March 2, 1937. J. M. PESTARIN 2,072,768 ELECTRICAL GENERATOR SUPPLYING Two LOADS, ONE Af WARIABLE WOLTAGE AND ANOTHER AT CONSTANT VOLTAGE Filed Aug. i5, l934

6 Patented Mar. 2, 1937 2,072,768

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,072,768 ELECTRICAL GENERATOR SUPPLYING TWO OAOS, ONE AT WARIABLE VOLTAGE AND ANOTHER AT CONSTANT VOLTAGE Joseph Maximus Pestarini, Grant City, Staten sland, N. Y. Application August 15, 1934, Serial No. 40,011 29 Cairns. (C. 2-239) This invention relates to electrical plants where The invention here considered is a special in two loads have to be supplied with direct current, provement of the metadyne generator object of one load, let us call it the main load, requiring a continuously varying voltage, and another load, my U. S. Patent No. 2,038,380 and it will be easier 5 let us call it supplementary load, requiring a con understood if the latter application is borne in Stant voltage. mind. A Diesel electric locomotive is an important In a metadyne the primary current is auto example of such a plant. The traction motors matically so adjusted as to create by its ampere constitute the main load requiring a voltage vary -turns combined with the stator ampere turns pro 0. ing continuously with the speed of the train, and duced along the primary axis, a flux, called the primary flux, inducing an electromotive force 10 the auxiliary machines, such as the air condition between the secondary brushes and no electro ing machines, the heating resistors, the ventila motive force between the primary brushes, of such tors, the compressors, the battery, requiring a value as may be required for inducing between constant voltage. In the present state of the art the secondary brushes a secondary voltage as re two electrical generators are provided; a main quired by the main consumers for maintaining a 5 generator which with a suitable field adjustment constant secondary current. As explained in the supplies the traction motor load and an auxiliary above patents, when the operating conditions generator which supplies current at constant volt vary, the secondary voltage varies and the pri age to the auxiliary machines. mary current which produces the secondary volt 20 An object of my invention is to provide an elec age inherently adjusts its value correspondingly. trical system wherein a metadyne dynamo-elec If the primary brushes are connected to an aux 20 tric machine is utilized to provide simultaneously iliary source, called primary source of the elec a variable potential source of electrical power and tric power supply, supplying current at a sub a constant potential source of electrical power. stantially constant voltage, the primary current 25 According to the present invention only a single will traverse this auxiliary source. Let us indi electrical generator will accomplish both duties cate this current by I'. 25 in a simple and economical way and with less If a supplementary load is then connected to the weight. The single generator is a metadyne pro primary brushes of a metadyne constructed as vided with special windings, described herein explained above without any auxiliary stator 30 after. winding, the current, is, required by the supple A metadyne is an electrical machine described mentary load, has to be supplied completely by 30 in many previous United States patents, for in the auxiliary primary source, as the metadyne stance in Patents No. 1,969,699, No. 1,945,447, No. generator cannot afford to modify its primary 1962,030 and essentially consisting of a rotor current, the primary flux being completely defined 35 with winding and commutator like a conventional by the secondary voltage. dynamo and of a stator affording a magnetic cir It is desirable that the supplementary current 35 cuit of low reluctance to the fluxes created by Is required by the Supplementary load be supplied the rotor ampere turns; two sets of brushes are generally provided, the current traversing one set by the metadyne and not by the primary source, 40 that is, that the current supplied by the primary inducing by its rotor ampere turns an electro source remain substantially unchanged when a 40 motive force between the brushes of the other supplementary load is connected to the generator, set, one set, called primary and traversed by a and this result may be obtained by providing the current called primary, has its brushes kept at a metadyne with a special stator winding, let us constant voltage difference, the other set, called call it S. Such a winding may be constructed and secondary and traversed by a current called sec arranged so that when a current flows there 45 ondary, has its brushes connected to the con through it produces a magnetomotive force which sumers or electrical load supplied with current by the metadyne. substantially compensates for the primary rotor A description in detail of the metadyne prin ampere-turns which would be created by the cur ciples is given in a paper entitled "Esquisse sur la rent that traverses this special winding S, if this Metadyne' by J. M. Pestarini, in the "Bulletin current traverses the primary rotor winding. This 50 Scientifique A.I.M.' No. 4, April 1931 of "L'Asso winding S is connected in such a way as to make ciation des Ingeneurs Electriciens' published by the current Is supplied to the Supplementary load the 'Institut electrotechnique Montefiore' Liege, traverse the special winding S, and the primary Belgium. auxiliary source is connected so that the current I' is supplied by this auxiliary source of electrica 55 2 2,072,768 power supply to a point intermediate the connec primary source; Fig. 5 illustrates a further in tion of the Winding S to the primary circuit of provement allowing for a satisfactory means of the metadyne armature. charging the battery, and Fig. 6 illustrates the The operation will be more clearly understood application of the present invention in combina by a consideration of the currents, voltages, and tion with my copending application Serial No. 5 5 magnetomotive forces under different operating 735,003, filed July 13, 1934, describing an arrange conditions. If no supplementary load is on the ment suitable for Diesel-electric locomotives. generator, the metadyne rotor primary current Relating to Fig. 1, the metadyne is driven equals the current supplied by the primary auxili by a prime mover 27, such as a Diesel engine, ary source of electrical power Supply and, since and is shown having its primary brushes a and C 10 10 in the usual metadyne dynamo-electric machine connected to the terminals 0 and fit of a pri the voltage induced between the primary brushes mary source of direct current at an essentially a and c is less than the voltage impressed thereon Constant voltage, and having its Secondary by the primary auxiliary source of electrical power brushes b and d Supplying with current at vari 5 supply, a current I will flow in a given direction able voltage the main electrical load, such as from the auxiliary source of electrical power Sup motors 2 and 3, which constitute the main load. ply through the primary rotor circuit. At the in The supplementary load is indicated by a resistor stant that the supplementary load is connected, 4 and a motor 5. The current Is Supplied to the a current Is will be supplied thereto, and this cur auxiliaries constituting a supplementary load traverses the stator winding 6 which substan 20 rent Is will flow through the stator Winding S. Let tially compensates for the primary rotor ampere us assume that, since the induced voltage between turns created by the Supplementary current Is the primary brushes a and c due to the rotor when this current flows through the primary secondary current armature reaction is less than rotor circuit and has therefore no interference the voltage of the auxiliary Source of electrical with the ampere turns due to the magnetizing power supply, this current is supplied from the current I, as explained above, drawn from the auxiliary source of electrical power supply, and primary source, the terminals of which, O and that the current I' will continue to flow in the , are shown directly connected to the primary same direction in the metadyne armature primary brushes a and C. The Supplementary load may circuit. This current IS eXcites the field exciting 30 30 winding S, and provides primary ampere-turns be switched on or off, it will not affect the result which are cumulative with respect to the rotor ant ampere-turns in the metadyne and therefore primary ampere-turns and cause a higher voltage it will not affect the value of the primary and to be induced between the Secondary brushes, re of the secondary voltage. The value of the sec ondary current is determined by the ampere Sulting in a higher secondary current flow. This 35 latter current, in turn, induces a higher voltage turns of the 'secondary variator winding' 2 between the rotor primary brushes a. and c Oppo having its magnetic axis in the direction of the site to the impressed voltage, and, therefore, de commutation axis of the secondary brushes b and creases the current I' supplied to the metadyne d and the value of the primary magnetizing cur rent I' is reduced to the desired amount by means armature primary from the auxiliary Source of 40 40 electrical power supply, and this decrease in the of the "primary variator winding' 7, the mag current I' exactly equals the current is. Thus netic axis of which is in the direction of the con the current I' flowing through the metadyne mutating axis of the primary brushes, a and c, armature primary circuit may be reduced to Zero and which is connected to the primary and Sec or even reversed in direction from the original ondary brushes by means of the adjusting resist no Supplementary load condition, but the current ances 8, 9, 3, 4, according to the invention de supplied by the auxiliary source of electrical power scribed in my U. S. Patent No. 2,038,380. The supply will remain substantially constant, and the secondary variator winding 2 and the primary net primary excitation of the metadyne Stator variator winding 7 are not indicated in all the and rotor is also maintained substantially con further Schemes for the sake of simplicity, as 50 stant, irrespective of the supplementary load not essentially pertaining to the present inven connected across the metadyne primary circuit. tion. The field exciting Winding 7 and its con This operation has been explained neglecting the nections to the primary and Secondary brushes resistance voltage drop, for the compensation of through the resistors 8, 9, 13, and 4, however, is which the primary voltage varies slightly, and shown in Figs. 4 and 6 to more clearly illustrate which results in a slight corresponding variation the excitation systems of the metadyne. 5 5 in the secondary current, but these slight changes The energy required by the supplementary load do not affect the inherent regulation of the sys being Supplied by the main metadyne generator, tem as explained above. when the present invention is applied, the pri Inary Source may be Very Small, and in Some For a better understanding of my invention, (6) 60 reference is made to the accompanying drawing cases it may be constituted by a Small generator wherein the machines are all schematically illus driven by the same shaft as the main metadyne trated and each of the field exciting Windings is generator by a prime nover 27. Fig 2 illustrates shown with its axis along the respective axis of the this case, the primary Source f6 being a small magnetic field which they produced. shunt excited dynamo. The Supplementary cur 35 The accompanying drawing shows many rent Is supplied to the Supplementary load 4, Schemes which illustrates the invention: Fig. 1 5, and 5, is caused to traverse the primary com shows the general arrangement, the primary pensating winding 6. Source not being indicated for the sake of gener The operation of a metadyne generator of this ality; in Fig. 2 the primary Source is a small gen type is more stable and smooth when the com erator driven by the same shaft as the main plete primary current traverses a stator winding metadyne generator; Fig. 3 shows a battery as constructed and arranged so as to induce between primary source and gives the scheme of an im the primary brushes an electromotive force op proved arrangement of the stator windings; Fig. 4 posing the primary current. This arrangement shows Some further improvements in the stator is shown in Fig. 3, the stator Winding in consid 75 windings permitting to reduce the capacity of the eration being indicated by 7 traversed by the 2,073,768 3 complete primary current; the primary current mary axis to maintain a substantially constant It divides into primary magnetizing current I' Voltage across the metadyne rotor primary and supplementary primary current Is, only at brushcsa and c. If the voltage impressed upon the the point 24 located beyond the winding 7. The metadyne primary varies from a predetermined 5 primary source represented on Fig. 3 is a small value, the regulator 2 varies the resistance in 5 battery 8. Thus, if there is any tendency for the circuit of the field exciting winding 20 cor the machine to "hunt', that is, if, for any reason, respondingly, so that the primary excitation of the primary rotor current tends to vary in an the metadyne remains substantially constant, ir unstable condition from the desired value, the respective of the charge or voltage of the battery 0. field exciting winding 7 is constructed and ar 8, and if the voltage of the battery falls below a 10 ranged so that any variation from the desired predetermined value, the current therethrough primary rotor current will set up a magneto will be reversed and be supplied by the metadyne motive force along the Secondary rotor axis of primary circuit, thereby recharging the battery. such magnitude and direction that a voltage will Fig. 6 shows the application of the present in 5 be induced between the primary brushes a and c vention, in combination with the invention de which will tend to cause a current to flow there Scribed in my copending application Serial No. between of exactly the Same magnitude and op 735,003, filed July 13, 1934. The latter describes posite in direction to the disturbing current vari a device involving a regulator machine and a ation and thereby damp out the disturbing varia regulator winding upon the metadyne generator tion. and endowing, as a result, the metadyne with an 20 Fig. 4 shows a similar arrangement: the pri hyperbolic current-voltage characteristic very mary source 6 is a small auxiliary shunt excited suitable for Diesel electric locomotives. In Fig. 6 generator driven by the same shaft as the main the regulator machine 22 is coupled to the meta metadyne generator by a prime mover 27; in dyne generator driven by the prime mover 27 and 25 order further to reduce the primary magnetizing is arranged to energize the regulator winding 23. current, and thus reduce the size of the primary generator f6, a stator winding 9 inducing an The main metadyne also is provided with the electromotive force between the secondary stator windings 6, 7 and 20 already described, brushes in the same direction as the rotor am the action of which does not interfere with that 30 of the regulator machine 22 and the regulator pere turns due to the primary magnetizing cur 30 rent, is traversed exclusively by the current sup winding 23. The current in the winding 20 is plied from the primary source. The operation adjusted by the vibrating regulator 2 sensitive to of such a winding is clearly explained in my U. S. the primary voltage. Thus the metadyne gen Patent No. 2,038,380. erator accomplishes three duties simultaneously; 35 it Supplies the main load consisting of two notors On Fig. 4 a vibrating regulator 25 is shown, 2 and 3 with an hyperbolic current-voltage char 35 acting upon the excitation of the primary gen acteristic, it supplies at constant voltage the sup erator 6 connected directly across the outer pri plementary load 4, 5, f5, and finally it charges mary terminals of the metadyne generator and, Satisfactorily the battery 8. therefore, directly responsive to the voltage 40 thereof. The vibrator 25 acts upon the excita Various modifications of the arrangements tion of the small machine 6, by varying the above described will occur to those skilled in the 40 resistance in the field circuits thereof in accord art. I desire it to be understood, therefore, that ance with the primary metadyne rotor voltage my invention is not to be limited to the particular variation and, therefore, maintains substantially arrangements set forth and I intend in the ap 45 constant the primary voltage of the large main pended claims to cover all modifications which do metadyne generator which may be important for not depart from the spirit and Scope of my in 45 supplying a supplementary load such as the re vention. sistor 4, the motor 5, and the battery 26. Having now particularly described and ascer Fig. 5 illustrates an important improvement tained the nature of my said invention, and in particularly adapted when the primary source is what manner the same is to be performed, I de a battery 18. In order to maintain constant in clare that what I claim is: 50 this case, the primary voltage of the main 1. An electrical system including a metadyne metadyne generator, independently from the volt dynamo-electric machine having an armature, age of the battery which varies with the actual means including a primary brush set associated 5 5 with said armature for providing a primary cir 5 state of its charge, a stator winding 20 is pro cuit through said armature, a primary load cir 55 vided on the metadyne, inducing by its ampere cuit, means for connecting said primary load cir turns an electromotive force between the Second cuit across said primary brush Set, a Source of ary brushes, and being traversed by a current Substantially constant potential electrical power adjusted by means of a vibrating regulator 2 supply, means for connecting said source of elec 60 sensitive to the primary brush voltage. By the trical power supply across said primary brush 60 action of the said stator winding the primary set, a field exciting winding arranged to produce voltage is kept constant and the battery is a component of magnetic flux along the com charged until its voltage equals the primary volt mutating axis of said primary brush set, means age of the metadyne. Thus by a suitable adjust for energizing said field exciting winding in ac ment the main metadyne charges the battery, cordance with an electrical characteristic of said although the latter acts as primary source of primary load circuit, means including a secondary electrical power. As explained above, with re brush set electrically displaced from said primary spect to the supplementary winding S, it is pos brush set and associated with said armature for sible to induce a higher rotor primary voltage providing a secondary circuit through said arma 70 than the voltage impressed thereon by providing ture, and a second load circuit connected across 70 additional excitation along the primary axis by said secondary brush set. means of a special stator field exciting winding. 2. An electrical system including a metadyne The field exciting winding 20 is constructed and generator having an armature, means including arranged so that it will produce the desired mag a primary brush set associated with said arma 75 netomotive force along the metadyne rotor pri ture for providing a primary circuit through said 75 4. 2,072,768 armature and for producing a primary flux, a 5. An electrical system including a metadyne primary load circuit, means for connecting said generator having an armature, means including primary load circuit across said primary brush set, a primary brush set associated with said arma a source of substantially constant potential elec ture for providing a primary circuit through said armature and for producing a primary flux, a 5 trical power supply, means for connecting said Source of electrical power Supply acroSS said pri primary load circuit, means for connecting Said mary brush set, a field exciting winding arranged primary load circuit across said primary brush to produce a component of magnetic flux along Set, a Source of Substantially constant potential the commutating axis of said primary brush set, electrical power supply, means for connecting 0 means for energizing said field exciting winding said source of electrical power supply across said in accordance with an electrical characteristic of primary brush set, a field exciting winding ar said primary load circuit, means including a sec ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux ondary brush set electrically displaced from said along the commutating axis of said primary primary brush set and associated with said arma brush Set, means for energizing said field excit ture for providing a secondary circuit through ing winding in accordance with an electrical char said armature, and a secondary load circuit con acteristic of Said primary load circuit, means in nected across said secondary brush set. cluding a Secondary brush set electrically dis 3. An electrical system including a metadyne placed from Said primary brush set and associated generator having an armature, means including a with said armature for providing a secondary primary brush set associated with said armature circuit through said armature, a second field ex for providing a primary circuit through said citing winding arranged to produce a component armature, a primary load circuit, means for con of magnetic flux along the commutating axis of necting said primary load circuit across said Said primary brush set, means dependent upon primary brush set, a source of substantially con the electrical potential across said primary brush stant potential electrical power Supply, means for Set and dependent upon the electrical potential connecting said source of electrical power supply a CrOSS Said Secondary brush set for energizing said across said primary brush Set, a field exciting second field exciting winding, a secondary load winding arranged to produce a component of mag circuit Connected across said secondary brush netic flux along the commutating axis of Said set, and means including a third field exciting 30 primary brush set, means for energizing Said field Winding arranged to produce a component of exciting winding in accordance with an electrical magnetic flux along the commutating axis of said characteristic of said primary load circuit, means Secondary brush set for controlling the current including a secondary brush set electrically dis in Said Secondary circuit. placed from said primary brush Set and associated 6. An electrical System including a metadyne With Said arrnature for providing a secondary generator having an armature, means including : circuit through said armature, a second field a primary brush. Set aSSociated with said arma exciting winding arranged to produce a com ture for providing a primary circuit through said ponent of magnetic flux along the commutating arnature, a primary load circuit, means for con axis of said primary brush set, means dependent necting Said primary load circuit across said 40 upon the electrical potential across said primary primary brush set, a Source of substantially con brush set and dependent upon the electricai stant potential electrical power supply, means for potential across said secondary brush set for ener connecting said Source of electrical power sup gizing said second field exciting Winding. ply across said primary brush set, a field exciting 4. An electrical System including a, neta dyne Winding arranged to produce a component of 45 generator having an armature, means including magnetic flux along the commutating axis of said a primary brush set asSociated With Said arma primary brush Set, means for energizing said field ture for providing a primary circuit through said exciting winding in accordance with an electrical armature, a primary load circuit, means for con characteristic of said primary load circuit, means necting said primary load circuit a CrOSS Said pri including a secondary brush set electrically dis 50 mary brush set, a source of Substantially con placed from said primary brush set and associated : stant potential electrical power Supply, means for with said armature for providing a secondary connecting said source of electrical power Supply circuit through said armature, means including across said primary brush set, a field exciting a Second field exciting winding arranged to pro winding arranged to produce a component of duce a Component of magnetic flux along the commutating axis of said secondary brush set fol' 5 5 55 magnetic flux along the commutating axis of controlling the current in said primary circuit, said primary brush set, means for energizing said and means for energizing Said Second fied excit field exciting winding in accordance with an elec ing Winding in accordance with the current in trical characteristic of said plinary load circuit, said primary arnature circuit. means including a secondary brush set electri () 60 cally displaced from said primary brush set and 7. An electrical System including a metadyne associated with Said arnature for providing a generator having an armature, means including Secondary circuit through said arnature, a Sec a primary brush set associated with said arma ond field exciting Winding arranged to produce ture for providing a primary circuit through said a component of magnetic flux along the conn armature, a primary load circuit, means for con 65 mutating axis of Said primary brush set, means necting said primary load circuit across said pri dependent upon the electrical potential across mary brush set, a source of Substantially constant said primary brush set and dependent upon the potential electrical power Supply, means for con electrical potential across said Secondary brush necting said Source of electrical power supply set for energizing said second field exciting Wind across said primary brush Set, a field exciting 70 ing, a secondary load circuit connected across Winding arranged to produce a component of said secondary brush Set, and means including a magnetic flux along the commutating axis of said third field exciting winding arranged to produce primary brush Set, means for energizing said field a component of magnetic flux along the commu exciting Winding in accordance with an electri tating axis of said secondary brush Set for con cal characteristic of said primary load circuit, trolling the current in Said Secondary circuit, means including a Secondary brush set electri 9,078,788 5 cally displaced from said primary brush set and a component of magnetic flux along the Com associated with said armature for providing a mutating axis of said primary brush set, means secondary circuit through said armature, a sec for energizing said field exciting winding in ac ondary load circuit connected across said second cordance with an electrical characteristic of said ary brush set, a second field exciting winding ar primary load circuit, an auxiliary generator, ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux means for driving said auxiliary generator in a along the commutating axis of said primary brush predetermined speed relation to the speed of said set, and means dependent upon the electrical po metadyne generator, a second field exciting wind tential across said primary brush set for energiz ing arranged to produce a component of magnetic O ing said second field exciting winding. flux along the commutating axis of said primary 10 8. An electrical system including a metadyne brush set, means for connecting said auxiliary generator having an armature, means including generator and said second field exciting winding a primary brush set associated with said arma in Series across said primary brush set, means ture for providing a primary circuit through said including a secondary brush set electrically dis 15 armature and for producing a primary flux, a pri placed fron said primary brush set and associ 15 mary load circuit, means for connecting said pri ated with said armature for providing a secondary mary load circuit across said primary brush set, circuit through said armature, and a secondary a source of substantially constant potential elec load circuit connected across said secondary trical power Supply, means for connecting said brush Set. 20 source of supply across said primary brush set, 11. An electrical system including a metadyne a field exciting winding arranged to produce a generator having an armature, means including component of magnetic flux along the commu a primary brush set associated with said armature tating axis of said primary brush set, means for for providing a primary circuit through said ar energizing said field exciting winding in accord mature and for producing a primary flux, a pri ance with an electrical characteristic of said mary load circuit, means for connecting said pri 25 primary load circuit, means including a second mary load circuit across said primary brush set, a ary brush set electrically displaced from said pri field exciting winding arranged to produce a com mary brush set and associated with said armature ponent of magnetic flux along the commutating for providing a secondary circuit through said 30 axis of said primary brush set, means for ener arnature, a Second field exciting winding ar gizing said field exciting winding in accordance 30 ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux with an electrical characteristic of said primary in the same direction as said primary flux, and load circuit, an auxiliary generator, means for means for energizing said second field exciting driving said auxiliary generator in a predeter winding in accordance with the current supplied mined speed relation to the speed of said meta by said Source of electrical power supply. dyne generator, means dependent upon the volt 35 9. An electrical system including a metadyne age across said primary load circuit for regulating generator, having an armature, means including the voltage of Said auxiliary generator, a second a primary brush set associated with said armature field exciting winding arranged to produce a con for providing a primary circuit through said ponent of magnetic flux along the commutating 40 armature and for producing a primary flux, a axis of said primary brush set, means for con 40 primary load circuit, means for connecting said necting said auxiliary generator and said second primary load circuit across said primary brush field exciting winding in series across said primary set, a field exciting winding arranged to produce brush set, means including a secondary brush a component of magnetic flux along the com set electrically displaced from said primary brush 45 mutating axis of Said primary brush set, means set and associated with said armature for provid for energizing said field exciting winding in ac ing a secondary circuit through said armature, 45 cordance with an electrical characteristic of Said and a Secondary load circuit connected across primary load circuit, an auxiliary generator, said secondary brush set. means for driving said auxiliary generator in a 12. An electrical system including a metadyne 50 predetermined speed relation to the speed of said generator having an armature, means including metadyne generator, a second field exciting Wind a primary brush set associated with said arma 50 ing arranged to produce a component of magnetic ture for providing a primary circuit through said flux in the same direction as said primary flux, armature, a primary load circuit, means for con means for connecting said auxiliary generator necting Said primary load circuit across said 55 and said second field exciting winding in series primary brush Set, a source of substantially con across said primary brush set, means including stant potential electrical power Supply, means for a secondary brush set electrically displaced from connecting said source of electrical power supply said primary brush Set and associated with said across said primary brush set, a field exciting armature for providing a secondary circuit winding arranged to produce a component of (6) through said armature, means including a third magnetic flux along the commutating axis of said field exciting winding arranged to produce a primary brush set, means for energizing said field 60 component of magnetic flux along the commu exciting winding in accordance with an electrical tating axis of said secondary brush set for con characteristic of said primary load circuit, means trolling the current in said primary circuit, and including a secondary brush set electrically dis (35 means for energizing said third field exciting placed from said primary brush set and asso 65 winding in accordance with the current in Said ciated with said armature for providing a sec primary armature circuit. ondary circuit through said armature, a secondary 10. An electrical system including a metadyne load circuit connected across said secondary generator having an armature, means including brush set, a Second field exciting winding ar O a primary brush set associated with said armature ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux O for providing a primary circuit through said along the commutating axis of said secondary arnature and for producing a primary flux, a brush set, and means for energizing said second primary load circuit, means for connecting said field exciting winding in accordance with an primary load circuit across said primary brush electrical characteristic of said primary armature 75 set, a field exciting winding arranged to produce circuit. 75 6 2,072,768 13. An electrical system including a metadyne ated with said armature for providing a secondary generator having an armature, means including circuit through said armature, a second field ex a primary brush set associated with said armature citing winding arranged to produce a component . for providing a primary circuit through said of magnetic flux along the commutating axis of armature, a primary load circuit, means for con Said secondary brush Set, means for energizing 5 necting said primary load circuit acroSS said Said Second field exciting winding in accordance primary brush set, a Source of Substantially con With an electrical characteristic of said primary stant potential electrical power supply, means for circuit, a third field exciting winding arranged to connecting said source of electrical power supply produce a component of magnetic flux along the across said primary brush Set, a field exciting Commutating axis of said primary brush set, and 10 Winding arranged to produce a component of means dependent upon the electrical potential magnetic flux along the commutating axis of across said primary brush set for controlling the said primary brush set, means for energizing said energization of said third field exciting winding. field exciting winding in accordance With an elec i6. An electrical system including a metadyne trical characteristic of said primary load circuit, generator having an armature, means including 15 means including a secondary brush set electrically a primary brush set associated with said armature displaced from Said primary brush set and asso for providing a primary circuit through said arm ciated with said armature for providing a sec ature, a primary load circuit, means for connect Ondary circuit through said armature, a secondary ing said primary load circuit acroSS said primary load circuit connected across said secondary brush brush set, a source of substantially constant po 20 20 set, a second field exciting winding arranged to tential electrical power supply, means for con produce a component of magnetic flux along the necting said Source of electrical power supply across said primary brush set, a field exciting commutating axis of said secondary brush set, Winding arranged to produce a component of and means dependent upon the speed of said 2 5 25 metadyne generator for energizing said second magnetic flux along the commutating axis of said : field exciting Winding. primary brush set, means for energizing said field 14. An electrical system including a metadyne exciting winding in accordance with an electrical generator having an armature, means including characteristic of said primary load circuit, means a primary brush set aSSOciated with said arma including a secondary brush set electrically dis 30 ture for providing a primary circuit through said placed from said primary brush set and associated armature, a primary load circuit, means for con with said armature for providing a secondary cir necting said primary load circuit across said pri cuit through said armature, a second field excit mary brush set, a source of substantially constant ing winding arranged to produce a component of potential electrical power supply, means for con magnetic flux along the commutating axis of said necting said source of electrical power supply secondary brush set, means for energizing said : across said primary brush set, a field exciting second field exciting winding in accordance with winding arranged to produce a component of an electrical characteristic of Said primary arma magnetic flux along the commutating axis of ture circuit, a third field exciting winding ar ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux said primary brush set, means for energizing said 40 40 field exciting winding in accordance with an elec along the commutating axis of said primary brush trical characteristic of said primary load circuit, set, means dependent upon the electrical poten means including a secondary brush set electrically tial across said primary brush set for controlling displaced from said primary brush set and asso the energization of said third field exciting wind ciated with said armature for providing a sec ing, a fourth field exciting winding for said meta ondary circuit through said armature, a secondary dyne generator arranged to produce a component load circuit connected across said secondary brush of flux along the commutating axis of Said Sec set, a second field exciting winding arranged to ondary brush set, and means dependent upon an produce a component of magnetic flux along operating characteristic of said generator and the commutating axis of said primary brush set, including a dynamo-electric machine for ener means dependent upon the electrical potential gizing said fourth field exciting winding. 50 across said primary brush set for energizing said 17. An electrical system including a metadyne second field exciting winding, a third field excit generator having an armature, means including ing winding arranged to produce a component of a primary brush set associated with said arma magnetic flux along the commutating axis of Said ture for providing a primary circuit through said secondary brush set, and means for energizing armature, a primary load circuit, means for con 5 5 55 said third field exciting winding in accordance necting said primary load circuit across said with an electrical characteristic of said primary primary brush set, a source of Substantially con armature circuit. stant potential electrical power Supply, means for 15. An electrical system including a metadyne connecting said source of electrical power Sup generator having an armature, means including ply across said primary brush set, a field exciting (5) 60 a primary brush set associated with said arma winding arranged to produce a component of ture for providing a primary circuit through said magnetic flux along the commutating axis of said armature, a primary load circuit, means for con primary brush set, means for energizing said field necting said primary load circuit acroSS said prl exciting winding in accordance with an electrical mary brush set, a source of substantially constant characteristic of said primary load circuit, means 65 potential electrical power supply, means for con including a secondary brush set electrically dis necting said source of electrical power supply placed from said primary brush set and asso across said primary brush set, a field exciting ciated with said armature for providing a second winding arranged to produce a component of alry circuit through said armature, means includ magnetic flux along the commutating axis of Said ing a second field exciting winding arranged to 70 primary brush set, means for energizing said field produce a component of magnetic flux along the exciting winding in accordance with an electrical commutating axis of Said secondary brush set, characteristic of said primary load circuit, means means for energizing said second field exciting including a secondary brush set electrically dis winding in accordance with an electrical char w 75 placed from said primary brush set and associ acteristic of Said primary armature circuit, a 9,079,768 7 third field exciting winding arranged to produce 20. A power system for locomotives or cars in a component of magnetic flux along the corn cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator mutating axis of said primary brush set, means having an armature driven by said prime mover, for energizing said third field exciting winding, means including a primary brush set associated means dependent upon the electrical potential with said armature for providing a primary cir across said primary brush set for controlling the energization of said third field exciting winding, cuit through said armature, a primary load cir means including a fourth field exciting Winding cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated with the arranged to produce a component of flux along locomotive or car, means for connecting said 0 primary load circuit across said primary brush the commutating axis of said secondary brush set set, a source of substantially constant potential 10 for regulating the power output of said metadyne electrical power supply, means for connecting generator, and means dependent upon an oper said source of electrical power supply across said ating characteristic of said metadyne generator primary brush set, a fleld exciting winding ar and including an auxiliary generator for ener 5 ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux gizing said fourth field exciting winding. along the commutating axis of said primary 5 18. A power system for locomotives or cars in brush set, means for energizing said field excit cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator ing Winding in accordance with an electrical having an armature driven by said prime mover, characteristic of said primary load circuit, means means including a primary brush set associated including a secondary brush set electrically dis with said armature for providing a primary cir placed from said primary brush set and asso 20 cuit through said armature, a primary load cir. ciated with said armature for providing a second cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated with the ary circuit through said armature, a second field locomotive or car, means for connecting said exciting winding arranged to produce a com primary load circuit across said primary brush 2. 5 ponent of magnetic flux along the commutating set, a source of substantially constant potential axis of Said secondary brush set, means for ener 25 electric power supply, means for connecting said gizing Said Second field exciting winding in ac source of electrical power supply across said pri mary brush set, a field exciting winding ar cordance with the current in said primary arma ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux ture circuit, a driving motor for the locomotive 30 Or car, and means for connecting said driving along the commutating axis of said primary motor across said secondary brush set. 30 brush set, means for energizing said field exciting 21. A power system for locomotives or cars in winding in accordance with an electrical char cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator acteristic of said primary load circuit, means having an armature driven by said prime mover, including a secondary brush set electrically dis means including a primary brush set associated placed from said primary brush set and asso with said arnature for providing a primary cir ciated with said armature for providing a second cuit through said armature, a primary load cir ary circuit through said armature, a driving cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated with the motor, and means for connecting said driving locomotive or car, means for connecting said pri motor across said secondary brush set. 40 mary load circuit across said primary brush set, 19. A power system for locomotives or cars in a source of substantially constant potential elec O cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator trical power supply, means for connecting said having an armature driven by said prime mover, Source of electrical power supply across said pri means including a primary brush set associated mary brush Set, a field exciting winding arranged with said armature for providing a primary cir to produce a component of magnetic flux along 45 cuit through said armature, a primary load cir the commutating axis of said primary brush set, cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated with the means for energizing said field exciting winding locomotive or car, means for connecting said in accordance with an electrical characteristic primary load circuit across said primary brush set, of said primary load circuit, means including a a source of substantially constant potential elec Secondary brush set electrically displaced from 50 trical power supply, means for connecting said Said primary brush set and associated with said source of electrical power supply across said armature for providing a secondary circuit primary brush set, a field exciting winding ar through said armature, a driving motor for the ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux locomotive or car, m3ans for connecting said along the commutating axis of Said primary driving notor across said secondary brush set, 5 5 brush set, means for energizing said field excit a second field exciting winding arranged to pro ing winding in accordance with an electrical duce a component of magnetic flux along the 5 5 characteristic of said primary load circuit, means commutating axis of said primary brush set, and including a secondary brush set electrically dis means dependent upon the electrical potential placed from said primary brush set and asso (50 across said primary brush set for energizing said ciated with said armature for providing a second second field exciting winding. (5) ary circuit through said armature, a second field 22. A power system for locomotives or cars in exciting winding arranged to produce a com cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator ponent of magnetic flux along the commutating having an armature driven by said prime mover, axis of said primary brush set, means dependent means including a primary brush set associated upon the electrical potential across said pri with said armature for providing a primary cir (5.5 mary brush set and dependent upon the electrical cuit through said armature, a primary load cir potential across said secondary brush set for cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated with the energizing said second field exciting winding, a locomotive or car, means for connecting said pri driving motor for the locomotive or car, means mary load circuit across said primary brush set, for connecting Said driving motor across said a source of substantially constant potential elec secondary brush set, and means including a third trical power supply, means for connecting said field exciting winding arranged to produce a Source of electrical power supply across said pri component of magnetic flux along the com mary brush set, a field exciting winding arranged mutating axis of said secondary brush set for to produce a component of magnetic flux along 75 controlling the current in said secondary circuit. the commutating axis of said primary brush set, 75 S 2,072,768 ond field exciting winding arranged to produce means for energizing said field exciting winding a component of magnetic flux along the commu in accordance with an electrical characteristic tating axis of said Secondary brush set, means of said primary load circuit, means including a for energizing said second field exciting winding secondary brush set electrically displaced from in accordance with an electrical characteristic of 5 5 said primary brush set and associated with Said armature for providing a secondary circuit Said primary circuit, a third field exciting wind through said armature, a driving motor for the ing arranged to produce a component of mag locomotive or car, means for connecting said netic flux along the commutating axis of said driving motor across said secondary brush set, a primary brush set, and means dependent upon 0 second field exciting winding arranged to pro the electrical potential across said primary brush 10 duce a component of magnetic flux along the Set for controlling the energization of said third commutating axis of said secondary brush Set, field exciting winding. and means dependent upon the speed of said 25. A power System for locomotives or cars metadyne generator for energizing said second including a prime mover, a metadyne generator 5 field exciting winding. having an armature driven by said prime mover, 23. A power system for locomotives or cars in- . means including a primary brush set associated cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator With Said armature for providing a primary cir having an armature driven by said prime mover, cuit through said armature, a primary load cir means including a primary brush Set associated cuit for Supplying auxiliaries associated with the 20 with said armature for providing a primary cir locomotive or car, means for connecting said pri 20 cuit through said armature, a primary load cir mary load circuit across said primary brush set, cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated With the a Source of substantially constant potential elec locomotive or car, means for connecting said pri trical power Supply, means for connecting said mary load circuit across said primary brush Set, Source of electrical power supply across said a source of substantially constant potential elec primary brush set, a field exciting winding ar trical power supply, means for connecting said ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux source of electrical power supply acroSS Said pri along the commutating axis of said primary mary brush set, a field exciting winding arranged brush set, means for energizing said field exciting to produce a component of magnetic flux along winding in accordance with an electrical char 80 the commutating axis of said primary brush set, acteristic of Said primary load circuit, means 30 means for energizing said field exciting winding including a secondary brush set electrically dis in accordance with an electrical characteristic of placed from said primary brush set and associ said primary load circuit, means including a Sec ated with Said armature for providing a sec ondary brush set electrically displaced from said Ondary circuit through said armature, a driving 35 primary brush set and associated with said arma motor for the locomotive or car, means for con ture for providing a secondary circuit through necting said driving motor across said secondary said armature, a driving motor for the locomo brushes, a second field exciting winding arranged tive or car, means for connecting said driving to produce a component of magnetic flux along motor across said secondary brush set, a second the commutating axis of said secondary brush 40 field exciting winding arranged to produce a Set, means for energizing said second field ex 40 component of magnetic flux along the commu citing winding in accordance with an electrical tating axis of said primary brush set, means de characteristic of said primary armature circuit, pendent upon the electrical potential acroSS Said a third field exciting winding arranged to produce primary brush set for energizing said second field a component of magnetic flux along the com 45 exciting winding, a third field exciting winding mutating axis of Said primary brush set, means 45 arranged to produce a component of magnetic dependent upon the electrical potential across Said primary brush Set for controlling the ener flux along the commutating axis of said second gization of Said third field exciting winding, a ary brush set, and means for energizing said fourth field exciting winding for said metadyne third field exciting winding in accordance with generator arranged to produce a component of 50 an electrical characteristic of said primary arma flux along the commutating axis of said secondary ture circuit. brush Set, and means dependent upon an operat 24. A power system for locomotives. Or cal's in ing characteristic of said generator and includ cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator ing a dynamo-electric machine for energizing having an armature driven by said prime mover, 5 5 555 5 means including a primary brush set associated said fourth field exciting winding. with said armature for providing a primary cir 26. A power system for locomotives or cars cuit through said armature, a primary load cir including a prime mover, a metadyne generator cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated with the having an armature driven by said prime mover, locomotive or car, means for connecting Said means including a primary brush set associated 60 primary load circuit across said primary brush With Said armature for providing a primary circuit 60 set, a source of substantially constant potential through said armature, a primary load circuit for electrical power supply, means for connecting said Supplying auxiliaries associated with the locomo source of electrical power Supply acroSS said pri tive or car, means for connecting said primary load mary brush set, a field exciting winding arranged to circuit across said primary brush set, a source of i5 produce a component of magnetic flux along the Substantially constant potential electrical power commutating axis of Said primary brush set, Supply, means for connecting said source of elec means for energizing said field exciting winding trical power Supply across said primary brush in accordance with an electrical characteristic of Set, a field exciting winding arranged to produce said primary load circuit, means including a sec a component of magnetic flux along the com it ondary brush set electrically displaced from said mutating axis of said primary brush set, means primary brush set and associated with said arma for energizing said field exciting Winding in ac ture for providing a secondary circuit through Cordance with an electrical characteristic of said said armature, a driving motor for the loco primary load circuit, means including a Secondary motive or car, means for connecting said driv brush Set electrically displaced from said primary 5 ing motor acroSS Said Secondary brush set, a sec brush Set and associated with said armature for 2,072,768 9 providing a secondary circuit through said arma mature for providing a secondary circuit through ture, a driving motor for said locomotive or car, means for Connecting said driving motor across said armature, a driving motor for the locomotive said secondary brush set, and means dependent Or car, means for connecting said driving motor upon the voltage across said primary brush set acroSS Said Secondary brush set, means dependent for maintaining the voltage thereacross substan upon the voltage across said primary brush set tially constant. for maintaining the voltage thereacross substan 27. A power system for locomotives or cars in tially constant, a second field exciting winding ar cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator ranged to produce a component of magnetic flux O along the commutating axis of said secondary having an armature driven by said prime mover, brush set, and means for energizing said second O means including a primary brush set associated field exciting winding in accordance with an elec with said armature for providing a primary cir trical characteristic of said primary armature cuit through said armature, a primary load cir circuit. cuit for Supplying auxiliaries associated with the 5 29. A power system for locomotives or cars in locomotive or car, means for connecting said cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator 5 primary load circuit across said primary brush Set, an electric battery, means for connecting said having an armature driven by said prime mover, electric battery across said primary brush set, a means including a primary brush set associated field exciting winding arranged to produce a com with said armature for providing a primary cir 20 cuit through said armature, a primary load cir ponent of magnetic flux along the commutating cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated with the 20 axis of Said primary brush Set, means for ener locomotive or car, means for connecting said pri gizing said field exciting winding in accordance mary load circuit across said primary brush set, with an electrical characteristic of said primary a Source of substantially constant potential elec 25 load circuit, means including a secondary brush trical power supply, means for connecting said set electrically displaced from said primary brush Source of electrical power supply across said pri 25 set and associated with said armature for pro mary brush set, a field exciting winding arranged viding the secondary circuit through said arma to produce a component of magnetic flux along ture, a driving motor for the locomotive or car, the commutating axis of said primary brush set, 30 means for connecting said driving motor across means for energizing said field exciting winding said secondary brush set, and means dependent in accordance with an electrical characteristic 30 upon the voltage across said primary brush set for of Said primary load circuit, means including a maintaining the voltage thereacross and the volt Secondary brush set electrically displaced from age of said battery substantially constant. said primary brush set and associated with Said 28. A power system for locomotives or cars in armature for providing a secondary circuit cluding a prime mover, a metadyne generator through said armature, a driving motor for the 35 having an armature driven by said prime mover, locomotive or car, means for connecting said means including a primary brush set associated driving motor across Said secondary brush set, with said armature for providing a primary cir a second field exciting winding arranged to pro cuit through said armature, a primary load Cir duce a component of magnetic flux along the cuit for supplying auxiliaries associated with the commutating axis of said Secondary brush set, 40 locomotive or car, means for connecting said pri means for energizing said second field exciting mary load circuit across said primary brush set, Winding in accordance with an electrical charac a source of substantially constant potential elec teristic of said primary armature circuit, means trical power supply, means for connecting said dependent upon the voltage across said primary source of electrical power supply across said pri brush set for maintaining the voltage thereacross 45 mary brush set, a field exciting winding arranged substantially constant, a third field acciting to produce a component of magnetic flux along winding for Said metadyne generator arranged the commutating axis of said primary brush set, to produce a component of flux along the com means for energizing said field exciting windings mutating axis of said secondary brush set, and in accordance with an electrical characteristic of means dependent upon the speed of Said gen said primary load circuit, means including a sec erator and including a dynamo-electric machine ondary brush set electrically displaced from said for energizing said third field exciting winding. primary brush set and associated with said ar JOSEPH MAXIMUS PESTARINI,