Additional file 1. The Primer information of DEGs for q-PCR validation

Gene Sequence of primer(5'→3') Tm(℃） Length(bp) F: TGTTTGCTCTAAGCCTGGTTG NewGene_126260 59 113 R: CGGTCGCTAAGGGGAAGTT F: CTCAACAAAGCCGTCTGGG NewGene_41572 61 96 R: TGGGGAATCTTCATCCTCATT F: AGGAGCCCAAAACCGAAGA MME 63.3 184 R: GCTGACCAAGAAGTACCGTATGT F: AAAGCCCTTCAGTCAGCACG NewGene_70974 63.3 141 R: CCAGTCACAAGCAGCAAACC F: GCACAAGGCAGTCATGTTGC FAM43A 63.3 117 R: CGTTTAAATTCCGCCAGAGC F: ACGGCAGCCCAAATACCCT LOC108177184 63.3 147 R: GCCTTGACATCCACAATGAACA F: ATGTTTGTGATGGGCGTGAA GAPDH 58 94 R: GGAGGCAGGGATGATGTTCT F: GCTGACCTGCTGGATTAT HPRT1 58 135 R: ATCTCCACCGATTACTTT

Additional file 2. Summary and quality assessment of RNA-Seq data Raw Clean Raw Clean Effective Q20 Q30 GC Sample Reads Reads Bases(Gb) Bases(Gb) Rate(%) (%) (%) (%) MR-1 128008342 125607312 19.2 18.84 98.12 97.46 93.74 50.78 MR-2 125804790 122452284 18.87 18.37 97.34 97.45 93.65 50.23 TR-1 128011648 124452604 19.2 18.67 97.22 97.33 93.35 51.65 TR-2 127085532 123882470 19.06 18.58 97.48 97.45 93.66 49.5 TR-3 127994130 124635486 19.2 18.7 97.38 97.3 93.3 51.18 YR-1 128014314 125504116 19.2 18.83 98.04 97.56 93.95 49.98 YR-2 127974678 124512778 19.2 18.68 97.29 97.42 93.57 50.04 YR-3 123173408 120110494 18.48 18.02 97.51 97.28 93.32 49.55 Note: Sample represents the name of the sample. Raw Reads represents the original sequence data. Clean reads represents the filtered sequenced data. Raw bases represents the number of raw sequence data multiplied by the length of the paired-end reads. Clean bases indicates the number of fitered clean reads multiplied by the length of the paired-end reads. Q30(%) represents the percentage of total bases that have Phred value greater than 30. GC(%) represents the percentage of GC of the total bases.

Additional file 3. Alignment information of clean reads with reference genome Uniq Multiple Total Mapped Reads Reads Sample Mapped Mapped Reads Reads Map to '+' Map to '-' Reads Reads MR-1 125607312 88.54% 85.92% 2.62% 43.49% 43.89% MR-2 122452284 89.79% 87.06% 2.73% 44.22% 44.45% TR-1 124452604 88.72% 85.97% 2.75% 43.78% 43.92% TR-2 123882470 90.02% 87.67% 2.35% 44.45% 44.61% TR-3 124635486 89.14% 86.54% 2.60% 43.93% 44.14% YR-1 125504116 90.44% 87.99% 2.45% 44.41% 44.87% YR-2 124512778 89.68% 87.17% 2.51% 44.29% 44.41% YR-3 120110494 89.94% 87.61% 2.33% 44.46% 44.59% Note: Mapped reads: Reads compared to the reference genome; Unique mapped reads: reads aligned to the unique position of the reference genome; Multiple mapped reads: reads compared to multiple positions of the reference genome; Reads Map to '+': the number of Reads compared to the justice chain; Reads Map to '- ': the number of Reads compared to the ungrateful chain.

Additional file 4. Transcript quantity statistics of different expression level intervals in each group

Expression inteval(FPKM)a YR MR TR 0～0.5 83443(84.51%) 74098(83.01%) 80139(84.48%) 0.5～1 6002(6.08%) 6001(6.72%) 5841(6.16%) 1～5 6678(6.76% 6464(7.24%) 6209(6.55%) 5～10 1115(1.13%) 1150(1.29%) 1146(1.21%) 10～50 1172(1.19%) 1186(1.33%) 1173(1.23%) ≥50 328(0.33%) 362(0.41%) 355(0.37%) Total 98738(100%) 89261(100%) 94863(100%) Note：a represent the average expression level in each group.

Additional file 5. The information of 133 protein-coding gene which related to adipose growth and maturation Gene Chromo short GeneID Description some name ENSOCUG000 ECHS1 18 enoyl-CoA hydratase, short chain 1 00000473 ENSOCUG000 NDUFS4 11 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 00000790 ENSOCUG000 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit PRKAA1 11 00000897 alpha 1 ENSOCUG000 PLA2G1B 21 phospholipase A2 group IB 00001105 ENSOCUG000 HACD2 14 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 2 00001175 ENSOCUG000 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor JUN 13 00001212 subunit ENSOCUG000 NR1H3 1 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 00002095 ENSOCUG000 CD36 7 CD36 molecule 00002492 ENSOCUG000 ACAT1 1 acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 00002882 ENSOCUG000 FABP2 15 fatty acid binding protein 2 00003293 ENSOCUG000 protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit PRKAG3 7 00003384 gamma 3 ENSOCUG000 ACSL5 18 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5 00003593 ENSOCUG000 GOT2 5 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 00003871 ENSOCUG000 PLA2G3 21 phospholipase A2 group III 00004123 ENSOCUG000 PLA2G2F 13 phospholipase A2 group IIF 00004126 ENSOCUG000 NDUFA2 3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A2 00004237 ENSOCUG000 ADH5 15 alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide 00004263 ENSOCUG000 NDUFC1 15 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit C1 00004419 ENSOCUG000 PLPP1 11 phospholipid phosphatase 1 00004472 ENSOCUG000 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase PIK3CB 14 00004899 catalytic subunit beta ENSOCUG000 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit PRKAA2 13 00004942 alpha 2 ENSOCUG000 ACSL4 X acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 00005010 ENSOCUG000 NDUFB6 1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B6 00005089 ENSOCUG000 PIK3R1 11 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 00005116 ENSOCUG000 ABCG5 2 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5 00005300 ENSOCUG000 APOB 2 apolipoprotein B 00005329 ENSOCUG000 ELOVL4 12 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 4 00005334 ENSOCUG000 AGPAT1 12 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1 00005498 ENSOCUG000 SCD5 15 stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 00005937 ENSOCUG000 NDUFS3 1 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 00006359 ENSOCUG000 protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit PRKAG2 13 00006463 gamma 2 ENSOCUG000 PLA2G2E 13 phospholipase A2 group IIE 00006574 ENSOCUG000 ACADL 7 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain 00006625 ENSOCUG000 CASP3 2 caspase 3 00006627 ENSOCUG000 PECR 7 peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase 00006636 ENSOCUG000 ACADVL 19 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long chain 00006966 ENSOCUG000 CASP8 7 caspase 8 00007128 ENSOCUG000 IRS1 7 insulin receptor substrate 1 00007187 ENSOCUG000 BCL2L11 2 BCL2 like 11 00007385 ENSOCUG000 HACD3 17 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 3 00007513 PNLIPRP ENSOCUG000 18 pancreatic lipase related protein 1 1 00008178 ENSOCUG000 FAS 18 Fas cell surface death receptor 00008202 ENSOCUG000 PLA2G5 13 phospholipase A2 group V 00008356 NDUFB1 ENSOCUG000 X NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B11 1 00008371 ENSOCUG000 ACADS 21 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain 00008379 ENSOCUG000 protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit PRKAG1 4 00008409 gamma 1 NDUFAB ENSOCUG000 6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit AB1 1 00008457 ENSOCUG000 IL1A 2 interleukin 1 alpha 00008771 ENSOCUG000 ABCA1 1 ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 00009279 ENSOCUG000 protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit PRKAB2 13 00009325 beta 2 ENSOCUG000 hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional HADHA 2 00009786 multienzyme complex subunit alpha ENSOCUG000 COX6A1 21 cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa 00009873 ENSOCUG000 NDUFV2 9 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V2 00009899 TNFRSF1 ENSOCUG000 8 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A A 00010146 ALDH7A ENSOCUG000 3 aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1 1 00010185 ENSOCUG000 LEP 7 leptin 00010189 ALDH9A ENSOCUG000 13 aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family member A1 1 00010380 ENSOCUG000 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase PIK3CA 14 00010631 catalytic subunit alpha ENSOCUG000 MAPK10 15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 00010663 ENSOCUG000 APOA1 1 apolipoprotein A1 00010728 ENSOCUG000 CASP7 18 caspase 7 00011041 ENSOCUG000 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase PIK3CD 13 00011054 catalytic subunit delta ENSOCUG000 NDUFB3 7 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 00011069 ENSOCUG000 APOA4 1 apolipoprotein A4 00011233 ENSOCUG000 ELOVL1 13 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 1 00011349 ENSOCUG000 ELOVL5 12 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5 00011469 PLA2G2 ENSOCUG000 13 phospholipase A2 group IID D 00011594 ENSOCUG000 CXCL8 15 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 00011835 ENSOCUG000 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit EIF2S1 20 00012023 alpha ENSOCUG000 ERN1 19 endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 00012090 ENSOCUG000 enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA EHHADH 14 00012197 dehydrogenase ENSOCUG000 NDUFS1 7 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 00012368 ENSOCUG000 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase EIF2AK3 2 00012451 3 ENSOCUG000 LIPF 18 lipase F, gastric type 00012478 ENSOCUG000 ACOT7 13 acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 00012605 ENSOCUG000 MECR 13 mitochondrial trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase 00012645 ENSOCUG000 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase PIK3CG 7 00012739 catalytic subunit gamma ENSOCUG000 PPT1 13 palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 00012796 ENSOCUG000 ELOVL2 12 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 00013017 ENSOCUG000 ACSL6 3 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 6 00013062 ENSOCUG000 ELOVL6 15 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 6 00013069 ENSOCUG000 MTTP 15 microsomal triglyceride transfer protein 00013288 ENSOCUG000 NDUFS2 13 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S2 00013512 ENSOCUG000 ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III UQCRQ 3 00013627 subunit VII ENSOCUG000 ACADM 13 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain 00013662 ENSOCUG000 MOGAT2 1 monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 00014215 ENSOCUG000 DGAT2 1 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 00014223 ENSOCUG000 HADH 15 hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase 00014271 ENSOCUG000 ACACA 19 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha 00014453 ENSOCUG000 GSK3B 14 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta 00014932 ENSOCUG000 PKLR 13 pyruvate kinase L/R 00014969 ENSOCUG000 ACSL3 7 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3 00014970 ENSOCUG000 ABCG8 2 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 8 00015038 ENSOCUG000 MLX 19 MLX, MAX dimerization protein 00015210 ENSOCUG000 ITCH 4 itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 00015354 ENSOCUG000 OXSM 14 3-oxoacyl-ACP synthase, mitochondrial 00015384 ENSOCUG000 MAP3K5 12 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 00015434 ENSOCUG000 AKT3 16 AKT serine/threonine kinase 3 00015901 PLA2G12 ENSOCUG000 18 phospholipase A2 group XIIB B 00016043 ENSOCUG000 ELOVL3 18 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3 00016071 ENSOCUG000 protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit PRKAB1 21 00016312 beta 1 HSD17B1 ENSOCUG000 1 hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 12 2 00016351 ENSOCUG000 IL6R 13 interleukin 6 receptor 00016354 ENSOCUG000 ACAA2 9 acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 00016540 ENSOCUG000 CPT2 13 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 00016639 ENSOCUG000 FABP1 2 fatty acid binding protein 1 00016960 ENSOCUG000 ADIPOR2 8 adiponectin receptor 2 00017118 ENSOCUG000 LEPR 13 leptin receptor 00017347 ENSOCUG000 NDUFB5 14 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B5 00017887 ENSOCUG000 NFKB1 15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 00021712 ENSOCUG000 PIK3R5 19 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 00022712 ENSOCUG000 NPC1L1 10 NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 00023032 ENSOCUG000 ADH2-2 15 alcohol dehydrogenase class-2 isozyme 2 00023401 ALDH1B ENSOCUG000 1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member B1 1 00023726 ENSOCUG000 IL1B 2 interleukin 1 beta 00023958 ENSOCUG000 NDUFS5 13 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S5 00024417 ENSOCUG000 CLPS 12 colipase 00024610 ENSOCUG000 NDUFB9 3 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B9 00025074 ENSOCUG000 ADH2-1 15 alcohol dehydrogenase class-2 isozyme 1 00026033 ENSOCUG000 ADIPOQ 14 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing 00026268 ENSOCUG000 alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha ADH1A 15 00026540 polypeptide ENSOCUG000 IL6 10 interleukin 6 00027471 ENSOCUG000 ELOVL7 11 ELOVL fatty acid elongase 7 00027529 ENSOCUG000 FASLG 13 Fas ligand 00028219 ENSOCUG000 COX1 MT cytochrome c oxidase subunit I 00029096 ENSOCUG000 COX2 MT cytochrome c oxidase subunit II 00029099 ENSOCUG000 COX3 MT cytochrome c oxidase subunit III 00029103 ENSOCUG000 CYTB MT cytochrome b 00029115 ENSOCUG000 NDUFB4 14 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4 00029140 ENSOCUG000 NDUFA4 10 NDUFA4, mitochondrial complex associated 00029372 ENSOCUG000 PLA2G2C 13 phospholipase A2 group IIC 00029586 ENSOCUG000 PNLIP 18 pancreatic lipase 00029602 ENSOCUG000 HACD4 1 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase 4 00029669