DOCSLIB.ORG

Translation Series No. 582

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Translation Series No. 582 ARCHIVES FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA . Translation Series No. 582 WATER POLLUTION DUE TO WASTE FROM SULPHATE PULP FACTORIES By Hilding Bergstrbm and Sten Vallin Original title: Vattenfbrorening genom avloppsvattnet fran sulfatcellulosafabriker. From: Meddelanden frgn Statenp undersUnings- och F5reksansta1t f5r.etvattensfisket, No-. 13, 1 19 pp., 1937. Kungl. LantbruksstYrelsen. (Mitteilungen der Anstalt fnr, Binnenfischerei , bel Drottningholm, Stockholm.). , Translated by Lari_Ohman Bureau for Translations, Foreign Language Division, .Department of theSecretary of State of Canada Distributed'by: Fisheries Research Board of Canada Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B. 1965 Swedish State Agricultural Board Report from the State Institute for the Investigation of Fresh Water Fishery. No. 13. Water contamination due-to the waste water from sulphate pulp factories. By Hilding Bergstrbm and Sten Vallin. With 10 tables. Page 3 HarmÈul effects due to the waste water from a sulphate factory in a water course has been subject to previous investigations by among others Ebeling, Klingstedt and Vallin, in particular with regard to fishery. The oxygen content of the water, the relative per- centage of dissolved organic substance détermined by permanganate consumption, reaction or pH-value and sulphide reaction usually do not give any appreciable indications of the contamination of the water, apart from a limited area immediately downstream of the factory drainage. In spite of this it has in certain cases been found, sometimes at a rather long distance from the factory, a noticeable poisonous effect on existing fish, in more severe cases resulting in fish death and a more or less pronounced deterioration of the taste of the fish due to stestances contained in the waste water from the factory, which effect could have been prevailing even if the fish otherwise seemed unaffected. At the mentioned investi- gations it has been shown also by comparative experiments with pure substances, that among those in the waste water existing organic compounds the resin acids are a highly effective poison for fishes. Primarily, the effect on the water course has been investigated and in certain cases the poisonous effect of the total waste water. However, in order to establish what actions should be taken for the operation of a sulphate factory in order to reduce as much as possible the damaging effect of the waste water, it is necessary to investigate the effect of different kinds of fluid in the waste water, which are generated during the manufacturing process,-- different groups of condensate, diffusion water, rinse water, "slime" water, etc. It is of course also necessary to take into account the quantitieis of the different kinds of the waste fluids in order to get a correct picture of the rele they play in the total waste water. The present investigation has been performed in accordance with the mentioned viewpoints. Chemical investigations, the determination of the amount of various waste products,etc., has been made by the Carbonization Laboratory (Kolningslaboratoriet) in Stockholm, the investigations of the Poisonous effects of the various waste fluids by the State Institute for the Investigation of Fresh Water Fishery, Drottningholm. • - At the investigation of poisonous effects the Institute's filtered P. Mâlarwater has been used as diluting water. It has a_ pH value of about 7.3 and an alkalinity corresponding to about 1.00 cubiccenti- meter 1-normal HC1 per liter. In all series of experiments where the pH-value in the various samples have exceeded 8, it has been regulated with hydrochloric acid to some value between 7.0 and 8.0, usually between 7.2 and 7.6. In order that the fish will be affected by the acidity or alkality only, a pH value below 5.0 or above • about 9.0 is required. Oneliter samples have been used at the experiments and therefore only relatively small test fishes, 5 to 6 cm long, could be considered --Spa11 roaches, summerlings of salmon and in some cases perch. The fish have, before,the experiments, been kept in the Institutes' aquariums with through flowing water. Moderate airing has been done during the experiments with alkaline fluids, diffusions water etc., where otherwise com- paratively rapid oxygen reduction could occur. On the other hand has airing not been done at most experiments with condensate products, etc. The test time has been about 5 days or somewhat more. The solutions have been renewed once a day during the experiments in order to prevent a marked reduction of the poisonous effects, in particular when concerning the samples with airing. The following number code has been used in the records to indicate the condition of the fishes during the course of the experiments. Code 0 = No effect 1 = Swlmming around somewhat restlessly 2 = Swimming aroUnd restlessly. Breathing accelerated. 3 . Swimming at intervals, in between the body stiff. 4 = Spasmodic trembling. 5 = Noticeable balance disturbances during swimming. 6 = At times resting in side - or recumbent position. = Swims (rushes) against the surface and falls back in side - or recumbent position 8 = Stays more constant at rest in side - or recumbent position at the surface or the bottom. The respiratory motions still noticeable. = Stays constahtly at rest in side - or recumbent position. Long intervals between the respiratory motions. Dead. 0 = No effect. 1 = MinUte effect. - -7-11(5tie#ab1e -'efrect. T 7 =:Strong -effect. 8 9 =1,rer'y strong effect. Page.5 Such a nuMprical scale for the gradation of the poisonous effects Makes it easier to keep record of the experiments, make the record more perspicuous and can also be used for graphically representing the course of the poisonous' effects. -3 In order to obtain a better perspicuity of the quantitative importance of the various waste fluids with regard to water impurities the concept of poison unit has been introduced. Thus a fluid contains e.g. 500 poison units per liter if it requires a dilution of at least 500 times of fresh water in order that a salmon-fry can survive in the diluted solution for 5 days. This definition of the concept poison unit is of course to some extent related to the special conditions of that water course at which the factory concerning this investigation is situated. The most important kind of fish in this water course is salmon. In particular the 2- to 3-year old salmon-fries, from the point of view fishing, are the most important resources. At this investigation as well as at previous investi- gations it has been found that the salmon-fries are much more sensitive than other fishes used, roach and perch, to the waste water from a sulphate factory. The determinatiOn of the number of poison units of the various waste fluids has to some extent been estimated approximately. If it was found during the experiments that the salmon-fry in a dilution of 1:20 died already after 2 to 3 days, but in a dilution of 1:40 was hardly or not at all affected after a minimum of 5 days, the number of poison units was estimated to 30 per liter. In some cases, even at the most diluted solution, the salmon-fry has died with'in a shorter time than 5 days. In such cases the number of poison units has been estimated somewhat higher than the mentioned most diluted solution. The following fluids from a sulphate pulp factory are those which essentially can be assumed to have a polluting effect on the water courses and damage the fishing in these. 10 Çondensate . of steam from the pulp boilers = boiler condensate, 2. Condensate of steam from the diffusion containers = 'diffusion condensate.„ 3. Condensate of steam from the evaporation of the sulphate air = air condensate. 4. Fluid that follows the pulp from the diffusion containers = diffusion water. 5. Water that follows the slime = slime water. The amount of these fluids and their compositions can vary for different factories. At the factory related to the present investi- gation the raw turpentine oil was separated from the condensate and is thus not included in these. The lye has been evaporated 10° to about 289 B. The condensate has been let out from the conden- sers at about 30°. The soap separated from the lye has been treated on liquid resin. The diffusion containers have usually been rinsed. As an example it can be mentioned that the following quantities of the above-mentioned waste fluids resulted from 1 ton of pulp manu- factured: 350 1 . Boiler condensate 000.0090000 OOOOOOO 90000000 liter 2. Diffusion condensate 0000000 OOOOO 00090000000 600 liter 3. Air condensate .••a00000•e•oo•osee•seo••ou 5000 liter 4. Diffusion water .••...•......•.............. 32000 liter .2 • Slime water 00000000000 OOOOO o OOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 1400 liter In addition comes about 5 times as much volume of water, mainly rinse water for the pulp. The total amount àf waste water per.ton pulp was therefore in this case 240.000 liter. The results of the experiments concerning the poisonous effects of the various waste-fluids are presented in Tables 1-VIII after the text. They are summarized in the table below. Thus for the pro- cessing of 1 ton pulp per hour a waterflow of at least 9.700.00 liter per hour (the waste water from the f1uid included), assuming that all these waste fluids were disposed off without 'pretreatment and that their poisonous effects remained unchanged, • is required in order that a salmon-fry could survive at least 5 days in the mixture of river water + wuste water from the factory concerned. Thus a minimum water flow of 2.4 m per second is required for the processing of 1 ton pulp per hour under the above-mentioned conditions. Table 1 Poison units Per ton pulp Waste fluids per liter liter poison units .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On the Reticular Tissue and Lattice=Fibers Occurring in the Milk=Spots of Omentum
    On the Reticular Tissue and Lattice=fibers occurring in the Milk=spots of Omentum. By Dr. Yukio Hamazaki. From the Pathological Department of Okayama Medical College (Director: Prof. Oto Tam ura). 2 Figures (Plate III) and 3 Text Figures. Ranvier and Weide n reic h regarded the omentum as a flattened- out lymph gland and the abdominal cavity as its lymph sinus. The latter, furthermore, theoretically emphasized that the omentum is nothing but a sheet of reticular tissue, the "taches laiteuses" correspond- ing to the secondary nodules. Lately, Kiy ono agreed with the above view, though lie pointed out that the histiocytic cells in the milk-spots do not form reticular tissue, unlike those in the lymph glands. At the Fifteenth Pathological Congress of Japan (1925) I reported that the milk-spots in the rat, cattle, and pig are provided with a certain kind of reticular tissue. The purpose of the present paper is to settle this problem using specific stainings for the reticular fibers and for the lattice-fibers ("Gitterfasern" of v. Kupffer), which may be in an intiniate relation with them. Material and methods. The material was obtained from the cattle, pig , dog, cat, rabbit, guinea-pig, rat, mouse, chicken and human subject. As the control the organs containing reticular tissue, i. e., lymph glands , spleen and thymus gland were also examined. The material fixed with 10% solution of lormalin was studied as stretched specimens and as sections . For reticulum-staining the eosin-methyl blue method modified by the author was used: 1. Sections are stained for 30 minutes in 1% solution of eosin (a few drops of glacial acetic acid is added to 100 cc of the solution) .
    [Show full text]
  • Avian Blood. the Transformed Cells Occurred in Incubated Blood
    THE FORMATION OF MACROPHAGES, EPITHEIID CELLS AND GIANT CELLS FROM LEUCOCYTES IN INCUBATED BLOOD * MAGARET REED LEWIS (From th Carxge Laboratory of Embryology, Johns Hopkixs edical Scho) While tissue cultures would seem to afford an appropriate technic for the study of the part taken by the white blood-cells in various conditions, this method has seldom been employed. In 1914 Awro- row and Tlmofejewskij studied the white blood-cells of leukemic blood in plasma cultures, Loeb (i92o) followed the amebocytes of the king crab in dotted blood, and Carrel (192I) observed the growth of the buffy coat of the centrifuged blood of the adult chicken in plasma cultures. The method by which the observations incor- porated in this paper were made is simpler than that of any of the above investigators, consisting merely of the incubation of hanging drops of blood taken, by means of a paraffined pipette, either from the heart or from the peripheral circulation. The transformation and growth of the leucocytes into macro- phages, epithelioid cells, and giant cells were observed in the blood of the chick embryo, young chicken, adult hen, mouse, guinea-pig and dog, and i human blood. In every kind of blood emined there developed first a large wandering cell, several times larger than any of the normal leucocytes, which was phagocytic for red blood- cells, melanin granules, carbon partides, dead granulocytes, and tuberde bacili Somewhat later there appeared a cell more like a prmitive mesenchyme cell, and still later the epithelioid cell was formed. This cell was sometimes binudeate and in some instances a :ypical multinudeated giant cell (Lahans giant cell) was formed.
    [Show full text]
  • Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology
    Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 5 Tissues Four major tissue types 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous 2 Epithelial Tissues General characteristics - • cover organs and the body • line body cavities • line hollow organs • have a free surface • have a basement membrane • avascular • cells readily divide • cells tightly packed • cells often have desmosomes • function in protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion • classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers 3 Epithelial Tissues Simple squamous – Simple cuboidal – • single layer of flat cells • single layer of cube-shaped • substances pass easily through cells • line air sacs • line kidney tubules • line blood vessels • cover ovaries • line lymphatic vessels • line ducts of some glands 4 Epithelial Tissues Simple columnar – Pseudostratified columnar – • single layer of elongated cells • single layer of elongated cells • nuclei usually near the basement • nuclei at two or more levels membrane at same level • appear striated • sometimes possess cilia • often have cilia • sometimes possess microvilli • often have goblet cells • often have goblet cells • line respiratory passageways • line uterus, stomach, intestines 5 Epithelial Tissues Stratified squamous – Stratified cuboidal – • many cell layers • 2-3 layers • top cells are flat • cube-shaped cells • can accumulate keratin • line ducts of mammary glands, • outer layer of skin sweat glands, salivary glands, • line oral cavity, vagina, and and the pancreas anal canal 6 Epithelial Tissues Stratified
    [Show full text]
  • (Outcome 5.1.1) 1. Cells Are Organized Into ______
    Shier, Butler, and Lewis: Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 13th ed. Chapter 5: Tissues Chapter 5: Tissues I. Introduction A. Introduction (Outcome 5.1.1) 1. Cells are organized into ______________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 2. Intercellular junctions connect_________________________. (Outcome 5.1.2) 3. Three types of intercellular junctions are _________________ _________________________________________________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 4. Tight junctions are located in cells that _________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 5. Tight junctions function to ___________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 6. Desmosomes are located in cells of ____________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 7. Desmosomes function to ____________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 8. Gap junctions are located in cells of the __________________ _________________________________________________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 9. Gap junctions function to ____________________________ (Outcome 5.1.3) 10. The four major types of tissues of the human body are _____ _________________________________________________________________ . II. Epithelial Tissues A. General Characteristics (Outcome 5.2.4) 1. Epithelium covers ____________________, forms ________ , and lines _________________________________________________________ . (Outcome 5.2.4) 2. Epithelial tissue always has a free _____________________ . (Outcome 5.2.4) 3. The underside of epithelial tissue is anchored by ___________ to connective tissue. (Outcome 5.2.4) 4. Epithelial tissue lacks _______________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Connective Tissue Learning Objectives * Understand the Feature and Classification of the Connective Tissue
    Connective Tissue Learning objectives * Understand the feature and classification of the connective tissue. * Understand the structure and function of varied composition of the loose connective tissue. * Know the composition of the matrix. * Know the features of fibers. * Know the composition of the ground substance. * Know the basic structure and function of the dense connective tissue, reticular tissue and adipose tissue. General characteristic: - Connective tissue is formed by cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). - It differ from the epithelium. - It has a small number of cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. - The cells in C. T have no polarity. That means they have no the free surface and the basal surface. - They are scattered throughout the ECM. - The extracellular matrix is composed of . fibers ( constitute the formed elements) , an . amorphous ground substance and . tissue fluid. - Connective tissue originate from the mesenchyme, which is embryonal C. T. The cells have multiple developmental potentialities. They have the bility to differentiate different kinds of C. T cells, endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. - Connective tissue forms a vast and continuous compartment throughout the body, bounded by the basal laminae of the various epithelia and by the basal or external laminae of muscle cells and nerve-supporting cells. - Different types of connective tissue are responsible for a variety of functions. Functions of connective tissues: The functions of the various connective tissues are reflected in the types of cells and fibers present within the tissue and the composition of the ground substance in the ECM. - Binding and packing of tissue ……….CT Proper; - Connect, anchor and support………...Tendon and ligament; - Transport of metabolites……………..Through ground substance; - Defense against infection…………….Lymphocytes, macrophages; - Repair of injury……………………….Scar tissue; - Fat storage…………………………… Adipose tissue.
    [Show full text]
  • Connective Tissue IUSM – 2016 I
    Lab 5 – Connective Tissue IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Connective Tissue II. Learning Objectives III. Keywords IV. Slides A. Types of Connective Tissue 1. Mesenchyme 2. Connective Tissue Proper a. Loose/Areolar i. Elastic fibers ii. Reticular fibers b. Dense i. Irregular ii. Regular 3. Specialized CT a. Adipose b. Cartilage (Lab 6) c. Bone (Lab 6/7) d. Blood (Lab 8) B. Resident and Wandering Cells 1. Lymphocytes 2. Plasma cells 3. Macrophages 4. Mast cells 5. Eosinophils SEM of mesenchymal stem cell. Steve Gschmeissner. V. Summary Lab 5 – Connective Tissue IUSM – 2016 Connective Tissue (CT) I. Introduction II. Learning Objectives 1. Forms the stroma of most organs, serving to connect III. Keywords and support the other primary tissue types. IV. Slides A. Types of Connective Tissue 2. Derived from embryonic mesenchyme. 1. Mesenchyme 3. Unlike the other tissue types which are composed 2. Connective Tissue Proper primarily of cells, CT consists of only a few dispersed, a. Loose/Areolar inconspicuous cells within a prominent extracellular i. Elastic fibers matrix (ECM). ii. Reticular fibers are the principal resident cells of b. Dense • Fibroblasts connective tissue, responsible for its synthesis and i. Irregular maintenance. ii. Regular 3. Specialized CT • ECM is tissue-specific and composed of protein a. Adipose fibers (collagen, reticular, and elastic) and ground b. Cartilage (Lab 6) substance (amorphous gel-like substance). c. Bone (Lab 6/7) 4. Function and classification of CT is primarily based d. Blood (Lab 8) upon the composition and organization of the B. Resident and Wandering Cells extracellular matrix and its functions. 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Rests with Its Author
    University of Bath DOCTOR OF MEDICINE The pathophysiology of osteoporosis in ankylosing spondylitis Mitra, Devashis Award date: 1995 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS Submitted by Devashis Mitra For the degree of Doctor of Medicine of the University of Bath 1995 Copyright Attention is drawn to the feet that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that the copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • University Micrailms International 300 N
    CYTOGENETIC ABNORMALITIES AND THE PROGRESSION TO INVASION IN A375P HUMAN MELANOMA CELLS IN VITRO Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Greeff, Christopher Whitney, 1961- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 27/09/2021 11:46:32 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276462 INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wandering Cells in the Loose Connective Tissue of the Bird And
    THE WANDERING CELLS IN THE LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE BIRD AND THEIR ORIGIN VERA DAKCHAKOFF Rockefeller Institute, New York C<ty The problem whether the different blood cells in the embryonic and adult organism are the products of development of various differentiated anlages, or whether there is one common anlage, the differentiation of which is controlled by definite environmental con- ditions was the object of many spirited investigations. This prob- lem is closely connected with a further question of deserving con- sideration, namely, as to whether the adult organism preserves a stock of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, endowed with a faculty of polyvalent differentiation. The purpose of this note is to summarize morphologic and ex- perimental data recently acquired, thought to aid in the elucida- tion of problems announced, concerning the wandering cells in the loose connective tissue of the hen. 1.' MORPHOLOGICAL DATA As may be gathered from the title of this communication, the loose connective tissue contains permanently a certain amount of wandering cells. This is especially true for the embryonic con- nective tissue. Just as the circulating blood contains many kinds of differentiated blood cells, so the loose connective tissue of an adult hen includes, beside the fibroblasts, many kinds of amoe- boid cells. Among these are included small lymphocytes, wan- dering histiotopic cells, granular wandering cells, Mast cells and occasionally plasma cells and true polymorphonuclear special leucocytes. All of these cells are found in the adult organism, but the majority of them appear in the embryo. They are numerous in the connective tissue of the adult hen.
    [Show full text]
  • Chorionepithelioma of the Uterus
    University of Nebraska Medical Center DigitalCommons@UNMC MD Theses Special Collections 5-1-1937 Chorionepithelioma of the uterus Richard S. Heath University of Nebraska Medical Center This manuscript is historical in nature and may not reflect current medical research and practice. Search PubMed for current research. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses Part of the Medical Education Commons Recommended Citation Heath, Richard S., "Chorionepithelioma of the uterus" (1937). MD Theses. 514. https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses/514 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at DigitalCommons@UNMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in MD Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHORIONBPI~HELIOMA OF THE UTERUS BY RICHARD S. HEATH SENIOR THESIS PRESENTED TO THE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY 01' NEBRASKA, OMAHA, 1937. INDEX 1. Introduction 2. Definition • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 3. History • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 4. Etiology • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10 5. Pathology ·. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 6. Symptomotology • ....... · • . • . .. 24 Diagnosis • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 27 8. Complications • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 36 9. Prognosis and Course .. .. .. .. .. .. 41 10. Treatment ·. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 11. Summary · . .. .. .. .. 47 12. Bibliography .. .. .. .. .. .. 49. 480873 CHORIONEPITHELIOMA UTERI In the review of liiiera,ture on chorionepith­ elioma of the uterus the big question throughout the period of the knowledge of the condition as a disease entity, has been that of etiology. With the understand­ ing of the etiological factors a better knowledge as to diagnosis and treatment arises, As illustrated in this paper little is as yet knovnl concerning the eiiiology other than the association of chorionepithelioma with the pregnant state, normal or abnormal.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Microscopical Society. June, 1879
    JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY. JUNE, 1879. ___~ ~~ ~~ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY. - ~- ~- XIX-On the Devei'oprnent and Retrogression of the €4xt-cell. By GEORGEHOGGAN, M.B., and FRANCESELIZABETH HOGGAN, M.D. (Bead 12th March, lb79.) PLATESXIII. AND XIV. PARTI.-Developnent of the Fat cell. IF in the animal body there be one element whose simple struc- ture and generally accessible position would lead us to expect that its life-history could easily be traced, and that consequently s general unanimity of opinion regarding it must necessarily exist DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XIII.-DEVELOPDIENT OF FAT-CELLS. FIO.1.-First deposition of fat in wandering cells retracted iuto a globular form, from broad ligament of pregnant mouse. a. First appearance of fat in a cell as two minute oil-globules. b, c, d, 6, f. Cells in which gradual increme of contained f*t can be traced towards the capillwry. 9. Cells similar to a in which no fat has as yet been deposited. All the ttbove cells lie beneath the endothehm and in the matrix of the membrane. h. A wandering cell with constricted nucleus lying in one of the hides in the membrane, and therefore on the free surface ; it is evialently only a youoger form of q and h. i, j. Still younger spe- cimens of wandering cells lyiug on the free surface of the membrano ; z has two nuclei. k. Nuclei of tlie endothelium covering both surfaces of the mcmbrane. FIO.2.-Relation of fat - tracts to wandering cells, from mesentery of rat. d, e.
    [Show full text]
  • Translation Series No. 580
    5'gû THE LIBRARY - 4 FISHERIES ARCHIVES REZCZCii 10.IRD OF CANADA NANAIA40, FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No. 580 Morphological changes in the fish tissue surrounding the larvae of certain parasitic worms By I. G. Mikhailova, E. V. Prazdinkov, and T. O. Prusevich Original title: Morfologicheskie izmeneniia v tkaniakh ryb vokrug lichnok nekotorykh paraziticheskikh chervei. From: Trudy Murmanskogo Morskogo Biologicheskogo Instituta, Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 251-264. Translated by G. N. Kulikovsky, Bureau for Translations, Foreign Language Division, Department of the Secretary of State of Canada Fisheries Research Board of Canada Biological Station, Nanaimo, B. C. 1965 Morphological Changes in Fish Tissue around 251 the Larvae of some Parasitic Worms. By I.G. Mikhailova, E.V. Prazdnikov, and T.O. Prusevich. (Laboratory of Comparative and Experimental Embryology. Chief - B.P. Tokin.) (From "Trudy Murmanskogo Morskogo Biologicheskogo Institute" /iransaction of the Murmansk Sea-Biological institute/, USSR Academy of Sciences, No. 5 (9) p. 251-64). The problem formulated in the Thirties by E.N. Pavlovsky: MDrganism as the medium of habitation" (1934, 1937, 1945) acquires an ever-increasing actuality. As a point on the agenda the necessity remains to mobilize the assistance of other Sciences for its solution:- of Experimental Zoology, General Pathology, Biochemistry, Immunology, and of Microbiology. New ways of consider- ing the interrelations between the parasite and the host also appear on the borderline between parasitology and embryology. A successful method of study of the problem of the immunity of the embryos (Tokin, 1955a, 1955b) is primarily a study of the problem of embryology - a problem of interrelation of at least two organisms: of a macroorganism and microorganism.
    [Show full text]