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(Mother Hens' Uropygial Secretion Analogue) Sur Le Stress Des Poulets

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(Mother Hens' Uropygial Secretion Analogue) Sur Le Stress Des Poulets TTHHÈÈ SSEE En vue de l'obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIV ERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par L'Institut National Polytechnique Discipline ou spécialité : Pathologie, Toxicologie, Génétique & Nutrition Présentée et soutenue par Iltud MADEC Le 19 mai 2008 Titre : Effets du sémiochimique MHUSA (Mother Hens’ Uropygial Secretion Analogue) sur le stress des poulets de chair. Approches zootechnique, physiologique et comportementale. JURY Pr Jean DAYDE, Président. Pr Xavier MANTECA, Rapporteur. Pr Giovanni RE, Rapporteur. Pr Patrick PAGEAT, Tuteur. Dr Jean-François GABARROU, Tuteur. Pr Xavier FERNANDEZ, Membre. Dr Anne-Marie LESENEY, Membre. Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingéniéries Unité de recherche : Institut de Recherche Phérosynthèse, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan Directeur(s) de Thèse : Pr Vassilia THEODOROU Rapporteurs : MM. les Pr X. MANTECA et G. RE SOMMAIRE Remerciements Liste des publications Liste des sigles et abréviations Liste des illustrations INTRODUCTION Partie I : contexte de l’étude Partie II : objectifs de travail et résultats Partie III : discussion générale CONCLUSION Bibliographie Table des matières 1 « On aime sa mère presque sans le savoir, et on ne s’aperçoit de toute la profondeur des racines de cet amour qu’au moment de la séparation dernière. » Guy de Maupassant 2 Remerciements Ce mémoire n’est pas un aboutissement, mais une étape. Néanmoins ce moment marque, comme tous les moments forts d’une vie. Il faut maintenant passer à autre chose en se servant de cette dernière comme d’un atout. Cette étape m’a vu grandir et évoluer vers une certaine forme de maturité, j’espère en faire partager mon entourage. C’est ce dernier, tant professionnel que personnel (parfois les deux sont conjugués), que je souhaite remercier dans ce message. Je voudrais avant tout remercier tous les membres du jury, dont une force, à l’heure de la mondialisation, est de compter MM Xavier MANTECA et Giovanni RE, respectivement espagnol et italien, comme rapporteurs de mon travail. C’est pour moi une grande fierté. Bénéficier du soutien de MM jean DAYDE et Xavier FERNANDEZ apporte un crédit scientifique supplémentaire au jugement de mon travail. Merci à eux de me faire l’honneur de leur présence. Pour m’avoir fait toucher la recherche et m’avoir accompagné dans mes années étudiantes, je souhaite remercier Jean-François GABARROU, de l’Ecole d’Agriculture de PURPAN. Je le remercie également d’avoir eu confiance en mes capacités et d’avoir mis ce travail sur les rails, conjointement avec PHEROSYNTHESE, dont je suis un témoin de l’évolution depuis ces quelques (huit !) années passées. Son Directeur, Patrick PAGEAT, a été un formidable relais en ce qui concerne ma formation scientifique. Je lui sais aussi, et surtout, gré de m’avoir apporté autre chose qu’uniquement une connaissance et une formation scientifique, dont je ne pouvais me satisfaire. Anne-Marie LESENEY a, quant à elle, observé le long cheminement qui m’a fait l’homme que je suis aujourd’hui ; il était inconcevable de ne pas l’avoir dans ce jury de qualité. Enfin, je remercie vivement Vassilia THEODOROU pour avoir pris la direction de cette thèse, mais que des obligations professionnelles ont empêchée d’assister à la soutenance. PHEROSYNTHESE est une équipe qui a beaucoup évolué. C’est un plaisir de partager un aboutissement tel que ce travail avec tous ses membres. J’y suis arrivé comme salarié, j’y ai aujourd’hui des attaches. Au sein de cet Institut de recherche, M Hugues de LEYSSAC, sans jamais remettre mes choix scientifiques en cause, a débloqué les fonds nécessaires à la bonne marche de mon travail : je le remercie de cette marque de confiance. Le long processus aboutissant à ce mémoire m’a fait passer par divers types de travaux. Le bureau est une chose, mais la recherche ne se conçoit pas sans 3 « manips ». A PHEROSYNTHESE, à l’INRA de Tournefeuille (salut à toute l’équipe, particulièrement à Mathilde et à Hélène pour leur aide), dans les élevages (hommage aux travaux de Anne, de Delphin et de Didier ; à la collaboration du Dr Chabrol, de M Grinan et des éleveurs). Une réussite comme celle-ci ne peut aboutir sans soutien personnel. Toutes les personnes qui sont à l’origine de ce que je suis aujourd’hui y ont contribuée. Je voudrais citer en particulier mes parents, géniteurs qui ont ensuite façonné le personnage, doivent être fiers du fiston. Personnellement, je suis fier des expériences acquises grâce à eux. Notre famille est dispatchée entre quatre zones géographiques (très) éloignées, mais la mondialisation nous rapproche. Ce soutien vient aussi des proches, que l’on reconnaît dans les moments difficiles où la peur est plus forte que tout. Bruno, Lionel et Dominique sont de ceux-là parce qu’ils savent comment je fonctionne. Les proches nous soutiennent et nous aident : merci à mes deux correctrices attitrées pour leur acharnement à me faire écrire français. Ce soutien vient aussi des très proches. Pour boucler la boucle de cette tirade et reparler d’étape, nous y sommes une fois de plus. Celle-ci est différente. J’espère que tout ce que nous avons connu jusqu’à présent est anecdotique par rapport à ce qui nous arrivera, ensemble. Quoiqu’il arrive. 4 Liste des publications Journaux à comité de lecture Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, H. Eutamene, C. Lecuelle, L. Bougrat, M. Levêque, V. Theodorou and P. Pageat. Influence of a mother-hen odorous secretion on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and immune reaction in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) experiencing a standardized stress-eliciting situation. Soumis pour publication à Brain Behaviour and Immunity, le 02 août 2008. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, E. Gaultier, J. Bowen and P. Pageat. Effects of a maternal odorant on innate fear response in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus). Soumis pour publication à Applied Animal Behaviour Science, le 19 mars 2008. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, D. Moulin, L. Bougrat, C. Lafont-Lecuelle and P. Pageat. Effects of a semiochemical on Conversion Index and related indicators on fast growing broilers housed during 42 days. Accepté pour publication à Poultry Science, sous réserve de modifications, version révisée soumise le 21 mars 2008. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, D. Saffray and P. Pageat Broilers (Gallus gallus) are less stressed if they can smell a mother odorant. Accepté pour publication au South African Journal of Animal Science, publication prévue dans le Vol. 38 n°3, août 2008. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou and P. Pageat. Influence of a maternal odorant on copying strategies in chicks facing isolation and novelty during a standardized test. Accepté pour publication à Neuro-Endocrinology Letters, publication prévue dans le Vol. 29 n°4, août 2008. Í Madec, I., P. Pageat, L. Bougrat, D. Saffray, C. Lafont, C. Falewee, M.A. Gervasoni, A. Bollart and J.F. Gabarrou. 2006. Influence of a Semiochemical Analogue on Growing Performances and Meat Quality of Broilers. Poult. Sc., 85, 2112-2116. Í Madec, I., P. Pageat, L. Bougrat, C. Lecuelle-Lafont, D. Saffray, C. Falewee, A. Bollart, P. Chabrol and J.F. Gabarrou. 2008. Influence of a preen gland secretion on growth and meat quality of heavy broilers. Animal, 2:4, 631-635. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, D. Guillaumey, L. Bougrat, C. Lecuelle and P. Pageat. 2008. Are 35 days enought to observe a reduction of stress by using a hen’s semiochemical analogue on chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) housed under high density? Poult. Sc., 87, 222-225. 5 Congrès et parutions dans les annales de journaux à comité de lecture Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, A. Bruneau, L. Bougrat, D. Saffray, B. Silliart and P. Pageat. 2004. The use of a hen’s odorant analogue to control stress consequences in broilers. Poult. Sc., 83, suppl. 1, 920. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, A. Bollart and P. Pageat. 2006. Effects of a semiochemical analogue on meat quality of twelve weeks old label broilers (preliminary results). World’s Poult. Sc. J. 62, suppl., 253. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, D. Guillaumey and P. Pageat. 2006. Effects of a semiochemical analogue on stress parameters of four weeks old broilers (preliminary results). World’s Poult. Sc. J. 62, suppl., 577. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, D. Moulin, D. Guillaumey and P. Pageat. 2008. Using a semiochemichal enhances growth and reduces stress in fast growing broiler chickens (Gallus gallus). Preliminary results. Poult. Sc. 64, suppl. 2, 322-323. Í Madec, I., E. Gaultier, J.F. Gabarrou and P. Pageat. 2008. A mother-hen odorant reduces stress reactions in chickens (Gallus gallus). Poult. Sc. 64, suppl. 2, 382. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, V. Theodorou, H. Eutamene and P. Pageat. Using a mother- hen odorant reduces stress and moderates the immune system in chickens (Gallus gallus). Preliminary results. Poult. Sc. 64, suppl. 2, 269. Congrès avec comité de lecture Í Pageat, P., I. Madec, D. Saffray, C. Lafont. 2004. Picking and mutual feather picking in poultries: differential diagnosis. Proceedings AVSAB, Philadelphia, USA, 35-36. Í Madec, I., D. Saffray, J.F. Gabarrou, C. Lafont, L. Bougrat, J. Gigante and P. Pageat. 2005. Comparison of the behaviour of three groups of chickens during their growth. Proceedings 5th IBVM, Minneapolis USA, 78-81. Í Madec, I., J.F. Gabarrou, D. Saffray, C. Lafont, M.A. Gervasoni, A. Bollart and P. Pageat. 2005. Influence of a putative appeasing pheromone on behaviour of broilers: a tool for a better understanding of behaviour – preliminary results. Proceedings 5th IBVM, Minneapolis USA, 257-261. Í Alnot-Perronin, M., I. Madec, C. Lafont and P. Pageat. 2006. Behavioral and biological evaluation of psitacids suffering of stress-related disorders. Proceedings 12th ECABM, Ghent, Belgium, 44-45.
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