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FAMILY POULTRY DEVELOPMENT Working Paper Issues, Opportunitiesandconstraints FAO ANIMALPRODUCTIONANDHEALTH 12
12 ISSN 2221-8793 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH working paper FAMILY POULTRY DEVELOPMENT Issues, opportunities and constraints Cover photographs Left image: ©Brigitte Bagnol Centre image: ©IFAD/Antonio Rota Right image: ©FAO/Olaf Thieme 12 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH working paper FAMILY POULTRY DEVELOPMENT Issues, opportunities and constraints Authors Olaf Thieme, Emmanuel Babafunso Sonaiya, Antonio Rota, Robyn G. Alders, Mohammad Abdul Saleque and Giacomo De’ Besi FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2014 Recommended Citation FAO. 2014. Family poultry development − Issues, opportunities and constraints. Animal Production and Health Working Paper. No. 12. Rome. Authors Olaf Thieme Livestock Production Systems Branch, Animal Production and Health Division, FAO, Rome, Italy [email protected] Emmanuel Babafunso Sonaiya Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria [email protected] Antonio Rota Policy and Technical Advisory Division (PTA), IFAD, Rome, Italy [email protected] Robyn G. Alders International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC) of the KYEEMA Foundation, Australia; and Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Australia [email protected] [email protected] Mohammad Abdul Saleque BRAC International, BRAC Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh [email protected] Giacomo De’ Besi Private consultant [email protected] The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
On the Reticular Tissue and Lattice=Fibers Occurring in the Milk=Spots of Omentum
On the Reticular Tissue and Lattice=fibers occurring in the Milk=spots of Omentum. By Dr. Yukio Hamazaki. From the Pathological Department of Okayama Medical College (Director: Prof. Oto Tam ura). 2 Figures (Plate III) and 3 Text Figures. Ranvier and Weide n reic h regarded the omentum as a flattened- out lymph gland and the abdominal cavity as its lymph sinus. The latter, furthermore, theoretically emphasized that the omentum is nothing but a sheet of reticular tissue, the "taches laiteuses" correspond- ing to the secondary nodules. Lately, Kiy ono agreed with the above view, though lie pointed out that the histiocytic cells in the milk-spots do not form reticular tissue, unlike those in the lymph glands. At the Fifteenth Pathological Congress of Japan (1925) I reported that the milk-spots in the rat, cattle, and pig are provided with a certain kind of reticular tissue. The purpose of the present paper is to settle this problem using specific stainings for the reticular fibers and for the lattice-fibers ("Gitterfasern" of v. Kupffer), which may be in an intiniate relation with them. Material and methods. The material was obtained from the cattle, pig , dog, cat, rabbit, guinea-pig, rat, mouse, chicken and human subject. As the control the organs containing reticular tissue, i. e., lymph glands , spleen and thymus gland were also examined. The material fixed with 10% solution of lormalin was studied as stretched specimens and as sections . For reticulum-staining the eosin-methyl blue method modified by the author was used: 1. Sections are stained for 30 minutes in 1% solution of eosin (a few drops of glacial acetic acid is added to 100 cc of the solution) . -
Poultry As a Development Tool
PART 3 Poultry as a Development Tool 503 Poultry production for livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation Frands Dolberg University of Århus, Denmark SUMMARY Millennium Development Goal Number One is to halve the number of poor people in the world by 2015. The present paper contains a discussion, based on the livelihoods frame- work, of how and under what conditions small poultry units can contribute to the achieve- ment of this and other Millennium Development Goals. The paper presents the livelihoods framework along with its micro- and macro-level features. Subsequently, it discusses the role of poultry in asset creation and as an entry point to improved livelihoods. A series of cases are presented: from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Swaziland, which illustrate various arguments related to the use of poultry for livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation. Strategies that use poultry production for livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation will be most relevantly applied in the countries where it has been most difficult to get development moving. These countries are variously described by development agencies as low-income countries under stress (LICUS), highly indebted poor countries (HIPC), low-income food deficit countries (LIFDCs), or countries that are placed low on the UN Human Development Index. The smallholder poultry approach is biased towards poor women; one estimate is that it is relevant for 160 million women and their families. However, it will not be easy to reach these potential beneficiaries, as bad governance and weak institutions characterize many of the countries where they live. Against this background, it is concluded that international organizations and networks have a particularly important role to play as storehouses of knowledge and technical expertise. -
Efficacy of in Ovo Delivered Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Gut Health of Kuroiler Chickens in the Face of A
animals Article Efficacy of In Ovo Delivered Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Gut Health of Kuroiler Chickens in the Face of a Natural Coccidiosis Challenge Harriet Angwech 1,2,*, Siria Tavaniello 1, Acaye Ongwech 1,2, Archileo N. Kaaya 3 and Giuseppe Maiorano 1 1 Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (A.O.); [email protected] (G.M.) 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166 Gulu, Uganda 3 School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 August 2019; Accepted: 29 September 2019; Published: 28 October 2019 Simple Summary: The management of coccidiosis in poultry farms is mainly dependent on the use of anticoccidial drugs. Development of resistance to existing anticoccidial drugs coupled with restrictive use of antibiotics to control secondary bacterial infections following the ban on antibiotics, stresses the urgent need to explore alternative strategies for maintaining intestinal functionality in chickens for improved productivity. Prebiotics have been proposed as a solution to the intestinal problems of poultry. This study demonstrates that in ovo delivered prebiotics with or without antibiotics reduces severity of intestinal lesions and oocyst excretion induced by natural infection with Eimeria. Prebiotics protected Kuroiler chickens from coccidia in particular in the first 56 days of age and tended to have a synergistic effect with anticoccidial drug in the management of the disease post-infection in the field, with positive effects on performance and meat quality. -
Avian Blood. the Transformed Cells Occurred in Incubated Blood
THE FORMATION OF MACROPHAGES, EPITHEIID CELLS AND GIANT CELLS FROM LEUCOCYTES IN INCUBATED BLOOD * MAGARET REED LEWIS (From th Carxge Laboratory of Embryology, Johns Hopkixs edical Scho) While tissue cultures would seem to afford an appropriate technic for the study of the part taken by the white blood-cells in various conditions, this method has seldom been employed. In 1914 Awro- row and Tlmofejewskij studied the white blood-cells of leukemic blood in plasma cultures, Loeb (i92o) followed the amebocytes of the king crab in dotted blood, and Carrel (192I) observed the growth of the buffy coat of the centrifuged blood of the adult chicken in plasma cultures. The method by which the observations incor- porated in this paper were made is simpler than that of any of the above investigators, consisting merely of the incubation of hanging drops of blood taken, by means of a paraffined pipette, either from the heart or from the peripheral circulation. The transformation and growth of the leucocytes into macro- phages, epithelioid cells, and giant cells were observed in the blood of the chick embryo, young chicken, adult hen, mouse, guinea-pig and dog, and i human blood. In every kind of blood emined there developed first a large wandering cell, several times larger than any of the normal leucocytes, which was phagocytic for red blood- cells, melanin granules, carbon partides, dead granulocytes, and tuberde bacili Somewhat later there appeared a cell more like a prmitive mesenchyme cell, and still later the epithelioid cell was formed. This cell was sometimes binudeate and in some instances a :ypical multinudeated giant cell (Lahans giant cell) was formed. -
Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology
Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 Chapter 5 Tissues Four major tissue types 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous 2 Epithelial Tissues General characteristics - • cover organs and the body • line body cavities • line hollow organs • have a free surface • have a basement membrane • avascular • cells readily divide • cells tightly packed • cells often have desmosomes • function in protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion • classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers 3 Epithelial Tissues Simple squamous – Simple cuboidal – • single layer of flat cells • single layer of cube-shaped • substances pass easily through cells • line air sacs • line kidney tubules • line blood vessels • cover ovaries • line lymphatic vessels • line ducts of some glands 4 Epithelial Tissues Simple columnar – Pseudostratified columnar – • single layer of elongated cells • single layer of elongated cells • nuclei usually near the basement • nuclei at two or more levels membrane at same level • appear striated • sometimes possess cilia • often have cilia • sometimes possess microvilli • often have goblet cells • often have goblet cells • line respiratory passageways • line uterus, stomach, intestines 5 Epithelial Tissues Stratified squamous – Stratified cuboidal – • many cell layers • 2-3 layers • top cells are flat • cube-shaped cells • can accumulate keratin • line ducts of mammary glands, • outer layer of skin sweat glands, salivary glands, • line oral cavity, vagina, and and the pancreas anal canal 6 Epithelial Tissues Stratified -
Decision Tools for Family Poultry Development Rural, Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of Developing Countries
16 16 ISSN 1810-0708 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH Family poultry encompasses all small-scale poultry production systems found in Decision tools for family poultry development rural, urban and peri-urban areas of developing countries. Rather than defining the production systems per se, the term is used to describe poultry production practised by individual families as a means of obtaining food security, income and gainful employment. Family poultry production is often perceived as an activity that can easily and quickly generate income and support food security for resource-poor households. However, the essential requirements for the efficient production of healthy and profitable poultry and eggs are frequently inadequately understood by those designing projects for resource-poor settings. This publication provides guidance for personnel in governments, development organizations and NGOs to better determine and plan development interventions for family poultry. guidelines The decision tools address the situation of four distinct family poultry production systems and their development opportunities: small extensive scavenging, extensive scavenging, semi-intensive production and small-scale intensive production. They describe the poultry production systems, including their required inputs and expected outputs and the techniques and tools used to assess the operational environment, in order to design interventions suited to the local conditions. Practical technical information are provided about genetics and reproduction, feeds and feeding, -
Epidemiology of Important Poultry Diseases in Nepal
Nepalese Vet. J. 36: 08 –14 Epidemiology of Important Poultry Diseases in Nepal T. R. Gompo*,1, U. Pokhrel2, B. R. Shah3,D. D. Bhatta1 1 Department of Livestock Services, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal 2 Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal 3Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University *Corresponding author: [email protected] ASBTRACT Despite the rapidly growing poultry industry throughout Nepal, the periodic outbreaks of diseases and infections in poultry birds led to huge production loss. The aim of this study was to identify the top ten poultry diseases in Nepal and an analysis of their seasonal distributions. A cross-sectional study was performed to describe the distributions of major poultry diseases diagnosed from April 2018 to April 2019 at Central Veterinary Laboratory, Nepal. Out of 2358 observations recorded at the CVL registry at that period, only 2271 observations qualified for the final analysis. Among 2271, removing the missing values, only 1915 observations were used to describe bird characteristics such as median age and mean flock sizes. Descriptive analysis and graphical representation was performed in R studio (Version 1.0.143) and MS excel 2010 respectively. The top ten diseases identified with highest to lowest incidence were: colibacillosis 26% (584/2271), mycotoxicosis 13% (301/2271), ascites 10% (232/2271), complicated chronic respiratory disease (cCRD) 9% (196/2271), infectious bursal disease (IBD) 7% (155/2271), Newcastle disease (ND) 7% (148/2271), avian influenza (AI) 3% (76/2271), salmonellosis 2% (40/2271), infectious bronchitis 1% (33/2271), coccidiosis 1% (25/2271) and non-specific diseases accounts for 21% (481/2271). -
MAAIF Poultry Manual
POULTRY TRAINING MANUAL For Extension Workers In Uganda Theme: Transforming Livelihoods through sustainable poultry production August 2019 !"#$%#$& TABLE OF FIGURES 5 LIST OF TABLES 7 PARTNERS 9 FORWARD AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT 10 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 11 MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 12 1.1 Key stakeholders 13 1.2 Importance of poultry 14 1.3 Opportunities 14 1.4 Challenges 15 1.5 Ten suggested steps to a sustainable poultry enterprise 15 MODULE 2: POULTRY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN UGANDA. 16 2.1 Types of poultry 16 2.2 Poultry breeds 16 2.3 Poultry management systems 17 2.3.1 Extensive system 17 2.3.2 Semi-intensive system 17 2.3.3 Intensive system 18 MODULE 3: POULTRY PRODUCTION PLANNING 20 3.1 Site selection 20 3.2 Farm lay out 20 3.3 Construction of a poultry house 21 3.3.1 Poultry house at the household level 22 3.3.2 Poultry house at commercial level 23 3.4 Poultry tools, equipment and other farm necessities 26 MODULE 4: POULTRY PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT 29 4.1 Brooder management 29 4.1.1 Qualities of a good brooder 30 4.1.2 Construction of a brooder 31 4.1.3 Key points to consider in brooder management 32 4.1.4 Ventilation 35 4.1.5 Temperature 36 4.1.6 Water 36 4.2 Management of layer breeders 38 4.2.1 Farm location and housing 38 4.2.2 Key objectives and activities in the grower period 38 4.2.3 Feeding program 38 4.2.4 Lighting program 40 4.2.5 Age at transfer 41 4.2.6 Stocking 42 4.2.7 Pecking 43 4.2.8 Prolapse 44 4.2.9 Smothering 44 4.2.10 Broodiness 45 4.2.11 Vaccinations 46 Poultry Training Manual for Extension Workers in Uganda -
(Outcome 5.1.1) 1. Cells Are Organized Into ______
Shier, Butler, and Lewis: Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 13th ed. Chapter 5: Tissues Chapter 5: Tissues I. Introduction A. Introduction (Outcome 5.1.1) 1. Cells are organized into ______________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 2. Intercellular junctions connect_________________________. (Outcome 5.1.2) 3. Three types of intercellular junctions are _________________ _________________________________________________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 4. Tight junctions are located in cells that _________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 5. Tight junctions function to ___________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 6. Desmosomes are located in cells of ____________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 7. Desmosomes function to ____________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 8. Gap junctions are located in cells of the __________________ _________________________________________________________________ . (Outcome 5.1.2) 9. Gap junctions function to ____________________________ (Outcome 5.1.3) 10. The four major types of tissues of the human body are _____ _________________________________________________________________ . II. Epithelial Tissues A. General Characteristics (Outcome 5.2.4) 1. Epithelium covers ____________________, forms ________ , and lines _________________________________________________________ . (Outcome 5.2.4) 2. Epithelial tissue always has a free _____________________ . (Outcome 5.2.4) 3. The underside of epithelial tissue is anchored by ___________ to connective tissue. (Outcome 5.2.4) 4. Epithelial tissue lacks _______________________________ -
Small-Scale Poultry Farming and Poverty Reduction in South Asia
SmallScale Poultry Farming and Poverty Reduction in South Asia From Good Practices to Good Policies in Bangladesh, Bhutan and India Ugo Pica‐Ciamarra (Animal Production and Health Division, FAO, Rome) and Mamta Dhawan (South‐Asia Pro‐Poor Livestock Policy Programme—SA PPLPP, New Delhi) December 2010 12 Suggested Citation: SA PPLPP (2010), “Small Scale Poultry Farming and Poverty Reduction in South Asia: From Good Practices to Good Policies in Bangladesh, Bhutan and India” Photo Credits: SA PPLPP Team © SA PPLPP (http://sapplpp.org/copyright) Disclaimer: The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the National Dairy Development Board of India (NDDB) and the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed are solely of the author(s) and reviewer(s) and do not constitute in any way the official position of the NDDB or the FAO. Reproduction and dissemination of material from this document for educational or non commercial purposes is authorised without any prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material from this document for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holders. 1 The authors would like to thank Dr. A Saleque, Dr. Lham Tshering, Mr. S.E. Pawar, Dr. P.K. Shinde, Dr. D. V. Rangnekar, Dr. Kornel Das, Dr. -
2015 Annual Report NC1170 DRAFT Page: 1 Annual Report For
Annual Report for NC1170 Period Covered: January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 Prepared by: Douglas Rhoads Institutional Stations (Institutional Abbreviation: Members) Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope (COH: M. Miller) Cornell University (CU: P. Johnson) Iowa State University (IA: S. Lamont, J.Dekkers) Michigan State University (MI: J. Dodgson, G. Strasburg) Mississippi State University (MS: C. McDaniel, B. Nanduri) North Carolina State University (NC: C. Ashwell, J. Petitte) Oregon State University (OR: D. Froman) Pennsylvania State University (PA: A. Johnston, R. Ramachandran) Purdue University (IN: W. Muir) University of Arizona (AZ: F. McCarthy, S. Burgess) University of Arkansas (AR: W. Kuenzel, B. Kong, D. Rhoads) University of California, Davis (CA: M. Delany, H. Zhou) University of Delaware (DE: B. Abasht) University of Georgia (GA: S. Aggrey) University of Maryland (MD: T. Porter, J. Song) University of Minnesota (MN: K. Reed) University of Tennessee‐Knoxville (TN: A. Saxton, B. Voy) Virginia Tech (VA: E. Wong, E. Smith) University of Wisconsin (WI: G. ROsa) USDA‐ARS‐Avian Disease and Oncology Lab (ADOL: H. Cheng, H. Zhang). Administration Executive Director‐ Jeff Jacobsen, Michigan State University Lakshmi Matukumalli‐ NIFA Representative Christina Hamilton‐ System Administration. NC1170 Business Meeting January 10, 2016 NC1170 BUSINESS MEETING 2016 Agenda: 1. Call to order 2. Approval of Agenda 3. Approval of 2015 minutes 4. Administrative Advisor: Sue Lamont 5. NIFA/USDA administrator: Lakshmi Matukumalli 6. NRSP8 Poultry co‐Coordinators: Delany and Cheng 2015 Annual Report NC1170 DRAFT Page: 1 7. Selection of secretary for NC1170 8. Selection of secretary for NRSP8 poultry 9. Location and time for meeting for 2017 10.