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Staphylococcus Aureus, a Gram-Positive Coccus Occurring in Clusters (Grapes Like)
STAPHYLOCOCCOSIS, STREPTOCOCCOSIS & CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS DEFINITION Staphylococcosis is acute systemic or chronic disease of birds characterized most frequently by purulent arthritis and tenosynovitis. OCCURRENCE • Staphylococcal infections of poultry occur worldwide and affect all classes of birds. • Outbreaks are most important in turkeys and broilers. • The organisms are common in the environment and are especially associated with the skin (normal inhabitant). • Most diseases produced by Staphylococcus sp. are associated with ahistory of break in the skin or beak (trauma, beak trimming, toe trimming, foot pad burns etc.). OCCURRENCE • Avian infections tend to be caused by types occurring in birds rather than human strains. • Isolates pathogenic for one class of poultry are usually pathogenic for other classes of birds. • Toxigenic strains capable of causing food poisoning can contaminate the skin of processed poultry (zoonotic importance). • The source of these strains at present is in debate. • Bio-typing indicates processing plant worker origin while plasmid profile indicates poultry origin. HISTORICAL INFORMATION • Staphylococci were first discovered to be a cause of arthritis in geese in 1892. • Since that time they have been identified as the cause of a variety of localized and systemic diseases in many different avian species and in most areas of the world. • The disease was more common in turkeys when they were raised on range than it is now. ETIOLOGY • 1. Most staphylococci isolates have been identified as Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive coccus occurring in clusters (grapes like). Pathogenic isolates are usually coagulase positive. 2. Organisms are moderately resistant to common disinfectants. • Chlorine-containing disinfectants are efficacious in the absence of organic material. -
FAMILY POULTRY DEVELOPMENT Working Paper Issues, Opportunitiesandconstraints FAO ANIMALPRODUCTIONANDHEALTH 12
12 ISSN 2221-8793 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH working paper FAMILY POULTRY DEVELOPMENT Issues, opportunities and constraints Cover photographs Left image: ©Brigitte Bagnol Centre image: ©IFAD/Antonio Rota Right image: ©FAO/Olaf Thieme 12 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH working paper FAMILY POULTRY DEVELOPMENT Issues, opportunities and constraints Authors Olaf Thieme, Emmanuel Babafunso Sonaiya, Antonio Rota, Robyn G. Alders, Mohammad Abdul Saleque and Giacomo De’ Besi FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2014 Recommended Citation FAO. 2014. Family poultry development − Issues, opportunities and constraints. Animal Production and Health Working Paper. No. 12. Rome. Authors Olaf Thieme Livestock Production Systems Branch, Animal Production and Health Division, FAO, Rome, Italy [email protected] Emmanuel Babafunso Sonaiya Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria [email protected] Antonio Rota Policy and Technical Advisory Division (PTA), IFAD, Rome, Italy [email protected] Robyn G. Alders International Rural Poultry Centre (IRPC) of the KYEEMA Foundation, Australia; and Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Australia [email protected] [email protected] Mohammad Abdul Saleque BRAC International, BRAC Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh [email protected] Giacomo De’ Besi Private consultant [email protected] The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
The Effect of Degree of Debeaking and Cage Population Size on Selected Production Characteristics Of
110 626 THE EFFECT OF DEGREE OF DEBEAKING AND CAGE POPULATION SIZE ON SELECTED PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CAGED LAYERS Thesis for the Degree of M. S. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Robert Carey Hargreaves 'I 965 THESIS LIBRARY Michigan State University ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF DEGREE 0F DEBEAKING.AND CAGE POPULATION SIZE ON SELECTED PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CAGED LAYERS by Robert Carey Hargreaves Debeaking is commercially used as one method of preventing canni- balism in young growing chickens, laying hens, turkeys, and game birds. In recent years, the relative severity of debeaking has increased. The primary purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects that severe degrees of debeaking might have on production characteristics of caged laying chickens. Single Comb'White Leghorn pullets were debeaked at 18 weeks of age and placed in l-bird and 3-bird cages. Other birds from the same stock were debeaked at 24 and 25 weeks of age and placed in 2-bird cages and 21-bird cages. Three degrees of debeaking were used -- 1/2, 3/& and all of the distance between the tip of the beak and the nostrils. Ap- proximately the same amount of both upper and lower mandibles was re- moved. Non-debeaked birds served as the controls. The birds with all of the beak removed are referred to as "entirely debeaked”. Compared with birds in any of the other three treatments, entirely debeaked birds gave poorer results. They took longer coming into egg production, laid fewer eggs, ate less feed and made smaller body weight gains. All of these differences were highly significant. -
Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity Studies of Canadian Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus Isolates
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-02-02 Molecular characterization and pathogenicity studies of Canadian infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates Perez Contreras, Ana Paulina Perez Contreras, A. P. (2021). Molecular characterization and pathogenicity studies of Canadian infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113067 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Molecular characterization and pathogenicity studies of Canadian infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates by Ana Paulina Perez Contreras A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCES CALGARY, ALBERTA FEBRUARY, 2021 ©Ana Paulina Perez Contreras 2021 ABSTRACT The extensive use of live-attenuated vaccines to control the upper respiratory tract viral infection in chicken known as infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), has been associated with a surge in vaccine related ILT outbreaks. It is documented that these ILT outbreaks are due to the regaining of virulence of the vaccine viruses due to multiple bird to bird passages following vaccination. These vaccine-originated infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) isolates are known as vaccine revertants. -
UPC Fall-Winter 2009 Poultry Press
Fall-Winter 2009 Volume 19, Number 3 PoultryPromoting the compassionate and respectful Press treatment of domestic fowl Chosen one of the BEST Nonprofit Publications by UTNE magazine UPC# 11656 United Poultry Concerns P.O. Box 150 Machipongo, VA 23405-0150 (757) 678-7875 FAX: (757) 678-5070 Visit Our Web Site: www.upc-online.org Photo © Davida G. Breier & www.NoVoiceUnheard.org UPC sanctuary turkey, Amelia, sits quietly in her favorite nesting place. UNITED PO U LTRY CON C ERNS WWW .upc -ONLINE .ORG Volume 19, Number 3 Ritual Sacrif ice: “The reduction of living beings to objects upon whom atrocities can be heaped.” -Maxwell Schnurer, “At the Gates of Hell,” Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? By Karen Davis, PhD, President of United A bum conceit, but how much different is it from Poultry Concerns advertisements claiming that chickens want to be selected as the tastiest sandwich or that pigs are dying he idea that some groups were put on the to become an Oscar Mayer wiener? Animals who are earth to suffer and die sacrificially for a otherwise maledicted as “dirty” and “stupid” acquire Tsuperior group goes far back in time. The their value in being slaughtered for the “higher” species. idea is deeply embedded in human cultures, including They are decontaminated by being cooked and elevated the culture of the West, which is rooted in ancient by being absorbed into the body of a human being. Greek and Hebrew modes of thought, and incorporated Surely they must relish their privilege. in Christianity, where these roots combine. Animal sacrifice is not just an anachronism in these “. -
Poultry As a Development Tool
PART 3 Poultry as a Development Tool 503 Poultry production for livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation Frands Dolberg University of Århus, Denmark SUMMARY Millennium Development Goal Number One is to halve the number of poor people in the world by 2015. The present paper contains a discussion, based on the livelihoods frame- work, of how and under what conditions small poultry units can contribute to the achieve- ment of this and other Millennium Development Goals. The paper presents the livelihoods framework along with its micro- and macro-level features. Subsequently, it discusses the role of poultry in asset creation and as an entry point to improved livelihoods. A series of cases are presented: from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Swaziland, which illustrate various arguments related to the use of poultry for livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation. Strategies that use poultry production for livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation will be most relevantly applied in the countries where it has been most difficult to get development moving. These countries are variously described by development agencies as low-income countries under stress (LICUS), highly indebted poor countries (HIPC), low-income food deficit countries (LIFDCs), or countries that are placed low on the UN Human Development Index. The smallholder poultry approach is biased towards poor women; one estimate is that it is relevant for 160 million women and their families. However, it will not be easy to reach these potential beneficiaries, as bad governance and weak institutions characterize many of the countries where they live. Against this background, it is concluded that international organizations and networks have a particularly important role to play as storehouses of knowledge and technical expertise. -
Cannibalism in Poultry Causes
cures 0 Anti-pick pastes. These can be used Hen specks or blinders. These can to curb cannibalism if just a few be applied for the prevention of birds are affected. A bitter tasting, cannibalism in laying hens. They are ummm blood-coJored preparation or pine attached to the nostrils and prevent tar daubed on the picked portion is » the birds from seeing straight ahead effective. There are several com- but apparently do not affect eating mercial preparations for this pur- or drinking. Specks should be ap- pose. If many birds are picked one plied to pullets before they start to In Poultry of the following methods should be lay. Several types are available and used. appear equally effective. Debeaklng. This is the most prac- Pick-guards. This device, as the tical method to use with broilers. speck, is attached to the nostril and Debeaking is accomplished by extends over the end of the beak. cutting off the upper beak from It prevents the hen from picking Vz to '/a the distance between forward, but does not hinder her the tip and the nostrils. If less eating. Neither specks or pick- than Vi of the beak is cut off it guards are commonly used on will grow back within a few turkeys. months. If Va or more of the upper beak is cut off it will not grow 'back, but the lower beak usually grows longer. This makes i it difficult for the birds to eat scratch from the litter or to drink from shallow waterers. In this Turkey-bits. -
The Russian Orloff Chicken They Are Somewhat Rare in the U.S
Volume 8, Number 1 Backyard February/March 2013 PoultryDedicated to more and better small-flock poultry Think Like a Chicken Understanding Bird Talk Pg.26 From Russia with Love: The Russian Orloff Pg. 62 The Sex-link Chicken: Clarifying Crossbreeds Pg.58 Backyard Poultry FP 2-12 security:Mother Earth 4.5 x7 2/15/12 9:34 AM Page 1 RANDALL BURKEY COMPANY COYOTES Quality Products since 1947 menacing to your Free Catalog • 800-531-1097 • randallburkey.com livestock, pets or poultry? SATISFACTION GUARANTEED or your money back! $ 95 ––––––––––––––19 SUPER LOW PRICE –––––––––––––– Protection Against Night Time Predator Animals FREE SHIPPING On orders of 4 Nite Guard Solar® has been proven effective in repelling lights or more. predator animals through overwhelming evidence from –––––––––––––– testing by the company and tens of thousands of users. PROMO CODE 4FREE Nite Guard Solar attacks the deepest most primal fear of night animals – that of being discovered. The simple but effective fact is that a flash of light is sensed as an eye and becomes a threat immediately to the most ferocious night animals. Mount the units eye level to the predator FOLLOW US ON FACE BOOK If protection is needed in all four directions, four www.facebook.com/niteguardllc of the units are needed. .................. EVERYTHING FAMILY OWNED AND OPERATED SINCE 1997. .................. See How It Works @ www.niteguard.com SCAN TO WATCH VIDEO 1.800.328.6647 • PO Box 274 • Princeton MN 55371 CHICKEN Backyard Poultry FP 2-12 security:Mother Earth 4.5 x7 2/15/12 9:34 AM Page 1 RANDALL BURKEY COMPANY COYOTES Quality Products since 1947 menacing to your Free Catalog • 800-531-1097 • randallburkey.com livestock, pets or poultry? GUARANTEED $ 95 ––––––––––––––19 SUPER LOW PRICE –––––––––––––– FREE SHIPPING On orders of 4 lights or more. -
Efficacy of in Ovo Delivered Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Gut Health of Kuroiler Chickens in the Face of A
animals Article Efficacy of In Ovo Delivered Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Gut Health of Kuroiler Chickens in the Face of a Natural Coccidiosis Challenge Harriet Angwech 1,2,*, Siria Tavaniello 1, Acaye Ongwech 1,2, Archileo N. Kaaya 3 and Giuseppe Maiorano 1 1 Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; [email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (A.O.); [email protected] (G.M.) 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166 Gulu, Uganda 3 School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 6 August 2019; Accepted: 29 September 2019; Published: 28 October 2019 Simple Summary: The management of coccidiosis in poultry farms is mainly dependent on the use of anticoccidial drugs. Development of resistance to existing anticoccidial drugs coupled with restrictive use of antibiotics to control secondary bacterial infections following the ban on antibiotics, stresses the urgent need to explore alternative strategies for maintaining intestinal functionality in chickens for improved productivity. Prebiotics have been proposed as a solution to the intestinal problems of poultry. This study demonstrates that in ovo delivered prebiotics with or without antibiotics reduces severity of intestinal lesions and oocyst excretion induced by natural infection with Eimeria. Prebiotics protected Kuroiler chickens from coccidia in particular in the first 56 days of age and tended to have a synergistic effect with anticoccidial drug in the management of the disease post-infection in the field, with positive effects on performance and meat quality. -
NATURAL BEAK SMOOTHING Smoothing, Saving, Performing
NATURAL BEAK SMOOTHING Smoothing, saving, performing FOR BROILERS BREEDERS FEEDING Developed in cooperation with the major breeding companies NATURAL BEAK SMOOTHING, A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR POULTRY FARMERS “ GERMANY Markus Böckermann looked for a sustainable solution because of the ban of beak trimming in Germany. “The results of the test phase were impressive. After 11 weeks, there was no longer any difference in shape between the infrared trimmed beaks and the beaks subjected to Natural Beak Smoothing.“ “ INDIA Life Line Feeds is a pioneer in the Indian poultry market. So the company was eager to test the Natural Beak Smoothing solution as an alternative to mechanical hot blade debeaking. The solution fits perfectly with the philosophy of Life Line Feeds’ Managing Director: for Mr. Kishore Kumar, animal welfare is a top priority. According to him, Natural Beak Smoothing has proven to drastically reduce stress and risk of infections in his broiler breeder houses. “ BELGIUM Dirk Mertens finds it important to invest in systems that improve animal welfare. “I notice there is less mortality among our chicks, because they don’t suffer a relapse. They have less stress and can just continue eating during the first days. We also notice a greater uniformity among the chicks. All these things eventually lead to a better end result.” BEAK TREATMENT » SOLUTIONS TODAY WHY BEAK TREATMENT = A PREVENTIVE MEASURE EFFECT OF BEAK TREATMENT: / to have optimal performance of flock laborious and time consuming Infrared beak trimming in hatchery 01 / to -
Association of LEI0258 Marker Alleles and Susceptibility to Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Kuroiler, Sasso, and Local Tanzanian Chicken Embryos
Hindawi Journal of Pathogens Volume 2020, Article ID 5187578, 8 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5187578 Research Article Association of LEI0258 Marker Alleles and Susceptibility to Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Kuroiler, Sasso, and Local Tanzanian Chicken Embryos Fulgence Ntangere Mpenda ,1 Christian Keambou Tiambo,2,3 Martina kyallo,2 John Juma,2 Roger Pelle,2 Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye,4 and Joram Buza1 1School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania 2Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya 3Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya 4Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Correspondence should be addressed to Fulgence Ntangere Mpenda; [email protected] Received 15 August 2019; Revised 13 February 2020; Accepted 12 March 2020; Published 8 April 2020 Academic Editor: Hin-Chung Wong Copyright © 2020 Fulgence Ntangere Mpenda et al. *is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Newcastle disease (ND) control by vaccination and an institution of biosecurity measures is less feasible in backyard chicken in developing countries. *erefore, an alternative disease control strategy like the genetic selection of less susceptible chicken genotypes is a promising option. In the present study, genetic polymorphism of LEIO258 marker and association with sus- ceptibility to virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection in Kuroilers, Sasso, and local Tanzanian chicken embryos were investigated. -
UPC Winter/Spring 1998 Poultry Press
Please Hold a Vigil for Chickens This Spring UNITED POULTRY CONCERNS WILL PROVIDE LITERATURE Please volunteer to coordinate a Release to all local media is faxed, mailed, Spring Vigil for Chickens in your neighbor or e-mailed a week prior to the event and hood this April or May. UPC will provide should be followed up with phone calls a you with handout literature, a sample day or two ahead. News Release, Public Service Shape your announcements to suit Announcement (PSA) and Ca1Rndar of your own Vigil and contact UPC with any Events Announcement. Calendar and PSA questions you have. UPC thanks you for announcements inform the public of the helping to make a better life for chickens in event and invite them to participate. 1998. Calendar Announcements are sent to local newspapers and PSA's to local TV and radio stations 2 to 3 weeks in advance. A News Sample Banner & Poster Slogans Stick Up For Chickens! Sick Chickens Cooped in Poop Bacterial Streams of Fecal Soup Misery Is Not a Health Food Don't Just Switch from Beef to Chicken Get the Slaughterhouse Illustration by Nigel Burroughs Out of Your Kitchen Starving Hens Has Got to Stop What You Can Do: Ban Forced Molting of Laying Hens The Cruelty & Contamination Are DSeta date Linked D Invite Participants Forced Molting Causes Salmonella D Enlarge Graphic Photos at Copy Center Debeaking Causes Pain D Hold a Poster-Making Party Respect Chickens - Don't Eat Them D Contact Local News Media MlllEUJIDD1i]I lttp=A11il~li!l~i!i1!!!![1[1111•1WB"·""· .