Beak Trimming Methods -Review
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(Mother Hens' Uropygial Secretion Analogue) Sur Le Stress Des Poulets
TTHHÈÈ SSEE En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIV ERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par L'Institut National Polytechnique Discipline ou spécialité : Pathologie, Toxicologie, Génétique & Nutrition Présentée et soutenue par Iltud MADEC Le 19 mai 2008 Titre : Effets du sémiochimique MHUSA (Mother Hens’ Uropygial Secretion Analogue) sur le stress des poulets de chair. Approches zootechnique, physiologique et comportementale. JURY Pr Jean DAYDE, Président. Pr Xavier MANTECA, Rapporteur. Pr Giovanni RE, Rapporteur. Pr Patrick PAGEAT, Tuteur. Dr Jean-François GABARROU, Tuteur. Pr Xavier FERNANDEZ, Membre. Dr Anne-Marie LESENEY, Membre. Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingéniéries Unité de recherche : Institut de Recherche Phérosynthèse, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan Directeur(s) de Thèse : Pr Vassilia THEODOROU Rapporteurs : MM. les Pr X. MANTECA et G. RE SOMMAIRE Remerciements Liste des publications Liste des sigles et abréviations Liste des illustrations INTRODUCTION Partie I : contexte de l’étude Partie II : objectifs de travail et résultats Partie III : discussion générale CONCLUSION Bibliographie Table des matières 1 « On aime sa mère presque sans le savoir, et on ne s’aperçoit de toute la profondeur des racines de cet amour qu’au moment de la séparation dernière. » Guy de Maupassant 2 Remerciements Ce mémoire n’est pas un aboutissement, mais une étape. Néanmoins ce moment marque, comme tous les moments forts d’une vie. Il faut maintenant passer à autre chose en se servant de cette dernière comme d’un atout. Cette étape m’a vu grandir et évoluer vers une certaine forme de maturité, j’espère en faire partager mon entourage. C’est ce dernier, tant professionnel que personnel (parfois les deux sont conjugués), que je souhaite remercier dans ce message. -
Kansas 4-H Poultry Leader Notebook Level I Introduction for Leaders
Kansas 4-H Poultry Leader Notebook Level I Introduction for Leaders ........................................................i Parts of a Chicken......................................................................................................3 Name That Bird.......................................................................................................11 Beginning to Set Goals in Your Poultry Project......................................................19 Common Poultry Terms for Different Species........................................................23 Poultry Breeds.........................................................................................................27 Breeds of Poultry for Project and Show..................................................................33 What Bird Will I Raise?..........................................................................................41 Nutritional Needs and Problems in Poultry.............................................................45 Is Your Bird Sick?...................................................................................................51 Catching and Handling Poultry...............................................................................55 Washing That Bird...................................................................................................59 Why Do We Raise Poultry?.....................................................................................63 K-State Research & Extension ■ Manhattan Leader Notes Parts of a Chicken Poultry, -
Staphylococcus Aureus, a Gram-Positive Coccus Occurring in Clusters (Grapes Like)
STAPHYLOCOCCOSIS, STREPTOCOCCOSIS & CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS DEFINITION Staphylococcosis is acute systemic or chronic disease of birds characterized most frequently by purulent arthritis and tenosynovitis. OCCURRENCE • Staphylococcal infections of poultry occur worldwide and affect all classes of birds. • Outbreaks are most important in turkeys and broilers. • The organisms are common in the environment and are especially associated with the skin (normal inhabitant). • Most diseases produced by Staphylococcus sp. are associated with ahistory of break in the skin or beak (trauma, beak trimming, toe trimming, foot pad burns etc.). OCCURRENCE • Avian infections tend to be caused by types occurring in birds rather than human strains. • Isolates pathogenic for one class of poultry are usually pathogenic for other classes of birds. • Toxigenic strains capable of causing food poisoning can contaminate the skin of processed poultry (zoonotic importance). • The source of these strains at present is in debate. • Bio-typing indicates processing plant worker origin while plasmid profile indicates poultry origin. HISTORICAL INFORMATION • Staphylococci were first discovered to be a cause of arthritis in geese in 1892. • Since that time they have been identified as the cause of a variety of localized and systemic diseases in many different avian species and in most areas of the world. • The disease was more common in turkeys when they were raised on range than it is now. ETIOLOGY • 1. Most staphylococci isolates have been identified as Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive coccus occurring in clusters (grapes like). Pathogenic isolates are usually coagulase positive. 2. Organisms are moderately resistant to common disinfectants. • Chlorine-containing disinfectants are efficacious in the absence of organic material. -
Chickens As Patients - UEP2013 - VIN
7/27/2020 Chickens as Patients - UEP2013 - VIN Chickens as Patients AAVAC-UPAV 2013 Anna Meredith, MA, VetMB, PhD, CertLAS, DZooMed, MRCVS Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Introduction The keeping of non-commercial backyard poultry is increasing greatly in popularity. Ducks, geese, pheasants, guinea fowl and other species may all be kept, but chickens are probably the most common species presented in general practice. People keep chickens for different reasons, including just having a few hens for private egg production and consumption, breeding of exhibition or "fancy" birds, small layer or meat bird flocks, or as true pets that also help to weed the garden. Chicken owners will vary from very experienced to complete novices. For these types of poultry, the local small animal or mixed veterinary practitioner is likely to be called upon rather than an experienced commercial poultry vet, although this may well be after advice has been sought from the breeder, agricultural merchant or internet first and various treatments applied. Many owners become very attached to their birds and invest time and money in their care, and will expect their veterinary surgeon to be knowledgeable, able to advise on general husbandry and management and to treat any problems effectively. The domestic chicken is descended from the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), but has been domesticated into a large variety of breeds. Choice of breed usually depends on the purpose of keeping the chicken. Bantams are often kept if space is limited; these are small varieties with correspondingly small eggs, and most large breeds have a bantam (miniature) version. -
Controlling Feather Pecking and Cannibalism in Laying Hens Without
CONTROLLING FEATHER PECKING & CANNIBALISM IN LAYING HENS WITHOUT BEAK TRIMMING A Compassion in World Farming Report by Heather Pickett MSc BSc (hons) October 2009, revised March 2011 Registered Charity No. 1095050 Compassion in World Farming is grateful to The Rufford Maurice Laing Foundation whose funding made this research possible. www.rufford.org EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hens are often beak trimmed to reduce the risk of welfare problems caused by feather pecking and cannibalism. The consequences of beak trimming for welfare include trauma during the procedure, pain due to tissue damage and nerve injury, loss of normal function due to reduced ability to sense materials with the beak, and loss of integrity of a living animal. This report reviews the evidence from the scientific literature and from practical experience, which demonstrates that feather pecking and cannibalism can be controlled in non-cage systems without beak trimming through (i) the use of appropriate strains and selective breeding to further reduce the hens’ propensity to feather peck and (ii) good design of non-cage systems and implementation of a range of preventive management practices. Experience in other European countries where beak trimming has been prohibited indicates that, with experience, laying hens can be successfully managed in non-cage systems without beak trimming. The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has repealed the ban on the beak trimming of laying hens in England, which was due to come into force on 1st January 2011. Instead, the government has merely banned the use of the hot blade method for beak-trimming, except in emergencies on-farm, while allowing beak-trimming by the infra-red (IR) beam method to continue. -
Impact of Nutritional Factors on Feather Pecking Behaviour of Laying Hens in Non-Cage Housing Systems
Impact of nutritional factors on feather pecking behaviour of laying hens in non-cage housing systems 1* 2 1 1 M.M. VAN KRIMPEN , R.P. KWAKKEL , G. ANDRÉ , C.M.C. VAN DER PEET-SCHWERING , L.A. 3,4 2 DEN HARTOG and M.W.A. VERSTEGEN 1Animal Production, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, PO Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; 2Animal Nutrition Group, 3Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, NL-6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands and 4Nutreco R&D, PO Box 220, NL-5830 AE Boxmeer, The Netherlands *Corresponding author: [email protected] The expected bans on battery cages (EU) and beak trimming (e.g. The Netherlands) may cause an increased risk of feather pecking and cannibalism in layers. Many factors influence feather pecking behaviour, but in this review we will focus on nutritional factors. Dietary deficiencies, resulting in inaccurate delivery of nutrients, may increase feather pecking behaviour and cannibalism. Severe feather pecking has been demonstrated in birds that were fed too low mineral levels, protein levels or amino acid levels (methionine, arginine). Feeding high-NSP diets, low energy diets, or roughages reduced feather pecking. Providing additional grain or straw in the litter during rearing could result in lower levels of feather pecking behaviour in adult stages. Nutritional factors seem to reduce feather pecking behaviour in laying hens if these factors increase the time related to foraging, feed intake and satisfying. Laying hens may spend more time on these behaviours when they are fed 1) mash diets in stead of crumbles or pellets, 2) low energy diets, 3) high (in-)soluble fibre diets or 4) roughages. -
The Effect of Degree of Debeaking and Cage Population Size on Selected Production Characteristics Of
110 626 THE EFFECT OF DEGREE OF DEBEAKING AND CAGE POPULATION SIZE ON SELECTED PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CAGED LAYERS Thesis for the Degree of M. S. MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Robert Carey Hargreaves 'I 965 THESIS LIBRARY Michigan State University ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF DEGREE 0F DEBEAKING.AND CAGE POPULATION SIZE ON SELECTED PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CAGED LAYERS by Robert Carey Hargreaves Debeaking is commercially used as one method of preventing canni- balism in young growing chickens, laying hens, turkeys, and game birds. In recent years, the relative severity of debeaking has increased. The primary purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects that severe degrees of debeaking might have on production characteristics of caged laying chickens. Single Comb'White Leghorn pullets were debeaked at 18 weeks of age and placed in l-bird and 3-bird cages. Other birds from the same stock were debeaked at 24 and 25 weeks of age and placed in 2-bird cages and 21-bird cages. Three degrees of debeaking were used -- 1/2, 3/& and all of the distance between the tip of the beak and the nostrils. Ap- proximately the same amount of both upper and lower mandibles was re- moved. Non-debeaked birds served as the controls. The birds with all of the beak removed are referred to as "entirely debeaked”. Compared with birds in any of the other three treatments, entirely debeaked birds gave poorer results. They took longer coming into egg production, laid fewer eggs, ate less feed and made smaller body weight gains. All of these differences were highly significant. -
Animal / Poultry Slaughtering
Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline (Ref.: HT HPTS.G: 2018) Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline (2019) "Ḥalāl Poultry Throat-Slitting Guideline" st 1 Edition Published by: The MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT) Copyright © MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT), January 2020 / Jamād-ul-Thani 1441 Printed in Cape Town, SA by: ISBN: Cover Design: Shaykh Zaid Dante Typesetting & Layout: Dr Y. Toefy An Accolade The International Trade Centre (ITC), which is based in Geneva, Switzerland, is the joint Agency of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and United Nations (UN), has listed the MJC Halaal Trust (MJCHT) as the first and oldest Ḥalāl Regulatory Body in the world. In their 2015 “Ḥalāl Goes Global” publication, under the heading, “The Evolution of Ḥalāl Regulations”, the ITC states (p.32) :- 1945 - The Muslim Judicial Council Halaal Trust was formed in Cape Town, to ensure that Islamic dietary laws are adhered to for the Muslims in South Africa. We extend our gratitude, appreciation and respect to our honourable forefathers for their dedication and commitment towards ensuring that food consumed in South Africa is ḥalāl. Compiled & Written by: Achmat bin Yusuf Sedick-Carr (MJCHT Director) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Page 2 of 73 (3rd Revision: February 2019) [Copyright: MJCHT – Copying & Network Storage Prohibited] Ḥalāl Poultry -
List of Scientific Literature on the Importance of Feather Pecking
Literature Featherpecking - Importance Bestman, M., et al. (2009). "Influence of farm factors on the occurrence of feather pecking in organic reared hens and their predictability for feather pecking in the laying period." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 121(2): 120-125. Feather pecking is one of the most obvious welfare problems in laying hens. It is seen in all types of housing systems. Although banned in some countries, beak trimming is generally used to reduce the damage caused by this behaviour. In organic farming, where beak trimming is prohibited, the animals are being kept in a less intensive way than in conventional farming in order to improve their welfare. However, feather pecking is also seen in organic laying hens. Generally, rearing circumstances play an important role in the development of this behaviour. Therefore, rearing flocks were monitored for feather pecking and the relations between rearing factors and feather pecking at a young and at an adult age were analysed. Also the correlation between feather pecking during the rearing period and feather pecking during adult life was studied. Twenty-eight commercial flocks of rearing hens were monitored. These flocks split into 51 flocks of laying hens. Flocks were scored for signs of feather damage during rearing at the ages of 7, 12, and 16 weeks and on the laying farms at 30 weeks. On the rearing as well as the laying farm, data were collected on the housing system. Logistic regression was used to analyse our data. Feather damage was seen in 13 out of 24 (54%) of rearing flocks. Logistic regression showed that a higher number of pullets being kept per square meter in the first 4 weeks of life were associated with feather damage during the rearing period (Chi square = 8.49, df = 1, p = 0.004). -
Improving Feather Cover a Guide to Reducing the Risk of Injurious Pecking Occurring in Non-Cage Laying Hens
Improving Feather Cover A guide to reducing the risk of injurious pecking occurring in non-cage laying hens 2013 © University of Bristol Introduction This guide summarises strategies available to reduce the risk of injurious pecking occurring in non- cage laying hens during both rearing and laying. Beak-trimming and alterations to lighting are commonly practised to control injurious pecking, but these are not ideal in terms of bird welfare. The strategies discussed in this guide offer many ways of reducing the risk of injurious pecking occurring, which may also offer other benefits. Injurious pecking (IP) is an umbrella term covering a group of behaviours; gentle and severe feather pecking, vent pecking, and cannibalistic pecking. Gentle feather pecking (GFP) consists of gentle pecks to the tips of the feathers. This type of feather pecking (FP) usually does not result in much damage and is often ignored by the recipient. It can indicate a welfare problem in the bird performing the behaviour, and precede more serious pecking. Severe feather pecking (SFP) causes the most damage to Cannibalistic pecking occurs when SFP the recipient; it consists of forceful pecks and pulls of has led to feather loss and bald feathers that are frequently eaten and results in feather patches. Pecking can then continue on loss especially on the back, vent and tail area. Victims of the skin, leading to wounds and may SFP often initially move away, squawk or confront the eventually lead to the victim’s death pecker in response to receiving SFP, which are painful. If due to excessive blood loss, tissue SFP continues, however, victims have also been observed damage & infections. -
Chów I Hodowla Zwierząt Gospodarskich Na Przestrzeni 70 Lat - Problemy I Wyzwania
70 LAT g | 1950-2020 { m x z b Chów i hodowla zwierząt gospodarskich na przestrzeni 70 lat - problemy i wyzwania Zakład Hodowli Drobiu Zakład Hodowli Drobnego Inwentarza Instytutu Zootechniki PIB MONOGRAFIA Kraków 2020 Chów i hodowla zwierząt gospodarskich na przestrzeni 70 lat – problemy i wyzwania Zakład Hodowli Drobiu Zakład Hodowli Drobnego Inwentarza Instytutu Zootechniki PIB MONOGRAFIA Kraków 2020 1 INSTYTUT ZOOTECHNIKI PAŃSTWOWY INSTYTUT BADAWCZY 32-083 Balice, ul. Krakowska 1 tel. 12 3572500 fax 12 422 8065 www.izoo.krakow.pl facebook.com/IZOO.PIB twitter.com/iz_pib [email protected] Monografia pod redakcją: prof. dr hab. Dorota Kowalska dr hab. Katarzyna Połtowicz, prof. IZ PIB Recenzenci: prof. dr hab. Grażyna Jeżewska-Nitkowska prof. dr hab. Stanisław Socha Opracowanie redakcyjne: mgr Danuta Dobrowolska Opracowanie graficzne, projekt okładki i skład tekstu: mgr Bogusława Krawiec Fot. na okładce: archiwum Zakładu Hodowli Drobnego Inwentarza J. Calik, K. Anders ISBN 978-83-7607-353-8 © Copyright by Instytut Zootechniki PIB Ark. wyd. 15,1 Ark. druk. 14,4 Druk: Zespół Wydawnictw i Poligrafii IZ PIB 2 PRACE NAUKOWE Z ZAKRESU HODOWLI DROBIU I DROBNEGO INWENTARZA W INSTYTUCIE ZOOTECHNIKI PAŃSTWOWYM INSTYTUCIE BADAWCZYM 3 Spis treści Zakład Hodowli Drobiu ..................................................................... 5 Zakład Hodowli Drobnego Inwentarza ............................................. 121 4 Zakład Hodowli Drobiu 5 Spis treści rozdziału Zakład Hodowli Drobiu 1. Eugeniusz Herbut, Katarzyna Połtowicz: Rys historyczny ……………………………………………..…………… 7 2. Józefa Krawczyk, Jolanta Calik: Genetyka i bioróżnorodność drobiu …..………………………………… 17 3. Ewa Sosnówka-Czajka, Iwona Skomorucha: Systemy utrzymania a produkcyjność i dobrostan drobiu …….………..... 38 4. Iwona Skomorucha, Ewa Sosnówka-Czajka: Wpływ różnych technologii chowu na produkcyjność i dobrostan kurcząt brojlerów …………………………………………………………………. -
UPC Fall-Winter 2009 Poultry Press
Fall-Winter 2009 Volume 19, Number 3 PoultryPromoting the compassionate and respectful Press treatment of domestic fowl Chosen one of the BEST Nonprofit Publications by UTNE magazine UPC# 11656 United Poultry Concerns P.O. Box 150 Machipongo, VA 23405-0150 (757) 678-7875 FAX: (757) 678-5070 Visit Our Web Site: www.upc-online.org Photo © Davida G. Breier & www.NoVoiceUnheard.org UPC sanctuary turkey, Amelia, sits quietly in her favorite nesting place. UNITED PO U LTRY CON C ERNS WWW .upc -ONLINE .ORG Volume 19, Number 3 Ritual Sacrif ice: “The reduction of living beings to objects upon whom atrocities can be heaped.” -Maxwell Schnurer, “At the Gates of Hell,” Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? By Karen Davis, PhD, President of United A bum conceit, but how much different is it from Poultry Concerns advertisements claiming that chickens want to be selected as the tastiest sandwich or that pigs are dying he idea that some groups were put on the to become an Oscar Mayer wiener? Animals who are earth to suffer and die sacrificially for a otherwise maledicted as “dirty” and “stupid” acquire Tsuperior group goes far back in time. The their value in being slaughtered for the “higher” species. idea is deeply embedded in human cultures, including They are decontaminated by being cooked and elevated the culture of the West, which is rooted in ancient by being absorbed into the body of a human being. Greek and Hebrew modes of thought, and incorporated Surely they must relish their privilege. in Christianity, where these roots combine. Animal sacrifice is not just an anachronism in these “.