage.

12 3.3.1 Electronic cammutators Although it was applied on the European con­ tinent and in the U.S.A. to a certain extent33, the Reference has already previously been made thyratron or controlled mercury-arc commutator to the fact that the electronic switches may be motor never attained true widespread practical used to perfarm the same tunetion as mechanica! application. In some cases smaller motors were switches in conjunction with an electrical driven by vacuum-tube oscillators or by thyratron machine. One of the initial ideas that sprung from relaxation oscillators, but all these applications the availability of the controlled mercury-arc remained special solutions to a limited number of rectifier was to build an electronic commutator. problems. The motors used were mostly of the The first machine to use an electron ie commutator synchronous type. was the machine of Kern-a now famous example32. In fact, Kern suggested various con­ lt is understandable that since the thyristor figurations, one being shown in Fig. 7. In the has come of age, the thyristor commutator motors years befare 1940 these types of machines were have received renewed attention. The character­ studied by many workers, and were originally istics of this element makes universa! application primarily intended for traction purposes. possible.

grid control

W .. • machine stator windinga L.------' 1 12 R rotor and field winding T transtormar CR ::cntrc::.:~.; r~etifier

32 Fig. 8. Thyratron-commutator machine proposed by Kern •

In most cases the modern technology tends of traction at present seem to be economics and towards a separate inverter and motor, and not reliability towards using the motor windings as part of the The interest in electronic cammutators stimu­ inverter. This approach may change with time, lated anew by the thyristor have apparently however. stimulated the use of transistors for the same tunetion in small machines. This is the inevitable One of the ideas being worked out at present conclusion, as it was not befare 1962 that this is the use of thyristor-frequency changers in type of electronically commutated machine re­ 38 conjunction with squirrel-cage induction mac­ ceived serious attention , although switching 34 35 hines for electric traction purposes • • This idea transistors were available years before. lt origi­ 36 37 has been considered in the past, but rejected . nated in the U.S.A. and later spread to Germany • The reason for the rejection of this proposal in At present the future for these devices appears 1940 was the enormous amount of equipment promising. needed, it being impossible to transport it aboard an ordinary locomotive. Thyristors are relatively 3.3.2 Rotor regulation of induction small in size and eliminate this problem, as has machines been illustrated by the present experiments. The Compared to direct current machines wound ma in hazards besetting the application of this type rotor induction machines are relatively cheap and

13 it is therefore interesting to investigate all pos­ bius ascades. Due to the considerations men­ sihilities to control them. Electronic regulation in tioned in section 3.3.1 the application was only 56 57 the rotor current of these machines has only interesting tor larger machines. In 1939 Stöhr • recently received some worthwhile attention, apparently proposed the first electronic Scherbius however. cascade, indicated in Fig. 9. Subsequently Hölters This may be verified by examination of the (1943)3 9 also investigated this type of system. appropriate histogram, and may be ascribed to To his system the rather unfortunate name of the high voltage drop over the previously "Asynchron-Stromrichtermotor" was given. This available electronic devices, as well as to their name has si nee been used to indicate a nother type cast and size. of system, i.e. that of a variabie frequency The first work on electronic rotor control of inverter feeding an induction motor, the motor induction machines concerned electronic Scher- windings being part of the inverter.

CHR

IM: lnduction motor M R: Mercury-arc rectifier

RT 1, RT 2 : Rectifier transfarmers CMR: Controlled mercury-arc rectifiers Fig. 9. Electronic Scherbius cascade of Stöhr.

The magnetic amplifier was, and still is, applied armature voltage controL (In some instances d.c. with good results to this type of control 2 but it is machines are also operated with electronic field only during the last decade after the development control as already mentioned). The d.c. machines of the thyristor, that this type of control has having armature voltage control may be fed received increasing attention in the farm of elec­ trom either an a.c. or a d.c. system. tronic switching of the rotor current, notably in 40 Germany (See for instanee ). Development of Control of d.c. machines fed by three phase silicon rectifiers renewed the interest in systems or single-phase a.c. systems drew attention after consisting of wound-rotor induction machines the introduetion of the controlled mercury-arc 1 and frequency converters in the rotor4 , while rectifier in 1928. lt was realised that this offers thyristors holds the promise of making this drive the possibility to regulate the main current in the 2 economie and campact-also for smaller motor4 , and was apparently first extensively 43 machines. investigated by Schilling . As is evident from the histograms, interest in these types of control 3.3.3 Voltage regulation of machines by increased steadily through the years. Later power electranies attention was devoted to constructing static Ward-Leonard drives in this way. (See for in­ 30 The systems employing control of the applied stance ). Semiconductor switches increased voltage of the machines by electronic methods, the possibilities (see histogram) and it may be are to be divided mainly into two categories: expected that the present popularity of this type induction machines having antiparallel switches of semiconductor controlled drive will still con­ on the stator side, and d.c. machines with tinue for a considerable time.

14 4 46 Apparently the inventor of armature voltage problem -"· but it is nat clear whether a system control of d.c. machines by pulse modulation, the was practically realised. The first practical 44 so-called series chopper-was Blaufuss in 1940 • realisation of this scheme by electronic means The problem was to obtain a mechanica! ar elec­ appears to be due to Jones47 in the U.S.A. and to tronic switch that could be operated reliably and Abraham, Heumann and Koppelmann48 in Ger­ tast enough to achieve this controL lt taak years many, the two groups working independently, befare the idea of Blaufuss was taken up again. and employing thyristors as switches. Gutenbaum did theoretica! work on this type of lt is interesting to note that the electronic

h 11

JMR l r

L F.T.: Field Transfarmer CMR: Controlled mercury rectifier M.T.: Ma in Transfarmer L: Switching inductor MR: Mercury rectifier M: Direct cutrent motor Fig. 10. Original scheme for a.c. fed d.c. motor investigated by Schilling'". chopper as employed by these groups was to the circuit improvements possible. Electronic discussed in 1932 by Tompkins in relation to the choppers reg u lating series direct voltage machines 54 parallel inverter • is one of the most successful machine-electranies These types of power-electronic systems have systems at present, finding widespread application since developed rapidly-especially with respect tor low loss control in traction circuits.

Re Laad resistance Th: Main thyristor Re: Charging resistance Thc: Commutating thyristor Cc: Commutating capacitor Sc: Commutating switch T: Thyratron Fig. 11. Electronic chopper circuit of Tompkins (1932) compared with a thyristor chopper circuit.

15 Regulation of alternating voltage and current been worked out further for the control of by using electronic switches in antiparallel con­ squirrel-cage motors, although the idea was tiguration appear to have foliowed the same line later applied in conjunction with magnetic amp­ of development. The idea is not new, and due to lifiers51. The possibility of using thyristors has Lenz4 9 (Fig. 12) who published it in 1933. Previously the idea of using grid controlled renewed the interest in this type of control 52 mercury valves tor current control had been used recently , and the development of the triac will in welding equipment50, but in a one-sided make this type of drive still more compact and configuration. Strangely it does not seem to have robust, and in the end much cheaper.

CM R I• CM R, Controlled mercury-arc rectifiers

T 1 Transfarmer RL LL Load Fig. 12. Antiparallel system investigated by Lenz (1933).

4 CLASSIFICATION OF THE FIELDS OF ded to indicate a system consisting of an electron ie POWER-ELECTRONICS AND part and a rotating electromechanical transducer MACHINE-ELECTRONICS or rotating electrical machine. The use of this word is only justified since it farms a handy 4.1 Definitions of power electranies and acronymn for sarnething that may be specified as a "Power-Electron ie Rotating Electromechani­ machine electranies cal transducer system", from which the more Under normal conditions the accent in an appropriate acronymn PEREM-system may be electronic system may fall on the information formed. processing aspect or on the power processing aspect, quite apart trom the power levels involved. From the preceding it is clear that a machine­ In the electronic systems used in combination electronkor PEREM-system consistsof two sub­ with electrical machines, these two functions are systems-the electranies and the rotating elec­ both present. lt will be postulated here that part trical machine. Such a system is used instead of of the system in which the accent is on intar­ a singular electrical machine in order to be abie to mation processing be called the information­ establish a torque-speed relationship differing electronics and the other part of the system from the predestined farm for the machine when correspondingly the power electronics. lt will be connected to a "normal" supply. lt may be realised that it is not in all practical systems remarked that mostly the information-electronics possible to distinguish between these two tune­ is left out of the analysis of the system, and the tions explicitly, especially in the case of micro­ subsystem electranies (see Fig. 13) becomes the power electronics. In Fig. 13 the dotted line marks motors with electronic commutators37, yet it remains advisable to make the distinction with a that part of the system most commonly referred view to the classification system being developed. to, and being studied as machine-electronics. Since a mutual influence exists between the The word "machine-electronics" in itself is componentsof the system, the subject of machine misleading, since as such it merely means electranies does not merely combine the "clas­ electranies used with a machine, not necessarily sica!" knowledge of power electranies and an electrical machine, and it is specifically inten- electrical machines.

16 Electrooie rotating electromechanical trans

Subsystem Electronica

------,

in formation Subsyetea rotating El6ctronics Electronica 1----.... electromecha­ nical transducer

------..... ------· Fig. 1 J. Electronic-rotating-electromechanical-transducer-system.

As definitions may therefore be considered: Circular rotating magnetic fields of angular velocity of Ü)s/P and Ü)r/P with respect to the Power electranies concerns itself with the stator and rotor bodies are set up when these study of that part of an electronic system in windings carry m-phase symmetrical current which the accent falls on the processing of systems of frequency f s and f r on the stator and power necessary at the output rather than on rotor respectively. To be able to obtain a d.c. information. The definition is nat coupled to a machine in this configuration, the frequency certain absolute level of power, but is relative. changer must be inserted between the direct Machine electranies or study of PEREM­ current supply and the stator windings (see for 53 systems concerns itself with the study of instanee reference ). systems consisting of power-electranies in con­ junction with rotating electromechanical trans­ A certain amount of power is fed into the ducers (or rotating electrical machines). Prac­ power electronics, passes trom the power elec­ tising of this branch of electrical engineering has tranies to the air gap of the electrical machine, as its objective the alteration of the "traditional" and under the assumption of negligible power­ torque-speed relationship of a specific type of electronic and stator loss (this is nat essential to machine. the argument however) this power is split Uf? in the rotor into two components- meehamcal power delivered to the laad, and a remaining 4.2 Brief indication of a classification amount of power that manifests itself as rotor system for PEREM-systems losses unless fed back to the supply system. lt is possible to employ various different lf constant laad torque be assumed, and the approaches to classify the different type:; . <;Jf mechanica! speed of the machine changes, the machine-electron ie systems. One of the poss1bi11- mechanica! power will also change. Insome types ties is to use the power relation in the whole of PEREM-systems the power electranies are used electrical system. This approach will be used here. to change the stator frequency, and therefore the Befare considering these power relations it is amount of power fed across the air gap in such a necessary to make certain agreements regarding case. This makes it possible (in principle) to the electrical machines. The stator and rotor deliver a si mil ar torque at two different mechanica I carry windings of m-phases and 2-p poles. speeds without changing the losses in the

17 machine-electronic system, as the speed of 4.3 Comments concerning the rotation of the magnatie field in the air gap has classification that may be found in this been adjusted. This class of systems camprise all bibliography machines where the stator frequency is changed by the power-electronics, such as semiconductor­ In the first instanee one may expect the commutator motors ("Stromrichtermaschinen") existence of a certain amount of general works frequency-changers feeding squirrel-cage and dealing with the subject of PEREM-systems or synchronous machines etc. machine-electronics systems. 1t will also be These primary systems or group-1 systems con­ necessary to include works not directly dealing stitute one section of the bibliography. with the subject. but treating problems of im­ portance to the subject, or by their method of The relation between mechanica! speed of the attack being of value to the study of PEREM­ machine and torque delivered may not only be systems. All works judged to be of such a nature changed by changing the supply frequency as were included in section 6.1 of the bibliography. indicated above, but amongst other thing·s by influencing the induced current in the rotor or Power electranies in itself constitute an adjusting the mean applied stator voltage. In the important part of the activities of any group case of either of these methods, however, the working on machine-electronics, and much work amount of power tor the fundamental frequency has been done in this field in the past. 1t was fora specific electromagnetic torque in the airgap therefore judged to be necessary to include a remains constant to a first approximation, so that section on power-electranies in the bibliography the system suffers trom heavy rotor losses at low in order to obtain a balanced survey. Specialised speeds. lt follows immediately that induction questions pertaining to semiconductor power motors with electronic rotor control and stator switches constitute an important part of the voltage switching will fall in this class. problems in the field of machine-electronics at present. As these works proved to be numerous The remaining types of machine-electronic the section on power electronics was split into systems all camprise conventional d.c. machines two parts. Section 6.2 of the bibliography there­ (with mechanica! commutator) with armature fore deals with the circuit aspects of power­ voltage control or field control by electronic electronics, while section 6.4 is devoted entirely chopper circuits. Strictly speaking it will probably to semiconductor power switches. Works on the be better to consider these systems in a class of nature of all other types of power switches used their own. In termsof the agreements made con­ in the past, such as controlled and uncontrolled cerning the machine configurations (see second mercury-arc tubes, thyratrons, vacuum tubes, paragraph of this section, 4.2) the power elec­ copper oxide and selenium rectifiers, etc. have tronics is located in series with the machanical not been included in the present bibliography. frequency changer in the stator for armature­ 1t was feit that the physical aspects of these voltage control or in the case of a field-chopper elements are not so actual at present tor in the rotor circuit. The torque-speed relationship engineering purposes. of the transducer without the machanical fre­ quency changer is a vertical line in the torqua­ As discussed in section 4.2 group I PEREM­ speed plane (in this case the line is located at systems are included under section 6.3.1 of the zero speed), and the tunetion of the power bibliography. Group 11 systems are included under electronics in this case is to change the maximum section 6.3.2, and due to personal interests of torque. The adaptation of the amount of power the author have been divided into two sub­ crossing the air-gap is the responsibility of the sections, i.e. 6.3.2 (a): systems with rotor control, machanical frequency changer, not of the power and 6.3.2 {b): systems with voltage controL electronics. When the definition of group 11 or "secondary" systems is the following: Group 11 The different sections of the bibliography are systems are those systems in which the power therefore: electranies do nat have the tunetion of changing 6.0 List of journals cited in the bibliography. the amount of power fed across the air-gap of the machine, but changing the maximum amount 6.1 General publishad work (concerning power of torque that may be delivered at a specific electronics, rotating electromechanical speed, all voltage-controlled, field controlled and transducers and machine-electronics). induced current controlled systems fall into this class. 6.2 Power electronic frequency changers.

18 6.3 PEREM-systems or machine-electronic but also on the abstracter, and not always systems. dependable. 6.3.1 Group 1-systems (works concerning Many of the publishad contributions concern the study of inverters in com­ description of fabricated apparatus, discussion of bination with synchronous and in­ oparation or installation problems etc. While this duction machines). material is in itself necessary tor the engineering profession, it is not of great significanee to the 6.3.2 Group 2-systems. present study, and has been omitted as far as (a) Works concerning rotor control possible. Practical or descriptive work has been of induction machines. included only when it contained an essential (b) Works concerning voltage con­ element tor developing a theoretica! background. trolled machines. 5.2 Histograms 6.4 Semiconductor power switches. To indicate the growth of the different fields, 6.5 Alphabetical list of authors. histograms of the amount of publishad literature included in the bibliography have been compiled. Units of five years have been assumed reasonable. 5 PRACTICAL COMMENTS Befare drawing conclusions trom these histograms CONCERNING COMPILATION OF (a tempting tendency) one must remamber that THE BIBLIOGRAPHY the bibliography represents a selected collection. 5.1 Selection On the other hand these histograms are valuable tor judging the relativa activity at a certain time. As previously stressed the bibliography re­ presents a selected colleetien of works on machine 5.3 Further extensions of the bibliography and power electronics. lt is not possible to obtain or read every item of publishad literature on the Depending on circumstances it is hoped that subject, nor include all these in a bibliography. in the future the bibliography may be brought In many cases an abstracting journal was em­ up to date periodically. The author would be ployed to evaluate the contents of a certain extremely grateful for any correspondence poin­ publication. lt is realised that this procedure is not ting out errors or adding to or correcting the only dependent on the judgment of the author, historica! background.

19 REFERENCES

Görges, H. 16 Prince, D. C., Ueber Drehstrommotoren mit verminderter Touren­ The lnverter. zahl. G.E. Rev. 28, 676-681, 1925. ETZ no. 33, 517-518, 1896. 17 Wagner, C. F., 2 Laithwaite, E. R., Parallel inverter with resistive load. Electrical varia bie speed drives. Al EE Trans., 54, 1227-1235, 1935. Engineer's Digest, 25 (1 0), 115-165, 1964. 18 Sabbah, C. A., 3 Braun, F., Series-parallel type static converters. Pogg. Ann. 153, 556, 1874. G.E. Rev .. 34, 288-301 1931.

4 Spenke, E., 19 Petersen: discussion of M. Schenkel: Elektronische Halbeiter. Technische Grundlagen und Anwendungen ges­ Springer, 1955. teuerter Gleichrichter und Umrichter. ETZ, 53, 761-770. 1932. 5 Presser, E., Discussion: 771-773. ETZ, 53, 339, 1932. 20 Ward, E. E., 6 Grondahl, L. 0., lnvertor suitable for operatien over a range of Science, 36, 306, 1926. frequency. Proc. I.E.E., 111, 1423-1433, 1964. 7 Rissik, H., Mercury-arc current converters. 21 Hamudhanov, M. Z., Pitman, Londen, 1935. "Variable frequency operatien of asynchronous motors using electronic frequency changers" in: 8 Prince, D. C., Technica! problems of electric drives. The direct current transfarmer utilizing thyratron U.S.S.R. Academy of Science. 1957. tubes. G. E. Rev. 31, 347-350, 1928. 22 Zeeuw, W. J. de, Private communication. 9 Kopelmann, F., Technological University Eindhoven. Der Kontaktumformer. ETZ, 62, 3-16, 1941. 23 Tröger, R., Technische Grundlagen und Anwendungen der 10 Shockley, W., Sparks, M., Teat G. K., Stromrichter. p-n Junction transistors. Elekt. Bahnen, 8, 51 -58, 1932. Phys. Rev. 83 (1 ), 151-162, 1951. 24 Mapham, N. W., 11 Ebers, J. J., Moll, J. L., The classification of SCR inverter circuits. Large signa! behaviour o.f junction transistors. IEEE Intern at. Conv. Rec., 12 (Pt. 9), 99-105, 1964. Proc. I.R.E., 42, (12), 1761-1772, 1954. 25 Löbl, 0., 12 Moll, J. L.; Tannenbaum, M.; Goldey, I.M.; Holonyak, Bahnumrichter System Löbl/RWE. N. Elektr. Bahnen, 8, 65-69, 1932. p-n-p-n transistor switches. Proc. I.R.E., 44, (9), 1174, 1956. 26 Elektr. Bahnen, 11, 235, 1935.

13 Gentry, F. E.; Gutzwiller, F. W.; Holonyak, N.; 27 Schenkel, M., lssendorff, I. von, Zastrow, E. E. von, New arrangement of high power rectifier for power Semiconductor controlled rectifiers. control, inverted eperation and frequency conver­ Prentice-Hall. New Jersey, 1964. sion. Siemens Zeitschrift, 11. 142-146, 1931. 14 Gentry, F. E.; Scace, R. I.; Flowers, J. A three terminal a.c. switch. 28 Schenkel, M., IEEE Electron Device Conference, Washington, Eine unmittelbare asychrone Umrichtung für Oct. 31-Nov.1963. niederfrequente Bahnnetze. Elektr. Bahnen, 8, 69-73, 1932. 15 Tschudy, W., Experimentene Untersuchungen am Quecksilber­ 29 Bolliger. A., dampf-Gieichrichter für Wechselstrom. Die Hochspannungs- Gleichstrommaschine. Diss. ETH., Zürich, 1914. Springer, Berlin, 1921.

20 30 Sequenz, H., 44 Blaufuss, K., Die Verwendung von Entladungsgefässen bei Drezahlregelung von Gleichstrommotoren durch elektrischen Maschinen. Stromstösse. E. u. M., 55, 274-380, 1937. Arch. Elektrotech., 34, 581-590, 1940. 45 Gutenbaum, J., 31 Voorhoeve, N. A. J., An analysis of follow-up system operating with a Ein für praktische Verwendung geeignetes Ver­ de motor controlled by pulse duration modulation. fahren für Spannungsregelung an Generatoren mit Arch. Automat. Telemech., 6, (4) 453-462, 1961. Hilfen von Hochvakuumröhren. Arch. Elektrotech., 21, 288, 1929. 46 Gutenbaum, J., Some characteristics of a pulse controlled d.c. 32 Kern, E., motor. Der kommutatorlose Einpasen-Lokomotivmotor 40 Arch. Automat. Telemech., 6 (4), 435-451, 1961. bis 60 Hz. 47 Jones, D., Elektr. Bahnen, 7, 313-321, 1931. Variabie pulse width inverter. Electronic Equipment Engineering (Nov), 29-30, 33 Beiler, A. H., 1961. Thyratron motor at the logan plant. Trans AIEE, 57, 19-24, 1938. 48 Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppelman, F., Anfahren, Regeln und Nutzbremsen von Gleich­ 34 Davis, R. M., Barwell, F. T., stromfahrzeugen mit steuerbaren Siliziumzellen. The commutatorless diesel-electric locomotive. VD E Fachber, 22. 89-1 00, 1962. Proc. I.E.E. Conf. 10-11 Nov. 126-133, 1965. 49 Lenz, P., Gitter-gesteuerte Gasentladung als regelbarer 35 Dolaberidze, G. P., Wechselstrom Widerstand. The conversion of d.c. into a.c. at variabie frequency Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 497-504, 1933. for electric traction. Elektrotekhnika, no. 4 (April), 58-62, 1965. 50 Griffith, R. C., Thyratron control equipment for high speed resis­ 36 Stöhr, M., tance welding. Lokomotivsysteme für hochgespannten Gleich­ G. E. Rev., 33. 511, 1930. strom. 51 lvakhenko, A. G., E. u. M., 58, 381-389, 1940. Regulation of the speed of a three phase asyn­ chronous motor with the aid of thyratrons and 37 Krost, H., Moczala, H., series transformers. Elektronische Drehzahregelung bürstenloser Elektrichestvo, no. 9, (Sept) 57-59, 1948. G leichstrom-Kleinstmotoren. ETZ-A, 86 (19), 628-632, 1965. 52 Gerecke, E., Badr, H., Asynchronmaschine mit primärseitig eingebauten 38 Bauerlein, G., steuerbaren Ventilen. Brushless de motor uses hall-effect devices. Neue Technik, 4, 125-134, 1962. Electronics, April 6, 58, 1962. 53 Niesten, J. G., Toepassingsmogelijkheden voor halfgeleiderschak­ 39 Hölters, F., elelementen bij roterende elektromechanische om­ Schaltung und Steuerung von Stromrichtermotoren. zetters, bezien tegen de achtergrond van de E. u. M. 61,221-228,1943. frequentie-voorwaarde. Voordracht, Vakantieleergang Elektrotechniek, Klvl. 40 Abraham, L., Patzschke, U., 21-22 Mei 1964, Delft. Pulstechnik für die Drehzahlsteuerung von Asyn­ chronmotoren. 54 Tompkins, F. N., AEG-Mitt., 54,133-140,1964. The parallel type inverter. AIEE Trans., 51, 707-714, 1932. 41 Meyer, M., 55 Bijl. H. J. van der, Ueber die untersynchrone Stromrichterkaskade. The thermionic vacuum tube and its applications. ETZ-A. 82, 589-596, 1961. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1920.

42 Bayha, H., 56 Stöhr, M., Regelantriebe mit Stromrichtern. Vergleich zwischen Stramrichtermotor und unter­ Siemens Zeitschrift, 13, 303, 1933. synchroner Stromrichterkaskade. E. u. M., 57, 581-591, 1939. 43 Schilling, W., Zur Regelung von Gleichstrommotoren über gitter­ 57 Stöhr, M., gesteurte Gleichrichter. Stromrichterkaskade für Doppelzonenregelung. Arch. Elektrotech. 29, 622-631, 1935. E. u. M., 58, 177-186, 1940.

21 6.0 LIST OF JOURNALS

AEG Mitt. (Germany): AEG Mitteilungen-AII­ 27 Elect. Engng.: Electrical Engineering. gemenine Elektrizitäts Geselischaft 28 Elect. Engng. Japan (USA): Electrical Engineering 2 A El Engng. (G B): A El Engineering. in Japan (A translation of: Joumal of the Jnstitute 3 Acta Tech. Hungar: Acta Technica Academiae of Electrical Engineers of Japan). Scientiarum Hungaricae. 29 Elect. J. (GB): Electrical JoumaL 4 Allis Chalmers Elect. Rev. (USA): Allis Chalmers Electrical Review. 30 Electric Technology. 5 Alta Frequenza (ltaly). 31 Electrical Manufacturing (USA). 6 Arch. Automat Telemech. (Poland): Archiwum 32 Electrician ( G B). Automatyki i Telemechaniki. 33 Elect. Rev. (GB): Electrical Review. 7 Arch. Elektr. Uebertragung (Germany): Archiv der 34 Elect. Times (GB): Electrical Times. Elektrischen Uebertragung. 35 Electronic Applic. Bull.: Electronic Application 8 Arch. Elektrotech. (Germany): Archiv für Elek­ Bulletin (Philips). trotechnik. 36 Electronic Design. 9 Asea J. (Sweden): Asea Journal. 37 Electronic Engng. (GB): Electronic Engineering. 10 Automat si Electronica (Rumania): Automatica si Electronica. 38 Electronics (USA). 11 Automat i Telemekh (USSR): Automatika i Tele­ 39 Electronics and Power (GB): Joumal of the ln­ mekhanica (A translation is published as auto­ stitution of Electrical Engineers. mation and remote control). 40 Electronic Letters (GB). 12 BBC Mitt: Brown Boveri Mitteilungen. 41 Electrotechnical J (Japan): Electrotechnical Joumal 13 BBC Nachr. (Germany): BBC Nachrichten, Brown (ET J). Boveri Mannheim. 42 Elektrotechniek (Netherlands). 14 Brown Boveri Rev. (Switzerland): Brown Boveri Review-Brown Boveri, Baden, Switzerland. 43 Electro-Technology (USA). 15 B. T-H Activ.: British Thomson-Houston Activities. 44 Electrichestvo (USSR). 16 BulL Acad. Sci USSR: Bulletin of the Academy of 45 Elektrie (Germany). Sciences of the USSR. 46 Elektrische Ausrüstung und Jndustrielle Autornatik 17 Bull. Assoc. Suisse Elect. (Switzerland): Bul­ (Germany). letin de I'Association Suisse des Electriciens. 47 Elekt. Bahnen (Germany): Elektrische Bahnen. 18 Bul!. Electrotech. Lab (Japan): Bulletin of the 48 Elektrizitätswirtschaft ( Germany). Electrotechnical Laboratory. 49 Elektronik (Germany). 19 Bull. Oerlikon (Switzerland): Bulletin Oerlikon. 50 Elektrotech. Obzor (Czechoslovakia): Elektrotech­ 20 Buil. Soc. Beige Elect.· Bulletin Société Beige des nicky Obzor. Electriciens. 51 Elektron. Rdsch. (Germany): Elektronische Rund­ Bull. Soc. Franc. Electr.: Bulletin de la Société 21 schau. Francaise des Electriciens. 52 ETZ A (Germany): Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift, 22 Commun. News (GB): Communication News Ausgabe A. (Philips). 53 Elektrotek. Tidsskrift (Norway): Elektroteknisk Tids- 23 CR Acad. Sci (France): Comptes Rendus Heb- skrift. domadaires des Séances de !'Academie des Sciences. 24 Control (GB). 54 Elettrotecnica ( ltaly). 25 Control Engng. (USA): Control Engineering. 55 Elîn -Z (Austria) : Elin Zeitschrift. 26 Direct Current (GB). 56 Elteknik (Sweden).

22 57 Engineer (GB). 81 Jap. J. Appl. Phys.: Japanese Joumal of Applied Physics. 58 Engineers Digest (GB). 82 Jb. AEG Forsch. (Germany) : Forschungsjahrbuch 59 Engng. J. (Canada): Engineering Journal, Engin­ AEG. eering I nstitute of Canada. 83 J. AIEE (USA): Joumal of the American ln­ 60 E. u. M (Austria): Elektrotechnik und Maschin­ stitution of Electrical Engineers. enbau. 84 J. Appl. Phys. (USA): Joumal of Applied Physics. 61 Frequenz (Germany). 85 J. Electranies and Control (GB): Joumal of Elec­ 62 G.E.C.J. (GB): General Electric Co. Journal. tranies and ControL 63 G.E. Rev. (USA): General Electric Review. 86 J. Franklin lnst. (USA): Joumal of the Franklin 64 Hitach i Review (Japan). lnstitute. 65 IEEE Conf. Rec. lndust. Static power conversion: 87 J. lEE (GB) · Joumal of the lnstitute of Electrical IEEE Conference record on lndustrial Static Power Engineers. Conversion held in Philadelphia, USA, 1 -3 Nov., 88 J. lEE Japan: Joumal of the lnstitute of Electrical 1965. Engineers of Japan. (A translation publishad as: 66 IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec. (USA): IEEE Inter­ Electrical Engineering in Japan). national Convention Record. 89 J. lnstn. Engrs (India). 67 IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electrooie Syst. (USA) : 90 J. lnstn. Telecomm. Engrs. (India) : Joumal of the IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electrooie lnstitution of Telecommunication Engineers. Systems. 91 Machine Design. 68 IEEE Trans. Applic. lndustr. (USA): IEEE Transac­ tions on Application and lndustry. Replaced by: 92 Marcani Rev. (GB): Marconi Review. IEEE Transactions on lndustry and General Applica­ tions. 93 Marelli (ltaly). 69 IEEE Trans. Commun. Electranies (USA): IEEE 94 Matrix Tensor Ouart. (GB): Matrix and Tensor Transactions on Communications and Electronics. Quarterly. 70 IEEE Trans. lndustr. Electranies Control lnstrum. 95 Mitsubishi Denki Lab. Rep. (Japan): Mitsubishi (USA): IEEE Transactions on lndustrial Electranies Denki Labaratory Reports. and Control lnstrumentation. 96 Mullard Tech. Commun (GB): Mullard Technica! Communications. 71 IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. (USA): IEEE Transactions on lndustry and General Applications. 97 Nachrichtentechnik (Germany). 72 IEEE Trans. Magnetles (USA): IEEE Transactlans 98 Neue Technik (Switzerland). on Magnetic:;. 99 Onde Elect. (France): L'Onde Electrique. 73 IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst. (USA): IEEE 100 Österr. lngen. Z. (Austria): Österreichische In­ Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems. genieur -Zeitschrift. 74 lndustr. Electranies (GB): lndustrial Electronics. 101 Österr. Z. Elekt. Wirtsch. (ÖZE) (Austria): Öster• reichische Zeitschrift für Elektrizitätwirtschaft. 75 lntemat. J. Elect. Engng. Educ. (GB): International Joumal of Electrical Engineering Education. 1 02 Periodica Polytech. Elect. Engng. ( Hungary) : Periodica Polytechnica (Eiectrical Engineering). 76 IRE lntemat. Conv. Rec. (USA): IRE International Convention record. 103 Power.

77 IRE Trans. lndustr. Electranies (USA): IRE Trans­ 1 04 Prace Ustavu pro Elektrotech: Prace U sta vu pro actions on lndustrial Electronics. Elektrotech n iky CSAV ( Ceskoslovenska).

78 IRE Wescon. Conv. Rec. (USA): IRE Wescon 105 Proc. lEE (GB): Proceedings of the lnstitution of Convention Record. Electrical Engineers. 79 Iron Steel Engr.: Iron and Steel Engineer. 106 Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov. 1965: Proceedings of the Conference of the lnstitution of Electrical 80 lzv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Otdel tekh. Na uk: lzvestya Engineers on Power Applications of Controllable Akademii Nauk, SSSR Otdelenie Tekhnicheskikh Semiconductor Devices at Savoy Place, London, Na uk. 10-11 Nov. 1965.

23 107 Proceedi lngs of thentermag. Conference (USA). 127 Siemens Zeitschrift (Germany).

108 Proc. International Colloquim llmenau. 128 Solid state Electranies (GB). 129 Tech. Phys. (USSR): Technica! Physics ofthe USSR. 1 09 Proceedings of the International Conference on non-linear magnetics. 130 Tekn. Tidskrift (Sweden): Teknisk Tidskrift. 110 Proc. IRE (USA): Proceedings of the lnstitute of Radio Engineers. 131 Trans. AIEE (USA): Transactions of the American lnstitute of Electrical Engineers Pt. I publîshed 111 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA): Proceedings of the bimonthly as "Communication and Electronics" National Academy of Sciences. Pt 11 bimonthly as "Applications and lndustry", Pt 111 bimonthly as "Power Apparatus and Sys­ tems". 112 Proc. Nat. Electranies Conf.: Proceedings of the National Electranies Conference, Chicago, lllinois 1958 132 Trans. Engng. lnst. Canada: Transactions of the Engineering lnstitute of Canada. 113 Radiotekhnika (USSR): (A translation is published as Telecommunications and Radio Engineering, 133 Trans. SAI EE: Transactions of the South African Part 2, Radio Engineering (USA) ). lnstitute of Electrical Engineers.

114 Radiotekhnika i Elektronika (USSR): (A translation 134 Ukrayin. Fiz. Zh. (USSR): Ukrayins'kyi Fuychnyi is published as: Radio Engineering and Electron ie Zhural. Physics). 135 VDE Fachber. (Germany): VDE Fachberichte. 115 RC Ruin. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal.: Rendieanti della Riunione Annuale dell' Associazione Electtrotecnica ltaliana. 136 Vestn. Elektroprom. (USSR): Vestnik Elektropro­ myishlennesti. 116 Regelungstechnik (Germany). 137 Westinghouse Engr. (USA): Westinghouse Engineer. 117 Reports Brit. Elect. Res. Assoc. Reports of the British Electrical Research Association. 138 Wiss. Veröff. a.d. Siemens Konzern : Wissenschaf­ tlichte Veröffentlichungen aus dem Siemens-Kon­ 118 Researches Electrotech. Lab (Japan): Researches zern. of the Electrotechnical Laboratory, Tokyo. 139 Wireless Engr. (GB): Wireless Engineer. 119 Rev. E.: Revue E (Supplement to the Bulletin of the Société Beige des Electriciens (Buil. Soc. Beige 140 Wireless World (GB). Elect.) ) 141 Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. llmenau (Germany): Wis­ 120 Rev. Gen. Elect. ( France): Revue Générale d'Eiec­ senschaftliche Zeitschrift der Technischen Hoch­ tricité. schule llmenau.

121 Rev. Jeumont-Schneider (France): Revue Jeumont­ 142 Wiss. Z. Tech. Univ. Dresden (Germany): Wis­ Schneider. senschaftliche Zeitschrift der Technischen Univer­ sität Dresden. 122 Rev. Sci. lnstrum. (USA): Review of Scientific I nstru ments. 143 Z. Angew. Phys. (Germany) : Zeitschrift für ange­ wandte Physik. 123 Scientia Electrica (Switzerland); ETH (Zürich). 144 Z. Naturforsch. (Germany): Zeitschrift für Naturfor­ 124 Semiconductor Prod. (USA) : Semiconductor Pro­ schung. ducts. 145 Z. Phys. (Germany) : Zeitschrift für Physik. 125 Semiconductor Prod. Solid State Technol. (USA): Semiconductor Products and Solid State Technology. 146 Z. Ver. dtsch. Ing.: Zeitschrift des Vereines deut­ 126 Siemens Rev. (Germany): Siemens Review (English schen lngenieure. translations of selected articles from Siemens Zeit­ schrift). 147 Zeszytty Na uk. Politech. Lodz. Elektryka.

24 6.1 GENERAL PUBLISHED WORK CONCERNING POWER ELECTRONICS, ROTATING ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS, AND MACHINE-ELECTRON ICS

1922 1936 Curchod, A., 12 Sequenz, H., The influence of frequency upon the working of Die Verwendung van Entladungsgefässen bei elek­ asynchronous motors. trischen Maschinen. Rev. Gén.Eiect., 12, 582-585, 1922. EuM, 54, 475-481, 1936.

1925 1937 2 Paschkis, V., 13 Schilling, W., Das Verhalten van Drehstrommaschinen bei ver­ Die Stromverhältnisse beim Schalten und Regeln zerrter Klemmenspannung. elektrischer Widerstandsschweissmaschinen über Arch. Elektrotech, 24, 606-618, 1925. Stromrichter. 3 Dina, A., Arch. Elektrotech., 31. 213-232, 1937. lnfluence of frequency and voltage variations on the behaviour of induction motors. 14 Sequenz, H., Elettrotecnica, 15, 690-700, 1925. Die Verwendung van Entladungsgefässen bei elek­ trischen Maschinen. 1928 E.u.M., 55, 274-380,436-441, 1937. 4 Voorhoeve, N.A. J., Generator voltage regulation by means of high 1938 vacuum valves. 15 Schuisky, W., Arch. Elektrotech, 21, 228-243, 1928. Speed control on induction motors by variatien of supply frequency. 1930 ETZ, 59, (Feb. 1 0) 145-146, 1938. 5 Kron, G., Generalised theory of electrical machinery. 1943 J.A.I.E.E., 49, 302-305, 1930. 16 Hess, H., Ueber schnellaufende Maschinen. 6 Voorhoeve, N. A. J., E. und M. 61, 321-325, 1943. Spanningsregeling van elektrische machines door ontladingsbuizen. 1946 Diss T. H. Delft, 1930. 17 Kravchik, E. D., Analysis of the influence of individual parameters 1932 on the power factor of asynchronous motors. 7 Voorhoeve, N.A. J., Jong, F. H. de, Elektrichestvo, (No. 1 0), 54-55, 1946. Der Philips-Triodenreg Ier. 18 Shturman, G. 1., ETZ, 53, (H 22), 530-532, 1932. The problem of frequency regulation of asyn­ 1933 chronous motors. 8 Lenz, P., Vestn. Elektropromm. (No. 12), 8-16, 1946. Gittergesteuerte Gasentladung als regelbarer Wech­ 1948 selstromwiderstand. Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 497-504, 1933. 19 May, H. J., Reich, H. J., Skalnik, J. G., Thyratron phase-control circuits. 9 Rodewald, E., Electronics, 21 (July, 1948), 107-109, 1948. Der Asynchronmotor bei Betrieb mit kleiner Frequenz. 1949 ETZ, 54, 793-796, 1933. 20 Kasyanov, V. T., 1935 Asynchronous machines for variabie frequency. 1 0 Leonhard, A., Elektrichestvo, (No. 2, Feb.), 38-47, 1949. Ueber die Eigenschaften van Drehstrommotoren für 1951 50 Hz bei Betrieb mit 20 bis 0 Hz. 21 Letrilliart, P ., ETZ, 56, 1215-1218, 1935. Same problems relating to single-phase traction 11 Schilling, W., using phase and frequency converters feeding 3-ph Regelung mittels Stramrichter auf der Primärseite motors. van Einphasentransformatoren kleiner Leistung. Buil. Soc. Franc. Elect. (Ser. 7) 1 (Sept.) 574-84, Arch. Elektrotech., 29, 33-39, 1935. 1951.

25 22 Miles, J. G., 33 Hannakam, L., Bibliography of magnetic amplifier devices and the Universa I digital computer programme for switching saturable reactor art. phenomena on polyphase induction machines. Trans. A.I.E.E., 70, (Pt. 11), 2026-2029, 1951. ETZ-A. 82, (16), 493-501, 1961.

23 Reinhardt, F., 34 Kirichek, G. M., Der Anlauf von Drehstrom-asynchronmotoren als Locus diagrams of the currents of induction motors Schaltvorgang. at variabie frequency. Arch. Elektrotech. (XL) 113, 1951. Elektrichestvo (No. 5, May), 48-52, 1961. 35 Stockman, H. E., 1952 Tunnel-Diode super-regenerative parametrie motor. 24 Gerecke, E., Proc. I.R.E., (Oct.), 1586-1587, 1961. Systematic classification of electric valve apparatus Buil. Assoc. Suisse Elect. 43 (Sept., 6), 727-30, 1952. 36 Taegen, F., Ueber die Oberfeldmomente von Drehstrom­ 1953 Asynchron-motoren mit Käfigläufern. 25 Petrov, B. P., Diss. T. H. Hannover, Fakultät für Maschinenwesen, Automatic control of an electric train with elec­ 1961. tronic converters. 1962 Elektrichestvo, (No. 9), 38-43, 1953. 37 Dahlgren, F., Velocity controlled asynchronous machines. 1957 Tekn. Tidskrift, 92, (14), 365-72, 1962. 26 Dixon, F. F., Tiley, G. L., Low frequency performance of a wound rotor 38 Friebe, H., induction motor for mine-hoist drives. Neue Technik bei elektrischen Bahnen. Trans. AIEE 111,76,1140-5,1957. A.E.G. Mitt., 52, (H. 3/4), 53-63, 1962. (Power Apparatus & Systems (Dec. 1957) ) . 39 Nacke, H., Schwingungsverhalten des Asynchronmotors. 1959 ETZ-A. 83, 793, 1962. 27 Ben Uri, J., Operatien of induction machines at low frequencies. 40 Pfaff, G ., Österr. z. Elekt. Wirtsch. 12 (No. 4, April) 245-50, Dynamische Kennlinien von Drehstrom-Asynchron­ 1959. motoren. Diss. T. H. Hannover, Fak. für Maschinenwesen, Juni 28 Lowry, H. R.; 1962. I ndustrial applications of silicon controlled rectifiers. ETZ-A, 83,388-392, 1962. Proc. I.E.E., Paper 3061 E (International Convention on Transistors and Associated Semiconductor devices) 41 Wallach, Y., (May, 1959, vol. 1 06B, Suppl. 18), 1295-9, 1334-8, Electrical drives incorporating rectifiers. 1959. Thesis for D.Sc. Technion-lsrael, lnstitute of Tech­ nology, Haifa, April, 1962. 1960 29 Jötten, R., 1963 Stand der Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der Stram­ 42 Balkow, J., richter für Antriebe. Application examples for the silicon controlled VDE Fachber., 21. 1/70-1/80, 1960. rectifier. Direct Current. 8, (No. 3), 77, 1963.

30 Meyer, M., Möltgen, G., Wesselak, F., 43 Base, B. K., Der Quecksilberdampf-Stromrichter als Stellglied Electronic speed controL in Regelkreisen. J.lnst. Engrs. (India), Elect. Enging, Div. Vol. 43, No. 8, Siemens Zeitschrift, (H. 1 0), 592-597, 1960. (April), Pt. 1.4, 172-182, 1963.

31 O'Neill, B. J., 44 Godden, A. K., Controlled rectifiers and magnetic amplifiers. The determination of the parameters of electrical Electrical Manufacturing (Feb.). 140-45, 1960. machines appropriate to the application of generali­ sed theory. 1961 M.Sc. thesis, Northampton College of Advanced 32 Foulds, J. G., Technology, London, 1963. The derivation of parameters and equivalent circuits to represent the variabie frequency operatien of 45 Govinda, C. V., Mathur, R. M., small induction motors. Generalised circuit theory of electrical machines. M.Sc. Thesis, Imperia! College of Science and Tech­ J.lnst. Engrs. (India), Elect. Engng. Div. 43, No. 8, nology, University of London, 1961. April), Pt. EL 4, 183-206, 1963.

26 46 Hiller, J., 60 Heumann, K., Jordan, K. G., Application of mode theory to the analysis of Einfluss von Spannungs- und Stromoberschwin­ machine systems. gungen auf den Betrieb von Asynchronmaschinen. Proc. lEE, 110, (Oct.), 1779-86, 1963. 75 Jahre Käfigläufermotoren, AEG, Berlin, 117-122, 1964. 47 lvanov-Smolenskyi, A. V., AEG-Mitt, 54, 117-122, 1964. Simulating the frequency characteristics of syn­ chronous and asynchronous machines. 61 lkari, Vestnik Elektroprom. (No. 5, May), 22-7, 1963. Equivalent circuits of polyphase induction machines in steady state. 48 King, K. G., Elect. Engng. Japan, vol. 84 (No. 8), 75, 1964. The application of silicon controlled rectifiers to the control of electrical machines. 62 Laithwaite, E. R., Proc. lEE, 110, 197-204, 1963. Electrical variabie speed drives. 49 Kirkin, B. J., Engineers Digest 25 (1 0), 115-165, 1964. Experimental determination of the frequency res­ ponse of induction motors. 63 Loocke, G., Elektrichestvo (No. 1. Jan.), 12-16, 1963. Problem of the voltage co-ordination with variabie frequency controlled asynchronous motors. 50 Leonhard, A., AEG Mitt. 54, (No. 1/2), 47-54, 1964. Corrections of the natura! behaviour of electrical machines by control or regulating measures. 64 Peterson, R. S., Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. llmenau, 9. (No. 4}, Block diagrams of rotating machines. 529-533, 1963. Electro-technology, 73 (No. 1 ), Jan., 30-8, 1964.

51 Moore, R. C., 65 Saunders, R. M., Frequency change effects on induction motor Electromechanical energy conversion in double perfarm anee. cylindrical structures. Allis-Chalmers Elect. Rev. 28 (No. 1) 28-31, 1963. IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst., 68,631-638, 1964.

52 Traverso, U., 66 West. J. C., Jayawant, B. V., Williams, G., The use of silicon controlled diodes for the regu­ Analysis of dynamic performance of induction lation of electrical machines. motors in control systems. R.C. (64) Ruin. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal. (Stresa 1963) Proc. lEE, 111. (No. 8), 1468-1478, 1964. Fase. 11, paper 78, 1963. 1965 53 Vaske, P., Ueber die Drehfelder und Drehmomente sym­ 67 Abraham, L., Förster, J., Schliephake, G., metrischer Komponenten in lnduktions-maschinen. A-C motor supply with thyristor converters. Arch. Elektrotech. XLVIII, 97, 1963. IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndustr. static power conversion, Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 210-216, 1965. 54 Zeissig, F., Einige Aussagen zur dynamischen Abbildung des 68 Abraham, L., Förster, J., Schliephake, G., Asynchronmotors am Analogrechner. German developments in thyristor application. Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. llmenau, 9, 523-528, 1963. IEEE Conf. Ree (lndust. static power conversion, Philadelphia 1-3 Nov.), 197-203, 1965. 1964 69 Abraham, L., Koppelmann, F., 55 Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppel man, F., Patschke, U. Käfigläufermotoren mit hoher Drehzahldynamik. Pulsverfahren der Energie-elektronik elektromotor­ AEG-Mitt. 55. (H.2), 118-123,1965. ischer Antriebe. VDE-Fachber, 23, 239-252, 1964. 70 Christofides, N., 56 Bandyopadhyay, A. K., Crigins of load lossesin induction motors with cast An introduetion to the engineering philosophy of aluminium rotors. the generalised machine theory. Proc. lEE, 112. (No. 12), 2317-2332. 1965. Matrix Tensor Ouart., Sept., 6-23, 1964. 71 Cigánek, L., 57 Berman, B., Einfluss der Eisensättigung auf die Kurzschluss­ SCR's in automatic power controL reaktanz des Asynchronmotors. IEEE Trans. lndustr. electranies control instrum. Arch. Elektrotech., 50, (H. 1 ), 49, 1965. IECI-11, (Sept.), 17, 1964. 72 Cushman, R., 58 Hancock, M., Prigmore, B. J., Powertul SCR's connected in parallel, control Thyristors for traction. industry's biggest machinery. Elect. Times (GB) 146, (No. 4, July), 113-16, 1964. Electranies (Oct. 4), 110-120, 1965.

27 73 Erlicki, M. S., Appelbaum, J., 85 Sandler, A. S., Sarbatov, R. S., Optimised parameter analysis of an induction Temperature rises in self-ventilated induction machine. motors having frequency controL IEEE Trans. power apparatus syst. PAS 84, (No. 11 ), Elektrotekhnika, 36, (11 ), 4-6, (Nov. 1965). 1 017-1 024, 1965. 86 Shepherd, W., Stanway, J., 74 Fetscher, W., The silicon controlled rectifier AC-switch for the Dynamisches Verhalten des Drehstrommotors mit control of single phase series and transfarmer Doppelnutläufer. coupled loads. Diss. T. H. Karlsruhe, 1965. IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec. Pt. 9, 155-163, 1965. 87 Shepherd, W., 75 Gerecke, E., Steady-state analysis of the series resistance in­ Steuerbare Siliziumleistungsventile (Thyristoren) ductance circuit controlled by silicon controlled und deren Anwendung für die Steuerung von rectifiers. Gleichstromanlagen sowie von Asynchron- und IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec. Pt. 8,183-193,1965. Synchronmotoren. IEEE Trans lndustr. Gen. Applic.IGA-1, 259-265, 1965 Buil. SEV, 56, (H. 18), 773-789, 1965. 88 Shepherd, W., 76 Gierth, J., Unbalanced voltage control of 3-phase loads by Torque of synchronous motors fed with a variabie the triggering of silicon controlled rectifiers. frequency. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. (May-June), 206- Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. llmenau, 11, No. 1, 33-42, 216, 1965. 1965. 89 Shubenko, V. V., 77 Grekhov, I. V., A quick acting thyristor a.c. drive with numerical Some applications of silicon-controlled power programme controL valves. Elektrichestvo, No. 9, 31-35, 1965. Electric Technology, vol. 1, 122, 1965. 90 Sokolov, M.M., An experimental study of electromagnetic transients 78 Hödle, H., Stemmler, H., in asynchronous motors. Neuartige Traktionsausrüstungen und Steuerungs­ Elektrichestvo, No. 8, 20-25, 1965. verfahren für Wechselstrom-Triebfahrzeuge. BBC Mitt. 52, (H. 9/10}, 706-719, 1965. 91 Sturland, R. W., Alison-Beer, M., Thyristor equipment in the steel industry. 79 Jordan, H. E., Proc.lEE Conf., 10-11 Nov., 250-256,1965. Analysis of induction machines in dynamic systems. IEEE Trans Power Apparatus Syst., PAS-84, (No. 11 ), 92 Tikhmenev, B. H., Rubchinskii, Z. M., Avalanche type silicon rectifiers and possibility for 1 080-1 088, 1965. their use on electric trains. 80 Krause, P. C., Thomas, C. H., Elektriceskaja i teplovoznaja tjaga, Nr. 11, 39-42, 1965 Simuiatien of symmetrical induction machinery. trans!.: Electric and diesel locomotive traction. IEEE Trans power apparatus syst., PAS 84 (No. 11 ), 93 Trickey, P. H., 1 038-1 053, 1 965. Test analysis for equivalent circuit parameters of precision induction motors. 81 Krause, P. C., IEEE Trans power apparatus syts. PAS-84, (No. 11 ), Simuiatien of unsymmetrical 2-phase induction 1094, 1965. machines. IEEE Trans. power apparatus syst. PAS-84, (No. 11 ), 94 Wagner, R., 1025-1037,1965. Elektronischer Gleichstromsteller als Feldsteller für elektrische Maschinen. 82 Machefert-Tassin, Y., Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, (Juni), 729-734, 1965. Silicon rectifier locomotive developments in Europe. 95 Wolski, A., IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. (Jan-Feb}, 72-84, Anwendung von Thyristoren für die Steuerungen 1965. elektrischer Triebfahrzeuge. 83 Preston, F. D., Oesterr. lngen.-Z., 8, (H. 8), 264-273, 1965. Present problems and probable future trends in 96 Wolski, A., large a.c. motors. Thyristoren in Bahntriebfahrzeugen. lEE Conf. Publ. (GB) No. 10, 253-7, 1965. (Applica­ Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, ( H. 6), 623-633, 1965. tions of large industrial drives conference, London, 1965). 1966 84 Prowse, D. W., 97 Abraham, L., Förster, J., Schliephake, G., The application of transistors and thyristors to A.C. motor supply with thyristor converters. minewinder controL IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA-2 (5), 334-340, Trans. S.A. I.E.E. 56, (Oct.), 239-257, 1965. 1966.

28 98 Abraham, L., Koppelman, F., 104 Jacobs, P. C., Die Zwangskommutiering, ein neuer Zweig der Fuse application to solid state motor and power Stromrichtertechnik. controL ETZ-A, 87, (18), 649-658, 1966. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic., IGA-2, (No. 4). 281 -285, 1966. 99 Bates, J. J., Solid-state switching in rotating electrical machines. 1 05 Kümmel, F., Proc.I.EE. 113 (Nr. 2), 338-341, 1966. Anwendung von Leistungshalbleitern in der elek­ trischer Antriebstechnik. 100 Bates, J. J., Sridhar, T.V., Die elektrische Ausrüstung nr. 1 (18 Feb.), 6-11, Thyristor-assisted sliding contact commutation. 1966. Proc.IEE, 113, 339-341, 1966. 106 Lawrenson, P.J., Stephenson, J: M., 1 01 Brisby, K., Dybvig, A., Note on induction machine performance with a Reguiatien of industrial motors by means of variabie frequency supply. thyristors. Proc. lEE 113 (10), 1617, 1966. Elteknik, 9, (No. 2), 13-24, 1966.

102 Gavrilovic, A., 1 07 Nasar, S. A., Basic facts of A.C./O.C. conversion. Solid state switching in rotating electrical Elect. Rev. 178 (No. 8), 296-300, 1966. machines. Proc. JEE, 113, 338-339, 1966. ,03 Gerecke, E., A survey of new methods of power control with 108 Turnbull, Fred. G., thyristors. A carrier frequency gating circuit for static in­ Presidential address, third IFAC Congress, 20-25 verters, converters and cyclo-converters. .lune, 1966, London. IEEE Trans. on Magnetics,MAG-2, (March), 14-17, I.M.E., 1 Birdcage Walk, Westminster, London, SW 1. 1966.

6.2 POWER ELECTRONIC FREQUENCY CHANGERS

1914 114 Demontvignier, M., 109 Tschudy, W., General method of calculating the performance of Experimentelle Untersuchungen am Quecksilber­ mercury-arc rectifiers. dampf-Gieichrichter für Wechselstrom. Rev. Gen. Elect. 15, 493-499, 1924. Diss. ETH Zürich, 1914. 11 5 Krijger, L. P., Six-phase mercury-vapour rectifier. 1919 Arch. Elektrotech. 13, 441 -459, 1924. 110 Keiler, G., Untersuchungen am Ouecksilberdampf-Gieich­ 116 Müller, G. W., richter. The power factor of the mercury-vapour rectifier. Diss. ETH Zürich, 1919. ETZ, 45, (June), 624-626, 1924. 117 Prince, D. C., 1921 Rectifier wave forms. 111 Krijger, L. P., G.E. Rev. 27, 608-615, 1924. The powerfactor in mercury-vapour rectifiers. ETZ 42, 827-828, 1921. 118 Taeger, W., The influence of the choking coil in the uni­ 1923 directional circuit of the mercury rectifier on the 112 Krijger, L. P., power factor of the alternating current. Effect of a mercury rectifier on the power ETZ 45, (July), 774-775, 1924. factor of a supply. ETZ 44, 286-288, 1923. 1925 119 Dällenbach, W., Gerecke, E., 1924 Mercury vapour rectifiers. Arch. Elektrotech. 14 (Jan.), 171-246, 1925. 113 Dällenbach, W., Gerecke, E., Strom- und Spannungsverhältnisse von Gross­ 120 Prince, D. C., gleichrichter. The inverter. Arch. Elektrotech. (H. 2), 171, 1924. G.E. Rev. 28, 676, 1925.

29 121 Schenkel, M., 135 Schenkel, M., v. lssendorff, J., The wattless power consumption of mercury New arrangement of high power rectifier for are rectifiers. power control. inverted operation and frequency ETZ 46, 1369-1371, 1399-1405,1925. conversion. Siemens Zeitschrift, 11, 142-146, 1931. 1926 122 Marti, 0. K., 1932 Rectification of alternating currents. 136 Brown, H. D., J. Al EE, 45, 832-846, di se. 1035-1038, 1926. Grid-controlled mercury-arc rectifiers. 123 Müller, K. E., G.E. Rev., 35, 439-444, 1932. Elementary equation for the pulsating current of mercury are rectifiers. 137 Dällenbach, W., Arch. Electrotech. 16, 113-124, 1926. Stram- und Spannungsverhältnisse gittergesteuer­ ter Gleichrichter. 124 Vallauri, G., ET~ 53, 1059-106~ 1932. Static transformers. Elettrotecnica, 13, 182-188, 205-212, 230-238, 138 Ehrensperger, C. H., 1926. La soupape à vapeur de mercure à grilles pola­ 1928 risées et son utilisation comme convertiseur 125 Gerecke, E., réversible. Six-phase rectifiers with single-phase transformers. Revue Gén. Elect., 469, 1932. Arch. Elektrotech., 19, 449-462, 1928. 139 Feinberg, R., 126 Potthoff, K., Ueber die Umformung von Drehsrtom in Ein­ Theory of Mercury-Arc Rectifiers. phasenstrom mit Umrichtern. Arch. Elektrotech., 19, 301-312, 1928. Diss. T. H. Karlsruhe, Dez. 1932. (Arch. Electrotech., 26, 27, 1932/1933). 127 Prince, D. C., The direct current transfarmer utilizing thyratron 140 Feinberg, R., tubes. Zur Theorie der Drehstrom-Einphasenstrom-Um­ G.E. Rev., 31, 347-350, 1928. formung mit Gleich und Wechselrichtern. Arch. Elektrotech., 26, 200-213, 1932. 1929 128 Huil, A. W., 141 Hafner, H., Hot-cathode thyratrons. Grid-controlled mercury-vapour tube as rever­ G.E. Rev., 32, 390-399, 1929. sible rectifier. Rev. Gen. Elect., 32, 297-314, 1932. 1930 129 Müller-Lübeck, K., 142 Hafner, H., Absolute Power Factor of Rectifiers. La valve à vapeur de mercure avec grilles de ETZ, 51, 1193-1195, 1930. controle et son emploi comme redresseur rever­ sible. 1931 Rev. Gen. Elect. 32, 310, 1932. 130 Glaser, A., (See previous reference). Quecksilberdampf-Gieichrichter mit Glühkathode. ETZ, 52, 829, 1931. 143 Hafner, H., Das gittergesteurte Quecksilberdampfventil als 131 Jungmichl, H., Gleichrichter und Gleichstrom-Wechselstrom-Um­ Harmonies in the primary current of rectifier former. installations. Bulletin Oerlikon (No. 134-135), 725-728, 1932. ETZ, 52, 171-178, 1931.

132 Rissik, H ., 144 Henderson, F. E., Mercury-arc rectifiers. The Thyratron. Elect. Rev. 108, 991-992, 1931. Wireless World and Radio Rev., 30, 29-32, 1932.

133 Robertson, A. S., Say, M. G., 145 Klemperer, H., Wave form of the mercury-arc power rectifier. Der Stramrichter als Wechselstromlast. Roy. Techn. Coll. Glasgow, J. 2, 503-521, 1931. Arch. Elektrotech., 26, 710-722, 1932.

134 Sabbah, C. A., 146 Laub, H., Series-parallel type static converters. lnverters. G.E. Rev., 34, 288-301, 580-589, 738-744, 1931. E.u.M., 50, 317-325, 332-338, 1.932.

30 147 Löbl, 0., 160 Stöhr,M., Bahnumrichter System Löbi/RWE. Technische Grundlagen der elastischen Kupplung Elekt. Bahnen, 8, 65-69, 1932. von Wechselstromnetzen mittels gesteuerter Ent­ ladungsgefässe. 148 Löbl, Laub, Stöhr, Arch. Elektrotech., 26. 143-167, 1932. Diskussionsbeitrag zu M. Schenkel: Technische Grundlagen und Anwendungen gesteuerter 161 Tompkins, F. N., Gleichrichter und Umrichter. The parallel type inverter. ETZ, 53,775-777,781-783,783-785 (H. 32), 1932. AIEE Trans., 51.707-714, 1932. 149 Marti, 0. K., 162 Tröger, R., Mercury are rectifier applied to a-c railway Technische Grundlagen und Anwendungen der electrification. Stromrichter. Al EE Trans., 51, 659-668, 1932. Elektr. Bahnen, 8, 51 -58, 1932. 150 Marti, 0. K., 163 Wechmann, W., Rectifier avoids need for electrification frequency Physikalische Grundlagen der Stromrichter. conversion. Elektr. Bahnen, 8, 46-50, 1932. Electrical World, 14, 1932. 164 Willis, C. H., 151 Meyer- Delius, H., Harmonie commutation for thyratron inverters and Die Blindleistung in Gleich- und Umrichter- rectifiers. anlagen. · G.E. Rev., 35, 632-638, 1932. Elektrizitätawirtschaft, 1 04, 1932. 1933 152 Meyer- Delius, H., 166 Feinberg, R., Die Entwicklung des gittergesteuerten Oueck­ Zur Theorie der Drehstrom-Einphasenstrom-Um­ silberdampfgleichrichters zum Universalumformer. formung mit Hüllkurven-Umrichtern. BBC-Nachr., 82 (H. 5), 1932. Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 539-557, 1933. 153 Meyer-Delius, H., 1 67 Feinberg, R., Die Strom- und Spannungsverhältnisse in Ania­ Ratio of primary to secondary reactive VA in the gen zur Umrichtung von Drehstrom mit 50 Hz in mercury-arc frequency converter. Einphasenstrom mit 16 2/3 Hz. E.u.M., 51, 457-460, 1933. Elekt. Bahnen, 8, 59-64, 1932. 168 Hameister, G., 154 Petersen, W., Eine Prüfschaltung für einanodige Stromrichter. Diskussionsbeitrag zu M. Schenkel. Technische E.u.M., 51, 321-324, 1933. Grundlagen und Anwendungen gesteuerter­ Gieichrichter und Umrichter. 169 Kabel, 0., ETZ, 53, 771-775, 1932. Unterbrechung eines brennenden Anodenstromes mittels Gitter in Quecksilberdamf-, Gleich- oder 155 Schenkel. M., Wechselrichtern. Principle and developments of the grid-controlled Schweizer Bulletin, p. 41, 1933. recttfier and inverter. ETZ, 53, 761-770 (H. 32), 1932. See 158. 170 Kasperowski, 0., Rückwirkung von Stromrichtern auf das speisende 156 Schenkel, M., Drehstromnetz. Eine unmittelbare asynchrone Umrichtung für Elektr. Bahnen, 9, 255, 1933. niederfrequente Bahnnetze. Elekt. Bahnen, 8, 69-73, 1932. 171 Klemperer, H., Strobl, K., Der Stramrichter bei kapazitiver Last. 157 Schenkel, M., Von lssendorf, J., Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 485-488, 1933. Neue Anwendungen der Grossgleichrichter für Spannungs-und Leistungsregelung, Energierück• 172 Laub, H., gabe, Hochspannungsübertragung und Frequenz­ Oparation of a grid-controlled rectifier. umformung. ETZ, 54, 693-695, 1933. Siemens Zeitschrift, p 142, 1932. 173 Laub, H., 1 58 Schenkel, M ., Die Wirkungsweise netzgeführter Wechselrichter. Technische Grundlagen und Anwendungen git­ ETZ, 54. 693, 1933. tergesteuerter Gleichrichter und Umrichter. (See previous reference). ETZ, 53, p. 761, 1932. 174 Laub,H., 159 Steiner, H. C., Gable, A. C., Maser, H. T., Urnrichter (Drehstrom- Einphasenstrom-Umfor­ Engineering features of gasfilled valves. mung). Elect. Engng. 51, 312-318, 1932. Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 215-226, 1933.

31 175 Leukert, W., 189 Brunner, G., Rückwirkung gittergesteuerter Gleichrichter auf Mercury-arc inverters for regenerative braking on Drehstromnetze. traction systems. Siemens Zeitschrift , Heft 4, 1933. Brown Boveri Rev., 21, 224-228, (Dec.). 1934.

176 Meyer-Delius, H ., 190 Brunner, G., Die Oberwellen der Gleichspannungen und des Die Verwendung des Gleichstrom-Wechselstrom primairen Netzstromes in Gleichrichteranlagen. Mutators für die Nutzbremsung in Bahnanlagen. ETZ, 54, 959, 1933. BBC Mitt., 224, 1934.

177 Meyer-Delius, H., 191 Ehrensperger, C. H .• Einfluss von Gleichstromoberwellen eines Ein­ Urnrichter mit Stram- und Spannungsglätter zur phasenstromrichters auf die Phasenverschiebung elastischen Kupplung eines Dreiphasennetzes 50 des primären Netzstromes. per/sec mit einem Einphasennetz 19 2/3 per/sec. Elektr. Bahnen, 9, 181 -184, 1933 ( H. 8). BBC Mitt., 96, 1934.

178 Müller-Lübeck, K., Uhlmann, E., 192 v. Engel, A .. Klemperer, H., Die Stram- und Spannungsverhältnisse der gitter­ Current extinction, wave-form and reactive load gesteuerten Gleichrichter. in inverters. Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 347-373, 1933. Wiss. Veröff. a.d. Siemens Konzero 13, 38-62, 1934. 180 Reich, H. J., 193 Greco, A., Relaxation inverterand O.C. Transformer. Die Brown- Bovair Wechselstrom-Gieichstrom Rev. Sci. lnstrum. 4, 147-152, 1933. Mutatoren ausgerüsteten Unterstationen der lta­ 181 Reinhardt. G., lienischen Staatsbahnen. Untersuchungen am Urnrichter mit Gleichstrom­ BBC Mitt .• 222, 1934. Zwischenkreis. Diss. T. H. Hannover, Juli 1933. 194 Herskind, C. C., (Ausz. in E & M. 52). Grid-controlled mercury-arc rectifiers and inver­ ters. 182 Runge, 1., Beckenbach, H., Elect. Engng. 53, 926-935, 1934. loverter Design. Zeitschrift f. Techn. Physik 14, 377-385, 1933. 195 Keiler, H., Laad diagram of the inverter. 183 Schilling, W .. Brown Boveri Rev., 21, 228-233, (Dec.), 1934. Die Berechnung der elektrischen Verhältnisse in einphasigen selbsterregten Wechselrichtern. 196 Kern. E. Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 28-34, 1933. Die elastische Kupplung unabhängiger Dreh­ stromnetze mit Hilfe eines einzigen Stromrichters. 184 Schilling, W., BBC Mitt., 21, 214-218, 1934. Design of single-phase inverters. Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 22-34, 1933. 197 Leukert, W., See 183. Ueber Stromwellenkompensation in Primärstrom von Stromrichteranlagen. 185 Seyfert. S. S., VDE-Fachberichte, 103, 1934. Synchronous machanical rectifier-inverter. AIEE, Trans. 52, 397-408, 1933. 198 Meyer-Delius, H., Ein elastischer Urnrichter ohne Verzerrung der 186 Uhlmann, E., primären Netzströme. Der Parallelbetrieb von gittergesteuerten Gleich­ VD E- Fachberichte, 111 -113, 1934. richtern. Arch. Elektrotech., 27, 586-596. 199 Micza, A .. Ueber die Gitterkreise von gesteuerten Strom­ 187 Uhlmann, E., richtern. Die Verbesserung des Leistungsfaktors der gitter­ E.u.M., 52, 465-470, 1934. gesteurten Gleichrichter mittels zusätzlicher Ano­ den. 200 Mitsuda, R., Matuura, Z., Sato, 1., E.u.M., 51. 649-651, 1933. Mercury arc-inverters. Researches of the Electrotach Lab. No. 372 (36 pp.) 1934 1934. 188 Blaich, E., Ueber selbsterregte fremdgesteuerte Wechsel­ 201 Rachel, A., richter in Gegentaktschaltung. Convertor developments. Diss. T. H. München, Jan. 1934. AEG Mitt. (10) (Oct.), 307-315, 1934.

32 202 Rayhrer, G., 215 Baudisch, K., Leukert, W., Untersuchungen am selbsterregten Gegentakt Stramrichter für Hochstromanlagen. Wechselrichter. ETZ, 56. 1141, 1935. Diss. T. H. München, Jan., 1934. 216 Bedford, B. D., Elder, F. R., Willis, C. H., Burnett, 203 Reinhardt, G., J. H., Untersuchungen am Urnrichter mit Gleichstrom­ Rectifier characteristics with interphase commu­ Zwischenkreis. tation. E.u.M., 52, 261-266, 277-282, 1934. G.E. Rev., 38, 499-504, 1935. 217 Bosch, M., Kasperowski, 204 Reinhardt, G., Die Steuerumrichter-Versuchsanlage der Siemens Mercury-arc convertors with intermediate DC Schuckertwerke A.G. im Reichsbahn-Saalach­ circuit. kraftwerk. E.u.M. 52, 261-266, 1934. Elekt. Bahnen, 11, 235-249, 1935. Translation of 203. 218 Denzel, P., 205 Roy, T., Smoothing arrangements for 6-phase Grid-con­ Grid-controlled mercury-arc Rectifiers. trolled rectifier. Bull. Soc. Franc. Elect., 4, 583-604, 1934. AEG Mitt., 12, 381 -383 (Dec.), 1935.

206 Stöhr, M., 219 Engel, A., und Klemperer, H ., Effect of controlled rectifiers on the supply Stromlösung, Wellenfarm und Blindleistung bei network. Wechselrichtern. AEG Mitt. (10) (Oct.), 328-332, (11) (Nov.), Wiss. Veröff. a.d.Siemens Konzern, 14 (2), 1935. 348-353, 1934. 220 Feinberg, R. 207 Stöhr, M., Die Primärblindleistung bei der Frequenzwandlung Effect of mercury-arc convertors on the A.C. eines Wechelstromes durch einen Umrichter. network. Elekt. Bahnen, 11, 151 -157, 1935. VDE Fachber., 108-111, 1934. 221 Hauffe, F., 208 Troeger, R., Die Umformung von Gleichstrom in einphasigen Urnrichter mit Stram- und Spannungsglätter zur Wechselstrom mittels selbsterregter Speicher­ elastischen Kupplung eines Dreiphasen-Netzes, wechselrichter. 50 Perioden mit einem Einphasennetz 16 2/3 Arch. Elektrotech., 29, 395-416, 1935. Perioden. BBC Mitt. p. 96, 1934. 222 lssendorff, J. van, Controlled inverters. 209 Tröger, R .. Wiss. Veröff. a.d. Siemens Konzern 14 No. 3, 1-31, 4000 kVA-Umrichter. 1935. Elektr. Bahnen, 10, 15-19, 1934. 223 Kettner, K., Reinhardt, G., 210 Wagner, C. F., Ludwig, L. R., Connections and control of direct inverters. lgnitron type of inverter. ETZ, 56, 829-832, 861-863, 1935. Elect. Engng. 53, 1384-1388, 1934. 224 Kuo, Teh-hsin, 211 Winstanley, W. M., Current and voltage retationship in a self-excited M ercury-Arc Rectifiers. i nverter system. Trans SAIEE, 25, 70-86, 1934. Disc. 1934, 86-89 Zeitschrift f. Physik., 93, 11-12, 769-788, 1935. and 109-110. 225 Laurent P. G., 1935 Mercury-arc rectifiers. 212 Babat, G. Bull. Soc. Franc. Elect., 5, 751-795, (Aug.), 1935. Grid-controlled rectifier with zeropoint anode. Disc. 796-800. Journat lEE, 76 (April), 397-406, 1935. 226 Leuthotd, A., 213 Babat, G., Ein neuer Markstein in der Entwicklung der Mehrphasenschaltungen gittergesteuerter Gleieh­ Mutatoren. Die ersten Anlagen für Stromrück• richter mit Nullpunktanoden und Saugdrosseln. gewinnung im strengen Vollbahnbetrieb. E.u.M., 53, 303-308, 1935. BBC Mitt., 142, 1935.

214 Barz, F., 227 Maier, K., Spannungsoberwel en bei Umrichtern. Die Stram- und Spannungsverhältnisse in der Diss. T. H. Breslau, Dez. 1935. dreiphasigen Gleichrichter-Graetzschaltung. Arch. Elektrotech., 30. H. 5, 1935. E.u.M., 53, 577-581, 1935.

33 228 Müller, S., 242 Engel, A. van, Oberwellen, Welligkeit und Störspannung gitter­ Die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der elektrischen gesteuerter Gleichrichter unter Berücksichtigung Bogenentladungen und ihre technische Bedeu­ wechselstromseitiger lnduktivitäten. tung. Diss. T. H. Breslau, Mai 1935. E. und M., 54, Heft. 28, 1936.

229 Neidhart, H. U., 243 Feinberg, R., Untersuchung der Frequenzhaltung am selbst­ Die Gittersteuerung beim unmittelbaren Dreh­ gesteuerten und selbsgeführten Parallel-wech­ strom- Einphasenmutator. selrichter im resonanzähnlichen Zustand. Bul I. SEV., 27, 566-571, 1936. Arch. Elektrotech., 29, 241-258, 1935. 244 Gillon, G., 230 Nonnenmacher, K., Series inverter. Untersuchungen über Bemessungsgrundlagen des Rev. Gen. Elect., 39, 915-926, (June 27,) 1936. Quecksilberdampfgleichrichters. Diss. T. H. Berlin, Juli 1935. 245 Hoffman, J., Marchal, G., 231 Schilling, W., New application of the rectifier. Die Berechnung des einphasigen Reihenwech­ Rev. Gen. Elect., 39, (March), 407-414, 1936. selrichters bei Ohmseher Belastung. Arch. Elektrotech., 29, 459-473, 1935. 246 Huil, A. W., O.C. to A.C. conversion by thyratrons. 232 Schilling, W., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 22, (June), 389-393, 1936. Die Berechnung des Parallelwechselrichters bei Ohmseher Belastung. 247 lssendorf, J., v., Archiv. Elektrotech., 29, 119-130, 1935. Der gesteuerte Umrichter. Wiss. Veröff. a.d.Siemens Konzern, 15, Heft. 3, 1936. 233 Wagner, C. F., Parallel inverter with resistive laad. 248 Kövessi, F., AIEE trans. 1227-1235, (Nov.) 1935. Ein Einphasen- Dreiphasen Bahnbetriebs-system 234 Wagner, C. F., mit Stromrichter. Parallel inverter with resistance laad. Diss. T. H. Berlin, 1936. Elect. Engng., 54, 1227-1235, (Nov. 1935). (Aus Elekt. Bahnen 1936, Dec.). ( See previous reference). 249 Leukert, W., Kübler, E., 235 Watanabe, V., Takano, T., Goto, H., Oberwellenbelastung van Drehstromnetzen durch Performance characteristics of a parallel-type Stromrichter. inverter. E. und M., 54, 37-44, 52-55, 1936. J. lEE, Japan, 55, 94-99, (Feb.), 1935. 250 Pernier, A., Ghiron, E. F., 1936 Electrical networks employing rectifiers. 236 Babat, G., Alta Frequenza, 5, 104-116, (Feb.) 1936. Wechselrichter mit Nullpunktventil. E.u.M., 54, 313-321, 1936. 251 Schmidek, A. J., Grundlagen der Wechselrichtung. 237 Barz, F., Arch. Elektrotech., 30, 347-367, 1936. Spanningsoberwellen bei Umrichtern. Arch. Elektrotech., 30, 281 -308, 1936. 252 Schulze, E., 238 Baudisch, K. und Leukert, W., Harmonie measurements on six-phase grid­ Stramrichter zum Leistungsaustausch zwischen controlled mercury-arc-rectifier. Drehstrom- und Gleichstromnetz. VDE Fachber, 111-113, 1936. ETZ, 57, 1296, 1936. 253 Wagner, C. F., 239 Bedford, B. D., Elder, F. R., Willis, C. H., Parallel inverter with inductive laad. Power transmission by direct current. AIEE Trans. 55, 970-980, (Sept.) 1936. G.E. Rev., 39, 220-224, 1936. 254 Watanabe, V., Aoyama, R., 240 Demontvignier, M., Mercury-pool cathode single-tube inverter. Mercury-arc rectifier conneetion for regeneration. J. lEE Japan, 56, 983-990, Sept., 1936. Rev. Gen. Elect., 39, (March), 351-359,1936.

241 Ehrensperger, C., 1937 Development and application of mercury-arc 255 Aymanns, K., rectifiers. lnfluence of network capacitance on current Buil. Assoc. Suisse Elect., 27, 685-693, (Nov. 27,) harmonies in rectifier plant. 1936. ETZ, 58, 499-503, 1937.

34 256 de Blieux, E. V., 270 Uhlmann, E., Characteristics, design and applications of rectifier­ Verbesserung des Leistungsfaktors von gitter­ transformers, Part IV, Special applications-inver­ gesteuerten Mehrphaseng leichrichtern. ters. E. und M., 55, 309-313, 323-326, 1937. G.E. Rev., 40, 590-593, 1937. 1938 257 Feinberg, R., 271 Bulla, W., Die Blindleistung von Stromrichtern Ein Spannungsdiagramm für Stromrichter. E und M., 55, 137-143, 1937. E. und M., 56,257-261, 1938. 258 Fouquet, W., 272 Fässler, E., Berechnung der Kreisstrome für die Kreuzschal­ Die Stromoberwelfen auf der Wechselstromseite tung zweier Stromrichter. von Stromrichtern. Arch. Elektrotech., 31, 324-332, 1937. Arch. Elektrotech., 32, 640-654, 1938. 259 Herskind, C. C., 273 Fässler, E., Mutators, new type of d-e- transformers. Spannungswelfigkeit Stromwelligkeit und Stör• Elect. Engng., 56, 1372-1378, 1937 (Nov.). spannungen von Mutatoren. Efectrical Engineering, 56. 1372-1378, 1937 (Nov.). BBC Mitt., 25. 134, 1938. 260 Jungmichl. H., Steckmann, E., 274 Higham, J., Wolfenden, J. P., Die Oberwelfen auf der Gleichstromseite in Voltage regulation of the six-phase fork connected Stromrichteranlagen. grid-controlled, mercury-arc rectifier. Arch. Elektrotech., 31. 191 -196, 1937. lEE J. 83, 171-175 (Aug.), 1938. 261 Jungmichl, H., Oberwelfen und Welligkeit und Störspannung bei 275 Jovy, R. K.. Stromrichtern. Untersuchungen an Umrichtern zur Umformung ETZ, 58,417-420,1937. von Ein- oder Mehrphasenstrom gegebener Frequenz in solchen höherer Frequenz. 262 Jungmichf, H., Schiele, 0., Diss. T. H. Aachen, Sep. 1938. Voltage harmonies of mercury-arc frequency con­ vertors. 276 Kübler, E., Wiss. Veröff a.d. Siemens Konzern, 16, 1. 25-37, Primärstrom von Stromrichteranlagen mit un­ 1937. gleichmässig verteilten sekundärphasen. E. und M., 56, 601-607, 1938. 263 Kübler, E., Oberwelfengrundgesetze der Stromrichtertechnik 277 Marx, E., in physikalischer Ableitung. Stramrichter mit beliebig veränderlichem Leis­ E. und M., 55,457-461,1937. tungsfaktor. ETZ, 59, 357-360, 1938. 264 Lamm, U., Lindahl, G., Rolling-mil! instalfation with grid-controlfed rec- 278 May, E., tifiers. · Applications of the hot cathode gasfilled triode ASEA J. 14, 106-120, (Aug.) 1937. valve. Elect. Times, 94, 307-309, Sep. 8, 1938. 265 Reinhardt, G .. Urnrichter mit und ohne Energiespeicher. 279 Meessen, W., VDE Fachber, 1937. Ermittlung der Kreisströme für die Kreuzschaltung zweier Stromrichter auf graphischem Wege. 266 Schiele, 0., E. und M .. 56, 693-697, 1938. Die Saugdrossel bei gittergesteuerten Gleich­ richtern. 280 Ostendorf, W., Arch. Elektrotech., 31, 749-755, 1937. Der fremdgeführte Wechselrichter in Gegentakt­ schaltung. 267 Schulze, E., Diss. T. H. Hannover, Feb. 1938. Zwölfphasen-Gieichrichter im Betrieb. (Aus Arch. Elektrotech. Bd. 32, H. 6). ETZ, 58, 921-979, 1937.

268 Steizoff, J. A., 281 Publications on the subject of mutators and their Mercury-vapour grid controlled rectifiers. accessories by collaborators of the Brown Boveri Franktin lnst. J., 224, 55-75, (July) and 191-215 concern. (Aug.) 1937. B.B.C. Rev. (May-June), 136-139, 1938.

269 Ströbl, K., 282 Schiele, 0., lnduktivitäten in Gleichrichterschaltungen. Die Einphasenspannung des Steuerumrichters. Arch. Elektrotech., 31, 594-608, 1937. Arch. Elektrotech., 32, 102-113, 1938.

35 283 Schilling, W., 297 Schilling, W., Berechnung von Kurzschlussströme in Gleich­ Die Stromverteilung in Drehstromtransformatorero richterschaltu ngen. bei ungleichmässig verteilter Belastung mit E. und M ., 56, 653-661, 1938. Gleichrichterströmen. E. und M., 57, 360-364, 1939. 284 Teago, F. J., The multiphase mutator. 298 Ströbl, K., Electrician, 120, April 1, 419-420, 1938. Uebersicht über die bisherige und Ausblick auf 285 Zilitinkewitsch, S., die zukünftige Entwicklung der Umrichter. Theory of rectifier operation on ohmic resistance E. und M., 57, 39-42, 1939. and capacitance. Tech. Phys. USSR 5 (2) 96-124, 1938. 299 Ströbl, K., Ueber die Zusammenhänge zwischen den Kurven­ 1939 formen der Primär und der Sekundärspannung 286 Baudisch, K., Siemens, A., beim Stramrichter ohne Energiespeicher. Neuere Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiete der E. und M., 57, 201 -211, 1939. Ouecksilberdampfstromrichter und ihrer Anwen­ dungen. 300 Watanabe, Y., Outi, M., E. und M., 57, 453-462, 473-478, 1939. New inverting method using mechanica! commu­ tator and grid-controlled mercury are rectifier. 287 Brückner, P., E.T.J., 3, June, 133-139, 1939. Der selbstgeführte Wechselrichter in Gegentakt­ schaltung. 1940 Diss. T. H. Hannover, Juni 1939. Arch. Elektrotech., 34, H. 1. 301 Brückner, P., Der selbstgeführte Wechselrichter in Gegentakt­ 288 Bulla, W., schaltung. Bestimmung der Kreisströme zweier Stramrichter Arch. Elektrotech., 34, 1-14, 1940. in Kreuzschaltung mit Hilfe des Spannungs­ diagrams. 302 Burisch, N., Arch. Elektrotech., 33, 402-440, 1939. Die Bemessung von Kurzschlussdrosseln zum Schutz von Ouecksilberdampf-Gieichrichtern. 289 Evans, R. D., Muller, H. N., E. und M ., 58, 441 -446, 1940. Harmonies in the a.c. circuits of grid controlled rectifiers and inverters. 303 Fässler, E., Trans. AIEE, 58, 861-868, 1939. Der Einfluss von Oberwellen im Drehstromnetz 290 Feinberg, R., auf die harmonischen der Gleichspannung und Frequency-changing with mercury are mutators. des Netzstromes von Stromrichtern. I EE J. 85, (Oct.) 531-543, 1939. Arch. Elektrotech., 34, 209-229, 1940.

291 Hartel. W., 304 Fässler, E., Ausgleichströme in Stromrichterantrieben. On the action of the 3-phase/3-phase mutator. Arch. Elektrotech., 33, 545-553, 1939. Bul I. Assoc. Suisse Elect., 31, 34-40, Jan. 26, 1940. 292 Kouskoff, G., Expressions for the anode potentials and currents 305 Giroz, H., necessary for an ionic valve system. Transformation of direct into alternating current Rev. Gen. Elect., 45, April 15, 461-470, 1939. by static apparatus. Bul I. Soc. Franc. Elect., 6, 1014-1044, Sept., 1940. 293 McDonald, G. R., Voltage control of mercury are rectifiers. 306 Marti, 0. K., Trans. AIEE, 58, Nov. 563-566, 1939. Network coupling by means of static electronic hequency-changeffi. 294 Ostendorf, W., Trans. AIEE, 59, Sept., 495-503, 1940. Die wirksamen Streu-induktivitäten von Gleich­ richterumspannern. 307 Müller-Strobel, J., Arch. Elektrotech., 33, 440-457, 1939. On the calculation of the d.c.-a.c. mutator by 295 Overbeck, W. P., means of the Laplace-transformation. Critica! inductance and controlled rectifiers. Bul I. Assoc. Suisse, Elect., 31, (Nov.), 508-522, Proc. IRE, 27, Oct. 655-659, 1399. 1940. 296 Rissik, H., 307 Müller-Strobel, J., Harmonie voltage generation in polyphase rectifier Ein Beitrag zur Berechnung der Gleich-Wechsel­ circuits. strom Mutators mittels der L. Transformation. Electrician, 123, 146, 148, 149, 151, Aug. 11, 1939. Bul I. SEV, 31, 508, 1940.

36 308 Müller-Strobel, J., 322 Schiele, 0., Harte!, W., lnstability phenomena with self-controlled parallel Die Spitzenbrecherdrossel 1n Gleichrichter-bet­ d.c./3-phase mutators. rieb. Bul I. Assoc. Suisse Elect., 31, March, 21, 134-141, E. und M., 59, 362-366- 1941. 1940. 323 Uhlmann, E., 309 Nolen, H. G., Simple procedure for calculating harmonies in d.c. Die Stramharmonischen und der Leistungsfaktor voltage and line currents of mutators. bei Drei- und Sechsphasen-Gieichrichteranlagen. Buil. Assoc. Suisse Elect., 32, 165-167, (April) 1941. E. und M., 58, 152-156, 1940. 324 Wasserab, Th., 310 Rissik, H., Die Drehstrombrückenschaltung für Stromrichter. Harmonic-current generation in polyphase rectifier E. und M., 59, 3-9, 1941. circuits. Electrician, 124, Jan. 19, 37-39, 1940. 1942 311 Rissik, H., 325 Anschütz, H., Harmonie power consumption of polyphase ree­ Messungen in Stromrichteranlagen. tifier systems. E. und M., 60, 344-352, 1942. Joumal lEE, 86, June, 568-574, 1940. 326 Bertele, H. v., Wasserab, Th., 312 Schilling, W., Umschaltschwingungen in Stromrichteranlagen. Der Stosskurzschlussstrom in Gleichrichterscal­ E. und M., 60, 332-338, 1942. tungen. E. und M., 58, 229-237, 1940. 327 Feinberg, R., Static conversion of direct current to alternating 313 Stenning, L. C., current with grid-controlled mercury-arc mutators. Performance of commutator inverters. JIEE, Part I, 89, 462-470, 1942. Wireless Engr., 17, 517-526, Dec. 1940. 328 Koppelman, F., 314 Tompkins, F. N., Die elektrotechnischen Grundlagen des Kontak­ Operation of a self-excited inverter. turnfarmers 11. Electronics, 13, (No. 81, Sept.), 36-39, 1940. E. und M., 60, 189-194, 1942.

315 Werners, P., 329 Koppelman, F., Verfahren zur Berechnung der Stramoberwellen Die elektrotechnischen Grundlagen des Kontak­ in Ventilkreisen. turnfarmers 111. Arch. Elektrotech., 34, 383-396, 1940. E. und M., 60, 368-377, 1942.

330 Leonhard, A., 1941 Frequenz- und Spannungsverhältnisse in einem 316 Erlach, J., durch Wechselrichter gespeisten Drehstromnetz. Graphisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Ober­ E. und M., 60, 494-499, 1942. wellen van Stromrichtern. Jb. AEG Forsch., 8, 65-69, 1941. 331 Meyer, K., Die Sperspannung der Stramrichter üblicher 317 Frege, C., Schaltung und Steuerung. Blindleistungstromrichter. E. und M., 60, 60-64, 1942. Diss. T. H. Braunschweig, Jan. 1941. 332 Reinhardt G., 318 Goldstein, A., Die Durchflutung des Primärtransformators bei Characteristics of grid-controlled 6-phase d.c./ Umrichtern. 3-phase mutators. Arch. Elektrotech., 36, 615-622, 1942. Buil. Ass. Suisse Elect., 32, 614-623, 1941. 333 Schilling, W., 319 Koppelman, F., Gittersteuerung und Blindleistung in der Strom­ Die elektrotechnischen Grundlagen des Kontakt­ richtertechnik. Umformers. E. und M., 60, 508-511, 1942. E. u. M., 59, 253-262, 1941. 334 Schilling, W., 320 Müller-StrobeL J., Die Ströme im Doppeldreiphasengleichrichter bei Ausgleichvorgänge in Wechselrichtern. Rückzundung. Arch. Elektrotech., 35, 45-65, 1941. E. und M., 60, 425-431, 1942.

321 Reinhardt, G., 335 Schilling, W., Schaltungen zur Gittersteuerungen van Strom­ Die Ströme im sechsphasen-Gieichrichter bei richtern. Rückzündungen. E. und M., 59,436-441, 1941. E. und M., 60,217-224, 1942.

37 336 Waldvogel, P., 348 Brückner, P.. Additional losses in transfarmers and machines Reactive power generation and control with feeding mutators. inverter-fed a.c networks. Brown Boveri Rev., 29, 357-373, 1942. ETZ, 69 (Feb.), 52-60, 1948.

1943 349 Chervonenekis, Y. M., 337 Anschütz, H ., Analytica! and graphical determination of amp­ Schalt- und Schutzeinrichtingen im Stromrichter­ litudes and phases of higher current and voltage anlagen. harmonies in controlled rectifiers and inverters E. und M., 61, 637-639, 1943. having a cathode choke of infinite impedance. Buil. Acad. Sci., USSR, Dep. Tech. Sci. No. 4, 338 Klaudy, P., 449-58, 1948. Ueber das Verhalten von Stromwandlern ( -rich­ ter) bei Schaltvorgängen und damit zusammen­ 350 Mercury-arc power converters in North America. hängende Fragen. Trans. AIEE, 67 (Pt. 11), 1031-59, 1948. Hab. Schrift. T. H. Wien, Okt. 1943. 339 Schumann, W. 0., 351 Tröger, R.. Ueber die Erzeugung von Wechselstromschwin­ Cyclonconverters for the current supply of main­ gungen mit dem gesteuerten Bogen. line railways. Arch. Elektrotech., 37, 59-86, 1943. ETZ, 69, (Dec.), 379-83, 1948. 340 Tröger, R., Verbundbetrieb von unabhängig steuerbaren 1949 Stromrichtersystemen. 352 Asta, A., E. und M., 61. 89-99, 1943 (H. 9/10). Mercury vapour inverters in the conneetion between d.c. machines and a.c. networks. 1945 R.C. Riun. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal.. 2, 269-77 (Sept. 341 Read, J. C .. Oct.), 1949. The ca Ie u lation of rectifier and inverter performance characteristics. 353 Douma, T., JIEE, 92. Pt. 11, 495-509, 1945. A new method for converting d.c. energy into high frequency a-c energy with a high efficiency, 1946 specially intended for high-frequency induction heating. I. 342 Boyer, J. L., Hagensick, C. G., Commun. News, 10, 52-63, 1949, June. H.V. ignitron rectifiers and inverters for railraad service. 354 Douma, T., Trans. AIEE, 65, July, 463-470, 1946. A new methad for converting d-e energy into h.t. 343 Edwards. D.V., Smith, E. K., a-c energy with a high efficiency, speciaHy for Circuit cushioning of gas filled grid-controlled h.f. induction heating 11. rectifiers. Commun. News, 10. 69-82, 1949, Oct. Trans. AIEE, 65. 640-643, (Oct.) 1946. 355 Schilling, W., 344 Fässler, E., Der gesteuerte Gleichrichter in statischen Kurz­ An enquiry into the network-side voltages and schluss. currents in mutators. ETZ, 70, 203, 1949. Bull. Assoc. Suisse, Elect., 37. 677-688, 1946.

1947 1950 345 Durand, S. R., Mercury are frequency changing equipment for 356 AIEE Electronic Power Converters Committee induction heating. (Chairman C. C. Herskind). Iron Steel Engr. 24. April, 102-8, 1947. Proteetion of electronic power converters. Trans Al EE, 69, 813-839, 1950. 346 Kostenko, M. P., Neiman, L P., Electromagnetic processes in power rectifiers and 357 Gras!, H ., their relation to the parameters of the power Transient performance of the self-excited parallel­ supply system. inverter. Elektrichestvo, No. 1, 7-21, 1947. El in-Z., 2, 92-103, Sept., 1950. 1948 358 Hopper, C. K., McAdie, C. H., 347 Bowlus, 0. E., Nims, P. T .. Effects of supply line unbalance on the filtered Thyratron frequency changers. output ripple of polyphase rectifiers. Electronics, 21, 126-30, March, 1948. Trans AIEE, 69, 767-770, 1950.

38 359 Kettner, K., 371 Busemann, F.. Systems energy relations and constructions of Operatien of an inverter supplying A.C. system convertors for direct conversion from 3-ph 50 c/s without synchronous machines. to 1-ph 16 2/3 c/s. Reports Brit. Elect. Res. Assoc., Rep. B/T 112, Elekt. Bahnen, 21, 225-34, Oct. 1950. 1 7 pp., 1 952.

360 Marguerre, F., 372 Demontitignier, M., Zur Theorie der mehrphasigen Umrichter. General design methods for the independently Diss. T.H. Karlsruhe, 1950. commutating inverter. Rev. Gen. Elect. 61, 271-87, June, 1952. 1951 373 Demontvignier, M .. 361 Busemann, F., lndependently commutating inverters. Alternating Artificial commutation of inverters. current accumulators and frequency convertors. Reports Brit. Elect. Res. Assoc. Rep. B/T 109 Bull. Soc. Franc., Elect., 8, 380-98, June, 1952. 21 pp. 1951. 1953 362 Busemann, F., 374 Hertwig, H., Hunting of compounded inverters for h.v. d.c. Self-excited two-phase thyratron inverter. transmission. Electronic Applic. Bull., 14, 54-58, 1953. Reports Brit. Elect. Res. Assoc. Rep. B/T 105, 375 Jötten, R., 1 0 pp., 1951 . Ueber die Belastung von Fahrleitungsnetzen durch Stromrichterlokomotiven. 363 Busemann, F., Diss. T. H. Darmstadt, 1953. Operatien near the reactive kVA minimum of the inverter with natura! commutation. 376 KandiJ, EI-Sadek, A., Reports Brit. Elect. Res. Assoc. Rep. B/T 106, Extended analysis in the theory and practice of 1 5 pp., 1 951 . mercury-arc converters. Dissertation Univ. of Bristol, 1953. 364 Kanter, I. 1., Theory of the eperation of polyphase non-self­ 377 Mabuchi, S., controlled inverters with capacitive commutation. Study of single phase self-excited parallel type Elektrichestvo, No. 3, 33-40, March, 1951. inverter. Researches Electrotech. Lab. (Tokyo) No. 537, 1953. 365 Klug, F., Elektromechanische Ausgleichsvorgänge im ges­ 378 Möltgen, G., peisten Drehstromnetz einer Gleichstrom-Energie­ Stromrichteranlagen mit verminderter Blindleis­ übertragung mit selbstgeführtem Wechselrichter. tungsaufnahme. Diss. T. H. München, Aug. 1951. Siemens Zeitschrift, 27 (7) 363-368, 1953.

366 Svoboda, V., 379 Müller-Lübeck, K., Limits of stability in the eperation of inverters. The characteristics of a six-phase inverter with Elektrotech. Obzor, 40. 330-3, 1951. forced commutation. Arch. Electrotech., 41. (1) 1-17, 1953. 367 Tigler, H., 380 Uhlmann, E., A comparative demonstratien of different d.c./a.c. The operatien of several phase displaced inverters converter connections. on the same receiving netwerk. Arch. Elekt. Uebertragung 5, 335-42, July, 1951. Direct Current, 1, 106-10, June, 1953. 368 Turkington, R. E., 1954 Analysis of a 3-phase inverter with resistive Joad. Trans. Al EE, 70, Pt. I, 1055-61, 1951. 381 Jssendorf, J. von, Harte!, W., Stremrichter mit Nullanode. 1952 ETZ-A, 75 (20) 691-696, 1954. 369 Bertele, H. von, 382 Howells, J. D., Forced commutation for power factor impravement Thyratron inverter. in converters. Wireless World, 60, 237-41, May, 1954. Direct Current, 1. 14-21, June, 1952. 1955 370 Busemann, F., 383 Lindena, S., The minimum kVAr required by the inverter as Der zwangskommutierte Gleichrichter und seine determined by symmetrie and assymmetric faults Anwendung als Blindleistungserzeuger für einen on the receiving A.C. system. Wechselrichter. Reports Brit. Elect. Res. Assoc., Rep. B/T 113, Diss. T. H. Hannover 1955, Fachrichting, Starkstrom­ 17 pp., 1952. technik.

39 384 Royer, G. H., 397 Korb, F., A switching transistor, DC to AC converter having Mutator-unit sequence control, a means for an output voltage proportional to DC input voltage. reducing reactive power of mutator plant. AIEE Trans. 74, Pt. I, p. 322-326, 1955. ETZ-A, 79 (8). 273-279, 1958.

398 Smart, D. L., Weaver, J. J. L., 1956 The use of mercury-arc inverters for generating 385 Bakharevskii, V. P., Utevskii, A. M., medium frequencies for induction heating. lnvestigation of a circuit of artificial two-stage Proc. lEE, Paper 2457, U pub. Jan. 1958,10 pp. commutation of an inverter. lzv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. Otdel. tekh. Nauk. No. 3, 1959 15-27, 1956. 399 Hierholzer, F. J., Linear power amplifiers using dynistors or trinis­ 386 Lawn, F., tors. Thyratron inverter uses controlled firing time. Trans. AIEE, I, 77, 892-8, 1959. Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 2, 164-7, Feb. 1956. 400 Jones, D. V., 387 Möltgen, G., Silicon controlled rectifier-triggering and turn-off Stramrichter in Kreuzschaltung und Gegenparallel­ circuitry for inverter applications. schaltung. IRE Wescon Convention Record, 3, pt. 6. 122-8, Siemens Zeitschrift. 30, 580-585 (H. 12) 1956. 1959. 388 Posse, A. V., Pimenov, V. P., The stalling of inverters. 401 Jones, D. D., Elektrichestvo, No. 6, 65-70, 1956. Rectification and power supplies. Proc. I EE, 1068 (Suppl. 18), 1300-1302, 1334-1338, 1959. 1957 389 Daellenbach, W., 402 Savel'yev, V. M., The relations of current and voltage in rectifiers Theory and design of ionic inverters used for with the three-phase Graetz connection. supplying power to radio equipment. Elettrotecnica, 44 (3). 133-142, 1957. Radioteknika, 14 (No. 5). 66-75, May, 1959.

390 Eggenberger, H. P., 403 Slukhotskii, A. E., Vasi'ev, A. S., Martinovich, V. M., Stram- und Spannungstheorie eines gesteuerten Analysis of the operation of series-type thyratron Einphasen-stromrichters bei Belastung auf kon­ converters. stante Gegenspannung und mit endlicher Glät• Radiotekhnika i Elektronika, 4 (No. 1 ), 63-9, tungsdrosselspule. Jan. 1959. Di ss. ETH Zürich, 1957. 391 Möltgen, G., 1960 Die Blindleistung bei Stromrichtern mit Null­ 404 Hoelters, F., anoden. lnverters. Arch. Elektrotech., 43, (4) 276-288, 1957. E. und M., 77 (No. 5). 91-8, März 1960. 40'5 Hoelters, F., 1958 lnverters. 392 Becker, H., E. und M., 77 (H. 6).123-128, 1960. I nverter with thyratrons I. Elektron. Rdsch. 12 (3) 84-85, 1958. 406 Kanngiesser, K. W., A new power frequency converter with variabie 393 Becker, H., output frequency. lnverter with thyratrons 11. VDE Fachber. 21 I, 85-87, 1960. Elektron. Rdsch. 12 (5) 172-174, 1958. 394 Dällenbach, W., 407 Lilienstein, M., The current and voltage conditions in the Graetz Static inverter delivers regulated 3-phase power. three-phase rectifier bridge circuit. Electronics, 33, No. 28, 55-9, July, 1960. Direct Current 3, 72-80, 1958. 408 McBreen, J. P., 395 Hölters, F., Mikulaschek, F., Same considerations in the applications of power Das Blindleistungsproblem bei Stromrichter-Um­ rectifiers and convertors. kehrantrieben. Proc. lEE, 107a, 445-454, 454-460, 1960. AEG Mitt., 48, (11 /12). 648-659, 1958. 409 Meyer, M., 396 Koppelmann, F., Neue Erkenntnisse über den Stramrichter in Contact rectifiers with high-current shunts. gegenparallel Schaltung. ETZ-A. 79, No. 21, 793-7, Nov. 1958. VDE-Fachber, 21, 63-69, 1960.

40 410 Paynter, D. A., Bedford, B. 0., Harnden, J. D., 424 Kuntner, H., Solid-state power inversion techniques I. Repercussions on the three-phase supply system Semiconductor Prod., 3. 51 -6, March, 1960. of converter-fed d.c. drives. Brown Boveri Rev., 48 (11 !12), 610-622, 1961. 411 Paynter, D. A., Bedford, B. 0., Harnden, J. 0., Solid state power inversion techniques 11. 425 Lloyd, A. G., Semiconductor Prod., 3, (No. 4), 50-5, 1960. Half-bridge inverter provides economical three­ phase power. 412 Schulze-Buxloh, W., Electronics, 34 (37), 62-5, 1961. Die Stromspannungsverhältnisse eines Gleieh­ richters in Drehstrom- Brückenschaltung zwischen 426 McMurray, W., Shattuck, D. P., Leerlauf und Kurzschluss. A silicon controlled rectifier in verter with improved Diss. Technische Universität, Berlin-Charlottenburg commutation. (Fakultät für Elektrotechnik), 1960. Trans AIEE I (Commun. & Electronics) 80, 531-542, Nov. 1961. 413 Wurm, R. J., Stratton, L. J., Step-up frequency changer. 427 Murphy, R. H., Nambiar, K. P. P., Trans. AIEE 11, 79, 426-31, 1960. A design basis for silicon-controlled rectifier parallel inverters. 1961 Proc. lEE, 1088, 556-562, 1961. 414 Badr, H., 427 Murphy, R. H., Nambiar, K. P. P., External characteristics of a single phase con­ A design for silicon controlled rectifier parallel trolled rectifier and inverter circuit. inverters. Neue Technik Nr. 2, 77-95,1961. Paper of the I.E.E., No. 3642E, Sept. 1961.

415 Barbey, J., 428 Reichmann, H., Vierpole mit Stromtoren. Stramrichter mit steuerbaren Siliziumzellen für Dissertation, ETH Zürich, 1961. motorische Antriebe. 416 Flairty, C. W., AEG Mitt., 51. 463-471, 1961. A 50 kVA adjustable frequency 24-phase con­ 429 Salters, G ., trolled rectifier inverter. A high power d.c.-a.c. inverter with sinusoidal Direct Current, 6, 278-282, 1961. output. 417 Freris, L. L., Electron ie Engng., 33, 586-91, 1961. The universa! characteristic of the three-phase bridge convertor. 1962 Direct Current, 6 (7), 198-201, 1961. 430 Campling, C. H. R., Bennett, J. A., O'Hara, D. H. 0., 418 Geising, H, und Mölltgen, G, Magnatie inverters, a review of switching pro­ Ueber die Blindleistung bei Stramrichter mit cessas and some new developments in self­ Nullanoden für Gleichstrom-Fördermaschinen. locking circuits. Siemens Zeitschrift, 35, 181 -183, 1961. Engng. J. (Can.), 45, No. 7, 40-5, July, 1962.

419 Gerecke, E., Meyer U., 431 Depenbrock, M., Fremdgesteuerte Einphasen und Mehrphasen­ Ruhende Frequenzumformer in der Energietechnik. wechselrichter. ETZ-A, 83. (26), 868-876, 1962. Neue Technik, 3, 741-757 (H. 11), 1961. 432 Depenbrock, M., 420 Griffith, D. C., Ulmer, R. M., Untersuchungen über die Spannungs- und A static electronic frequency changer. Leistungsverhältnisse bei Umrichtern ohne Ener­ IRE lnternat. Conv. Rec., 9, Pt. 5, 342-8,1961. gie-speicher. 421 Hoelters, F., Diss. T. H. Hannover, F.f. Maschinenwesen, Juli Current and voltage conditions from no-load to 1962. short-circuit in three-phase bridge circuits. Direct Current, 6. 112-132, March, 1961. 433 Duckett, E. J., O.C. to A.C. power conversion by semiconductor 422 Kawai, T., converters. Fundamental characteristics and problems for IRE Trans. industr. Electronics, IE-9 (1 ), 48-55, practical u se of self -excited inverters. 1962. Mitsubishi Denki Lab. Rep., 1. (4), 1-20, 1961. 434 Flairty, C. W., 423 Kearns, R. J., Rolfe, J. J., A 50 kVA adjustable frequency 24-phase con­ Three phase static inverters power space vehicle trolled rectifier inverter. equipment. IRE Trans. industr. Electronics, IE-9 (1 ), 56-60, Electronics, 34 (18), 70-3, 1961. 1962.

41 435 German, F., Swoboda, R., 448 Bertini, S., Wechselrichter mit steuerbaren Siliziumzellen. Electrical energy inverters using silicon controlled AEG- M itt., 53, 69-70, 1962. diodes. RC (64) Riun. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal. (Stresa 1963) 436 Gilliam, T. J., Paper 84. Three-phase inverter with feedback loops. Electronics, 35 (12). 48-51, 1962. 1963 449 Bjaresten, N. A., 437 Kernick, A., Roof, J. L., Heinrich, T. M., Static inverter with neutralization of harmonies. The static converter as a high speed power Trans. AIEE 11. 81. 59-68, 1962. amplifier. Direct Current. 8. 156-165, No. 6, 1963. 438 Mapham, N., Design of a silicon controlled rectifier high 450 Boguschevich, A. V., frequency inverter. Artificial commutation in a full wave inverter Semiconductor prod., 5 (No. 9), 24A-24D, Sept., scheme with null output. 1962. Vestnik Elektroprom. (USSR) No. 5, 42-5, May, 1963.

439 Moore, E. T., Wilson, T. G., Sterling, R. W., 451 Brahm, C. B., A self-oscillating inverter using a saturable 2-core Static inverter design considerations. transfarmer to turn off silicon controlled rectifiers. Elect. Engng. (USA) 82. No. 4, 264-8, April, 1963. Trans. AIEE I, 81. 429-33, 1962. 440 Müller, H., 452 Brandqvist, L., Unmittelbarer Urnrichter mit Halbleiterventilen. Analysis of an inductively loaded voltage inverter. Neue Technik 4, 135-140, (H. 3), 1962. Elteknik 6 (No. 7). 123-9, Sept., 1963. 441 Ott, R. R., Schlabach, L. A., 453 Cataliotti, V., Mamola, G., A unique silicon-controlled rectifier high power Sinusoidal inverters using solid thyratrons. inverter with sine-wave output voltage. RC (64) Riun. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal. (Stresa 1963) International solid-state circuits conference digest Paper 64. of technica! papers (University of Pennsylvania, Feb. 1962). p. 100-101. 454 Coppadoro, F., Lanzavecchia, L., The problem of voltage reguiatien in high-power 442 Pichkhadze, I. P., converter plants using Silicon. Operating mode of a static current converter of RC (64) Riun. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal. (Stresa 1963). an A.C. locomotive. Paper 80. Soobscenija AN Gruz. SSR, 1962, vol. 29, Nr. 3, p. 307-314. 455 Eek, R. A. van, (Reports of the Academy of Science of the Georgian Frequency-changer systems using the cyclocon­ SSR). verter principle. 443 Roof. J. L., Heinrich, T. M., IEEE Trans Applic. lndustr. (USA) No. 66, 163-8, Static inverter with neutralisation of harmonies. May, 1963. · AIEE Trans. appl. lnd., 59-68, May, 1962. 456 Errico, G. L., 444 Schnörr, R., A static d.c./a.c. inverter using Silicon triodes. Strom-Spannungstheorie von Sechspuls-Strom­ RC (64) Riun. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal. (Stresa 1963), richter bei beliebiger Verteilung der Reaktanzen. Paper 91. Diss. T. H. Karlsruhe, Fak. f. Maschinenwesen, Juli 1962. 457 Freris, L. L., An a na lysis of the three-phase bridge converter. 445 Thompson, R., Direct Current, 8. 6-11, Jan. 1963. An audio-frequency high power generator em­ ploying silicon controlled rectifiers. 458 Hanrahan, D. J., Proc. I EE part B, 109. 249-258, May, 1962. Steady-state analysis of periodically interrupted 446 Tolstov, J. G., circuits by means of symmetrical components. Method of analysis of the eperation of an Commun. and Electronics, No. 69, 589-593, 1963 independently working inverter in the steady state. (AIEEE Trans.). Elektrotech. Obzor. 51 (6), 260-265, 1962. 459 Karpov, A. G., Performance of a three-phase rectifier with active 447 Zavalashin, D. A., Novikova, G. 1., Bin-gan, C., load. Transistor frequency inverters for cantrolling the Trudy Omskoyo instituta inzenerov z. o. transporta, speed of asynchronous machines. 41. 89-95, 1963. Elektrichestvo, 1962, No. 11. 37-44, Nov. 1962. Transactions of the Omsk lnstitute of Railroad. See also 640. Engineers.

42 460 Kruger, B., Hancock, D. J., 472 Von Zastrow, E. E., Static inversion based on duty cycle modulation. Semiconductor controlled rectifiers and associated IEEE Trans. on Aerospace (USA), AS-1, (No. 2), semiconductors in industrial applications. 149-60, 1963. Direct Current, 8, 240, 1963.

461 Moore, T. W., Martin, J. A., Franklin, P. W., 473 Winkler, H., Design and application philosophy of static Wechselrichter mit Siliziumstromtoren zum Spei­ inverters. sen von Leuchtstofflampen in Fahrzeugen. Space Vehicle Electrical Design (New York) IEEE Siemens Zeitschrift, 37, H. 12,3-7,1963. 42-55, 1963. 1964 462 Murphy, R. H., Developing true solid-state static alternators. 474 Annies, B., Electronics, 36, No. 21, 58-60, May, 1963. Steuerumrichter für Käfigläufermotoren. 75 Jahre Käfigläufermotoren, Berlin, AEG, 123-125, 463 Nambiar. K. P. P., Murphy, R. H., 1964. Silicon controlled rectifier static alternators. AEG-Mitt. 54, 123-125, 1964. Proc. lEE, 110, No. 6, 1065-71, June. 1963. 475 Brandqvist, C., 464 Ott, R. R., Filter design for high power static inverters. A filter for silicon-controlled rectifier commutation Elteknik, 7, (No. 7), 121-4, 194. and harmonie attenuation in high-power inverters. IEEE Trans. Commun. Electronics (USA) No. 66, 476 Brandqvist, L., (May), 259-62, 1963. Optimum design of transfarmers for inverters. Elteknik 7 (No. 3), 39-41, 1964. 465 Posse, A. V., General relations governing the operation of 477 Bystron, K., multiphase converters. Untersuchungen an einen Zwischenkreis-Umrich­ Elektrichestvo (USSR), No. 5, 34-40, May, 1963. ter in Brückenschaltung zur Drehzahlsteuerung von Asynchronmaschinen. 466 Takeuchi, T. J., Diss. T. H. Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig Analysis of single-phase SCR circuit by -function (Fakultät für Maschinenwesen), 1964. method. Elect. Engng., Japan, 83, 78, 1963. 478 Depenbrock, M., (Translation of the following reference). lnvestigation of the frequency, damping and control angle of an oscillatory inverter circuit. 467 Takeuchi, T. J., Arch. Elektrotech., 49, 235-239 (H. 4), 1964. Method of -function to analyse SCR rectifying circuit. 479 Düll, E. H., Golde, E., JIEE Japan, 83, 1788-1798, 1963. Dreiphasenumrichter mit Gleichstrom-Zwischen­ 468 Toth, J. R., Schoeffler, J. D.r Chirgwin, K. M., kreis 50/50 bis 500 Hz. Artificial commutation of static converters. AEG Mitt., 54, 165-170, (H. 3/4), 1964. IEEE Trans. Commun., Electronics (USA), No. 65, (March), 83-94, 1963. 480 Faust, W .. Statische Frequenzumformer zur Versorgung von 469 Wallach, Y., Erlicki, M. S., Ben Uri, J., 16 2/3 Hz Bahnen. Multiphase rectifier currents. BBC Mitt. 51, 519-525 (H. 8/9), 1964. Proc. lEE, 110, No. 8, 1434-1440, 1963. 481 Feinberg, R., Chen, W. Y., 470 Varfolomeev, G. N., Commutation phenomena in a static power con­ Static direct current to single phase alternating verter. current converter with regulated frequency. Proc. lEE, 111 (No. 1), 125-34, 1964. Trudy Omskoyo instituta inzenerov z.o. transporta Vol. 42, p. 135-141,1963. 482 Feinberg, R., Chen, W. Y., Transactions of the Omsk lnstitute of Railroad Commutation reaetanee of the transfarmer in a Engineers. static power converter. 471 Varfolomeev, G. N., Proc.IEE,111 (No. 1), 135-152,1964. Three phase static frequency converter. Trudy Omskoyo instituta inzenerov zeleznodov 483 Gebovs, V. A., oznogo transporta, Vol. 42, 135-144, 1963. Determination of the inductance of the smoothing oznogo transporta, Vol. 42, 135-144, 1963. reactors of rectifier networks with O.C. motors. Transactions of the Omsk lnstitute of Railroad lnstitute of Engineers of Railroad Transportation Engineers. No. 45, p. 41 -46, 1964.

43 484 Glimski, H., 497 Morgan, R. E., The effects of energy starage in a d.c. buffer Bridge-chopper inverter tor 400 CPS sine wave stage upon the output voltage and frequency of a power. static frequency-changer. IEEE Trans Aerospace (USA), AS-2, (No. 2), BBC Nachr. 46 (No. 12), 678-84, 1964. 993-7, 1964.

485 Hengsberger, J., 498 Nohara, K., Minamoto, S., Miyakoshi, K., Thyristor-Stromrichter fur Bahnmotoren. Analysis of the output wavefarm of an SCR AEG-Mitt., 54 (5/6), 435-442, 1964. amplifier. Elect. Engng. Japan, 84 (No. 12). 99-108, 1964. 486 Heinrich, T. M., Controlled current feedback in a static inverter 499 Sakovich, A. A., Yudiskii, S. B., Abramovich, M. 1., with neutralization of harmonies. Sokolova, N. D., IEEE Trans Aerospace (USA) AS-2 (No. 2), 985-92, Use of thyristors in the control circuits of static 1964. frequency converters. 487 Helmick, C. G., Lipman, K., Elektrichestvo, No. 7, 12-18, July, 1964. Adjustable-frequency power inverter systems tor 500 Sato, N., industry. Westinghouse Engr. (USA) 23, 167-171, 1964. Characteristics of SCR three-phase improved bridge inverter. 488 Hoffmann, M., Elect. Engng. Japan, 84, (No. 5), 30, May, 1964. Afbau von Stromrichteranlagen mit Silizium­ stromotoren. 501 Sitnik, N.Kh., Nekrasov, I. T., VDE-Fachber. 23, 1964. Independent stabilized thyristor inverter. Elektrotekhnika, No. 1 0, 22-3, Oct., 1964. 489 Hongo, T., Analysis of separately excited single phase full 502 Skorovarov, V. E., wave power inverter circuit. Autonomous voltage inverters using silicon con­ Elect. Engng., Japan, 84, (No. 7), 57-63, 1964. trolled rectifiers. Elektrichestvo No. 5, 51-55, May, 1964. 490 Hulstrand, K. A., Static adjustable frequency drives. 503 Takeuchi, T. J., Maeda, A., Control Engng. (USA), 11, No. 4, 57-63, 1964. Analysis of polyphase half-wave SCR rectifier circuit by the tunetion method. 491 Kohlhuber, E., Elect. Engng. Japan, 84, (No. 4 ), 73-81, 1964. Selbstgeführte Urnrichter mit Kommutierungs­ schwingkreis und Steuerung nach dem Unter­ 504 Turnbull, F. G., schwingungsverfahren. Selected harmonie reduction in static d.c.-a.c. BBC Nachr., 46, 694-721, 1964. inverters. IEEE Trans. Commun. Electranies (USA) No. 73, 492 Mapham, N. W., 374-8, July, 1964. The classification of SCR inverter circuits. IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec., 12 (Pt. 9), 99-105, 1964. 505 Vui, Pham van, Rai, J. P., Contribution to the study of power factors of 493 Mcleod, J. A., controlled rectifiers. One-step converter tor ease of voltage conversion. C.R. Acad. Sci. (France), 259, No. 15, 2384-7, IEEE Intern at. Conv. Rec., 12, Pt. 7, 241-5, 1964. Oct., 1964.

494 McMurray, W., 506 Ward, E. E., SCR inverter commutated by an auxiliary impulse. lnverter suitable for operation over a range of IEEE Trans. Commun. Electronics, 75, 824-9, Nov., frequency. 1964. Proc. lEE, 111, (No. 8), 1423-34, 1964.

495 McMurray, W., 507 Wilson, T. G. and Moore, E. T., Silicon controlled rectifier D.C. to D.C. power lnverter for use with very low input voltages. converters. IEEE Trans. Commun. Electronics, 73, 424-28, IEEE Trans. Commun. Electranies (USA), 71, July, 1964. 198-203, March, 1964. 1965 496 Merritt, S. Y., Currents and voltages in the power switches of 508 Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppelman, F., static inverters. Zwangskommutierte Wechselrichter veränderlicher IEEE Trans Aerospace (USA). AS-2, 998-1005, Frequenz und Spannung. April, 1964. ETZ-A. 86, 268-274, (H. 8), 1965.

44 509 Amato, C. J., Siegler, L., 522 Hingorani, N. G., Sub-ripple distortien components in practical Controlled rectifier circuit with an uncontrolled cycloconverters. by-pass valve. IEEE Trans Aerospace {USA) AS-3. No. 2 Supp.: Direct Current, 10, No. 2, 84, 1965. 98-106,June, 1965. 523 Kaganov, I. L., Kalnibolotskij., 510 Bernshtein, I. Ya., Effective construction of the parameter system of A frequency converter without a O.C. circuit. large power rectifiers. Elektrotekhnika .No. 6, 38-42, June, 1965. Elektrichestvo, No. 7, 70-74, 1965. 511 Bacharev, V. N., Grinshtein, V. 1., Shevtsov, V. M., Operatien of p-n-p-n devices in circuits with 524 Katsnel'son, S. M., Lyublin, I. Sh., Trefyak, T. P., active inductive load and impulse controL A high-frequency inverter transformer. Bulletin of Higher Schools, Electromechanics. No Elektrotekhnika {USSR) No. 7, 3-6, July, 1965. further information. 525 Khamudhanov, M. Z., 512 Boom, H. W., v. d., Kohlhuber, E., lnverter schemes with artificial commutation by Beanspruchung von Thyristoren in Wechsel­ means of additional tubes. richterscha ltu ngen. Elektrotekhnika (USSR) No. 2, 17-8, Feb., 1965. Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische Antriebe. Tagung: VD E/VDI. Aachen, 135-150, Sept., 1965. 526 King, K. G., Thyristor A.C. power regulators. 513 Bystron, K., Meissen, W., Proc. lEE Conf., 206-210, 10/11, Nov. 1965. Urnrichter mit Gleichstromzwischenkreis. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, 254-258, 1965. 528 Krylov, S. S, The extern al characteristics of a tuilwave controlled 514 Chernikov, G. B., rectifier. Performance of uncontrolled semiconductor rec­ Elektrichestvo, No. 8, 36-38, 1965. tîfîers in unsymmetrical conditions. Electric Technology, 3, p. 426-441, 1965. 529 Kümmel, F., 515 Depenbrock, M., Kurzschluss-schutz von Thyristor-Stromrichtern in Self-regulating inverter with a tuned switching Dreiphasenbrückenschaltung. circuit independent of load. ETZ-A, 86, 102-110, (H. 4), 1965. BBC-Nachr. 46, No. 12, 669-73, Jan., 1965. 530 Leonhard, W., 516 Distler, R., Regelkreis mit gesteuertem Stramrichter als nicht­ Critica! inductance and controlled rectifiers. lineares Abtastproblem. IEEE Trans. fndustr. Electronics Control lnstrum., ETZ-A, 86, 513-520, {H. 16), 1965. 34-37, March, 1965. 531 Lerstrup, K., 517 Dudarev, L. E., Savchenko, V. M., High speed fuses for the proteetion of diodes Calculation of an average current in the load of a and thyristors. bridge rectifier with a resistor at its output. Proc. I EE Conference on power applications of con­ Bulletin of Higher Schools: Electromechanics, 8 {12) trollable semiconductor .devices, 10-11, Nov. 1965, 1398-1404, 1965. Savoy Place London, 111-120.

518 Farmer, W. J. R., Spreadbury, R. J., 532 Liao, T. W., Lee, T. H., Self-excited static inverters. Surge suppressors tor the proteetion of solid AEI Engng {GB) 5 {No. 2} 70-9, March, 1965. state devices. IEEE conf. Rec. (lndust. static power conversion, 519 Glinternik, S. R., Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 45-103, 1965. Electromagnetic processas in a three-phase bridge type converter with series connected 533 Lipatov, V. S., Kyleyzanin, V. P., condensers. Static three phase bridge-type converter. Bulletin of Higher Schools, Power Engineering Elektrotekhnika, 36, No. 6, 36-38, 1965. Vol. 8, Nr. 9, 13-24, 1965.

520 Hengsberger, J., Wiegand, A., 534 Ludbrook, A. and Murray, R. M., Schutz von Thyristor-Stromrichtern grösserer A simplified technique tor analysing the three­ Leistung. phase bridge rectifier circuit. ETZ-A, 86, 263, (H. 9). 1965. IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec., pt. 8, 121-127, 1965.

521 Hingorani, N. G., Hall, J. K., 535 Maeda, A., Use of capacitors for reduction of commutation Analysis of polyphase tull-wave scr rectifier circuit angle in static high power converters. by the -function method. Proc. lEE, 112,2333-2341.• No.12, 1965. Elect. Engng. Japan, 85, No. 2, 29-36, 1965.

45 536 Maevskii, 0. A., 549 Pirraglia, J. A., Power coefficient and total power components A 15 kc d.c. to d.c. converter. of rectifier type frequency converters. IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndustr. static power conversion, Bulletin of Higher Schools: Electromechanics, Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 224-233, 1965. a. (12), 1377-1389, 1965. 550 Pistrak, M. Ja, 537 Martin, D. M., Richardson, P., Maximum control angles of a reversible electronic The high speed control of large direct current converter. supplies by thyristor. Elektrichestvo, No. 6, 27-32, 1965. Proc. lEE, Conf., 10-11 Nov., 193-205, 1965. 551 Raskin, L. Va, 538 Maryanovskii, D. 1., Gutkin, B. M., Analysis and method of design for a regulated lnvestigating the steady state periadie regions of inverter scheme. a selfcontained inverter. Elektrotekhnika (USSR), No. 5, 1-6, May, 1965. Elektrotekhnika (USSR) No. 8, 31-7, Aug., 1965. 552 Rivkin, G. A., 539 Mayevskii, 0. A., Semigraphical design of a series and series The power relations and components of power in parallel i nverter. valve type converters. Transactions of the Moscow Power Engineering Elektrichestvo, No. 3, 7-14, 1965. lnstitute, 55, 35-44, 1965. 540 Meissen, W., Grundlagen und Schaltungen von selbstgeführten 553 Sa'guvin, I. 1., Stromrichtern (Wechselrichtern). Single stage amplifiers using p-n-p-n type Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische Antriebe. transistors. Tagung: VDEJVDI, Aachen, 112-134, Sept., 1965. lzvestija V.U.Z. Radiotekhnika 8, Nr. 2, 191-203, 1965. 541 Mellgren, G., Thyristor converters for motor drives-some 554 Samberger, K., experience in design and operation. Synchronising inverters. Proc. lEE, Conf. 10-11, Nov., 230-249, 1965. Siemens Rev., 32, No. 4, 131-5, April, 1965.

542 Meyer, M., 555 Sato, N., Beanspruchung von Thyristoren in selbstgeführten Characteristics of three-phase bridge inverter Stromrichter. with feedback rectifiers and turnoff SCR. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, 495-501, Ma i 1965. Elect. Engng. Japan, 85, No. 2, 36-46, 1965. 543 Meyer, M., 556 Sevcenko, G. 1., Thyristorstormrichter mit erzwungener Kommutie­ Study of the autonorneus parallel inverter using rung. a locus technique. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39. 205-210, 1965. Transactions of the Moscow power Engineering lnstitute, 55, 21-34, 1965. 544 Mikulaschek, F., Approximate method of calculating the phase 557 Shubenko, V. A., Shreiner, R. T., Likhosherst, V. 1., shift factor and the reactive load at the busbar of Building a converter for frequency control with the rectifier. electric drives. ETZ-A, 86 (No. 5), 144-148, 1965. Elektrotekhnika (USSR) No. 10, 23-6, Oct., 1965.

545 Miyamoto, A., Miura, T., 558 Skorovarov, V. Ye., A push-pull scr amplifier with negative feedback. Valve performance in independently eperating Elect. Engng. in Japan 85 (22), 1-11, 1965. inverter schemes. Elektrichestvo (USSR) No. 3, 21-6, March, 1965. 546 Mölltgen, G., Des Verhalten des Stramrichters in Saugdrossel­ 559 Takeuchi, T. J., Maeda, A., schaltung bei Belastung mit Gegenspannung. Analysis of polyphase half-wave SCR rectifier ETZ-A, 86, 259-263, (H. 8), 1965. circuit by tunetion method. Elect. Engng., Japan, 85, No. 3, 10-20, 1965. 547 Morgan, R. E., Basic magnetic functions in converters and in­ 560 Takeuchi, T. J., verters including new soft commutation. Analysis of single-phase back-to-back SCR IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndustr. static power conversion, circuits using ~ tunetion method. Philadelphia 1-3 Nov.), 172-180, 1965. Elect. Engng., Japan, 85, No. 6, p. 42-50, 1965.

548 Obukhov, S. G., 561 Tolstov, Y. G., Pridakkov, A. G., The power factor of impulse type (thyristor) Some problems in the control of independent regulators. current converters. Electric Technology (USSR) Vol. 4, 611-619, 1965. Elektrichestvo, No. 11, 56-59, 1965.

46 562 Weber, J., 573 Morgan, R. E., Strombelastbarkeit von Stromrichtern in halb­ Basic magnatie tunetion in converters and gesteuerte Brückenschaltung met Freilaufventil. inverters including new soft commutation. ETZ-A, 86, 242-249, H. 8, 1965. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applîc. IGA-2, No. 1, 58-64, 1966. 563 Wesselack, F., Thyristorstromrichter mit natürlicher Kommutie­ 574 Ohno, E., rung. Variabie frequency SCR inverter with an auxiliary Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, 199-205, H. 3, 1965. commutation circuit. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, MAG-2, 25-30, 1966. 564 Williamson, K. H ., Effect of reverse recovery time of thyristors on 575 Pfeiler, V., Pfotenhauer, J., Tegos, A., efficiency of parallel inverters. Blindlastbedarf und Belastbarkeil der Ventile von Mullard Tech. Commun. (GB) 8, 230-2, Nov., 1965. sechspulsigen Stromrichteranlagen in Saugdros­ selschaltung mit Nullventilen. Elektrie, 20, (6). 233-237, 1966. 565 Zelrok, A. G., Rectifiers with stabilitrons in pulsating current circuits. 576 Phadke, A. G., Harlow, J. H., Elektrichestvo, Nr. 6, 68-72, 1965. Unbalanced converter operation. IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Syst., PAS-85, 233-239, 1966. 1966 566 Amato, C. J., 577 Reimers, E., Analog computer si mulation of an SCR as applied The three phase half wave inverter. to a cycloconverter. IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec. 14 (Pt. 8), 24-30, 1966. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA 2, 137, No. 2, 1966. 578 Samberger, K., Theoretische Untersuchungen von Stromrichtern 567 Amato, C. J., bei unsymmetrischen Betrieb. An a.c. equivalent circuit tor a cycloconverter. ETZ-A, 87, (H. 3), 1966. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA-2, No. 5, 358-362, 1966. 579 Schilling, W., Steuerung und Kommutierung bei statischen 568 Barton, T. H., Birtch, R. S., Selbstgeführten Wechselrichtern mit Thyristoren. A 5 kW low frequency power amplifier of improved E. und M., 83, No. 10, 541-552, 1966. frequency response. IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec., Pt. 10, 146-153, 1965. 580 Schuenemann, C., Die selbstgeführte fremderregte Parallelwechsel­ 569 Budek, J. A., and Marchant, A. H., richter mit Thyristoren zur Speisung von Leucht­ Voltage regulation in 3-phase bridge rectifier stofflampen. conneetion from no-load to short circuit. Elekt. Bahnen, 37 (2), 26-33, 1966. Direct Current, 11, 38-41, No. 1, Feb., 1966. 581 Seefried, E., 570 Bystron, K., Ein Urnrichter mit Gleichstrom-Zwischenkreis zur Strom- und Spannungsverhältnisse beim Dreh­ Drehzahlsteuerung von Drehstrom-Asynchron­ strom-Umrichter mit Gleichstromzwischenkreis. motoren. ETZ-A, 87, (8), 264-271, 1966. Elektrie, 20 ( 4 ), 150-152, 1966.

571 Freris, L. L., 582 Schipillo, V. P., Analysis of a hybrid bridge rectifier. Oparation of an electronic converter with an Direct Current, 11. 22-23, 1966. equalizing reactor and asymmetry of grid controL Elektrichestvo, Nr. 2, 42-49, 1966.

572 Lakubovskii, V. I. A., Fundamental of the theory of a two-phase current 583 Storr-Best, J. L., converting bridge circuit. Critica! inductance for half-controlled thyristor Bulletin of Higher Schools-Eiectromechanics, 9, rectifiers 11. Nr. 1. p. 8-19,1966. Electron ie Engng.,38, 310-315, May, 1966.

47 6.3 MACHINE-ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS

6.3.1 Group 1 systems (inverters in combination with synchronous and induction machines).

1931 1936 584 Kern, E., 596 Kövessi, F., Der kommutatorlose Einphasen-Lokomotivmotor Ein Einphasen- Dreiphasen- Bahnbetriebssystem für 40 bis 60 Hz. mit Stromrichtern. Elekt. Bahnen, 7, 313-321, 1931. Elekt. Bahnen, 12, 323, 1936.

585 Kern, E., 597 King, P. B., New developments in the controlled high power Valve-controlled synchronous motor. rectifier. Electronics, 9, (Jan.), 14-15, 1936. Assoc. Suisse Elect. Buil., 22, 533-541, 1931. Disc. 1931, 541-543. 1937 598 Beiler, A. H., 586 Meyer-Delius, H., The thyratron motor at the logan plant. Betrieb von Motoren mit Hilfe gittergesteuerter Elect. Engng., 57, 19-24, 1937. Quecksilberdampf-Gieichrichter. VDE-Fachber. 5, 26-29, 1931. 1938 601 Beiler, A. H., 1932 Thyratron motor at the logan plant. 588 Feinberg, R., Trans. AIEE, 57, 19-24, Jan., 1938. Theory of 3-phase to 1-phase conversion with See also 598. rectifier and inverter. Arch. Elektrotech. 26, 200-213, 1932. 602 Kern, E., Der Dreiphasen-Stromrichtermotor und seine 589 Kloninger, J., Steueurung bei Betrieb als Umkehrmotor. Recent applications of grid-controlled mercury­ ETZ, 59, 467-470, 494-497, 1938. arc rectifiers. Soc. Franc. Electr. Buil. 2, 598-618, 1932. 603 Stöhr, M., Die Typenleistung kollektorloser Stramrichter­ 590 Marti, 0. K., motoren bei der einfachen Sechsphasenschaltung. A railway motor without commutator. Arch. Elektrotech., 32, 691-720, 1938. Elect. Engng., 51, 650-654, 1932. 604 Stöhr, M., 591 Rossé, M., Die Typenleistung kollektorloser Stramrichter­ Recent Applications of mercury-arc rectifiers. motoren bei verbesserten Motorschaltungen. Soc. Beige Elect. Bul I. 48, 344-371, 1932. Arch. Elektrotech., 32, 767-784, 1938. Diss. T. H. Berlin, Mai 1938.

1933 1939 592 Schenkel, M., v. lssendorf, J., 605 Stöhr, M., Mercury-arc rectifier locomotive. Vergleich zwischen Stramrichtermotor und unter­ Siemens Zeitschrift, SonderheftPart I, 289-294, 1933. synchroner Stromrichterkaskade. E. und M., 57,581-591,1939. 593 Stöhr, M., Stramrichtermotoren für Einphasenwechselstrom 1940 beliebiger Frequenz. 606 Schilling, W., E. und M., 51, 589-600, 1933. Spannungsbildung und Blindleistungsübertragung beim umlautenden Frequenzwandler, 50 Hz auf 594 Willis, C. H., Niederfrequenz im Vergleich zum Steuerumrich­ A study of the thyratron commutator motor. ter. G.E. Rev., 36, 76-80, 1933. E. und M., 58. 417-426, 1940.

1934 607 Stöhr, M., Allgemeine Berechnungsgrundlagen von Stram­ 595 Alexanderson, E. F. W., Mittag, A. H., richtermotoren und Taktgebermaschinen van Thyratron motors. Wechselrichtern. Elect. Engng. 53, (Nov.). 1517-1523,1934. Arch. Elektrotech., 34, 339-358, 1940.

48 608 Stöhr, M., 621 Chirgwin, K.. M., Lokomotivsystemen für hochgespannten Gleich­ Aircraft-switching-type static inverter supplying strom. rotating machines. E. und M., 58, 381-389, 397-413, 1940. Trans. AIEE, 11, 77. 334-8, 1958. 609 Stöhr, M., 622 Kübler, E., Stromrichterkaskade für Doppelzonenregelung. Der Stromrichtermotor. E. und M., 58, 177-186, 1940. ETZ-A, 79. 15-17, 1958. 1943 610 Hölters, F., 1959 Schaltung und Steuerung von Stromrichter­ motoren. 623 Card, W. H., E. und M., 61. 221-228, 1943. Four transistor inverter drives induction motor. Electron i es, 32. No. 8, 60-1, Feb., 20, 1959. 611 Hölters, F., Conneetion and regulation of mutator motors. 624 Meerov, M. V., Semenov, I. B., Yarina, V. Z., ETZ, 64. 161-162, 1943. The problem of design of a contactar-type frequency-changer for the regulation of asyn­ 1955 chronous motors. Avtomat. i. Telemekh., 20. No. 1, 45-63, 1959. 612 Cowie, E. G., Gregson, J. H., Variabie-speed control for integral h.p. motors. 625 Zavalishin, D. A., Zakharevich, S. V., Tikan, V. A., Electronics, 28. No. 4, 162-3, April, 1955. A model study of inverterand rectifier performance 613 Teissie-Solier, M., Curie, C., Roux, J., of an electric locomotive thermionic converter. The u se of thyratrons in the direct speed reg u lation Elektrichestvo, No. 6, June 1-8, 1959. of induction motors. C.R. Acad. Sc i. (Paris), 241, No. 5, 476-8, Aug., 1955. 626 Charnley, H., New designs of d.c. locomotives. Elect. J (GB) 165. No. 14,869-71, Sept., 30, 1959. 1957 614 Dick, G. W., Beringer, P. P., Slemon, G. R., 1960 Twophase motor drive using static frequency­ doubler amplifiers. 627 Noakes, E., Berg, G. J., AIEE Trans., 76, pt. I, 497-503, 1957. Speed control of three-phase motors based on frequency conversion. 615 Fehrle, K., Trans Engng lnst. Canada, 4, No. 4, 115-20, 1960. Der fremdgesteuerte Stramrichtermotor als Dreh­ zahlnormal. 628 Petrov, Y. P., Diss. T. H. Stuttgart, F. f. Maschinenwesen, 1957. Optimal frequency control of asynchronous motors. 616 Henkels, H. W., Camp, H. R., Fortier, J. R., Skilling, Avtomat i Telemekh., 21 (3), 333-9, 1960. W. J., Smith, R. E., Silicon rectifiers in brushless machinery. Al EE Trans. (communications and electronics), 1961 Nr. 33, 620-626, 1957. 617 An electronic turntable drive. 629 Allison, J., Vergez, P., Radio TV News, 58 (3), 42-43, 106-107, 1957. Transistorized switching control of a variabie­ speed d.c. motor. I RE Trans. industr. Electronics, PGIE-8. No. 1, 1958 19-24, May, 1961. 618 Artamonov, V. V., Calculation of characteristics of an electric drive 630 Griffith, D. C., Ulmer, R. M., with frequency control using the method of an A semiconductor variabie speed a.c. drive. equivalent resistance. Elect. Engng. 80. 350-353, 1961. Elektrichestvo, No. 6, 66-9, 1958. 631 Helmick, C. G., MacDonald, I. M., 619 Beyer, H., Adjustable frequency A.C. drive system with Speed-controlled two-phase induction motors static inverter. for servo-mechanisms. Westinghouse Engr., 21. 123-126, No. 4, 1961. Regelungstechnik, 6. No. 10, 358-61, 1958. 620 Card, W. H., 632 Khasaev, 0. 1., Transistor-oscillator induction motor drive. Operation of an induction motor from an inverter. Trans. AIEE I, 77. 531-535, 1958. Elektrichestvo, No. 9, 29-36, Sept., 1961.

49 633 Krogeris, A. F., 645 Ho, H. H., Semiconductors and their application in electrical lnduction motor speed regulation by an adjustable engineering I; Semiconductor commutator for d.c. frequency inverter. generators. Ph.D. thesis University of Southampton, 1963. Trudy lnst. Energetiki i Elektrotekh. Aked. Nauk. Latv. SSR, No. 11. 113-122, 1961. 646 Kheireldin, A. F., Constant speed induction motor supplied from 634 Labahn, D., a three phase silicon controlled valve power Untersuchungen an einem Stramrichtermotor in inverter. sechs-und zwölfpulsiger Schaltung mit ruhender Diss. ETH Zürich 1963, nr. 3345. Steuerung der Stromrichterventile. Diss. T. H. Braunschweig. Fak. f. Maschinenwesen, 647 Kossov, 0. A., Tsokanov, V. V., Sept., 1 961 . Commutatorless d.c. electric drive. 635 Ostermann, H., Elektrichestvo (USSR) No. 1, 22-6, Jan. 1963. Der fremdgesteuerte Stromrichtersynchronmotor mit steuerbarer DrehzahL 648 Lamb, C. St. J., Diss. T. H. Stuttgart, Fak. f. Maschinenwesen, Commutatorless alternating-voltage-fed variabie April, 1961. speed motor. Proc. I EE, 110, 2221 -2227, 1963. 1962 636 Bauerlein, G., 649 Lamb, C. St. J., A brushless d.c. motor with solid state commuta­ The use of silicon controlled rectifiers to replace tion. the commutator in a variabie speed a.c. motor. I RE intern at. Conv. Rec., 10, Pt. 6, 184-90, 1962. M.Sc. thesis, Battersea College of Technology, Univ. of Londbn, 1963. •li37 Brushless d.c. motor uses hall-effect devices. Electronics, 35, (No. 14), 58-61, April, 1962. 650 Lavi, A., Roberts, R. W., Static amplidyne, a new high capacity push-pull 638 Marcus, T. J., power amplifier. Using hall generators contactless commutators. IEEE Trans. (Commun. and electronics) 82,503-508, Electronics, 35 (No. 5), 43-45, Feb. 9, 1962. 1963.

639 Wilson, T. G., Trickey, P. H., 651 Martensson, H., Karlsson, A., Krablez, U., D.C. machine with solid state commutation. Static thyristor converters for motor controL Elect. Engng., 81, 879-884, 1962. RC (64) Riun. Assoc. Eletrrotec. ltaL (Stresa 1963) Paper 81. 640 Zavalishin, D. A., Novikova, G. L, Chzhen, Bin-gan, Transistor frequency inverters for cantrolling the 652 Miyairi, S., Tsunehiro, Y., speed of asynchronous machines. The characteristics of commutatorless motor with Elektrichestvo, No. 11, 37-44, Nov., 1962. s.c.r. inverter. Proc. of the lntermag. Conference (New York: lnstitute of Electrical and electranies engineers, 1963 1963). 641 Brugger, F., Untersuchung einer neuen Schaltung für Dreh­ 653 Nims, J. W., stromerregte Synchronmaschinen mit steuerbarer Static adjustable-frequency drives. DrehzahL IEEE Trans. Applic. lndustr. (USA) No. 66, 75-9, Diss. T. H. Stuttgart, Fak. f. Maschinenwesen, May, 1963. Juli 1963. 654 Ostermann, H., 642 Bystron, K., Meyer, M., Synchronous motor operated by a rectifier/inverter Kontaktlose drehzahlregelbare Umrichtermaschi­ set with independent grid controL nen für hohe Drehzahlen. Arch. Elektrotech., 48, No. 3, 167-89, 1963. Siemens Zeitschrift, 37, 660-667, 1963. 655 Sato, N., Zyuri, L, 643 Ettinger, E. L., SCR inverter for driving induction motors. Ein neuer Elektro-antrieb mit koliektoriasem Proc. International conference on non-linear mag­ Motor. netics, Washington, April, 1963. Elektrichestvo 2, 42-50, 1963. 656 Usher, T. E., Beek, C. D., 644 Heek, R., Meyer, M., Adjustable-speed A.C. drive with SCR frequency Die asynchrone Umrichtermaschine, ein kontakt­ inverters. loser drehzahlregelbarer Umkehrantrieb. Electro-technology (USA) 71, No. 8, 58-62, Aug. Siemens Zeitschrift, 37, 287-290, 1963. 1963.

50 1964 669 Lamb, C. St. J., Machine commutation using thyristors. 657 Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppelmann, F., Commutation in rotating machines, lEE conference. Wechselrichter zur Drehzahlsteuerung von Käfig• No. 11, p. 98, 1964. läufermotoren. 75 Jahre Käfigläufermotoren, Berlin, AEG, 89-106, 670 Macdonald, I. M., 1964. A static inverter, wide range, adjustable speed also AEG M itt. 54, 89-1 06, 1964. drive. 658 Berger, Th., lEE lnternat. Conv. Rec. (USA), 12, 34-41, Pt. 9, Betriebsverhalten Frequenzgesteuerter Asynchron­ 1964. motoren. 671 Murphy, R. H., Elektrie 18 (4) 120-126, (5) 154-156, 1964. Static alternator control three-phase motor. 659 Bhagwat, P. G., Wolfendale, E., Electronics. 37, No. 5, 30-3, Jan., 1964 Silicon controlled rectifiers repface commutator in d.c. motor. 672 Pfaff, G , Control, 8, 24-27, 1964. Zur Dynamik des Asynchronmotors bei Drehzhal­ steuerung mittels veränderlicher Speisefrequenz. 660 Bradley, D. A., Clarke, C. D., Davis, R. M., Jones, ETZ-A, 85, 719-724, ( H. 22), 1964. D. A., Adjustable frequency inverters and their appli­ 673 Rekus. G. G .• Chirkov. M. T., cation to variabie speed drives. The speed control range of induction motors Proc. lEE, 111,1833-1846, No.11, 1964. with frequency controL Elektrichestvo (USSR) No. 5, 77-81. May, 1964. 661 Brailsford, H. D., Solid-state commutation of direct current motors. 674 Roger, G. J., 1964 Proceedings of the lntermag. Conference Discussion on: "Analysis of dynamic performance (IEEE) T-159, paper 7-4, pp. 4, 1964. of induction motors in control systems". Proc. IEEE, 111, 1949-1950, No. 11, 1964. 662 Cappelletto, E., Silicon controlled rectifiers in automatic regula­ 675 Sato, N., tion. A study of commutatorless motor. Marelli (ltaly), 37, No. 7-9,47-56, July-Sept., 1964. Elect. Engng. Japan 84, No. 8, 42-52, Aug., 1964.

663 Düll, E. H., 676 Schnörr, R., Der Stramrichtermotor mit gleichstromerregter Three-phase motors supplied by inverters. Polrad und unterlagerter Ständerstromregelung VDE Fachber. (Germany), 23, 225-37, 1964. als Drehzahlgeregelter Antrieb. Diss. T. H. Darmstadt, Fak. f. Elektrotechnik, 677 Schönung, A., Nov., 1964. Geregelter Drehstrom-Umkehrantrieb mit ges­ teuertem Urnrichter nach dem Unterschwin­ 664 Gathmann, H., gungsverfahren. Selbstgeführter Urnrichter in der Anwendung für BBC Nachrichten, 46, 699-722, 1964. drehzahlregelbare Mehrmotorantriebe. BBC Mitt., 51, 555-576, H 8/9, 1964. BBC Mitt. 51, 531-539 (H. 8/9), 1964. 678 Schönung, A., 665 Heumann, K., Jordan, K. G., Möglichkeiten zur Regelung von Drahstram­ Das Verhalten des Käfigläufermotors bei veränder• motoren mit Stromrichtern. licher Speisefrequenz und Stromregelung. BBC Nachrichten, 46, 674-686, 1964. 75 Jahre Käfigläufermotoren, AEG Berlin, 107-116, BBC Mitt., 51, 540-554, H. 8/9, 1964. 1964. AEG Mitt 54, 107-116, 1964. 679 Seefried, E., Beitrag zur analytischen Darstellung des stationären 666 Ho, H. H., Betriebsverhaltens eines frequenzgesteuerten lnduction motor oparation under variation of Drehstrom-asynchronmotors bei nicht-sinusför• supply frequency. migen Spannungen und die technische Anwen­ Internat J. Elect. Engng. Educ., 1, No. 3, 375-91, dung auf seinen Betrieb mit einem statischen March, 1964. Umformer. Dissertation an der Technischen Universität (T.U.) 667 Kanngiesser, K. W., Dresden, 1 964. lnverter for supplying polyphase machines. ETZ-A, 85, No. 21, 673-81, Oct, 1964. 680 Seefried, E., Untersuchungen an einem über einen indirekten 668 Lamb, C. St. J., Urnrichter gespeisten Drehstrom-Asynchronmotor. A new brushless variabie speed drive. IX Internat Kolloquim Techn. Hochsch. llmenau. Control, 8, 116-121, March, 1964. 1964 (Eiektromot. Antriebe) 47-56.

51 681 Steimel, K., 693 Brown, M., Harvey, W. T., Käfigläufermotoren und Thyristoren. A variabie frequency supply for induction motors. 75 Jahre Käfigläufermotoren, Berlin, AEG, 88-89, lEE Conf. Publ. (GB) No. 10, 120-3, 1965, 1964. (Applications of large industrial drives conference, AEG Mitt., 54, 88-89. 1964. London, 1965).

682 Tustin, A., 694 Bystron, K., Electric motors in which commutation is by Drehzahlsteuerung von Drehstrommotoren über switching devices such as SCR"s. Zwischenkreisumrichter. Proc. lEE, 111,151-152,1964. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, 254-257, 1965.

683 Williams, F. C., Eastham, J. F., Tipping, D., 695 Chilikin, M. G., Arakelyan, A. K., Afanas"ev, A. A., Brushless AC motor using SCR's. Some prospects of brushless. d.c. drive. Commutation in rotating machines, lEE Conf. Nov 11, Elektrichestvo, No. 9, 7-12, Sept. 1965. 105, 1964. 696 Davis, R. M., Barwell, F. T., 684 Zeissig, F., The commutatorless diesel-electric locomotive. Ziele, Möglichkeiten und Probleme der verlust­ Proc. I EE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 126-133, 1965. lasen Drehzahlstellung an Drehfeldmaschinen. IX lnternat. Kolloquium Techn. Hochsch. llmenau, 697 Diesel-electric drive without commutators. 1964, (Eiektromot. Antriebe), 35-45. Cybernetics Electranies Railways (lnternat. Railway Congr. Assoc.), Vol. 1, No. 10, 431-6, 1965. 1965 698 Dolaberidze, G. P., 685 Abraham, L., Koppelmann, F., The conversion of d.c. into a.c. at variabie Käfigläufermotoren mit hoher Drehzahldynamik. frequency for electric traction. AEG Mitt., 55,118-123 (H. 2), 1965. Elektrotekhnika (USSR), No. 4, 58-62, April, 1965.

686 Amato, C. J., 699 Doser, P., Variabie speed with controlled slip induction Aniassen und Betrieb eines kollekteriosen Gleich­ motor. strommotors. IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndust. static power conversion Diss. ETH Zürich, 1965. Philadelphia 1-3 Nov.), 181-185, 1965. 700 Gathmann, H., 687 Anschutz, H., Automatic frequency converter for variabie speed Supply of current converter cascades for industrial drive of a train of motors. drives. BBC-Nachr. (Germany), 46, No. 12, 686-93, Jan. BBC Nachr. 47, No. 1, 13-20, Jan. 1965. 1965.

688 Aranchii, G. V., Zhemerov, G. G., Epshtein, I. 1., 701 G ierth, J ., A method of analysing self-contained inverters Das Drehmoment des Synchronmotors bei Spei­ supplying an induction motor. sung mit veränderlicher Frequenz. Elektrotekhnika (USSR) No. 5, 17-21, May, 1965. Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. llmenau, Heft 1965, p. 33.

689 Bayoumi, M., 702 Hamilton, R. A., Lezan, G. R., lnvestigation of a thyratron controlled syn­ Thyristor adjustable frequency power supplies for chronous motor by simuiatien on an analog strip mill run out tables. computer. IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndust. Static Power Convers ion, Diss. ETH Zürich, 1965. Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 69-77, 1965.

690 Boehringer, A., 703 Humphrey, A. J., Der Anlauf von Stramrichtermotoren mit Gleich­ Precise speed control with inverters. stromzwischenkreis. IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndust. Static Power Conversion, Di ss. T. H. Stuttgart, 1965. Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 78-83, 1965.

691 Bowler, P., 704 Khasayev, 0. 1., et al. The application of a cycloconverter to the control Voltage reguiatien in transistorised inverter of induction motors. induction motor systems. Proc.lEE Conf.10-11 Nov., 137-145,1965. Elektrichestvo, No. 9, 50-55, 1965.

692 Bowler, P., 705 King, K. G., The speed control of induction motors using Drehzahlregelung von Asynchronmotoren mittels static frequency-converters. frequenzregelbarer Thyristor Wechselrichter. A El Engng (G B) 5, No. 6, 286-91, Nov. Dec. 1965. E. und M., 82, 525-532, 1965.

52 706 King, K. G., 720 Wolfendale, Variabie frequency thyristor inverters for induction A d.c. motor with SCR commutator and synchro­ motor speed controL nous speed controL Direct Current, 10, 26-35, No. 1, 1965. Control. 9, 497, No. 87, 1965. See also 705. 721 Zenner, R. E., Zimmermann, L. B., 707 Korb, F., Selbach, A., SCR controlled low speed direct drive motor for Die Anwendung der kollekteriosen Maschinen drum recorder. mit Regelung über Stromrichter. IEEE Internat Convention Record, 13, pt. 11,21-34, Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische Antriebe. 1965. Tagung: VDE/VDI, Aachen p. 561-586, 1965. 722 Zürneck, H., Ein drehzahlgeregelter, spannungsgesteuerter 708 Lamb, C. St. J., Stromrichter-Asynchronmotor. lnduced-e.m.f. thyristor commutation. Di ss. T. H. D armstadt, 1 965. Electranies and power, October, 1965. 709 Lehmann, G., 1966 Some remarks on variabie speed electrical motors. 723 Düll, E. H., Rev. Gen. Elect. (France), 74, No. 9, 663-8, Sept. Der Stramrichtermotor mit gleichstromerregtem 1965. Polrad als drehzahlgeregelter Umkehrantrieb. Arch. Elektrotech., 50 (5), 297, 1966. 710 Lodochnikov, E. A., O.C. micromotors with static speed controL 724 Janonis, V. F., Elektrotekhnika No. 11, 24-26, 1965. H.V. d.c. brushless torpedo propulsion motor. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA-2, No. 4, 711 Mansour, M., 274-280, 1966. Theory of the collectorless direct current motor. 725 Lamb, C. St. J., Diss. ETH Zürich, 1965. A commutatorless ward-Leonard drive. 712 Mellgren, G., Direct Current, 11, 104-107, Aug. 1966. Thyristor converters for motor drives-some 726 Mokrytzki, B., experience in design and operation. Pulse width modulated inverter for A.C. motor Proc. I EE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 230-249, 1965. drives. 713 Meyer, M., IEEE Intern at. Conv. Rec., 14, Pt. 8, 8-23, 1966. Stramrichter gespeiste Drehfeldmaschinen. 727 Schönung, A., Energie- Elektronik und geregel te elektrische Antriebe, Der Umrichtermotor, ein neuer Antrieb in den Tagung: VDE/VDI Aachen, 398-407, 1965. H üttenwerken. BBC-Nachr. 47, 44-52, Jan. 1966. 714 Miyairi, S., Tsunehiro, Y., Analysis and the characteristics of a commutator­ 728 Seefried, E., less motor as a d.c. motor. Ströme und Drehmomente eines Umrichterges­ Elect. Engng. Japan, 85. No. 9, 51-62, 1965. peisten flussgeregelten Drehstromsynchronmotors im stationären Betrieb. 715 Ohno, E., Akamatsu, M., Elektrie, 20, 301 -306, 1966. Speed control of a.c. motors with adjustable frequency thyristor inverters. 729 Slabiak, W., Lawson, L. J., Mitsubishi Denki Lab. Rep. (Japan) 6, No. 2, Precise control of a three-phase squirrel cage 229-49, April, 1965. induction motor using a practical cycloconvertor. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic., IGA-2, No. 4, 716 Sato N., 274-280, 1966. Driving of synchronous motor by SCR inverter. Elect. Engng. Japan, 85, Nr. 4, p. 40, 1965. 730 Stepina, J., Betriebsverhalten der vom Wechselrichter gespeis­ 717 Steimel, K., Heumann, K., ten Asynchronmaschine. Kommutatorloser Bahnmator mit Pulswechselrich­ E. und M., 83, 295-303, H. 5, 1966. ter für Akkumulatortriebwagen. AEG-Mitt., 55, 220-226 (H. 3), 1965. 731 Thees, R., Small electric motors. 718 Subenko, V. A., Sreiner, R. L, Lihoserst, V. L, ETZ-A, 87, (H. 5), 171-5, 1966. Construction of converters for frequency speed speed reguiatien of electric drives. 732 Veshenevskii, S. N., Elektrotekhnika, 36, Nr. 10, 23-26, 1965. Speed control of induction motors by frequency variation. 719 Tellioglu, M., Elektrichestvo, No. 8, 59-63, Aug., 1966. Asynchronous motor speed control and reguiatien by a 3-phase thyristor converter. 733 Yates, W. W., Rev. Gen. Elect. (France), 74, No. 10, 791-800, Brushless d.c. motor. Oct., 1965. Machine-Design, 136-142, March, 1966.

53 6.3.2 Group 2 systems (a) Rotor control of induction machines

1938 1959 734 Alexanderson, E. F. W., Willis, Ch., Edwards, M., 744 Scott, P., Electronic speed control of motors. Slip power recovery. Trans. AIEE, 57, 343-354, 1938. Elect. Times, 136, 805-7, Dec. 31, 1959. 745 Shepherd, W., Slemon, G. R., 1940 Rotor impedance control of the wound-rotor 735 Kucera, J., induction motor. Die Phasenkompensation des Asynchronmotors Trans. AIEE 111. 78, 807-14, 1959. mit Frequenzwandler. E. und M., 58. 193-203, 1940. 1960 1941 746 Ben Uri, J., Wallach, Y., Eliath, E., The Krämer cascade with metallic rectifiers. 736 Matsumoto, M., Ohkochi, T., E. und M., 77, No. 3, 52-6, Feb., 1960. Secondary excitation of induction motor with mercury rectifier. 747 Surchamp, Y., Marty, P., Electrotechnical, J. 5, 75-77, 1941. Method of regulating a variabie-speed induction motor. 737 Jaeschke, H. E., C.R. Acad. Sci. (Fr.), 251, No. 7, 932-4, Aug., 1960. Der Resonanzmotor, ein drehzahlgeregelter Dreh­ feld-lnduktionsmotor mit Nebenschlussverhalten. Arch. Elektrotech., 35, 695-704, 1941. 1961 1950 748 Gerecke, E., Terens, U., Mittels eines rotorseitigen Stramrichters regelbarer 738 Chernyavskii, F. 1., Asynchronmotor. Group consisting of asynchronous motor, d.c. Neue Technik, 3, 110-124, 1961. machine and mercury rectifier. Elektrichestvo, No. 6, 38-41, J une, 1950. 749 Meyer, M., The single-range induction motor and static 739 Leukert, W., converter cascade system. Operating conditions with a slip-ring induction Siemens Zeitschrift, 35 (4), 231-3, April, 1961. motor having impedances proportional to slip. ETZ, 71. 313-16, June, 1950. 750 Meyer, M., Ueber die untersynchrone Stromrichterkaskade. 1951 ETZ-A, 82, 589-596, H. 19, 1961. 740 Kovacs, K. P., New mehtod of speed reguiatien of asynchronous 1962 motors. Elektrotechnika, 44, 278-9, Sept.. 1951. 751 Dunayevskii, S. YA., Yakobson, N. B., Rotational speed control of an asynchronous 1952 motor using opposing magnetic amplifiers in the 741 Sirotin, A. A., rotor circuit. Electric drive by an induction motor with Elektrichestvo, No. 12, 51 -4, Dec., 1962. oscillatory circuits in the rotor. Elektrichestvo, No. 7, 11-17, 1952. 752 Horan, N. A. W., Speed control of an induction motor by using 1956 rotor switches. M.Sc. thesis, Univarsity of Birmingham, 1962. 742 Alger, P. L., Ku, Y. U., Speed control of induction motors using saturable 753 Shibata, F., reactors. A method for speed control of wound rotor type AIEE Trans. (Part 111: Power apparatus and systems) induction machine. 1335-1341, 1956. JIEE, Japan, 82, 388-397, 1962.

1957 1963 743 Costandoni, C., 754 Basu P. R., The Kraemer system with semiconductor rectifiers. A variabie speed induction motor using silicon R.C. 58 Riun. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal. (Rome, 1957), controlled rectifier switches in the rotorcircuit. Paper 308. M.Sc. thesis, Univarsity of Birmingham, 1963.

54 755 Bland, R. J., Hancock, N. N., Whitehead, R. W., 765 Nishida, F., Mizuno, S., Considerations concerning a modified Kramer­ Speed control of wound rotor induction motor by system. Scherbius system. Proc. IEEE, 110, No. 12, 2228-32, Dec., 1963. Elect. Engng. Japan, 84. No. 9, 53-62, 1964. 756 Cottingham, J. G., Grossman, A. S., Feltman, A. V., A solid-state control tor a pulse-loaded induction 1965 motor. 766 Bange!, H. J., Colmsee, J., Michel, M., Elect. Engng. (USA), 82, No. 10, 629-32, Oct., 1963. Drehzahregelung eines Drehstrom-Schleifring­ 757 Erlicki, M. S., Ben Uri, J., Wallach, Y., läufermotors mit Thyristoren. Switching drive of induction motors. AEG-Mitt., 55, H. 2, 135-140, 1965. Proc. lEE, 110, 1441-1450. 1963. 767 Cieszow, G., Kulka, S., 758 Myasoedov, 0. M., Die Anwendung von pulsgesteuerten Widerstän• An asynchronous valve (rectifier) -machine cas­ den bei Gleichstrom- Reihenschlussmotoren und cade that returns slip energy to the shaft through Drehstrom-Schleifringläufermotoren. a motor. AEG-Mitt., 55, H. 2, 123-129, 1965. Vestnik Elektropram (USSR) No. 5, 31-3, May, 1963. 768 Erlicki, M. S., 759 Polge, R. J., lnverter rotor drive of an induction motor. Speed control of a wound rotor induction motor IEEE Trans. Power Apparatus Systems, PAS-84, with static inverter in the rotor circuit. No. 11, 1011-1016, 1965. Ph.D. dissertation. Carnegie lnstitute of Technology, 769 Kümmel, F., Pittsburgh, 1963. Geregelte Antriebe mit Drehstromschleifringläu• fermotoren. 1964 Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische Antriebe. Tagung VDE/VDI, Aachen, 398-407, 1965. 760 Abraham, L., Patzschke, U., Pulstechnik für die Drehzahlsteuerung von Asyn­ 770 Lemmrich, J., chronmotoren. Frequenzanaloge Motorsteuerung mit kontaktloser 75 Jahre Käfigläufermotoren, Berlin, AEG, 133-140, Bauel menten. 1964. Die Elektrische Ausrustung: lndustrielle Elektronik AEG Mitteilungen 54, 133-'140, 1964. und Automation, No. 2, April, 1965.

761 Golde, E., 771 Surchamp, Y., Asynchronous motor with electronic slip controL Ouelques applications des semi-conducteurs au AEG Mitteilungen 54, H. 11/12, 666-71, 1964. règlage de la vitesse des moteurs asynchronés. Rev. Gen. Elect., 74, (No. 7 /8), 573-588, 1965. 762 Lemmrich, J., Der synchronsierte lnduktionsmotor. ETZ-A, 85, 724, H. 22, 1964. 1966 763 Macauley, I. M., Woods, W., Michael, J. S., 772 Lavi, A., Polge, R. J., Wakeley, H. lnduction motor speed control with static High efficiency variabie speed induction motor inverter in the rotor. drives and their applications. IEEE Transactions Power Apparatus Systems, AEI Engng., 4, 237, No. 5, 1964. PAS-85, 76-84, Jan., 1966.

764 Movshovich, P. M., Khavkin, B. P., 773 Wallach, Y., Erlicki, M. S., Ben-Uri, T., The utility of twofold regulation of drives Transients in a Kramer cascade. employing a machine and a rectifier combination. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA.2. 138, No. 2, Elektrotekhnika, No. 9, 26-27, Sept., 1964. 1966.

(b) Voltage controlled machines

1926 1932 774 Lebrecht, 776 Ehrensperger, C., Shunt motor supplied trom single-phase rectifier. Grid-controlled mercury-vapour tube as an E. und M., 44. 389-394, 1926. inverter. Rev. Gen. Elect., 82. 469-478, 1932. 1930 1933 775 King, W. R., 777 Bayha, H., Valve-rectifiers tor cantrolling motor speed. Speed control with mercury-arc rectifiers. Power, 72. 761 -763, 1930. Siemens Zeitschrift, Sonderheft Part I, 303-307, 1933.

55 778 Deutschmann, P., 1940 Grid-controlled rectifier for reversing motor 791 Blaufuss, K., operation. Drehzahlregelung von Gleichstrommotoren durch Siemens Zeitshcrift Senderheft Part L 295-300, 1933. Stromstösse. Arch. Elektrotech., 34, 581-590, 1940. 1935 792 Frohme, H. L., 779 Leukert W., Die Ouecksilberschaltröhre als Unterbrecher im Speed control with grid-controlled rectifiers. Gleichstromkreis. Siemens Zeitschrift 51, 220-226, (Sonderheft) 1935 Diss. T. H. Hannover, März. 1940. 780 Schilling, W., Zur Regelung von Gleichstrommotoren über 1943 gittergesteuerte Gleichrichter. 793 Anschütz, H., Arch. Elektrotech., 29, 622-631, 1935. Zur Frage der Wirtschaftlichkeit von industriellen Antrieben mit Stromrichterspeisung. 781 Vasiliu, G., E. und M., 170-176, 1943. Suppression of pulsations in rectified current feeding series motors. 794 Moerder, C., Rev. Gen. Elect., 38, 708-711, Nov., 1935. Gleichstrommotorsteuerung mittels Schwingrelais nach Grau. Arch. Elektrotech, 37, 571-587, 1943. 1936 782 Stöhr, M., 795 Moyer, E. E., Palmer, H. L., Control of O.C. motors with rectifiers. Thyratron motor controL VDE Fachber., 133-136, Disc. 136, 1936. Trans. AIEE, 62,706-712,1943.

1937 1944 783 Anschütz, H., Stöhr, M., 796 Palmer, H. L., Leigh, H. H., Construction and action of rectifiers for controlled lnvertor action on reversing of thyratron motor drives. controL AEG Mitt., No. 5, 177-184, May, 1937. Trans. AIEE, 63, 175-184, 1944.

784 Anschütz, H., Stöhr, M., 797 Siegfried, F., Rectifiers for motor operation. Behaviour factors of rectifier-driven d.c. motors. AEG Mitt., No. 6, 208-216, Juni 1937. Trans. AIEE, 63, 530-532, 1944.

785 Garman, G. W., 1945 Thyratron d.c. motor controL Electronics, 10, 20-21, June, 1937. 798 Mitchell, H.T., Pilling, T., Constant speed impulse motors. 786 Leukert, W., P.O. Elect. Engrs. J., 37, 109-112, 1945. Operation on winding plant by rectifiers. ETZ, 58, 527-531, May 20 and 591-594, June, 1937. 1946 799 Forster, E. W., 787 Monath, L. P., Thyratron motor controL The single-phase 50 c/s traction motor with BTH Activ. (Brit. Thomson-Houston), 19, 32-35, grid controlled rectifier. Jan., 1946. VDE Fachber., 9, 144-147, 1937. 800 Leigh, H. H., 788 Zehnder, H., Simplified thyratron motor controL Series motor supplied by grid-controlled rectifier. G.E. Rev., 49, 18-27, Sept., 1946. ETZ, 58, 715-718, July, 1937. 801 Variabie speed power drive. Engineer (Lond), 182, 423-4, Nov., 1946. 1938 789 Garman, G. W., 1947 Thyratron control of d.c. motors. 802 Wolf, F. T. de, G.E. Rev., 41, 202-208, 1938. D.C. motor operation with rectifier power supply. G.E. Rev., 50, 15-19, April, 1947. 1939 1948 790 Schuisky, W., 803 Calosi, C., Das Drehzahlverhalten des Gleichstrommotors bei Regulation of d.c. motors supplied through Speisung durch gittergesteuerter Gleichrichter. thyratrons. E. und M., 57, 151-154, 1939. Elettrotecnica, 35, 469-88, Dec., 1948.

56 804 Devoy, J. R., 818 Hölters, F., New thyratron circuit for motor controL Rectifier plant for the supply of d.c. motors. Electronics, 21, 116-19, April, 1948. AEG-Mitt., 41, 233-9, Sept./Oct., 1951. 805 lvakhnenko, A. G., Regulation of the speed of a three-phase asyn­ 1952 chronous motor with the aid of thyratrons and 819 Mathias, G. E., series transformers. Constant potential d-e hoist controL Elektrichestvo, No. 9, (Sept.), 57-59, 1948. Westinghouse Engr., 12, 62-3, March, 1952. 806 Kraitsberg, M. 1., 820 Reiter, C. R., Ammerman, C. R., Regulation of the speed of rotation of d.c. motors lncreased losses in a d.c. motor when operated by the use of saturated choking coils. from grid-controlled rectifiers. Elektrichestvo, No. 6, 48-50, 1948. Trans. AIEE, 11, 71,77-82, 1952. 807 Schmidt, A., Smith, W. P., 821 Rosa, J., Operating d.c. motors from controlled rectifiers. On the calculation of the motorand equipment of Elect. Engng., 67, 516, June, 1948. thyratron-fed and grid-controlled d.c. motors. Elektrotekhnika, 45, 210-15, July, 1952. 808 Tuttle, W. N., Speed control for smal! a.c. motors. 822 Vitalyos, L., Electronics, 21, 106-9, Feb., 1948. Operating conditions of d.c. motors fed by grid­ controlled rectifiers. 1949 Elektrotekhnika, 45, 205-9, July, 1952. 809 Bulgakov, A. A., Theory of working of a rectifier-fed electric drive 1953 in the region of intermittent currents. 823 Larguier, R., Elektrichestvo, No. 3, 13-20, March, 1949. Precision speed control of d.c. motors by thyratrons. 810 Savasteev, V. G., Onde Elect., 33, 414-20, July, 1953. Transient processes in a rectifier-fed drive of hoisting plant. Elektrichestvo, No. 11, 26-32, Nov., 1949. 1954 824 Cubanov, M. N., 1950 Circuit for continuous speed control of an induc­ 811 Bingley, P., tion motor and methad of calculating its The characteristics and control of rectifier motor mechanica! characteristics. variabie-speed drives. Elektrichestvo, No. 12, 8-13, 1954. I EE, Paper, 1157, 1950. 825 Sobotka, H., 812 Grün, A., Electronic motor control devices. Electronic regulation of motors. Electronic Applic. Buil., 15, No. 4-5, 45-60, 1954. Z. Ver. dtsch. Ing. (VDI), 92, 861-6, Nov., 1950. 813 Maevskii, 0. A., 1955 Generalized diagram of operation of a thyratron 826 Blatter, H., electric drive. Mutator-fed variabie-speed drives. Elektrichestvo, No. 1 0, 23-7, Oct., 1950. Brown Boveri Rev., 42, No. 4-5, 158-67, Aprii/May, 1955. 814 Mulhern, M. J., Crawford, S. N., Rectifiers for sleetronie d.c. motor drives. 827 Kusko, A., Nelson, J. G., Elect. Engng., 69, 431, May, 1950. Magnetic amplifier control of d.c. motors. Trans. AIEE, I, 74, 326-33, 1955. 815 Leonhard, A., Voltage regulation of d.c. generators by magnetic 828 Rosa, J., amplifiers. Calculation of d.c. motor drives fed by thyratrons ETZ, 71, 307-8, June, 1950. and by grid-controlled mercury are rectifiers. Acta tech. Hungar, 12, (3/4), 187-207,1955. 816 Tiede, R. V., Speed torque control of induction motors. Elect. Engng., 69, 409, May, 1950. 1956

1951 829 Chilikin, M. G., Sokolov, M. M., Klyuvhev, V. 1., 817 Grün, A., Controllable drive by induction motor with Control and regulation of d.c. motors with saturable reactors and premagnetization of the thyratrons. motor. ETZ, 72, 35-38, Jan., 1951. Elektrichestvo, No. 1, 21-6, 1956.

57 830 Krechetovich, N. N., 843 Rotkop, L. L., Electric drive with impulse control of the speed Power characteristics of an induction motor in a of the induction motor. pulse speed-control system. Elektrichestvo, No. 3, 23-8, 1956. Elektrichestvo, No. 11, 38-42, 1958.

831 Kummel, F., 844 Seegmiller, W. R., Gegentakterregung von elektrische Maschinen Reversible d.c. shunt motor drive using magnetic durch Magnetverstärker. amplifier. ETZ-A, 77, Nr. 14, 492-498, 1956. Proc. Nat. Electronics Conf. 14, 898-904, 1958. 845 Stepina, J., Bendl, J., 1957 The effect of the ripple of the d.c. current on the 832 Leonhard, W., performance of motors supplied by rectifiers. Speed control of d.c. motor using a magnetic Prace Ustavu pro Elektrotech. CSAV No. 9, 123-56, amplifier. 1958. Trans. AIEE, 76, pt. I, (May), 112-119,1957. 1959 833 Bernardini, L., 846 Brückmüller, K., Thyratron control of d.c. motors. Control of d.c. motors with transistors. Riun. Assoc. Elettrotec. ltal. R.C. (Trieste 1956), Elektronik, 8, No. 6, 179-182, June, 1959. Paper 312. 847 Curie, C., 834 Borisov, K. N., Electronic speed reguiatien system for a variabie Speed reguiatien of a d.c. motor by transdueters speed asynchronous induction motor. and semiconductors. C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 249, No. 23,2517-19,1959. Elektrichestvo, No. 2, 40-43, 1957. 848 Foote, L. R., Adjustable speed control of a.c. motors. 835 Kafka, W. en Doel!, W., Elect. Engng., 78, 840-843, 1959. Der durch Magnetverstärker gesteuerte Asyn­ chronmotor. 849 Giot, C., ETZ-A, 78, Nr. 24, 884-890, 1957. Speed reguiatien of an asynchronous motor by means of a magnetic amplifier. 836 Leonhard, W., Rev. E., 2, No. 10, 268-76, 1959. Speed control of a d.c. motor using a magnetic amplifier. 850 Jötten, R., Trans. AIEE, I, 76, 112-119, 1957. Zur Theorie und Praxis der Regelung von Strom­ richterantrieben, Teil I. 1958 Regelungstechnik 7, H. 1, 5-10, 1959. 837 Abram, L., McBreen, J. P., Sherlock, J., 851 Jötten, R., D.C. winder drives using mercury are rectifiers/ Zur Theorie und Praxis der Regelung von Strom­ inverters. richterantrieben, Teil 11. Proc. lEE, 105A, 77-96, 1958, Paper 2324U. Regelungstechnik, H. 2, 44-47, 1959.

838 Benedikt, 0., Vitalyos, L., 852 Kubler, E. F., Some comments on a chapter of the theory of The armature current form factor of a d.c. motor grid-controlled rectifiers. connected to a controlled rectifier. Periodica polytech. Elect. Engng. 2, No. 4, 285-97, Trans. AIEE, 111,78, 764-70, 1959. 1958. 853 Lappe, R., 839 Chabry, C., Henry, X., Lheureux, R., Willems, M., Antriebsregelungen von lnduktionsmotoren mit Supplying reversible motors by excitrons. Gasentladungsventilen oder magnetische Ver­ Rev. Jeumont, 51, 153-168, July/Sept., 1958. stärker. T. H. Dresden, Habilitationsschrift. 840 Dornheim, H., Fakultät für Elektrotechnik, Nov., 1959. Control of mutator-fed reversing drives. Elektron. Rdsch., 12, No. 12, 407-11, Dec., 1958. 854 Semenov, I. B., Yarina, Yu. Z., Asynchronous motor speed reguiatien by a valve­ 841 Foldi, 1., Bühler, H., contact cascade circuit. Characteristics of thyratron controlled d.c. motors. Automat. Remote Control, 20, No. 8, 1088-94, Buil. Oerlikon, No. 331, 138-146, Dec. 1958. Aug., 1959.

842 Leonhard, W., 855 Stepina, J., Bendl, J., Elements of reactor-controlled reversible induc­ The influence of rectifier current ripple of d.c. tion motor drives. motors. Trans. AIEE (Applic.lndustry), 77,1958,106-115. Elektrotech. Obz r. 48 (No. 1 0), 528-35, 1959.

58 856 Terekhov, V. M., 869 Gutenbaum, J., Rating determination of asynchronous motors An analysis of follow-up system operating with controlled by voltage regulation. d.c. motor controlled by pulse duration modulation. Elektrichestvo, No. 7, 32-5, July, 1959. Arch. Automat Telemech. 6 (4), 453-62, 1961. 870 Gutenbaum, J., 857 Zimin, E. M., Some characteristics of a pulse controlled d.c. Calculation of static speed characteristics for a motor. controlled mercury-arc rectifier-motor system. Arch. Automat Telemech. 6 (4), 435-51, 1961. Elektrichestvo, 1959, No. 12, Dec. 39-46, 1959. 871 Reichmann, H., 858 Zollinger, H. A., Stramrichter mit steuerbaren Siliziumzellen für Application of reactor control to a.c. motors. motorische Antriebe. Westinghouse Engr.,19 (Sept.),156-160, 1959. AEG Mitt., 51, 463-471, 1961.

1960 1962 859 Badr, H., Primary-side controlled three-phase induction 872 Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppelmann, F., machine. Anfahren, Regeln und Nutzbremsen von Gleich­ Diss. ETH-Zürich, (Prom nr. 3066) 1960. stromfahrzeugen mit steuerbaren Siliziumzellen. VDE-Fachber. 22, 189-98, 1962. 860 Coulon, J., Meric, J., Serayssol, M., Universa! motor supplied through thyratrons. 873 Brisby, K., Friman, C. J., C.R. Acad. Sc. (Paris), 250. No. 23,3813-15, June, Thyristor static exciters for d.c. machines. 1960. Asea J. 35 {5/6), 78-80, 1962. 861 Dunaiski, R. M., 874 Dorward, L. F., The effect of rectifier power supply of large d.c. Control of the speed of induction motors by motors. means of mercury vapour triades. Trans. AIEE, 111, 79, 253-9, 1960. Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1962. 862 Fritzsch, W., 875 Förster, J ., lmpulse-controlled d.c. motors. Vollbahnlokomotive mit steuerbaren und nicht­ International Colloquium llmenau, 1, Pt. 1, B49-B54, steuerbaren Stromrichterventilen. 1960. Elekt. Bahnen, 33, 226-230, (H. 11 B), 1962.

863 Haar, G., 876 Friebe, H., Beanspruchung kleiner Gleichstrommotoren bei Neue Technik bei elektrischen Bahnen. Speisung aus Gleichrichter-, Magnetverstärker- AEG-Mitt., 52, 53-57, (H. 3/4), 1962. u nd Thyratron -steuergeräten. Elektron. Rdsch., nr. 4, 126-128, 1960. 877 Gerecke, E., Badr., H., Asynchronmaschine mit primärseitig eingebauten 864 Hausen, G., Biringer, P. P., Slemon, G. R., steuerbaren Ventilen. A variabie-speed reversible drive using an induc­ Neue Technik 4, 125-134, H. 3, 1962. tion motor. Trans. AIEE 111, 78, 1549-54, 1960. 878 Hartmann, 0., 865 Jötten, R., Stramrichter mit steuerbaren Siliziumzellen für die Converter drives: a survey of progress. Regelung elektrischer Triebfahrzeugen. Elekt. Bahnen, 33, 137-138, H. 5, 1962. VDE-Fachber. 21 I, 70-82, 1960. 866 Jötten, R., 879 Jones, R. B., Olds, A. R., Geregelte Stromrichter-Umkehrantrieb mit Vier­ Static power supplies tor adjustable speed drives. schichtentrioden in Gegenparallelschaltung. Elect. Engng., 81, 178-186, 1962. AEG-Mitt., 50, 285-287, (H. 6/7), 1960. 880 Kummel. F., Reichmann, H., The new semiconductor drives. 1961 AEG-Mitt., 52 (3/4), 103-106, 1962. 867 Eliasberg, G. B., Analysis of a circuit tor the control of a d.c. motor 881 Martensson, H., Karlsson, A., by means of a bridge reversive semiconductor Thyristor static converters tor d.c. machine drives. amplifier. Asea J. 35, (5)6, 71-77, 1962. Avtomat i Telemekh., 22 (9), 1229-34, 1961. 882 Nagata, T., 868 Glazenko, T. A., Gai'Berton, G. A., O.C. motor control circuit with silicon controlled Speed control of d.c. motors with a semiconductor rectifier. key in the armature circuit. Buil. Electrotech. Lab (Japan), 26, No. 8, 24-34, El~'ktrichestvo (USSR) No. 2, 49-55, Feb., 1961. Aug., 1962.

59 883 Neale, B. T. M., 894 Ben-Uri, J., Schieber, D., Wallach, Y., SCR-control of a.c. power. Series motor tor constant speed, fed by magnetic Marconi Rev., 25, (First Otr.), 89-95, 1962. amplifier. E. und M., 81, (6), 137-9, 1964. 884 Zagalsky, N., Shepherd, W., Wide-range reversibte voltage controllers tor 895 Black, K. G., polyphase induction motors. The effect of rectifier discontinuous current on Trans AIEE 11, 81, 272-7, 1962. motor performance. IEEE Trans. Applic. lndustr. 32, 1964. 1963 896 Burkov, A. T., Electromagnetic processes in a traction network 885 Coulon, J., Fournet J. P., during the oparation of rectifier locomotives with Variabie speed wound-round motor, fed by vol­ regenerative braking. tage impulses. Papers of the lnstitute of Railraad Transportation C.R. Acad. Sci (France), 256. n. 24, 5086-7, June, Engineers, nr. 227, p. 3-23, 1964. 1963. 897 Gurwicz, D., 886 lshaki, T., lshikawa, S., A pulsed O.C. motor control system. Dynamic characteristics of the separately excited Elect. Rev. (GB), No. 19,175,696-9, Nov., 1964. SCR driven d.c. servomotor. Elect. Engng. Japan, 83, No. 7, 48, 1963. 898 Hengsberger, J., Putz, U., Vetters, L., Thyristor Stramrichter für Bahnmotoren. 887 Knapke, A., AEG Mitt., 54, 435-442, H. 5/6, 1964. lnvestigation of a scheme claiming hard speed­ torqua characteristics with asynchronous motors 899 Heumann, K., over the fullspeed range. Putse control of d.c. and a.c. motors by silicon­ Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. llemnau, 9 (4), 541-4, 1963. controlled rectifiers. IEEE Trans. Commun. Electranies (USA), 73, 390-9, 888 Murphy, R. H., Namiar, K. P. P., July, 1964. A.C. series motor speed control with silicon 900 Koppelmann, F., Michel, M., controlled rectifiers. Kontaktlose Steuerung der Drehzahl von Asyn­ J. lnstn. Telecomm. Engrs. (India), 9, No. 1, 37-53, chronmotoren mit Hilfe antiparalleler Thyristoren. Jan., 1963. 75 Jahre Käfigläufermotoren, Berlin,AEG, p. 126-132, 889 Sokolow, M. M., 1964. Untersuchung des statischen und dynamischen 901 Kovacs, K. P., Verhaltens eines Asynchronantriebs mit Sät• Exact and complete simulation of 3-phase a.c. tigungsdrosseln. asynchronous motors with SCR stator controL Wiss. Z. Tech. Hochsch. llmenau, 9, 535-540, 1963. Acta Tech. Hungar, 48, No. 3-4, 445-58, 1964.

890 Traverso, U., 902 Lappe, R., The use of silicon controlled diodes for the Typisierte Stramrichter für Antriebsregelung kleinerer regulation of electrical machines. Leistung. RC 64 Ruin Assoc. Electrotec. ltal (Stresa 1963). Wiss. z. Tech. Univ. Dresden, 13, 239-248, 1964. Paper 78. 903 Mapham, N. W., Hey, J. C., 891 Turnbult, F. G., The control of battery powered a.c. motors using Controlled rectifier d.c.-d.c. 30 HP motor drive. SCR's in the Jones circuit. Trans. AIEE I, Vol. 81, 458-62, 1963. IEEE Internat Conv. Rec. Pt. 4, 124-131, 1964. ( Commun. and Electronics, No. 64, Jan .. 1963). 904 Morgan, R. E., 892 Weinrich, G., Landau, I. D., Anastasiu, S., Con­ Time ratio control with combined SCR and SR stantinescu, M ., commutation. The automatic regulating of speed in direct current IEEE Trans Commun. Electranies (USA) No. 73, motors controlled by thyristors. 366-71, July, 1964. Automat si Electronica (Rumania), 7, No. 1, 24-31, Jan./Feb., 1963. 905 Protanskii, S. A., Combined frequency and impulse control of 1964 asynchronous motors and its characteristics. Elektrotekhnika No. 1 0, 11-13, Oct., 1964. 893 Bailey, F. M., Konrad, C. E., Oynamic characteristics of controlled rectifier 906 Saito, H., alternating current drives. Speed control of small capacity d.c. motors by lEE Conf. Publ. (G.B.) No. 11, 123-7, 1964. using SCR. (Commutation in rotating machines, London, 1964). Hitachi Review, No. 6, 13, 8, 1964.

60 907 Shapiro, L Ya, Sandler, A. S., 919 Choudhury, R. L., Transient behaviour in rectifier drives. Untersuchung einer Gleichstromzerhackerschal­ Elektrichestvo, No. 1, 59-66, Jan., 1964. tung mit Kondensator und Sättigungsdrossel im Löschkreis des Ventils. 908 Shepherd, W., Stanway, J .. Diss. T.H. Dresden, 1965. The polyphase induction motor controlled by firing angle adjustment of silicon controlled 920 Czajkowski, A., rectifiers. Analysis of oparation of a d.c. motor driven by a IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec. Pt. 4, 135-154, 1964. 3-phase bridge-rectifier. Zeszyty Nauk. Politech. Lodz. Elektryka (Poland). 909 Takeuchi, T. J., No. 4, 41-64, 1965. Characteristics of d.c. motor operating under full-wave rectifying circuit. 921 Duff, D. L., Ludbrook, A., Elect. Engng. Japan, 84, No. 7, 23, July, 1964. Reversing thyristor armature dual converter with logic crossover controL 910 Taylor, J. C., Weigold, F. P., IEEE lnternat. Conv. Record, Pt. 8, 128-135, 1965. Wide-range speed control for small motors. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. p. 216, 1965. Westinghouse Engr. (USA) 24, No. 5, 146-9, Sept., 1 964. 922 Forbes-Simrock, J., Control of O.C. motors by thyristors. 911 Vaid, S. S., lndustrial Electronics, 2, 205, No. 5, May, 1965. Stramrichter für die Regelung von Gleichstrom­ motoren. 923 Geissing, H., Mölltgen, G., Diss. T. H. Dresden, F. f. Elektrotechnik, Sept., 1964. Thyristorstromrichter für Gleichstrom-Umkehran­ triebe. 912 Vinogradov, A. L., Lukin, F. F.. Fedorov, B. A., Siemens zeitschrift, 39, 249-252, (H. 4), 1965. Jmpulse method for regulating rotating speed of an asynchronous motor. 924 Gleixner, H., Gorman, H. W., Rosenberry, G. M., Records of Agricultural lnstitute, Nr. 94, p. 211-214, Silicon controlled rectifier crane drive. 1964. IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec.,13. pt 8,142-3,1965.

913 Wagner, R., Wolski, A., 925 Gregg, P. J., Batterie-Triebfahrzeuge mit Gleichstromsteuerung Electronic motor controls for battery powered über Thyristoren. vehicles. Elekt. Bahnen, 35, 2-8 (H. 10), 1964. IEEE Conf. Ree (lndust. static power conversion Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 190-196, 1965. 914 Wagner, R., Elektronischer Gleichstromsteller zur Geschwin­ 926 Hockel, 1., digkeitssteuerung elektrischer Triebfahrzeuge. Achswickler mit Thyristorspeisung. Siemens Zeitschrift, 38, 14-19, 1964. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, 279, 1965.

915 Zeeuw, W. J. de, Polak, M. M., Versteld, L. R. G., 927 Heintze, K., Wagner, R., Control of a d.c. series motor by semiconductor Thyristorsteuerungen für Gleichstromtrieb­ switching elements. fahrzeuge. · Elektrotechniek 42, (20), 467-471, 1964. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, 266-268, 1965. 928 Hoffmann, A., Zabel, R., 1965 Stelleinrichungen mit Thyristoren. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39,1022-1026, H. 9,1965. 916 Arutynyan, M. R., Kossov, 0. A., Steady-state characteristics of a thyristor d.c. 929 Holmes, P. G., drive. The speed control of a d.c. shunt motor, using Elektrichestvo (USSR) No. 12, 58-63, 1965. silicon controlled rectifiers. lnternat. J. Elect. Engng. Educ., 2, No. 4, 555-65, 917 Beasley, J ., White, G., 1965. The use of thyristor tor the control of a DC traction motor operation from a 600 V line supply. 930 lshikawa, H., Proc.lEE Conf.10-11 Nov., 187-192,1965. An analysis of sparkless zone of d.c. machine driven by rectifier power supply. 918 Borst, D. W., Diebold, E. J., Parrish, F. W., Elect. Engng. Japan, 85, No. 7, 29-35, 1965. Voltage control by means of power thyristors. lEE Conf. Ree (lndust. Static Power Conversion 931 lvachuk, B. N., Lipman, R. A., et al Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 120-148, 1965. Thyristor magnatie amplifiers for control of a.c. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA-26, No. 2, motors. 102-123, 1965. Elektrichestvo, No. 11, 44-50, 1965.

61 932 Jones, J. 1., 944 Weber, H. F., A modern rod mill main drive using thyristors. Pulse-width modulation d.c. motor controL Proc. JEE Conf., 10-11 Nov., 211-18, 1965. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Electranies control lnstrum. I ECI-1 2, No. 1, 24-8, March, 1965. 933 Korb, F., Einstellung der Drehzahl von lnduktionsmotoren 1966 durch antiparallele Ventile auf der Netzseite. ETZ-A, 86, 275-279, H. 8, 1965. 945 Bird, B. M., Harlen, R. M., Variabie characteristic d.c. machines. 934 Kröhling, E., Muth, W. D., Proc. lEE, 113, (No. 11), 1813-1819, 1966. Gleichstrompulssteuerungen für elektrogabelstap­ ler. Energie-elektronik und geregelte Elektrische Antriebe. 946 Heintze, K., Martin, F., Tagung VDE/VDI, Aachen 1965, p. 398-407. Gleichstromlokomotive für Fahrleitungsbetrieb mit thyristorgleichstromsteller. Elekt. Bahnen, 37, 129-137, (6), 1966. 935 Kurnosov, B. D., The use of thyristors for excitation of high-power synchronous machines. 947 Heintze, K., Wagner, R., Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 153-157, 1965. Elektronischer Gleichstromsteller zur Geschwin­ digkeitsteuerung von aus Fahrleitungen gespeisten 936 Neuffer, 1., Gleichstrom-Triebfahrzeugen. Stromrichterantriebe mit Mometenumkehr. ETZ-A, 87, 165-170, H. 5,1966. Siemens Zeitschrift, 1079-1083, H. 9, 1965. 948 Howell, E. K., 937 Raphael, H., Shunt-motor speed controL Battery operated traction. Applications and Electronic Design, 56-60, Jan., 1966. limitations of battery-operated traction. Elektrotek. Tidsskrift (Norway), 78, No. 26, 477-84, 949 Howell, E., 1965. Solid state control for d.c. motor provides variabie speed with synchronous motor perfor­ 938 Rettig, C. E., Roumanis, P. J., mance. Thyristor drives for metal rolling applications. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic., IGA-2, 132, 1966. IEEE Conf. Record (lndust. Static Power conversion), Philadelphia, Nov. 1-3), 59-68, 1965. 950 Kelley, T. R., 939 Serabrjakov, A. N., A new control concept for electric vehicles. Consideration of intermittent current modes in IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec.,14, (No. 8), 41-49, 1966 rnadelling a regulated mercury rectifier and motor­ system. 951 Khamudkhanov, M. Z., Saifulaev, 1., Bulletin of Higher Schools: Electromechanics, Degree of efficiency of a rectifier motor. 8, Nr. 8, 917-922, 1965. Bulletin of the Acad. of Sci. of the Uzbek SSR: Technica! Science series, Vol. 10, Nr. 1, 3-9, 1966. 940 Shofield, J. R. G., Smith, G. A., Whitmore, M. G., The application of thyristors to the control of 952 Newell, A. F., Williamson, K. H., d.c. machines. Regenerative braking of d.c. motors. Proc.lEE Conf.10-11 Nov., 219-229,1965. Mullard Tech. Commun., 8, 283-90, Jan., 1966. 941 Skudelny, H. C., Stromrichterschaltungen für Wechselstrom-Trieb­ 953 Reimers, E., fahrzeuge. Relationship of motor time constant to d.c. ETZ-A. 86, 249-259, H. 8, 1965. chopper design. IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec., 14 (Pt. 8), 50-56, 1966. 942 Stringer, L. F., Thyristor d.c. drive systems for a non-terrous 954 Varskii, V. A., hotline. A quick acting electric drive with reversible IEEE Conf. Record (lnd. Static power conversion, thyristor excitation. Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 40-58, 1965. Elektrotekhnika, No. 2, 19-21, 1966.

943 Wagner, R., 955 Zenkel, D., Elektronische Gleichstromsteller. Direct-eurrent pulse control for electric vehicles Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische Antriebe. (Gieichstrom-Pulssteuerung für Elektrofahrzeuge). Tagung VDE/VDI Aachen, 187-199, Sept., 1965. Elektrie, 20, (6), 240-244, 1966.

62 6.4 WORK CONCERNING SEMICONDUCTOR POWER SWITCHES

1952 968 Macintosh, I. M., 956 Ebers, J. J., The electrical characteristics of P-N-P-N triades. Four-terminal p-n-p-n transistors. Proc. I RE, 46, 1229, 1958. Proc. IRE, 40,1361-1364,1952. 969 Mackintosh, 1.. Three-terminal p-n-p-n transistor switches. 1954 IRE-transactions electron. devices, ED-10, 11, 957 Kingston, R. H., Jan., 1958. Switching time in junction diodes and junction transistors. Proc. IRE, 42, (5) 829-834, 1954. 1959 970 Harnden, J. 0., 958 Lax, B., Neustadter, S. F., The controlled rectifier: key to the continuing Transient response of a p-n junction. control renaissance. J. appl. Phys. 25, (9),1148-1154,1954. Trans. AIEE I, 77, 1006-12, 1959. 959 Steele, E. L., Charge starage in junction diodes. 971 Aldrich, R. W., Holonyak, N. J .• J. Appl. Phys., 25, (7), 916-918, 1954. Two-terminal asymmetrical and symmetrical silicon negative resistance switches. J. Appl. Phys., 30, 1819-24, 1959. 1955 960 Herlet, A., 972 Baker, A. N., Goldey, J. M .• Ross, I. M., Die Abhängikeit der Stramdichte eines p-i-n Recovery time of PNPN diodes. Gleichrichters von der Breite seiner Mittelzone. IRE Wescon Conv. Rec. Pt. 3 on electron devices Z. Phys., 141, 335-345, 1955. 43-44, 1959.

961 Herlet. A., Patalong, H., 973 Mueller, C. and Hillibrand, J., Die Sperrfähigkeit von legierten Si-Fiächen• The "thyristor" a new high-speed switching gleichrichtern. transistor. Z. Naturforsch., 10a, 584-585, 1955. IRE Trans. electron. devices, EO 5. 2-12, Jan., 1958.

962 Herlet, A., Spenke, E., 974 Bisson, D. K., Dyer, R. F., Gleichrichter mit p-i-n bzw p-s-n Struktur unter A silicon controlled rectifier. I. Characteristics and Gleichstrombelastung. ratings. Z. angew. Phys., 7, 99-107,149-163,195-212,1955. Trans. A lEE I, 78. 102-6, 1959.

1956 975 Carl. H., Rath, H. L., Beitrag zum Problem der Grenzdaten von 963 Molt J. L., Tanenbaum, M., Goldey, J. M., Halbleiterelementen. Holonyak, N., ETZ-A, 80, H. 15. 502-506, 1959. P-N-P-N transistor switches. Proc.IRE, 44,1174-1182,1956. 976 Frei, A. H., Strutt, M. J. 0., Analog computer measurements on saturation currents, admittances and transfer efficiencies of 1957 semiconductor junction diodes and transistors. 964 Jonscher, A. K., Proc. IRE. 47, 1245-1252, H. 7, 1959. PNPN Switching diodes. J. Electronics and Control, 3, 573, 1957. 977 Kawana, Y., Misawa, T., A silicon p-n-p-n power triode. 1958 J. Electranies and Controt 6, 324-332, 1959.

965 Aldrich, R. W., Holonyak, N., 978 Lesk, I. A., Multiterminal p-n-p-n switches. Germanium p-n-p-n switches. Proc. IRE, 46, 1236-1239, 1958. I RE Trans. Electron. Devices, 6, 28-35, 1959.

966 Frenzel, R. P.• Gutzwiller, F. W., 979 Lowry, H. R., Solid-state thyratron switches kilowatts. lndustrial applications of SCR's. Electronics, 31, (13), 52-55, 1958. Proc. lEE, 1 06B. Suppl. 15, 1295, 1959.

967 Hoerni, J. A., Noyce, R. N., 980 Misawa. T., PNIN switches. Turn-on transient of PNPN triode. IRE Wescon conv. rec., 2, Pt. 3. 172-5, 1958. J. Electronles & Control, 7, 523, 1959.

63 1960 995 Somos, 1., 981 Denda, S., Switching characteristics of silicon-power con­ Germanium p-n-p-n switches. trolled rectifiers, Turn-on action. Direct Current, 4, No. 8, 232-5, 1960. Commun. Electronics, July, 1961, 320-326, 1961. (Published by the AIEE). 982 Grave, H. F., Eigenschaften und Anwendungen von Halbeilter­ 1962 dioden. 996 Borgström, G., ETZ-A, 81, 761 -767, 1960. The power thyristor. Asea J., 35 (5/6), 67-70, 1962. 983 Klein, M., A tour-terminal p-n-p-n switching device. 997 Dyer, R. F., Houghton, G. K., IRE Trans. Electron Devices (USA), EO 17, No. 4, Turn-off time characterisation of silicon-controlled 214-17, Oct., 1960. rectifiers. Direct Current, 7, (6), 158-165, 1962. 984 Sadler, A. J., Turner, P. A., The silicon controlled rectifier. 998 Gerecke, E., lselin, C., Control, 1 01 -1 03, 1 08-11 0, 1960. Berechnung des transienten thermischen Ver­ haltens von Siliziumleistungsdioden. Neue Technik, 4, 97-110 (No. 3), 1962. 1961 999 Gerlach, W., Seid, F., 985 Blundell, A. E., Garside, A. E., Hibberd, R. G., Wirkungsweise der steuerbaren Siliziumzellen, Williams, 1., ETZ-A, 83, 270-277, H. 8, 1962. Silicon power rectifiers. Proc. I EE, 108, Pt. A, 273-288, Aug., 1961. 1000 Gutzwiller, F. W., Controlled avalanche: a new approach to pro­ 986 Chappey, M., tecting silicon rectifier diodes against voltage P-N-P-N diode. transients. Onde elect., 41, 99-113, Feb., 1961. Direct Current, 7, No. 12, 335-8, 1962.

987 Gerecke, E., 1001 Jackets, A. E., Jon es, D. D., Wilson, K., Dynamisches Verhalten von Halbleitern. The silicon controlled rectifier and its application Neue Technik, 3, 719-741, H. 11,1961. GEC J., 29, 27-31, 1962. 1002 Jarratt, T. J., 988 Gerlach, W., Firing requirements for silicon controlled rec­ Steuerbare Siliziumzellen. tifiers. AEG Mitt., 51, 348-353, H. 11/12, 1961. Mullard techn. Commun., 6, 26-31, 1962. 989 Goldey, J. M., Mackintosh, I. M., Ross, I. M., 1 003 Rollig, K., Turn-off gain in p-n-p-n triades. Circuit problems in high power silicon controlled Solid-state electronics, 3, 119-122, 1961. rectifiers. VDE Fachber., 22. 1/-23- 1/28, 1962. 990 Jonscher, A. K., Notes of the theory of four-layer semiconductor 1 004 Stumpe, A. C., switches. Das Schaltverhalten der steuerbaren Siliziumzelle. Solid-state electronics, 3, 143, 1961. ETZ-A, 83, H. 9, 291-298, 1962. 991 Keiler, H., Wieczorek, G., 1 005 Stumpe, A. C., Die Silizium-Vierschicht-Diode und ihre Anwen­ Kennlinien der steuerbaren Siliziumzellen. dung als elektronischer Schalter. ETZ-A, 83, (H. 4), 81-87, 1962. Frequenz, 15. 33-39, 1961. 1006 Swoboda, R., 992 Memelink, 0. W., Steuerbare Siliziumzellen und ihre Anwendung. The characteristics and functioning of solid-state ETZ- B, 14, 369-374, 1962. thyratrons. T. Ned. Radiogenootschap, 26, 119-126, 1961. 1963 1007 Crees, D. E., Hogarth, C. A., 993 Sassier, M., Current gain in p-n-p-n silicon controlled rec­ PN PN structures and solid silicon thyratrons. tifiers. Onde elect. 41, 239-46, March, 1961. J. Electranies and Control No. 5, 481-499, 1963.

994 Somos, 1., 1 008 Fulop, W., Commutation and destructive asciilation in diode Three-terminal measurements of current amplifi­ circuits. cation-factor of controlled rectifiers. Commun. & Electronics, May, 1961, 162-171, 1961. IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, ED-10, 120,196 3

64 1 009 Gerecke, E., Wallertshauser, 1022 Davies, R. L., Gentry, F. E., Experimentalle Untersuchungen der Trägheits• Control of electric field at the surface of p-n erscheinungen bei Siliizum-Leistungs- Dioden, junctions. Neue Technik, 5, H. a. 415-42a, 1963. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-11, 313, 1964.

1010 Kitamura, K., Kondo, A., Tuanshima, T., lchihara. E., 1 023 Gentry, F. E., Switch current failure in silicon power rectifier­ Turn-on criterion for PN PN devices. diode. IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices, E D-11, 74, 1964. Bull. Electrotech. Lab (Japan). 27, No. 5, 23-29, 1963. 1024 Gibbons, J. F., A critique on the theory of p-n-p-n devices. 1011 Kuzmin, V. A., Mochalkina, 0. R., IEEE Trans. on Electron. Devices, ED-11, No. 9, A method of decreasing switch-off time in 406, 1964. p-n-p-n semiconductor devices. Radiotekhnika i elektronika (USSR) 8, No. 7, 1025 Ginsbach, K. H., Swoboda, R.. 1279, 1963. Eigenschaften und Anwendungen der Thyris­ toren. 1012 Kuzmin, V. A .. ETZ-8, 16, (H. 23), 673, 1964. Theory of voltage-current characteristics of pnpn s~miconductors devices. 1026 Gorokhov, V. A., Radiotekhnika i elektronika (USSR) 8, No. 2, Current equations for a four-layer structure. 351' 1963. Radio Engineering and Electron ie Physics, No. 11, 1712, 1964. 1013 Meiinga i lis, J., Longini, R. L., Gated turn-on of tour layer switch. 1027 Grybnykov, Z. S., Tkhoryk, Y. A., IEEE Trans. on Electron. Devices, ED-10, 17a. 1963. Transient processas of accumulation and dis­ persal of non-equilibrium carriers in semi­ 1014 Muss, D. R., Goldberg, C., conductordiodes. 11. High injection levels. Switching mechanism in the NPNP silicon­ Ukrayin. Fiz. Zh. (USSR), 9, Do. a. 851-61, 1964. controlled rectifier. IEEE Trans. on Electron. Devices, ED-10, 113, 1963. 1028 Hempel, H. P., Der "Silring", eine neuartige Form des Silizium­ 1 015 Nakagawa, T .. gleichrichters. Forward characteristics of silicon-controlled Bull. SEV, 55, 1178, 1964. rectifiers in the high conduction region. Elect. Engng. Japan, 83, No. 10. 51 -7, 1963. 1 029 Herlet, A., Bemessung von Siliziumstromtoren für ver­ 1016 Ono, T., Kan, T., schiedenartige Anwendungsgebiete. Avalanche breakdown and the shape of the p-n Siemens Zeitschrift, 38, a43-a51, 1964. junction surface. Elect. Engng. Japan, 83, No. 8, 20, 1963. 1030 Hogarth, C. A., Raderecht, P. S., Design of a silicon controlled rectifier carrying 1017 Storm, H. F., two base contacts. Turn-off silicon controlled rectifiers. J. Electranies & Control. XVII, 131, 1964. Electro-technology (USA), 72, 62-67, Oct., 1963. 1031 Jackson, J. S., Puckett, R. E., 1 01a Sucker, K., The silicon controlled rectifier. Protecting si-rectifiers trom transient overloads. lnternat. J. Elect. Engng. Educ., 2, No. 1, 83-39, Electro-technology (USA), 72, 105-107, 1963. 1964. 1032 Kuz'min, V. A, 1964 The turn-off time of p-n-p-n devices. Radio Engineering and Electrooie Physics, No. 1019 Amano, H., Koshiba, 0., a. 1161, 1964. Transient voltage across series-connected silicon rectifier cell, immediately after commutation. 1033 Mulica. A. R., Elect. Engng. Japan, 84, 13-21, Oct., 1964. Silicon controlled rectifiers in series and parallel. 1020 Avak'yants, G. M., Control Engineering, 11. No. 5, 95, 1964. On the properties of p-n junctions at very high currents. 1 034 Pippen, D. L., Radio Engineering and Electron ie Physics, No. 1 0, The gate turn-off controlled rectifier. 1580, 1964. Electranies world, 72, No. 2, 46, 1964.

1021 Bösterling, W., Fröhlich, M., 1035 Pope, K. D., Mammano, R. A., Die dynamischen Eigenschaften von Thyristoren. Testing four-layer switching devices. AEG Mitt., 54, H. 5/6, 459-463, 1964. Electro-technology (USA), 74, No. 6, 99-101, 1964.

65 1036 Raderecht P. S., Hogarth, C.A., 1050 Gentry, F. E., Scace, R. 1., Flowers, J. K., The temperature variatien of the parameters of Bidirectional triode P-N-P-N switches. silicon controlled rectifiers. Proc. IEEE, 52, 355-369, April. 1965. J. Electranies and Controt XVII. 145, 1964. 1051 Gerlach, W., Stumpe, A. C., 1037 Sinclair, W. D., Das Schaltverhalten von Thyristoren. Thyristors and their application I. The device and Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische its characteristics. Antriebe. Elect. Times, 146, No. 9, 289-92, Aug., 1964. Tagung VDE/VDI, 32-57, Aachen, Sept., 1965. 1038 Southworth, M. P., 1 052 G insbach, K. H ., Bidirectional static switch simplifies A.C. controL Die steuerbare Siliziumzelle. Control Engng., 11, No. 3, 75, 1964. E. und M., 82, H. 8, 369, 1965. 1 039 Tobisch, G. J ., 1053 Gutzwiller, F. W., Parallel eperation of silicon rectifier diodes. Thyristor semiconductor components today. Mullard Tech. Commun. (G.B.) 8, 78-88, Oct., 1964. IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndust. Static Power Conversion, Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 112-119, 1965. 1040 Zastrow, E. E. V on, Galloway, J. H., IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA-1, (No. 6), Commutation behaviour of diffused high current 403-409, 1965. rectifier diodes. IEEE lnternat. Conv. Rec. Pt. 4, 106-118, 1964. 1054 Herlet, A., Hoffman, A., Flächengrosse und Strombelastbarkeit von Thyristoren. 1965 Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, H. 3, 180-184, 1965. 1041 Beneking, H., Zum Schaltverhalten von Dioden. 1 055 He riet, A., Nachrichtentechnik, 15, 333-336, H. 9, 1965. Prinzipielle Gesichtspunkte für die Bemessung von Thyristoren. 1042 Berg man, G. D., Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische An­ The gate-triggered turn-on process in thyristors. triebe. Solid-state electronics, 8, 757-765, 1965. Tagung VDE/VDI, 99-111, Aachen, Sept., 1965. 1043 Berg man, G. D., Knott, R. D., 1 056 Herlet, A., Some design aspects of silicon five-layer The maximum blocking capability of silicon symmetrical switches. thyristor. Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 26-36, 1965. Solid-state electronics, 8, 655-671, 1965. 1044 Biet, J. B., 1 057 Hoffmann, A., Spenke, E., A new salution to the problem of the electronic Switching processes in alloyed p-i-n rectifiers. switch; the symistor. Solid-state electronics, 8, 693-697, 1965. Onde Elect., 45, 375-80, March, 1965. 1058 Hoffmann, M., Nitsche, H., Ulbrich, W., 1045 Chowdhuri, P., Ein Bausteinsystem mit Thyristoren. Breakdown of p-n junctions by transient voltages. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, 184-189, H. 3, 1965. Direct Current, 10, 131-139, August, 1965. 1059 llli, M., Arendt, A., 1046 Corbyn, D. B., Zur Untersuchung des Schaltverhaltens von Voltage surge control in thyristor equipment. Halbleiterdioden an Analogmodellen. Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 89-101, 1.965. Arch. Elekt. Uebertragung, 517, H. 10, 1965. 1047 Dyer, R. F., 1060 Knott, R. D., Wad ham, E., Foster, A., The rating and application of SCR's designed The influence of the surface on the high voltage for power switching at high frequencies. performance of thyristors and techniques to IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndustr. staticpower conversion, eliminate surface effects. Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 158-171, 1965. Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 56-65, 1965. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA-2, 5-15, 1965. 1061 Köhl, G., 1048 Dyer, R. F., Schaltverhalten und Spannungsfestigkeit von Concurrent characterization of SCR switching Thyristoren. parameters for inverter applications. Scientia Electrica, XI. 22-32, 1965. Semiconductor Prod. Solid State Techno!. (USA), 8, No. 4, 15-20, April, 1965. 1062 Köhl, G ., Wirkungsweise und Grundlagen der steuerbaren 1049 Garret, J. M., Hunter, D. J., Miles, C. V., Halbleiterelementen. The design and electrical characteristics of power Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische An­ thyristors. triebe. Proc. lEE Conf.10-11 Nov., 7-16,1965. Jagung VDE/VDI, 13-31, Aache, Sept., 1965.

66 1063 Kuz'min, V. A., Mocalhina, 0. R., 1075 Sehovcev, N.A., Prohovov, E. 0., Pysnyj, M.M., Current dependenee of the amplification factors Analyses of electronic processes in p-n-p-n of p-n-p-n devices. transistors. Radiotekhnika, 8, Nr. 2, 165-170, 1965. Radiotehnika i elektronika, 10, No. 7, 1252-1259, 1965. 1064 Langridge, A., Hunter, 0. J .. The mechanica! and thermal properties of power 1076 Serdjuk, Ju. V., Trohimenko, Ja. K., thyristors. Silicon p-n-p-n type controlled rectifiers. Proc. lEE Conf., 10-11 N v., 66-72,1965. Radiotehnika i elektronika 8, Nr. 2, 151-164, 1965.

1065 McColl, J. 0., Whitaker, P., 1077 Sitnik, N. Kh., Service experience with thyristors. Power thyristors and some questions concerning Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 102-110, 1965. their usa in electrical energy transformers. Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 37-46, 1965. 1066 Mlynar, P., Seriesing of semiconductor devices for high 1078 Somos, 1., Piccone, 0. E., voltage. Behaviour of power semiconductor devices IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndust. Static Power Conversion, under transient conditions in power circuits. Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 87-94, 1965. IEEE Conf. Rec. (lndust. static power conversion, Philadelphia, 1-3 Nov.), 149-157, 1965. 1 067 Purtzkhvanidze, A., Stafeyev, V. 1., Current control of a few layer structure by base 1079 Spenke, E., region field. Die Grenze der Strombelastbarkeit van Thyris­ Radio Engineering and Electrooie Physics, No. 4, toren. 594, 1965 (April). Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische An­ triebe. 1068 Read, J. C., Tagung VDE/VDI, 77-86, Aachen, Sept., 1965. The high-power thyristor comes of age. Direct Current. 10, 128-130, Aug .. 1965. 1 080 Spenke, E., Versuchungsausführung eines Thyristors für 1069 Reiche, W.G., 700A. Theory of thyristors. Siemens Zeitschrift, 39, H. 4, 253, 1965. BBC Nachr. 47, No. 2, 63-71, Feb., 1965.

1070 Rum berg, J., 1081 Spkinas, E. L., Ueber die dynamische Eigenschaften von Thyris­ Antiparallel conneetion of controlled semi­ toren. conductor diodes. ETZ-A, 86, H. 8, 226-230, 1965. Elektromehanika, 8, Nr. 5, 559-567, 1965.

1 071 Ryabinkin, Y., 1082 Storm, H. F., Watson, D. L., · A physical theory of silicon p-n-p-n structures Silicon gate-controlled a.c. switch and its in the cut-off mode of operation. applications. Radio Engineering and Electrooie Physics, No. 12, IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 36, March, 1965. 1881 -1886, 1965. 1083 Svensson, R., 1072 Sadler, A. J., Some aspects of the design of high power Control of thyristor characteristics-Gold dit­ thyristors. fusion techniques. Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 1-6, 1965. Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 47-55, 1965. 1 084 Stevens, S. A., 1 073 Samberger, K., The determination of permissible fault current Berechnung van Trägerspeichereffekt-Beschal• rating and intermirtent duty cycle ratings for tungen für Silizium-Gieichrichter und Thyris­ semiconductor devices. toren. Proc. IEEE Conf.10-11 Nov., 77-81,1965. ETZ-A, 86. 781-786, H. 24, 1965. 1085 Th iele, G., 1 074 Schuster, K., Spenke, E., Stossbelastbarkeit von Thyristoren. The voltage step at the switching of alloyed Energie-elektronik und geregelte elektrische An­ p-i-n rectifiers. triebe. Solid-state electronics, 8, 881, No. 11, 1965. Tagung VDE/VDI, 58-76, Aachen, Sept., 1965.

67 1086 Tricker, A. J., 1966 Some less obvious characteristics encountered 1092 Bösterling, W., Honnef, H., in the use of thyristors. Freilaufdiode zum Schutz von Halbleitergleich­ Proc. lEE Conf. 10-11 Nov., 73-76, 1965. richtern oder Schaltkontakten gegen Ueberspan­ nungen. 1087 Wadham, E., Knott, R. D., ETZ-A, 87, 144-148, H. 4, 1966. Some designaspectsof high-speed high-current 1093 Dodson, W. H., thyristors. Probe determination of turn-on spread of large Proc. lEE Conf., 10-11 Nov., 17-25,1965. area thyristors. IEEE Trans. on Electron Devices, ED-13, 478-484, 1966. 1088 Weaver, J. J. L., Achieving reliability with thyristors. 1094 Dodson, W. H., Longini, R. L., Proc. lEE Conf., 10-11 Nov., 82-88, 1965. Skip turn-on of thyristors. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-13, (7), 598-604, 1966. 1089 Wunderlin, W., Strutt, M. J. 0., Reverse recovery and rectification efficiency of a 1095 Kaganov, I. L., Malohov, E. S., p-n junction diode simulated by an analogue Standard relay and switching elements with model. gate- turn off thyristors. Electronles Letters, 1 , 232, No. 8. 1965. Elektricestvo, No. 1, 28-33, 1966. 1 097 Shono, K., Gate controlled Si PIN -structure. 1090 Yefremov, I. S., Jap. J. Appl. phys., 5 (5), 414-418, May, 1966. The "thermal resistance" of silicon power valves. 1098 Shohno, K., Electric Technology USSR, L p. 98, 1965. Negative resistance phenomena in the forward direction of Si p-in diodes. Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 5 (5), 358-361, 1966. 1091 Zastrow, E. E. von, Galloway, J. H., Commutation behaviour of diffused high-current 1099 Wolley, E.D., rectifier diodes. Gate turn-off in p-n-p-n devices. IEEE Trans. lndustr. Gen. Applic. IGA-1, (2), IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED.13, (7). 590-597, 137-166, 1965. 1966.

68

6.5 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF AUTHORS

A Basu, P. R., (754) Bates, J. J., (99) Abraham, L., Förster, J., Schliephake, G, (67) Bates, J. J., Sridhar, T. V., (1 00) Abraham, L., Förster, J., Schliephake, G., (97) Baudisch, K., Siemens, A., (286) Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppelmann, F., (872) Baudisch, K., Leukert, W., (215) Abraham, L., Förster, J., Schliephake, G., (68) Baudisch, K., Leukert, W., (238) Abraham, L., Koppelmann, F., (685) Bauerlein, G., (636) Abraham, L., Koppelmann, F., (69) Bayoumi, M., (687) Abraham, L., Patzschke, U., (760) Bayha, H., (777) Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppelmann, F., Beasley, J., White, G., (917) Patschke, U., (55) Becker, H., (392) Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppelmann, F., (657) Becker, H., (393) Abraham, L., Heumann, K., Koppelmann, F., (508) Bedford, B. D., Elder, F. R., Willis, C. H., (239) Abraham, L., Koppelmann, F., (98) Bedford, B. D., Elder, F. R., Willis, C. H., Abram, L., McBreen, J. P., Sherlock, J., (837) Burnett, J. H., (216) Al EE Electronic Power Converters Committee Beiler, A. H., (598) (Chairman C. C. Herskind) (356) Beiler, A. H., (601) Aldrich, R. W., Holonyak, N. J., (971) Benedikt, 0., Vitalyos, L., (838) Aldrich, R. W., Holonyak, N., (965) Beneking, H., (1 041) (734) Alexanderson, E. F. W., Willis, Ch., Edwards, M. Ben Uri, J., Wallach, Y., Eliath, E.. (746) Alexanderson, E. F. W., Mittag, A. H., (595) Ben Uri, J., (27) Alger, P. L., Ku, Y. U., (742) Ben Uri, J., Schieber, D., Wallach, Y., (894) Allison, J., Vergez, P., (629) Berger, Th., (658) (1 019) Amano, H•. Koshiba, 0., Bergmann, G. D., (1 042) Amato, C. J., (567) Bergmann, G. D., Knott. R. D., (1 043) Amato, C. J., (566) Berman, B., (57) Amato, C. J., Siegler, L., (509) Bernardini, L., (873) (686) Amato, C. J., Bernshtein, I. Ya., (51 0) (474) Annies, B., Bertele, H. von, (369) Anschütz, H., Stöhr, M., (783} Bertele, H. von, Wasserab, Th., (326) Anschütz, H., (325) Bertini, S., (448) Anschütz, H .. Stöhr, M., (784) Beyer, H., (619) Anschütz, H., (337} Shagwat P. G., Wolfendale, E., (659) Anschütz, H., (687) Biet, J. B., (1 044) Anschütz, H., (793) Bingley, P., (811) Aranchii, G. V., Zhemerov, G. G., Epshtein, I. 1., (688) Bird, B. M., Harlen, R. M .• (995) Artamonov, V. V., (618) Bissom, D. K., Dyer, R. F., (974) Arutynyan, M. R., Kossov, 0. A., (916) Bjaresten, N. A., (449) Asta, A., (352) Black. K. G., (895) Avak'yants, G. M., (1 020) Blaich, E., (188) Aymanns, K., (255) Bland, R. J., Hancock, N. N., Whitehead, R. W., (755) Blatter, H., (826) B Blaufuss, K., (791) de Blieux, E. V., (256) Ba bat, G. 1., (212) Blundell, A. E., Garside, A. E., Hibberd, R. G., Babat, G., (213) Williams, 1., (985) Babat. G., (236) Boehringer, A., (690) Bachkarev, V. N., Grinshtein, V. 1., Shevtsov, V.M. (511) Boguschevich, A. V., (450) Badr, H., (414) Boom, H. W. v. d., Kohlhuber, E., (512) Badr, H., (859) Borgström, G., (996) Bailey, F. M., Konrad, C. E., (893) Borisov, K. N., (834) Baker, A. N., Goldey, J. M., Ross, I. M., (972) Borst, D. W., Diebold, E. J., Parrish, F. W., (918) Bakharevskii, V. P.. Utevskii, A. M., (385) Bosch, M., Kasperowski, (217) Balkow, J., (42) Bose, B. K., (43) Bandyopadhyay, A. K., (56) Bösterling, W., Fröhlich, M., (1 021) Bange!, H. J., Colmsee, J., Michel, M., (766) Bösterling, W., Honnef, H., (1 092) Barbey, J., (415) Bowler, P., (691) Barton, T. H., Birtch, R. S., (568} Bowler, P., (692) Barz, F., (214} Bowlus, 0. E.• Nims, P. T., (347) Barz, F., (237) Boyer, J. L Hagensick, C. G., (342)

76 Bradley, D. A., Clarke, C. D., Davis, R. M., Coulon, J., Meric, J., Serayssol, M., (860) Jones, D. A., (660) Coulon, J., Fournet, J. P., (885) Brahm, C. B., (451) Cowie, E. G., Gregson. J. H., (612) Brailsford, H. D., (661) Crees, D. E., Hogarth, C. A .• (1 007) Brandqvist, L., (452) Cubanov, M. N., (824) Brandqvist, C., (457) Curchod, A., ( 1) Brandqvist, L., (476) Curie, C., (847) Brisby, K., Dybvig, A., (1 01) Cushman, R., (72) Brisby, K., Friman, C. J., (873) Czajkowski, A., (920) Brown, H. D., (136) Brown, M., Harvey, W. T., (693) 0 Brückmüller, K., (846) Dällenbach, W., (394) Brückner, P., (348) Dällenbach, W., Gerecke, E.• (119) Brückner, P., (287) Dällenbach, W., (389) Brückner, P., (301) Dällenbach, W., Gerecke, E., (113) Brugger, F., (641) Dällenbach, W., (137) Brunner, G., (189) Dahlgren, F.• (37) Brunner, G., (190) Davies, R. L., Gentry, F. E., (1022) Brushless d.c. motor (637) Davis, R. M., Barwell, F. T., (696) Budek, J. A., Marchant, A. H., (569} Demontvignier, M., (114) Bulgakov, A. A., (809) Demontvignier, M., (372) Bulla, W., (288) Demontvignier, M., (373) Bulla, W., (271) Demontvignier, M., (240) Burisch, N., (302) Denda, S., (981) Burkov, A. T., (896} Denzel, P., (218) Busemann, F., (361) Depenbrock, M., (478) Busemann, F., (362) Depenbrock, M .• (431} Busemann, F., (370) Depenbrock, M., (515) Busemann, F., (371) Depenbrock, M., (432) Busemann, F., (363) Devoy, J. R., (804) Bystron, K., (694) Deutschmann, P., (778) Bystron, K., Meyer, M., (642) Dick, G. W., Beringer, P. P., Slemon, G. R., (614) Bystron, K., (570) Diesel-electric drive without cammutators (697) Bystron, K., Meissen, W., (513) Dina, A., (3) Bystron, K., (477) Distler, R., (516) Dixon, F. F., Tiley, G. L., (26) c Dodson, W. H., (1 093) Dodson, W. H., Longini, R. L., (1 094) Calosi, C., (803) Dolaberidze, G. P., (698) Campling, C. H.R., 8ennet, J. A., O'Hara, D. H. 0., (930) Dornheim, H., (840) Cappelletto, E., (662) Dorward, L. F., (874) Card, W. H., (623} Doser, P., (699) Card, W. H., (620) Douma, T., (353) Carl, H., Rath, H. L., (975) Douma, T., (354) Cataliotti, V., Mamola, G., (453) Duckett, E. J., (433) Chabry, C., Henry, X .• Lheureux, R., Willems, M., (839) Dudarev, L. E., Savchenko, V. M., (517) Chappey, M., (986) Düll, E. H., Golde, E., (479) Charnely, H .• (626) Düll, E. H., (663) Chernikov, G. 8., (514) Düll, E. H., (723) Chernyavskii, F. 1., (738) Duff, D. L., Ludbrook, A., (921) Chervonenekis, Y. M., (349) Dunaevskii, S. Ya., Yakobson. N. B., (751) Chilikin, M. G., Sokolov, M. M., Klyuvhev, V. 1., (829) Dunaiski, R. M., (861) Chilikin, M. G., Arakelyan, A. K., Afanas'ev, A. A., (695) Durand, S. R., (345) Chirgwin, K. M., (621) Dyer, R. F., (1048) Choudhury, R. L., (919) Dyer, R. F., (1 047) Chowdhuri, P., (1 045} Dyer, R. F., Houghton, G. K., (997) Christofides, N., (70) Cieszow, G., Kulka, S., (767) E Cigánek, L.. (71) Ebers, J. J., (956) Corbyn, D. 8., (1 046} Eek, R. A. van, (455) Coppadoro, F., Lanzavecchia, L., (454) Edwards, D. V., Smith, E. K., (343) Costandoni, C., (743) Eggenberger, H, P., (390) Cottingham. J. G., Grossmann, A. S., Feltman, Ehrensperger, C., (341) A.v .• (756) Ehrensperger, C., (776)

77 Ehrensperger, C. H., (138) Gathmann, H., (664) Ehrensperger, C. H., ( 191) Gavrilovic, A., (102) An electronic turntable drive (617) Gebovs, V. A .. (483) Eliasberg, G. B., (867) Geissing, H., Mölltgen, G., (923) v. Engel, A., Klemperer, H., (192) Geisîng, H., Mölltgen, G., (418) Engel, A., Klemperer, H., (219) Gentry, F. E., Scace, R. 1., Flowers, J. K., (1 050) Engel, A. v., (942) Gentry, F. E., (1 023) Erlach, J., (316) Gerecke, E., Badr, H., (877) Erlicki, M. S., (768) Gerecke, E., lselin, C., (998) Erlicki, M. S., Appelbaum, J., (73) Gerecke, E., (987) Erlicki, M. S., Ben Uri, J., Wallach, Y., (757) Gerecke, E., Wallertshauser, (1 009) Errico, G. L.. (456) Gerecke, E., Meyer, U., (419) Ettinger, E. L., (643) Gerecke, E., Terens, U., (748) Evans, R. D., Muller, H. N., (289) Gerecke, E., (125) Gerecke, E., (75) F Gerlach, W., (988) Gerecke, E., (1 03) Fässler, E., (303) Gerecke, E., (24) Fässler, E., (344) Gerlach, W., Stumpe, A. C., (1 051) Fässler, E., (304) Gerlach, W., Seid, F., (999) Fässler, E., (273) German, F., Swoboda, R., (435) Fässler, E., (272) Gibbons, J. F., (1 024) Farmer, W. J. R., Spreadbury, R. J., (518) Gierth, J., (701) Faust, W., (480) Gierth, J., (76) Fehrle, K., (615) Gilliam, T. J., (436) Feinberg, R., (257) Gillon, G., (244) Feinberg, R., Chen, W. Y., (481) Ginsbach, K. H., Svoboda, R., (1 025) Feinberg, R., Chen, W. Y., (482) Ginsbach, K. H., (1052) Feinberg, R., (290) Giot, C., (849) Feinberg, R., (243) Giroz, H., (305) Feinberg, R., (220) Glaser, A., (130) Feinberg, R., (167) Glazenko, T. A., Gai'Berton, G. A., (868) Feinberg, R., (327) Gleixner, H., Gorman, H. W., Rosenberry, G. M., (924) Feinberg, R., (588) Glimski, H., (484) Feinberg, R., (139) Glinternik, S. R., (519) Feinberg, R., (140) Godden, A. K., (44) Feinberg, R., (166) Golde, E., (761) Fetscher, W., (74) Goldey, J. M., Mackintosh, I. M., Ross, I. M., (989) Flairty, C. W., (416) Goldstein, A., (318) Flairty, C. W., (434} Gorokhov, V. A., (1 026) Foldi, 1., Bühler, H., (841) Govinda, C. V., Mathur, R. M., (45) Foote, L. R., (848) Gras!, H .• (357) Forbes-Simrock, J., (922) Grave, H. F., (982} Forster, E. W., (799} Grevo, A., (193) Förster, J., (875} Gregg, P.J., (925) Foulds, J. G., (32) Grekhov, I. V., (77) Fouquet, W., (258) Griffith, D. C., Ulmer, R. M .. (630) Frege, C., (317) Griffith, D. C., Ulmer, R. M., (420) Frei, A. H., Strutt, M. J. 0., (976) Grün, A., (817) Frenzel, R. P., Gutzwiller, F. W., (966) Grün, A., (812) Freris, L. L., (571) Grybnykov, Z. S., Tkhoryk, Y. A., (1 027) Freris, L. L., (457) Gurwicz, D., (897) Freris, L. L .. (417) Gutenbaum, J., (869) Friebe, H., (876) Gutenbaum, J., (870) Friebe, H., (38) Gutzwiller, F. W., (1 000) Fritzsch, W., (862) Gutzwiller, F. W., (1053) Frohme, H. L., (792) Fulop, W., (1008) H Haar, G., (863) G Hafner, H., (143) Garman, G. W., (785} Hafner, H., (141) Garman, G. W., (787) Hameister, G., (168) Garret, J. M., Hunter, D. J., Miles, C. V., (1 049) Hamilton, R. A., Lezan, G. R., (702) Gathmann, H., (700) Hancock, M., Prigmore, B. J, (58)

78 Ha nnakam, L., (33) Howells, J. D., (382) Hanrahan, D. J., (458) Huil, A.W., (246) Harnden, J. D .• (970) Huil, A.W., (128) Hartel, W., (291) Hulstrand, K. A., (490) Hartmann, 0., (878) Humphrey, A. J., (703) Hauffe, F., (221) Hausen, G., Biringer, P. P., Slemon, G. R., (864) Heek, R., Meyer, M., (644) lkari, (61) Heinrich, T. M., (486) llli, M., Arendt, A., (1 059) Heintze, K., Wagner, R., (947) lshaki, T., lshikawa, S., (886) Heintze, K., Martin, F., (946) lshikawa, H., (930) Heintze, K., Wagner, R., (927) lssendorf, J. van (222) Helmick, C. G., MacDonald, I. M., (631) lssendorf, J. von (247) Helmick, C. G., Lipman, K.. (487) lssendorf, J. van, Harte!, W., (381) Hempel, H. P., (1 028) lvachuk, B. N., Lipman, R. A., et al (931) Henderson, F. E., (144) lvakhnenko, A. G ., (808) Hengsberger, J., Wiegand, A., (520) lvanov-Smolenskyi, A. V., (47) Hengsberger, J., (485) Hengsberger, J., Putz, U., Vetters, L, (898) J Henkels, H. W., Camp, H. R., Fortier, J. R., Skilling, W. J., Smith, R. E., (616) Jackets, A. E., Jones, D. 0., Wilson, K., (1 001) Herlet. A., (960) Jackson, J. S., Puckett, R. E., ( 1 031) Herlet. A.. ( 1 029) Jacobs, P. C., (104) Herlet, A., Hoffmann, A., (1 054) Jaeschke, H. E., (757) Herlet, A., Spenke, E., (962) Janonis, V. F., (724) Herlet, A., (1 056) Jarratt, T. J ., (1 002) Herlet, A., (1 055) Jötten, R., (865) Herlet. A., Patalong, H .• (961) Jötten, R., (866) Herskind, C. C., (194} Jötten, R., (29) Herskind, C. C., (259} Jötten, R., (850) Hertwig, H., (374) Jötten, R., (851) Hess, H., (16) Jötten, R., (375) Heumann. K., Jordan, K. G., (60} Jones, D. D., (401) Heumann, K., (899) Jones, D. D., (400) Heumann, K., Jordan, K. G., (665) Jones, J. 1., (432) Hierholzer, F. J., (399} Jones, R. B., Olds, A. R., (879) Higham, J., Wolfenden, J. P., (274) Jonscher, A. K., (990) Hiller, J., (46) Jonscher, A. K., (964) Hingorani, N. G., (522) Jordan, H. E., (79) Hingorani, N. G., Hall, J. K., (521) Jovy, R. K., (275) Ho, H.H., (666) Jungmichl, H., (131) Ho, H.H., (645) Jungmichl, H., Steckmann, E., (260) Hocket 1., (926) Jungmichl, H., (261) Hödle, H., Stemmler, H., (78) Jungmichl, H., Schiele, 0., (262) Hölters, F., Mikulaschek, F., (395) Hölters, F., (611) K Hölters, F., (421) Hölters, F., (404) Kafka, W., Doell, W., (835) Hölters, F., (405) Kaganov, I. L., Kalnibolotskij, (523) Hölters, F., (818) Kaganov, I. L., Malchov, E. S., (1 095) Hölters, F., (610) Kandil, EI-Sadek, A., (375) Hoerni, J. A., Noyce, R. N., (967) Kanngiesser, K. W., (667) Hoffmann, A., Zabel, R.. (928) Kanngiesser, K. W., (406) Hoffmann, A., Spenke, E., (1 057) Kanter, I. 1., (364) Hoffmann, J., Marchal, G., (245) Karpov, A. G., (459) Hoffmann, M., (488) Kasperowski, 0., (170) Hoffmann, M., Nitsche, H., Ulbrich, W., (1 058) Kasyanov, V. T., (20) Hogarth, C. A., Raderecht, P. S., (1 030) Katsnel'son, S. M., Lyublin, I. Sh., Tret"yak, T. P., (524) Holmes, P. G., (929) Kawai, T., (422) Hongo, T., (489) Kawana, Y., Misawa, T., (977) Hooper, C. K., McAdie, C. H., (358) Kearns, R. J., Rolfe, J. J., (423) Horan, N. A. W., (752) Keiler, G., (11 0) Howell, E.. (949) Keiler, H., (195) Howell, E. K., (948) Keiler, H., Wieczorek, G., (991)

79 Kelley, T. T., (950) Kübler. E., (263) Kern, E., (196) Kübler, E., (276) Kern, E., (602) Kübler, E., (622) Kern, E., (584) Kübler, E. F.• (852) Kern, E., (585) Kucera, J., (735) Kernick, A, Roof, J. L., Heinrich, T. M., (437) Kümmel, F .• (105) Kettner, K., Reinhardt, G., (223) Kümmel, F., (831) Kettner, K., (359) Kümmel, F., (769) Khamudkhanov, M. Z., Saifulaev, 1., (951) Kümmel, F., (529) Khamudhanov, M. Z., (525) Kümmel, F., Reichmann, H., (880) Khasaev, 0. 1., (632) Kuntner. H., (424) Khasayev, 0. 1., et al (704) Kuo, Teh-hsîn, (224) Kheireldin, A F., (646) Kurnosov, B. D., (935) King, K. G., (48) Kusko, A., Nelson, J. G., (827) King, K. G., (705) Kuz'min, V. A, Mocalhina, 0. R., (1 063) King, K. G., (526) Kuz'mîn, V. A, Mocalhîna, 0. R., (1011) King, K. G., (706) Kuz'min, V. A., (1012) King, P. B., (597) Kuz'min, V. A, (1 032) King, W. R., (775) Kingston, R. H., (957) l Kirichek, G. M., (34) Labahn, D .. (634) Kirkin, B. J., (49) Laithwaite, E. R.• (62) Kitamura, K., Kondo, A, Tuanshima, T., lchihara, Lakubovskii, V. I. A., (572) E., (1010) Lamb, C. St. J., (648) Klaudy, P., (338) Lamb, C. St. J., (725) Klein, M., (983) Lamb, C. St. J., (708) Klemperer, H., (145) Lamb, C. St. J., (669) Klemperer, H., Strobl, K., (171) Lamb, C. St. J., (668) Kloninger, J., (589) Lamb, C. St. J., (649) Klug, F., (365) Lamm, U., Lindahl, G., (264) Knapke, A, (887) Langridge, A, Hunter, D. J., (1 064) Knott, R. D., Wadham, E., Forster, A, (1 060) Lappe, R., (853) Kobel. 0., (169) Lappe, R., (902) Köhl, G., (1061) Larguier, R., (823) Köhl, G., (1 062) Lavi, A., Polge, R. J., (772) Kövessi, F., (248) Lavi, A., Roberts, R. W., (650) Kövessi, F., (596) Laub, H., (146) Kohlhuber, E., (491) Laub, H .• (172) Koppelmann, F., (396) Laub, H., (174) Koppelmann, F., (319) Laub, H., (173) Koppelmann, F., (328) Laurent, P. G., (225) Koppelmann, F., (329) Lawn, F., (386) Koppelmann, F., Michel, M., (900) Lawrenson, P. J., Stephenson, J. M., (106) Korb, F., Selbach, A., (707) Lax, B., Neustadter, S. F., (958) Korb, F., (933) Lebrecht, (774) Korb, F., (397) Lehmann, G., (709) Kossov, 0. A, Tsokanov, V. V., (647) Leigh, H. H., (800) Kostenko, M. P., Neiman, L. P., (346) Lemmrich, J., (770) Kouskoff, G .. (292) Lemmrich, J., (762) Kovacs, K. P ., (901) Lenz, P., (8) Kovacs, K. P., (740) Leonhard, A, (50) Kraitsberg, M. 1., (806) Leonhard, W., (842) Krause, P. C., Thomas, C. H., (80) Leonhard, A., (330) Krause, P. C., (81) Leonhard, W., (530) Kravchik, E. D., ( 17) Leonhard, W., (836) Krechetovich. N. N., (830) Leonhard, W., (832) Krijger, L. P.• (112) Leonhard, A., (1 0) Krijger. L. P., (111) Leonhard, A., (815) Krijger, L. P., (115) Lerstrup, K., (531) Kröhling, E., Muth, W. D., (934) Lesk, I. A., (978) Krogeris, A. F., (633) Letrilliart, P .. (21) Kron. G., (5) Leukert, W., Kübler, E., (249) Kruger, B., Hancock, D. J., (460) Leukert, W., (739) Krylov, S. S., (528) Leukert, W., (786)

80 Leukert, W., (175) Mercury-arc power converters in North America (350) Leukert, W., (779) Merritt, S. Y., (496) Leukert, W., (197) Meyer, K., (331) Leuthold, A., (226) Meyer, M., (542) Liao, T. W., Lee, T. H., (532) Meyer, M., (409) Lilienstein, M., (407) Meyer, M., Möltgen, G., Wesselak, F., (30) Lindena, S., (383) Meyer, M., (749) Lipatov, V. S., Kyleyzanin, V. P., (533) Meyer, M., (713) Lloyd, A. G., (425) Meyer, M., (543) Lodochnikov, E. A., (710) Meyer, M., (750) Löbl, 0., (147) Meyer-Delius, H., (586) Löbl, Laub, Stöhr, (148) Meyer-Delius, H., (151) Loocke, G., (63) Meyer-Delius, H., (198) Lowry, H. R., (979) Meyer-Delius, H., 177) Lowry, H. R., (28) Meyer-Delius, H., (152) Ludbrook, A., Murray, R. M., (534) Meyer-Delius, H., (176) Meyer-Delius, H., (153) M Micza, A., (199) Mabuchi, S., (377) Mikulaschek, F., (544) Macauley, I. M., Woods, W., Michael, J. S., Miles, J. G., (22) Wakeley, H., (763) Misawa, T., (980) Macdonald, I. M., (670) Mitchell. H. T., Pilling, T., (798) Machefert-Tassin, Y., (82) Mitsuda, R., Matuura, Z., Sato, 1., (200) Mackintosh, 1., (769) Miyairi, S., Tsunehiro, Y., (714) Mackintosh, I. M., (968) Miyairi, S., Tsunehiro, Y., (652) Maeda, A., (535) Miyamoto, A., Miura, T., (545) Maevskii, 0. A., (813) Mlynar, P., (1 066) Maevskii, 0. A., (536) Möltgen, G., (391} Maier, K., (227) Möltgen, G., (387} Mansour, M., (711) Möltgen, G., (378) Mapham, N., (438) Mölltgen, G., (546) Mapham, N.W., (492) Moerder, C .. (794) Mapham. N.W., Hey, J. C., (903) Mokrytzki, 8., (726) Marcus, T. J., (632) Moll, J. L, Tanenbaum, M., Goldey, J. M., Marguerre, F., (360) Holonyak, N., (963) Martensson, H., Karlsson, A., Krablez, U., (651) Monath, L P., (787) Martensson, H., Karlsson, A., (881) Moore, E. T., Wison, T. G., Sterling, R. W., (439) Marti, 0. K., (149) Moore, R. C., (51) Marti, 0. K., (306) Moore, T.W., Martin, J. A., Franklin, P.W., (461) Marti, 0. K., (590) Morgan, R. E., (547) Marti, 0. K., (122) Morgan, R. E., (573) Marti, 0. K., (150) Morgan, R. E., (497) Martin, D. M., Richardson, P., (537) Morgan, R. E., (904) Maryanovskii, D. 1., Gutkin, 8. M., (533) Movshovich, P. M., Khavkin, 8. P., (764) Marx, E., (277) Moyer, E. E., Palmer, H. L, (795) Mathias, G. E., (819) Müller, C., Hillibrand, J., (973) Matsumoto, M., Ohkochi, T., (736) Müller, G. W., (116) May, E., (278) Müller, H., (440) May, H. J., Reich, H. J., Skalnik, J. G., (19) M üller, K. E., (123) Mayevskii, 0. A., (539) Müller, S., (228) Mc8reen, J. P., (408) Müller-Lübeck, K., (121) McColl, J. 0., Whitaker, P., (1 065) Müller-Lübeck, K., (379) McDonald, G. R., (293) Müller-Lübeck, K., Uhlmann, E., (178) Mcleod, J. A., (493) Müller-Strobel, J., (320) McMurray, W., (494) Müller-Strobel, J., (307) McMurray, W., (495) Müller-Strobel, J., (308) McMurray, W., Shattuck, D. P., (426) Müller-Ströbel, J., (307) Meetov, M. V., Semenov, I. 8., Yarina, V. Z., (624) Mulhern, M. J., Crawford, S. N., (814) Meessen, W., (279) Mulica, A. R., (1 033) Meissen, W., (540) Murphy, R. H., Nambiar, K. P. P., (888) Melingailis, J., Longini, R. L, (1 013) Murphy, R. H., Nambiar, K. P. P., (427) Mellgren, G., (541) Murphy, R. H., Nambiar, K. P. P., (427) Mellgren, G., (712) Murphy, R. H., (462) Memelink, 0. W., (992) Murphy, R. H., (671)

81 Muss, 0. R., Goldberg, C., (1 014) Publications on the subject of mutators and their Myasoedov, 0. N .. (758) accesseries by collaborators of the Brown Boveri concern (281) N Purtzkhvanidze, A., Stafeyev, V. 1., (1 067) Nacke, H., (39) Nagata, T.. (882) R Nakagawa, T., (1 015) Rachel, A., (201) Nambiar, K. P. P., Murphy, R. H., (463) Raderecht P. S., Hogarth, C. A., (1036) Raphael, H., Nasar, S. A., (107) (937) Neale, B. T. M., (883) Raskin, L. Ya., (551) Neidhart, H. U., (229) Rayhrer, G., (202) Neuffer, 1., (936) Read, J. C., (341) Newell, A. F., Williamson, K. H., (952) Read, J. C., (1 068) Nims, J. W., (653) Reich, H. J., (180) Nishida, F., Mizuno, S., (765) Reiche, W. G., (1 069) Noakes, E., Berg, G. J., (627) Reichmann, H., (428) Nohara, K., Minamoto, S., Miyakoshi, K., (498) Reichmann, H., (871) Nolen, H. G., (309) Reimers, E., (953) Nonnenmacher, K., (230) Reimers, E., (577) Reinhardt, F.. (23) 0 Reinhardt, G., (332) Obukhov, S. G., (548) Reinhardt, G., (204) Ohno, E., Akamatsu, M .. (715) Reinhardt G., (321) Ohno, E., (574) Reinhardt G., (265) O'Neill, B. J., (31) Reinhardt G., (181) Ono, T., Kan, T., (1 016) Reinhardt G., (203) Ostendort W., (280) Reiter, C. R., Ammerman, C. R., (820) Ostendort W., (294) Rekus, G. G., Chirkov, M. T., (673) Ostermann, H., (635) Rettig, C. E., Roumanis, P. J., (938) Ostermann, H., (654) Rissik, H., (310) Rissik, H., Ott, R. R., (464) (311) Ott, R. R., Schlabach, L. A., (441) Rissik, H., (296) Overbeck. W. P., (295) Rissik, H., (132) Rivkin, G. A., (552) p Robertson, A. S., Say, M. G., (123) Rodewald, E., (9) Palmer, H. L., Leigh, H. H., (796) Roger, G. J., (674) Paschkis, V., (2) Rollig, K., (1 003) Paynter, 0. A., Bedford, B. 0., Harnden, J. 0., (41 0) Roof, J. L., Heinrich, T. M., (443) Paynter, 0. A .. Bedford, B. 0., Harnden, J. 0., (411) Rösa, J., (828) Pernier, A., Ghiron, E. F., (250) Rosa, J., (821) Petersen, W., (154) Rossé, M., (591) Peterson, R. S., (64) Rotkop, L. L., (843) Petrov, B. P., (25) Roy, T., (205) Petrov, Y. P., (628) Royer, G. H., (384) Pfaff, G., (40) Rumberg, J., (1 070) Pfaff, G., (672) Runge, 1., Beckenbach, H., (182) Pfeiler, V., Pfotenhauer, J., Tegos, A., (575) Ryabinkin, Y .. (1 071) Phadke, A. G., Harlow, J. H., (576) Pichkhadze, I. P., (442) s Pippen, 0. L., (1 034) Sabbah, C. A., (134) Pirraglia, J. A., (549) Sadler, A. J., (1 072) Pistrak, M. Ja., (550) Sadler, A. J., Turner, P.A., (984) Polge, R. J., (759) Sa'guvin, I. 1., (553) Pope, K. 0 .. Mammano, R. A., (1 035) Saito, H., (906) Posse, A. V., (465) Sakovich, A. A., Yditskii, S. B., Abramovich, M. 1., Posse, A. V., Pimenov, V. P., (388) Sokolova, N. 0., (499) Potthoff, K., (126) Salters, G., (429) Preston, F. 0., (83) Samberger, K., (1073) Prince, 0. C., (127) Samberger, K., (554) Prince, 0. C., (120) Samberger, K., (578) Prince, 0. C., (117) Sandler, A. S., Sarbatov, R. S., (85) Protanski, S. A., (905) Sassier, M., (993) Prowse, 0. W., (84) Sato, N., (500)

82 Sato, N., (555) Shepherd, W., Stanway, J., (908) Sato, N., (716) Shepherd, W., Slemon, G. R., (745) Sato, N., Zyuri, 1., (655) Shepherd, W., Stanway, J., (86) Sato, N., (675) Shepherd, W., (87) Saunders, R. M., (65) Shepherd, W., (88) Savasteev, V. G., (810) Shibata, F., (753) Savel'yev, V. M., (402) Shofield, J. R. G., Smith, G. A., Whitmore, M.G., (940) Scott, P., (744) Shohno, K., (1 097) Schenkel, M., v., lssendorff, J., (592) Shohno, K., (1 098) Schenkel, M., lssendorff, J. von (157) Shturman, G. 1., (18) Schenkel, M., v. lssendorff, J., (135) Shubenko, V. A., Shreiner, R. T., Likhosherst, V. 1., (537) Schenkel, M., (155) Shubenko, V. V., (89) Schenkel, M., (158) Siegfried, F., (797) Schenkel, M., (156) Sinclair, W. D., (1 037) Schenkel, M., (121) Sirotin, A. A., (741) Schiele, 0., (282) Sitnik, N. Kh., Nekrasov, I. T., (501) Schiele, 0., (266) Sitnik, N. Kh., (1077) Schiele, 0., Hartel, W., (322) Skorovarov, V. E., (502) Schilling, W., (231) Skorovarov, V. Ye., (558) Schilling, W., (183) Skudelny, H. C., (941) Schilling, W., (283) Slabiak, W., Lawson, L. J., (729) Schilling, W., (232) Slukhotskii, A. E., Vasi'ev, A. S., Martinovich, Schilling, W., (184) V.M., (403) Schilling, W., (355) Smart, D. L., Weaver, J. J. L., (398) Schilling, W., (333) Sobotka, H., (825) Schilling, W., (11) Sokolov, M. M., (90) Schilling, W., (606) Sokolov, M. M., (889) Schilling, W., (574) Somos, 1., Piccone, D. E., (1078) Schilling, W., (312) Somos, 1., (994) Schilling, W., (334) Somos, 1., (995) Schilling, W., (335) Southworth, M. P., (1 038) Schilling, W., (13) Spenke, E., (1 079) Schilling, W., (297) Spenke, E., (1080) Schilling, W., (780) Spkinas, E. L., (1 081) Schipillo, V. P., (582) Steele, E. L., (959) Schmidek, A. J., (251) Steimel, K., (681) Schmidt, A., Smith, W. P., (807) Steimel, K., Heumann, K., (717) Schnörr, R., (444) Steiner, H.C., Gable, A.C., Maser, H.T., (159) Schnörr, R., (676) Steizoff, J. A., (268) Schönung, A., (677) Stenning, L. C., (313) Schönung, A., (678) Stepina, J., (730) Schönung, A., (727) Stepina, J., Bendl, J., (845) Schuenemann, C., (580) Stepina, J., Bendl, J., (855) Schuisky, W., (790) Stevens, S. A., (1 084) Schuisky, W., (15) Stockman, H. E., (35) Schulze, E., (252) Stöhr, M., (607) Schulze, E., (267) Stöhr, M., (782) Schulze-Buxloh, W., (412) Stöhr, M., (206) Schumann, W. 0., (339) Stöhr, M., (207) Schuster, K., Spenke, E., (1074) Stöhr, M., (608) Seefried, E., (679) Stöhr, M., (593) Seefried, E., (728) Stöhr, M., (609) Seefried, E., (581) Stöhr, M., (160) Seefried, E., (680) Stöhr, M., (603) Seegmiller, W. R., (844) Stöhr, M., (604) Sehovcev, N. A., Prohovov, E. D., Pysnyj, M. M., (1 075) Stöhr, M., (615) Semenov, I. B., Yarina, Yu. Z., (854) Storm, H. F., Watson, D. L., (1082) Sequenz, H., (12) Storm, H. F., (1 017) Sequenz, H., (14) Storr-Best, J. L., (583) Serabrjakov, A. N., (439) Stringer, L. F., (942) Serdjuk, Yu. V., Trohimenko, Ja. K., (1 076) Ströbl, K., (269) Sevcenko, G. 1., (556) Ströbl, K., (298) Seyfert, S. S., (185) Ströbl, K., (299) Shapiro, L. Ya, Sandler, A. 5., (907) Stumpe, A. C., (1 005)

83 Stumpe, A. C., (1 004) V Sturland, R. W., Alison-Beer, M., (91) Vaid, S. S., (911) Subenko, V. A., Sreiner, R. 1., Lihoserst, V. 1., (718) Vallauri, G., (124) Sucker, K., (1 018) Varfolomeev, G. N., (470) Surchamp, Y., Marty, P., (747) Varfolomeev, G. N., (471) Surchamp, Y., (771) Variabie speed power drive (801) Svensson, R., (1 083) Varskii, V. A., (954) Svoboda, V., (366) Vasiliu, G., (781) Svoboda, R., (1 006) Vaske, P., (53) Veshenevskii, S. N., (732) Vinogradov, A. L., Lukin, F. F., Fedorov, B. A., (912) Vitalyos, L., (822) T Voorhoeve, N. A. J., (4) Taegen, F., (36) Voorhoeve, N. A. J., Jong, F. H. de, (7) (6) Taeger, W., (118) Voorhoeve, N. A. J., Takeuchî, T. J., Maeda, A., (503) Vui, Pham van, Rai, J. P., (505) Takeuchi, T. J., Maeda, A., (559) w Takeuchi, T. J., (466) Takeuchi, T. J., (560) Wadham, E., Knott, R. D., (1 087) Takeuchi, T. J., (909) Wagner, C. F., Ludwig, L. R., (210) Takeuchi, T. J., (467) Wagner, C. F., (253) Taylor, J. C., Weigold, F. P., (910) Wagner, C. F., (234) Teago, F. J., (284) Wagner, C. F., (233) Teissie-Solier, M., Curie, C., Roux, J., (613) Wagner, R., Wolski, A .. (913) Tellioglu, M., (719) Wagner, R., (94) Terekhov, V. M., (856) Wagner, R., (943) Thees, R., (731) Wagner, R., (914) Thiele, G., (1085) Waldvogel, P., (336) Thompson, R., (445) Wallach, Y., (41) Tiede, R. V., (816) Wallach, Y., Erlicki, M. S., Ben Uri, J., (469) Tigler, H., (367) Wallach, Y., Erlicki, M. S., Ben-Uri, J., (773) Tikhmenev, B. H .. Rubchinskii, Z. M., (92) Ward, E. E., (506) Tobisch, G. J., (1039) Wasserab, Th., (324) Tolstov, J. G., (446) Watanabe, Y., Aoyama, R., (254) Tolstov, Y. G., Pridakkov, A. G., (561) Watanabe, Y., Outi, M., (300) Tompkins, F. N., (314) Watanabe, Y., Takano, T., Goto, H., (235) Tompkins, F. N., (161) Weaver, J. J. L., (1088) Toth, J. R., Schoeffler, J. D., Chirgwin, K. M., (468) Weber, H. F.. (944) Traverso, U., (52) Weber, J., (562) Traverso, U .• (890) Wechmann, W., (163) Tricker, A. J., (1 086) Weinrich, G., Landau, I. D., Anastasiu, S.. Trickey, P. H., (93) Constantinescu, M., (892) Tröger, R., (209) Werners, P., (315) Tröger, R., (351) Wesselack, F., (563) Tröger, R., (162) West, J. C., Yayawant, B. V., Williams, G., (66) Tröger, R., (208) Williams, F. C., Eastham, J. F., Tipping, D., (683) Tröger, R., (340) Williamson, K. H., (564) Tschudy, W., (1 09) Willis, C. H., (164) Turkington, R. E., (368) Willis, C. H .. (594) Turnbull, F. G., (1 08) Wilson, T. G., Trickey, P. H., (639) Turnbull, F. G., (891) Wilson, T. G., Moore, E. T., (507) Turnbull, F. G., (504) Winkler, H., (473) Tustin, A., (682) Winstanley, W. M., (211) Tuttle, W. N., (808) Wolf, F. T. de, (802) Wolfendale, (720) Wolley, E.D., (1094) u Wolski, A., (95) Wolski, A., (96) Uhlmann, E., (380) Wunderlin, W., Strutt, M. J. 0., (1 089) Uhlmann, E., (186) Wurm, R. J., Stratton, L. J., (413) Uhlmann, E., (323) Uhlmann, E., (187) V Uhlmann, E.. (270) Yates, W. W., (733) Usher, T. E., Beek, C. D., (656) Yefremov, I. S., (1090)

84 z Zehnder, H., (788) Zeissig, F., (54) Zagalsky, N., Shepherd, W., (884) Zeissig, F., (684) Zastrow, E. E. von, Galloway, J. H., (1 040) Zelrok, A. G., Zastrow, E. E. von, Galloway, J. H., (1 091) (565) Zenkel, D., Zastrow, E. E. von, (472) (955) Zenner, R. E., Zimmermann, L. B., (721) Zavalishin, D. A., Zakharevich, S. V., Tikan, V. A., (625) Zilitinkewitsch, S., (285) Zavalishin, D. A., Novikova, G. 1., Chzhen, Bin-gan (640) Zimin, E. M., (857) Zavalashin, D. A., Novikova, G.l., Chzhen, Bin-gan, (447) Zollinger, H.A., (858) Zeeuw, W. J., de, Polak, M. M., Versteld, L. R. G., (915) Zürneck, H., (722)

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author wishes to express appreciation for all the general facilities made available by the Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Technological University Eindhoven, Netherlands, for perfor­ ming the bibliographical research leading to this bibliography, for the interest shown by Prof. dr. ir. J. G. Niesten of the Group on Electro­ mechanics, for the aid of the libraries of the Technological Universities Eindhoven and Delft, and in particular for the aid and encouragement given by ir. I. V. Bruza, head of the Electrical Engineering Library and Mrs. A. C. van Wyk, at that time responsible for inter-library relations at the Central Library of the Technological Univer­ sity of Eindhoven.

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