Name of Nurseryman)

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K. K.L. Wheeler. Nantes, Services des Espaces, Collections, 1980. Orthographic error for R.L. Wheeler. K. Ohara. (Name of Nurseryman). (C.japonica), Nuccio's Nurseries Retail Price List, 1993-1994, p.10: Originated by Kinji Ohara, Chiba, Japan. Medium to large size, white semi-double. Petals become frilly, wavy and upright as flower matures. Blooms mid-season to late. See colour

plate between pp.36-37, International Camellia Journal, 1993. K.O. Hester. (C.reticulata), SCCS., Oct.1972, The Camellia Review, vol.34, No.1, p.15: A chance seedling of C.reticulata ‘Tali Oueen’, (Dali Cha), released by Nuccio’s Nurseries, Altadena, California, USA. A very large, medium, orchid pink, semi-double with irregular, upright petals. Vigorous, open growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated by K.O. Hester, Laguna Hills, California. See colour photo facing p.52, American Camellia Yearbook, 1973. Front cover, SCCS, 1973, The Camellia Review, vol.34, No.3.Macoboy, 1981, The Colour Dictionary of Camellias, p.159. Sport: K.O. Hester Variegated.

K.O. Hester Variegated. (C.reticulata), Cannon, 1979, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.34, No.4 as ‘K.O. Hester Var.’ - Medium, orchid pink, blotched white. Originated in USA.

K.I. Karata. Meyer Piet, 1978, SCCS., The Camellia Review. Orthographic error for Kikarako.

K. Sawada. (C.japonica), Overlook Nursery Catalogue, 1940-1941, pl.19: (US Patent No.431). This new Camellia was created by Overlook Nursery, Mobile, Alabama, USA. The flowers are pure white, very double and fully imbricated. It is usually 10-12 cm across, but often larger. It has 50-70 petals, the edges roll inwards and symmetrically overlap each other. When fully open it sometimes shows a few petaloids or yellow stamens in the centre. It blooms mid-season. The leaves are medium in size and thickness, elliptic to lanceolate, serrated, leathery and dark green. Synonym: ‘Silver Moon’. Originated from seed imported from Japan. First flowered 1933. For black and white photo see p.188, Hertrich, 1954, Camellias in the Huntington Gardens, vol. I. Chinese synonym ‘Sawada’.

Kabai. ACS., 1974, The Camellia Journal, vol.29, No.1. Corruption of the Japanese name Kôbai.

Kabinkakushi. (Concealing the Vase), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: A large, single, red with one row of petals. Different reading: ‘Kaheikakushi’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kabo. Shao, Taichong, 1992, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.76, No.321. Chinese synonym for the New Zealand C.hybrid Grace Caple. Kabuki. (Kabuki). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.155 with colour photo; Medium size semi-double, red blothed with white. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves ovate, medium size. Upright growth. A natural seedling of

Tamagasumi, released by Yasushi Ihara in 2001. From Niigata Pref., Japan. Kabutoyama. (Mount Kabuto), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr. 1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, as ‘Kabuto-yama’: Small to medium size, deep red, tubular single from Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Blooms mid-season.

Kachô. (Flowers and Birds), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.11: Medium size, red, rose form double to formal double. Late blooming. Originated in the Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Note: This name came from “Kachô-fûgetsu” meaning flowers, birds, wind and the moon; symbolising the beauty of nature. Named and released by Yoshio Yamada in 1983.

1 Kachô. (Flowers and Birds), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Large size, white, semidouble with two rows of petals; very early flowering. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.81. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Note: This name came from “Kachô-fûgetsu” meaning flowers, birds, wind and the moon; symbolising the beauty of nature. Kaen-no-taki. (Fall of Flame). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.53 with colour photo; English translation p.35. Small, red, bowl shaped single with tubular stamen cluster. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright, somewhat vigorous. A seedling of unknown parentage, originated and released by Mamoru Naitô in 1997. From Niigata Prefecture. Kaerimi. (Looking back on Something). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.53 with colour photo; English translation p.34. Medium size, pink, flat single with circular stamens. Flowers mid-season. Leaves ovate, medium size, flat. Upright, vigorous growth. A natural seedling of Yukimiguruma, names and released by Totsurô Nakamura in 1975. From Tokyo. Kaeruyamabito. (Returned Hermit), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû:- Red, marbled and splashed white, large, double, petals thick, stamens cylindrical. Originated in Japan. Different readings: ‘Kisanjin’, ‘Kisan-no-hito’, ‘Kizanjin’. (Believed extinct.)

Kaeshitamazusa. (Returned Love Letter), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: White. Medium size single, long petals, magnolia form. Different readings: ‘Hengyokusyo’, ‘Kaesutamazusa’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kaesutamazusa. Different reading for Kaeshitamazusa. Kafeibei. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr, 5th August, 1992. Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Demi- Tasse. Kaga aka hassaku. (C.japonica), Camellia Photo Collection, 1997 Japan, p.24 with colour photo; small

red single, almost closed form with overlapping petals. Kagabeni-hassaku. (Kaga - Red Hassaku), (C.japonica), Andoh, 1974, International Camellia Journal, No.6, p.15 as ‘Kaga-beni-hassaku’: Rose-pink. Medium sized single. Early blooming. Origi- nated in the Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

Kaga-beni-shidare. (Kaga’s Red Weeper), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.188, colour photo and description: Medium size, deep red, wide campanulate single with 5 broad, emarginate, overlapping petals, and a central stamen cylinder with pink filaments, joined for the lower third, and golden anthers. Leaves mid-green, elliptic, apices acuminate, recurved, margins serrate. Blooms mid-season to late. Plant habit willowy and weeping. Originated in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.55

with colour photo; English translation p.36. Named and released by Tokuji Ôoku in 1975. Kagabotan. (Kaga’s Peony), (C.japonica), Hino, Sukekatsu, 1637, Sukekatsukyôki; Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.388, 638: Medium sized, incomplete double, pink flowers with paler edges. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kaga-chiyozuru. (Kaga Thousand Year Crane), (C.japonica), Seibundô, Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.31, colour photo, p.206, description: Small, companulate single of 5-6 petals, pale pink and blush pink, streaked, splashed and freckled with carmine. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves small, elliptic, long acuminate, mid-green, serrulate. Originated in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Kaga-dono. (Lord of Kaga). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.55 with colour photo; English translation p.36. Medium size, pink fading to white in the centre, bowl shaped single, thick petals, cylindrical stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium

2 sized, recurved. A chance seedling of Seiôbo, originated and released by Tadao Yamaguchi in 1988. From Ishikawa Prefecture. Kaga-hassaku. (Kaga’s ‘Hassaku’), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, p.371; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.10, colour photo; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.329; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.32, colour photo, p.206, description: Small, white, cup-shaped single of 5 petals, 5-6 cm across with a fat, central cylinder of stamens, light, brownish yellow anthers, cream filaments. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves mid-green, elliptic to long-ovate, apex long-acuminate, margins coarsely serrate, thick, venation prominent. See p.49, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. “Kaga” is an old name for the Ishikawa Prefecture and ‘Hassaku’ is the first day of the 8th lunar month and, in this case, indicates early flowering. In the Edo era this variety was developed by “Kaga” retainers and prized for “Chabana” (Tea Ceremony). In the Chûbu district there a variety with same name of ‘Hassaku’ but it is a different camellia. In recent years the name was changed to Kaga-hassaku but in Kanazawa it is called ‘Hassaku-tsubaki’. Synonym: ‘Kaga-shirohassaku’.

Kagahyôgo. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.87: Medium sized, deep crimson, anemone form with pointed guard petals and a compact, petaloid centre. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kaga-jishi. (Kaga Lion), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.375, colour photo and description: Large size, white to pale pink with deeper pink and red stripes, peony form double with a row of large, rounded guard petals and a centre of small, erect petals, petaloids and stamens. Blooms early through mid-season. Leaves dark green, lanceolate, apices tapering acuminate, margins serrulate. Originated in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. A seedling of Kaga-hassaku. Originated, named and released by Tadao Yamaguchi in 1984.

Kaga-koshibori. (Kaga Small Spotted), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, 1978, vol.II, pl.354, p.145, description, p.249, 250: A medium sized, cup-shaped single with large, round, overlapping petals of white, lightly peppered, dotted and dashed with crimson, about 9 cm across and having a central, compact cylinder of stamens with yellow anthers and pale, cream filaments. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves dark green, large, broad-ovate, apex abrupt acuminate, mid-green, margins serrated. See p.251, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.31, colour photo. Originated in the Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.54 with colour photo; English translation p.35. A natural seedling of Kaga-hassaku from a private family in Kanazawa City. Originated by Torao Kaneko, named and released by Ryôji Nakamura in 1967.

Kaga-koshimino. (‘Koshimino’ from Kaga), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.86, black and white photo and description. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.31, colour photo, p.206: A soft, apricot pink, open, peony form with two rows of imbricated petals surrounding a centre of intermingled stamens and erect, fluted and folded petals. Leaves lanceolate, apex long-tapering acuminate, dark green, margins serrate. Early flowering. Originated with an old family in Unoki-chô, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Ryôji Nakamura in 1972.

Kagami. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.129, colour photo and description: Medium size, soft pink, fading to white at the centre, cup-shaped to ballon flower shaped, single, with 5 petals with rolled-in margins, broad, central stamen column with creamy filaments, joined for the lower half and yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves dark green, elliptic-lanceolate to broad-lanceolate, apices acuminate, margins sharply serrate. Originated in Hiroshima City. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1981.

3 Kagami-yama. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.480: Ihei Itô, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô: Light coloured, large flower. Resembles a chrysanthemun in form. Petals pink with broad, white edge. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kagamontana. Kitamura, 1950, as C.rusticana var. kagamontana Masam., Hokuriku Journal of Botany, 1954, 3(1): inside front cover.

Kaga-nishiki. (Ishikawa Brocade), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias in Japan, pl.385, p.196, description, p.204: Leaves dark green, thin, oblong to oblong-elliptic, gradually acuminate, impressed venation, margins dentate-serrulate, 7.4-8.4 cm long x 3.4-3.7 cm wide. Flowers semi-double, palest pink, striped with rose in various shades (Rose Madder 23/2, Spinel Red 0023 - 0023/2). Petals arranged in two concentric circles; outer, widely spreading, inner erect. Outer petals 7-11, inner 3-6; largest petal 5.2 cm wide x 3.7 long, shallowly emarginate. Stamens in two circles, mostly accompanied by a few petaloids. Late flowering. Originated in

Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Kaga-no-shira-ume. (White Plum from Ishikawa), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.32, colour photo, p.206, description: Medium size, white, single with 5, widely opening petals and a small, scattered cluster of yellow stamens, like those of a plum flower. Blooms late. Leaves ovate to wide-ovate, apex abrupt acute, finely, sharply serrate. See p.60, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Originated with a private family in Tsuruki Town, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Selected by Tamon Fukuoka, named and released by Ryôji Nakamura in 1950. Different reading: ‘Kaga-shiro-ume’. Kaga-no-ume. (Plum Blossom from Ishikawa), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.163, p.82,-description, p.137: Leaves large, ovate-elliptic to broad-elliptic, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, shiny, dark green, 9.5-11 cm long x 6.5-7 cm wide; petiole 10 mm long, very hairy. Flowers widely opened, single, 7-9 deep red (Cardinal Red 822/2). Stamen cluster, wide, scattered, 3 cm high, filaments yellowish. Mid-season flowering. Originated in the Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The name alludes to the form of the stamens like those in plum blossom.

Kaga-no-yûbae. (Ishikawa’s Sunset Glow), (C.rusticana), Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû No.7, p.103. Introduced by Suzuka. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.400, p.168, description, p.351; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.32, colour photo, p.206, description: Small, deep pink, formal double, 6-7 cm across, finely veined a deeper colour, 6-7 rows of oval petals becoming more cleft towards the outside rows. Large, shiny, dark green leaves, elliptic, apex tapering acuminate, margins coarsely, sharply serrate. Late blooming. See p.394, Yokayama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Originated in Unoki-chô, Kahoku-gun, Ishizawa Prefecture, Japan. Original tree was in the garden of Nakamura, Ryôichi. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.55 with colour photo; English translation p.36.

Kagari. Yokahama Nursery Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1895, p.12. Orthographic error for Kagiri.

Kagariba. SCCS., 1954, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature, p.55. Corruption of Japanese name Kagaribi.

Kagaribi. (Bonfire), (C.japonica), Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5. No description. SCCS., 1947, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature: Flame red. Large semi-double to rose form double. Originated in Japan. See Hertrich, 1955, Camellias in the Huntington Gardens, vol.II, p.185, black and white photo. Corruption of name: ‘Kagariba’

Kagaribi. (Bonfire), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.240, p.121, description, p.163: Leaves narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, thin, finely denticulate, 6.2-8.6 cm long x 4.2-4.5 cm wide; petioles 3-6 mm long, copiously hairy. Flowers peony form with narrow petals, deep red (Currant Red 821/3). Outer petals, 8-16, oblong, emarginate, recurved; inner petals 22-70,

4 narrow, wrinkled, intermingled with the stamens. Flowers late. Originated in Japan by Mr Kobayashi, Yatsu-chô, Toyama Prefecture. Kaga-shiro-shidare. (White Weeping from Kaga). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.54 with colour photo; English translation p.36. Medium size, white, trumpet shaped single, cylindrical stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, plicate at centre ribs. Weeping branches. A cultivar at a private family in Kanazawa City, selected by Baizan Nakamura, named and released by Ishikawa Camellia Enthusiasts Club in 1976. From Ishikawa Prefecture. Kagashidare. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.332, p.138. Synonym for Shiroshidare-tsubaki.

Kaga-shirohassaku. (Kaga’s White Hassaku), Andoh, 1974, International Camellia Journal, No.6, p.15 as ‘Kaga-shiro-hassaku’: Synonym for Kaga-hassaku.

Kaga-shira-ume. Inazawa Nursery Co. Ltd. Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.1, A-23. Different reading for Kaga-no-shira-ume.

Kaga-tsubaki. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, p.142. Synonym for Shirokarako.

Kaga-wabisuke. (Wabisuke from Ishikawa), (Wabisuke), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.299, p.127: Small, pink, tubular form of 5-6 petals, 3 large, complete petals and 2-3 smaller, incomplete petals with a small central bunch of stamens. Early flowering. Leaves elliptic with long acuminate apex, mid-green, shallowly serrate. Originated in Kanzawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture Japan. Named and released by Ishikawa Camellia Enthusiasts Club in 1976. Synonym: ‘Niza’emon-wabisuke’. See also: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.32. For botanical drawings, colour photo and description see pp.18-20: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1982, Tsubaku Tokushû No: 11.

Kaga-yagura. (Ishikawa Turret), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.208, p.105, description, p.151: Leaves broadly elliptic, olive green, wavy, lateral veins impressed, 5.8-8.5 cm long x 2.8-4.6 cm wide; petioles 3-4 mm long, copiously hairy. Flower hose-in-hose type, rosy carmine (Carmine 21/1), petals strongly recurved at the apex, larger outer petals, 7-13; inner 4-10. In between the outer and inner petals and the centre are stamens with 3-10 petaloids. Flowers mid-season to late. Originated by Mr Iwata, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. “Kaga” is the old provincial name for Ishikawa while “Yagura” is a turret or piled up structure, alluding to the hose-in-hose flower.

Kaga-yûzen. (Ishikawa Muslin), (C.rusticana), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.264, p.122, description, p.330: Medium sized, red, spotted white, single, 5-7 petals, emarginate, slightly twisted, central stamen cluster, pale yellow anthers, creamy filaments. Leaves obovate-elliptic, mid-green, finely, shallowly serrate, apex acuminate. Mid-season blooming. See p.329, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, colour photo, p.32, description, p.206. Originated in Noda-chô, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Pre- fecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.55 with colour photo; English translation p.36. Dwarf growth. Named and released by Ryôji Nakamura in 1970.

Kagazome. (Ishikawa Colour), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.132. No description. Originated in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

Kagekiyo. (Hero of a Yôkyoku Drama), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.190, p.96, description, p.154: Strongly, wavy, magnolia type of snow camellia. Leaves obovate-elliptic to elliptic, suddenly acuminate, light green, minutely denticulate, impressed venation, 6.4-7.6 cm long x 3.1-3.9 cm wide; petiole 6 mm long, very hairy. Flowers, deep red, (currant red 821/2) petals 15-18 with 1-4 smaller, folded petals inside; oblong, emarginate, wavy. Flowers mid-season. Originated by Mr Sekijirô, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.33, colour photo.

5 Kage-nishiki. (Shadow Brocade), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: This flower has many pink petals with red dapples. See JCS., 1981, Tsubaki, No.20, p.111. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kageori-nishiki. (Fawn Coloured Brocade), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.11: White with blush base at start of blooming, changing to pure white on which appears a pink wave pattern. Medium size double with round petals. Originated in Japan. Dif- ferent reading: ‘Kanoke-ori-nishiki’.

Kagetsu. (Flower Moon), (C.sasanqua), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: White, semi-double with 2 rows of petals; early flowering. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.81. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kagetsu. (Excellent Moon). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.57 with colour photo; English translation p.38. Small, pale pink, tubular to bowl shaped single, rounded petals, cylindrical stamen column. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, somewhat plicate in the centre. Somewhat upright. A chance seedling of Shiratama, originated by Nobuo Sasai in 1980, released in 1997. From Okayama Prefecture. Kagetsu. (Hazy Moon), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei, Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.56. Different reading for Kasumeru-tsuki in Hyakuchinshû, Sakuden, 1630.

Kageuemon. Shirai, Mitsutarô, 1926, Tsubaki Kai. Synonym for Kageyuza’emon.

Kageyuza’emon. (Discerning Yuza’emon), (C.japonica), Hino, Sukekatsu, 1637, Sukekatsukyôki; Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.15: A large, light pink, formal double with colour fading to almost white at petal margins. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kange-yusa’emon’. (Believed extinct.) Synonyms: ‘Kageuemon’, ‘Kakezaemon’.

Kagikagira. (Old Bonfire), (C.japonica), SCCS, 1954, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature: Red lined with white. Large, cupped semi-double. Variant Japanese transliteration of unknown origin.

Kagiku. (C.japonica), Santa Rosa Nursery Catalogue, 1949-1950. No description.

Kagira. SCCS., 1950, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature, p.43. Corruption of Japanese name Kagiri.

Kagiri. (Limit), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1710, Zoho Chikinshô, vol.1; Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Iwasaki, 1829, Honzô Zufu; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô; Kasuya, Kamegorô. 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki. See colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.81. Tuyama. 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.64. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.94. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.416. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.32, colour photo, p.206, description: Medium size, formal double, white, 8-9 cm across, imbricated, with many, small, pointed petals, high centre. Leaves broadly elliptic, a little undulate, dull, dark green. Slow, bushy growth. Late blooming. Originated in Kantô, Japan. Synonyms: ‘Pine Cone White’, ‘Matsukasa Alba’, ‘Matsukasa White’, ‘White Matsukasa’, ‘Gloria’, ‘Kagiri-tsubaki’. Corruption of Japanese name: ‘Kagari’, ‘Kagira’. Pseudonyms: ‘Dante’, ‘White Kagura’. Resembles: Furansujiro, ‘Nankinjiro’, Hasumijiro and Alba Plena. The name means “limits”, perhaps the limit of beauty.

Kagirihôkan. (Limits Crown), (C.japonica), Usami, Naohachi, Ca.1910, Nagoya Chinzu’e: Purplish white, small size, single, anemone centre. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1965, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.6, p.127. Originated in Japan.

Kagiri-tsubaki. Nagoya Chinzu’e (ca.1910). See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1985, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.6, p.127; Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.132. Synonym for Kagiri.

6 Kagirobi. ACS, Yearbook 2011, p.86. Orthographic error for Kagirohi. Kagiro’i. (Morning Glow). (C.japonica), Yamaguchi Tsubaki-en Mail Order List, 1995-1996, No.617: Originated in Japan by Yamaguchi Tsubaki-en. Medium size anemone form with 8-9 guard petals, light red with a wide white border. Rare colour. A chance seedling of Helen Boehm that first flowered 1993. Kagirohi. (First Light of Dawn). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.56 with colour photo; English translation p.37. Medium size, light yellow, formal double with ball-like buds. Flowers late. Leaves narrowly elliptic, veins obscure. Upright growth. A cross between C.nitidissima and C.japonica Silver Chalice. Under application to the registration of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fishery, Japan. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1996. From Osaka. Kagoshima. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1733, Chikinshô Furoku, vol.3, as ‘Kagoshima-tsubaki’; Itô Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Red ground with white spots. Medium, formal double. See colour photos: Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.3. Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.295; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.284; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.97; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989. Nihon no Chinka, p.329. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.33, description, p.206: A red, marbled and spotted with white, sport of Matsukasa. Base colour rosy red, (Claret Rose 021), A medium large, rose form double with the petals arranged like the scales of a pine cone. Gynoecium poor. Flowers mid-season to late. Synonyms: ‘Pine Cone’, ‘Kagoshima-tsubaki’, ‘Matsukasa-shibori’. Originated in Kantô area, Japan. Chinese synonym: ‘Luerdao’

Kagoshima. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: This flower has narrow, white petals with crimson dapples. The ends of the petals are round. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kagoshimabeni. Inazawa Nursery Co. Ltd. Catalogue, 1980-1981. Synonym for Matsukasa.

Kagoshima-benten. (Kagoshima Goddess), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.317, colour photo and description: Medium size, deep red, formal double, occasionally showing an abortive stamen or petaloid in the centre when fully opened, with 9-10 rows of imbricated, rounded petals, pine cone form. Blooms late. Leaves dark green, with genetic variegation of pale, yellowish green, oblanceolate, apices acute, margins serrulate. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan. A sport of Kagoshima. Named and released by Tokuji Ôoka in 1980.

Kagoshima-tsubaki. Itô, Ihei, 1733, Chikinshô Furoku and Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306. Synonym for Kagoshima.

Kagotsurube. (Well Bucket), (Higo), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.267, p.117; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.34, colour photo, p.206, description: Crimson sometimes splashed with white, large, Higo form with 6-7 petals, 8-11 cm across and a spreading burst of 150-180 stamens, petals large, emarginate to multiple notched, edges sometimes fluted. Leaves, glossy, deep green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins serrulate. Mid-season blooming. See p.170, Yohoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Originated in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Designated as a Higo by the Higo Society in 1970.

Kagura. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5. Abbreviation for Daikagura.

Kagura Gishi. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.121. Corruption of the Japanese name Kagura-jishi.

Kagura-jishi. (Sacred Lion Dance), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki in section on peony form as large size, pink; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Light pink. Large peony form. See colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, 7 pl.105; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.324; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.380; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.33, colour photo, p.206, description: Light pink, occasionally with rare crimson streaks, medium size, anemone form, with two row of guard petals, some crinkles, and a centre of small, folded, erect petals mixed with stamens. Leaves deep green, elliptic, apices acute, margins finely serrulate. Corruption: ‘Kagura Gishi’. Originated in Kantô District, Japan. Synonyms: ‘Kagura Pink’, ‘Pink Kagura’. Resembles Shishigashira.

Kaguraga-oka. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Very large size, double, red, with white streaks and splashes, divided stamen cluster. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.76. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kaguramai. (Sacred Lion Dance), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino. 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.247, colour photo and description: Small size, dark crimson, with a white moire, campanulate single with a central stamen column having red filaments, joined for the lower third, and bright yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves bright, mid-green, elliptic to narrow-elliptic, apices long tapering acuminate, margins shallowly serrate. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. A variegated sport of Kon-wabisuke.

Kagura Pink. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Synonym for Kagura-jishi. Kaguya-hime (Chûbu). (Dazzling Princess – Chûbu). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.56 with colour photo; English translation p.37. Small and large stripes of red on pale pink ground, single, thick petals, tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers early to late. Leaves broadly elliptic, medium size, flat. Somewhat upright and vigorous. A chance seedling of Tatsuta-nishiki. Originated, named and released by Toshiaki Kosaki in 1980. Kaguyahime (Kantô). (Dazzling Princess-Kantô), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.32, colour photo, p.206, description: Small, deep pink, single, 6-7 rounded over-lapping petals, opening widely campanulate with a compact, central stamen column, golden anthers, pale cream filaments. Leaves ovate, dark green, acuminate, finely serrate. Early flowering. Originated in Kantô District, Japan. Kaguyahime is the heroine of a famous Japanese fable, the “Moon-child” of the Bamboo Cutter’s Tale also known as Teruko (Child of Light). Parentage unknown, named and released by Yoshizawa Camellia Nursery in 1970s. From Saitama Prefecture.

Kaguyahime (Niigata). (Dazzling Princess - Niigata), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.33 colour photo, p.206, description: Small, single, red with white blotches. Petals 5, somewhat irregular, overlapping, cup-shaped. Short, compact stamen column with protruding stigma. Leaves dull, dark green, lanceolate, sharply serrate. Originated in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Tokuji Ôoka in 1974.

Kaguyama. (Kagu Mountains), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.368: Medium sized, white, incomplete double, 4-5 rows of ragged petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kahê. Different reading for Kahei.

Kahei. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Itô Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.I; Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Iwasaki, 1829, Honzô Zufu,; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1841, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Large flower, pure red with snow-white spots, peony form. Mid-season flowering. Different reading: ‘Kahê’. Sport: Kahei-shibori. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kahei-shibori. (Kahei’s Variegated), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irot- suki. A distict variegated form of Kahei. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kahô. (Flower Jewel), (C.japonica x C.sasanqua) JCS., Japan Camellia, 1962, No.25, p.10, pl.5, black and white photo: Pale, peach pink with vertical red marks, campanulate single, medium to 8 large; cylindrical stamen cluster, bucket shape, petals thick. The young branches and the main veins on the back of the leaves have luxuriant, minute hair. Blooms mid-season. A seedling from the cross C.japonica Takara-no-hana x C.sasanqua Omoi-no-mama. Originated in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Originated, named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1982. Kahô (Brilliant Phoenix) (C.japonica) from Ibaragi Pref, Japan Camellia No.81, August 2006: Soft pink, peony form double, very large, blooming in March to April. Tree spreading. Leaves somewhat large. Parents unknown. First flower seen in 2003. Found and named by Kunimitsu Suzuki. Kahô. Different reading for Hanatakara from Chûbu. Kahong. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.409; Chinese synonym for the Italy C.japonica Alessandro Carmine. Kai Mei’s Choice. (C.sasanqua x C.reticulata). Camellia Forest Nursery Catalogue, 1995, p.6, (CP.7): Large, three dimensional, rose form flowers which open to a clear rose red in autumn and early winter. The flowers are striking in colour and form with the delicateness of C.sasanqua.

Originated by Dr Clifford R. Parks, Chapel Hill N.C., USA and named for his wife. Kaia-nichiki. (Chinese Brocade), Tokio Nursery Catalogue, 1896, p.13. Orthographic error for Kara-nishiki.

Kaiboshi. (Star in Kai), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.451: Small, crimson, semi-double with inner row of petals standing erect. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kai is the old name for the Yamanashi Prefecture. Kaidamo. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.417; Chinese synonym for the Japan C.japonica Keizaemon. Kaidi. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.418; Chinese synonym for

the USA C.japonica Katie. Kaidô. (Quince Flower), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.310. Single, tubular stamens, peach pink with red base. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kaidô. (Quince Flower), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô; Okumura, ca.1810, Chinka Hini’i. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.82. Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.657: Large size, 5 petalled single, white with blush pink in centre petals, gold stamens, white filaments. Originated in Japan. Synonym: ‘Kaidô-tsubaki’. (Believed extinct.)

Kaidô. Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1939-1940, p.20. Abbreviation for Kaidômaru.

Kaidômaru. (Name of a Boy in old Literature), (C.sasanqua), Ashizawa 1898, Chabaika Taishû: Large size, cardinal red. Originated in Japan.

Kaidômaru. (Name of a Boy in old Literature), (C.sasanqua), Kajitsu-en, 1905, Chabaika Meikan; Nihon Shubyo Co. Catalogue, 1910: Red, large. See colour plates: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.549, p.216; Ishii’s Selected Japanese Camellias, 1970, pl.22, p.102, 103: White flushed red towards the petal edge. Large semi-double with curled edges. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kwaidômaru’.

Kaidômaru. Synonym for ‘Higo-kaidômaru’. Kaidomaru. Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.47. Synonym for Versicolor (Sawada).

Kaidô-sazanka. (Quince Flower Sasanqua), (C.sasanqua), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1968, pl.510: A single sasanqua with 5 white, twisted and notched petals, with a touch of rose-pink at their apex, bronwnish anthers, white filaments. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kaidô-tsubaki. Shirai, Mitsutarô, 1926, Tsubaki Kai. Synonym for Kaidô.

9 Kaifuren. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr, 25 May 1990. Chinese synonym for Lady Kay. Kaigirobi. ACS Yearbook 2011, p.86, caption to photo. Orthographic error for Kagirohi. Kaigo. Different reading for Tamasaka.

Kaikeizan. (Mount Kaikei), (C.sasanqua), Itô Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e: Very large size, white. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kaikôka. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô: Japanese name for C.sasanqua. Chinese reading: ‘Hai- honghua’. Synonyms: ‘Senko-sancha’, ‘Cha-ume’.

Kairaki. (obscure), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, in section on sasanqua. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kairanbô. (Obscure). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.53 with colour photo; English translation p.35. A large, changing to white, flat single, thick petals, long tubular stamen cluster. Flowers mid-season. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, curved outwards. Upright, vigorous growth, branches somewhat weeping. Believed to be a seedling of Miyakodori. Named and released by Kan Utsugi in 1985. From Chiba Prefecture. Kairyu-cha. Japanese group name for Wabisuke. Ono, 1803, Honzô Kômoka Keimô; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô. Chinese reading: ‘Hailiu Cha’. Kaisai. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr 5th August, 1990. Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Kick-Off. Kaiselin. Gao, Jiyin, 1998, The World's Best Camellia Cultivars, p.51. Chinese synonym for Katherine Nuccio.

K’ai Shih-san Sheng. Yang, 1965, Camellia Varieties of Taiwan. Different reading for Kaishisan Sheng.

Kaishisan Sheng. (The Champion of 13 Provinces), (C.japonica), Yang, 1965, Camellia Varieties of Tai- wan, p.5 as ‘K’ai Shihsan Sheng:’ Flower large, pink, formal double. Leaves large, 7.2-11.5 cm long x 2.8-5.3 cm wide, elliptic, acute apex, margins serrated. Originated in China. Kaixuan. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.417; Chinese synonym for the Japan C.vernalis Gaisen. Kaixuanmen. (Triumphant Entry), Gao & Zhuang, 1989, The Camellia in China, p.71, No.508. Chinese synonym for Feather’s Arch of Triumph.

Kaiyier. Chinese synonym for Australian C. japonica Kayel.

Kaizan. (Founder of the Temple), (C.japonica), Kaempfer, 1712, Amoenicarum Exoticarum; Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.316, 404, 491; Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô, The three plates show a somewhat similar camellia, a large size, semi-double white with various red stripes and splashes. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.79. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kajaku-tsubaki. Valdosta Camellias, ACS., Nov.1990, The Camellia Journal, vol.46, No.4, p.22. Corruption of the Japanese name ‘Kujaku-tsubaki’, (Hakuhan-kujaku).

Kajigasaku. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.11: Very small size, deep red, sake cup form, single. Late blooming. Originated in the Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Kajigawa. (Kaji River), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.34, colour photo, p.207, description: Small, blush pink, of 5 irregular sized petals, cup shaped, and a butter yellow, compact stamen cluster. Leaves broad-lanceolate, apex abrupt acuminate, finely serrate, glossy, mid-green. An old camellia in the Kansai district, origin obscure.

10 Kajun. (obscure), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.709: Medium size, dark

crimson, single. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kakawaji-tsubaki. (obscure), (C.japonica), Hamamatsu, Utakuni, 1825, Setsuyô Kikan, vol.23. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kakehashi. (Suspension Bridge), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: Petals are single and white and have red dapples. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kakehashi. (Suspension Bridge), (Higo), Uekiya, Bunsuke, 1830, Uekiya Bunsuke Hikki. Hiratsuka, 1964, Higo Camellia, p.14, 41: Medium size, 8 cm across single Higo form, white with red and pink streaking and about 100 stamens in an open burst, gold anthers, yellow filaments. Originated in the Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.33, colour photo.

Kakehi. (Raised Conduit), (C.japonica), Shirai, Mitsutarô, 1926, Tsubaki Kai: Bright red, single, large. Originated in Japan.

Kakezaemon. Hino, Sukekatsu, 1637, Sukekatsukyôki. Synonym for Kageyuza’emon.

Kaki. (C.japonica), Williams and Thompson, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.40. No description. In a list of Japanese Camellias imported by Mr Uyematsu, Star Nursery, Montebello, California. The name is probably a corruption of its Japanese name as it is unknown in Japan. “Kaki” can mean either a hedge or a persimmon.

Kaki. (C.japonica), Roguson’s Garden Nursery Catalogue, 1961: Light pink. Medium, formal double, erect growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated at Roguson’s Garden Nursery, Florence, South Carolina, USA.

Kaki-ha-shiratama. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of Japanese name ‘Kakuba-shiratama’, synonym for Rôgetsu.

Kakinomoto. (Personal Name), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyô.1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e: Large size, deep pink flower. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kakinomoto is the famous poet who compiled Manyôshû.

Kaki-no-uchi. (Growing within a Hedge), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellia of Japan, pl.319, p.161, description, p.185: Leaves narrowly ovate-elliptic to elliptic, apex long acuminate, undulate, venation slightly impressed, about 6.2 cm long x 2.2 cm wide; petiole 5-6 mm long, hairy. Flowers, single, white with slightest nuance of pink, striped pink (Rose Madder 12/3) in various degrees. Petals 5, thin texture, irregularly lobulated. Staminal tube, 3.5 cm high, narrow, filaments white with brownish-black anthers. Flowers mid-season to late. Originated in the Shirahata-machi, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Kaki-no-uchi. (Inside a hedge). (Wabisuke). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.261 with colour photo; Small red single, tubular form and tubular stamens. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves ovate, flat, medium size. Upright growth. A seedling of Tarôkaja, named by Sanae Taniguchi, Tokyo, Japan in the 1980s.

Kakirenge. (Persimmon Lotus Flower), (C.japonica), Shirai-bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô; Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: This flower has many pink petals which resemble cherry blosson. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.78. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kakitsu. Sakata Catalogue, 1939; Chûgai Catalogue, 1939-1940. Different reading for Hanat- achibana. Kakôden. (Temple of Flower Fragrance). (C.japonica), Chinka-en Niigata Retail Price List, 1994-1995

with colour photo: small red single with central bunch of stamens. Originated in Japan.

11 Kakubanzan-kurenai. (Kakuban Mountain Red), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.11: Small to medium size, deep red, campanulate single. Blooms early to mid-season. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.56 with colour photo; English translation p.37. Small to medium size, deep red, tubular to trumpet shaped single with thick petals, plicate in the centre, cylindrical stamen cluster. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas in Tottori Prefecture, named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1981. From Tottori to Okayama Prefecture. Kakuba-shiratama. Minagawa, 1933, Chinkashô. Different reading ‘Kakuha-shiratama’. Corruption: ‘Kaki-ha-shiratama’. Synonym for Rôgetsu.

Kakuchôcha. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306. Different reading for the Chinese Heding.

Kakuha-shiratama. Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties in Japan, p.8. Different reading for ‘Kakuba- shiratama’, synonym for Rôgetsu.

Kakugan. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue as a synonym for ‘Shiro-kiji’ a corruption for Shiragiku.

Kakuju. (Felicitations on long life), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.260, p.115, description, p.237: Large, campanulate, crimson single, 8 cm across with golden anthers and pinkish filaments in a compact stamen cylinder. Early flowering. Leaves, elliptic, 11 cm long, mid-green, serrate, apex acuminate. See Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.32, 206; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka p.211, colour photo and description. Originated in Toyama, Japan. Different reading: ‘Kakujyu’. Local synonym: ‘Daifukkô’. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.56 with colour photo; English translation p.37. A natural seedling of Seiôbo. Found by Hideo Hori in 1980s, named and released by Zenji Kamo.

Kakujyu. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.32. Different reading for Kakuju.

Kakumôi. Sakata & Co. Nursery Catalogue, 1939. Different reading for Tsuru-no-kegoromo.

Kakure-iso. (Hidden Beach), (C.japonica), Andoh, 1974, Tsubaki Nyûmon, black and white photo No.65, p.51. Colour photo, p.27, Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.366. Tsutomu, Suzuki, 1984, Chabana Koyomi, vol.1, Tsubaki, p.63.. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.273. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.33, colour photo, p.206: Medium size, single, 8-9 cm across, 6-7 petals, purplish scarlet at haft, becoming closely veined and having a definite, white edge, flat with some fluting at apex. Compact stamen cylinder with golden anthers and creamy filaments. Early to mid-season flowering. Medium, compact, upright growth, a little weak. Early to mid-season flowering. Originated in Kansai, Japan. A sport of Nihon-no-homare. Synonym: ‘Kyô-no-homare’. Chinese synonym: ‘Jinsiyu’, later changed to ‘Yinji’.

Kakure-mino. (Straw Raincoat of Invisibility), (C.japonica), Tsubaki Meikan, 1968, Chûbu Tsubaki Kyôkai. No description. Originated in the Chûbu District, Japan.

Kakuresato. (Hidden Village), (C.sasanqua), Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.45; ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.34, as ‘Kakure-sato’: Medium size, rose-pink, single. Early blooming. Originated in Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. Kakusei. (Crane’s Call). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.56 with colour photo; English translation p.37. Small, white, tubular to trumpet shape single, slender petals, plicate in the centre, cylindrical stamens. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. A chance seedling of Hatsu-arashi, originated by Nobuo Sasai in 1983, released in 1997. From Okayama Prefecture.

12 Kalaidun. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.409; Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Clarise Carleton. Kalaien. Gao, Jiyin, 1998, The World's Best Camellia Cultivars, p.139. Chinese synonym for E.T.R. Carlyon. Kalanchoe. The Pacific Camellia Society, 1946, Camellia Nomenclature, p.19. Synonym for Kingyo-tsubaki. Kalarena. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1954, p.317, Reg. No.177: A chance 20 year old seedling originated by J. Hertz Brown, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA, that flowered for the first time 1950. Plant growth is upright and slow with oval, dark green leaves, deeply serrated. Flowers are formal double, similar to Alba Plena, watermelon red, 30-50 incurved petals, tipped with purple, similar to ‘Mathotiana’ (Julia Drayton), 10-12 cm across. Flowers mid-season. Kalgoorlie Storm. (C.japonica), ACRS, Camellia News, 1992, No.123, p.4, Reg. No.405: Originated by Keith Abbott, Rossmoyne, Western Australia. A chance seedling that first flowered 1985. A formal double red (RHS.CC.72D) flower of 66 petals, 9 cm across x 5 cm deep. Early flowering on a dense, upright, rapid growing bush. Leaves matt green, oval and curled, acute

apices, serrulate, 12 cm long x 7 cm wide. Folded petals, free flowering. Flowers shed whole. Kalimna. (C.reticulata), ACRS., 1970, Camellia News, No.40, p.26, Reg. No.123: Originated by E.R. Sebire, Wandin North, Victoria, Australia. A chance seedling of ‘Crimson Robe’ (Dataohong) that first bloomed 1967. Plant habit is open, upright and vigorous. It produces 15 cm, bright red, incomplete double flowers with 16 upright, wavy petals in mid-season. The deep green leaf is 11 cm x 5 cm, reticulate with pronounced serration.

Kallista. Waterhouse, 1952, Camellia Trail, pp.18, 27. Synonym for Contessa Paolina Maggi Rosea. Kaloer. Gao, Jiyin, 1993, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.68, No.542. Chinese synonym for the Australian C.pitardii hybrid Annette Carol. Kaluoer Boshi. Shao, Taichong, 1992, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.76, No.333. Chinese synonym for the USA C.reticulata hybr. Dr Emil Carroll. Kaluolin. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.409; Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Caroline Browne. Kalv. van Geert Nursery Catalogue, 1845. Orthographic error for Calvi.

Kalvisi. van Geert Nursery Catalogue, 1845. Orthographic error for Calvi.

Kalvisii. Catalogue des plantes cultiveés la Société d’Horticulture de Belgique, 1842, p.22. Ortho- graphic error for Calvi.

Kamakichi. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû- in the section for yellow variegated leaves. Kamakichi is the name of a nurseryman. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.166. Synonym: ‘Kama-tsubaki’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct)

Kamakichi-kifu. (Kamakichi’s Yellow Variegated), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû. Listed in the section for yellow variegated leaves. The pattern of variegation is different to the former camellia. Flower, small size, white. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.166. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different readings: ‘Kamakichi-kihu’, ‘Kamakichi-kimadara’.

Kamakichi-kifu. (Kamakichi’s Yellow Variegated), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, in section on variegated leaves: Small size, single, red flower. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) See JCS., 1969, Tsubaki, No.7, p.37.

Kamakichi-kihu. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.133. Different reading for Kamakichi-kifu.

Kamakichi-kimadara. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Different reading for Kamakichi-kifu.

Kamakura. Nihon Shokobutsu Kaisha Ltd. Catalogue, 1912-1913. Synonym for Kamakura-- sazanka.

Kamakura. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Hino, Sukekatsu, 1637, Sukekatsu Kyôki, as ‘Kamakura-tsubaki’; Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.698: Small, red, rose form double with 4-5 rows of imbricated petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kamakura. (Place Name), (C.x vernalis), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.664; Shirai- Bunko,1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: deep red with white spots, large, long petals, opens widely. Originated in Japan. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.81. (Believed extinct.)

Kamakura-kifu. (Kamakura with variegated margin), (C.japonica), Itô Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Small, red, single. Leaf with yellow margin variegation. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kamakura-kihu’. (Believed extinct.)

Kamakura-kihu. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.133. Different reading for Kamakura-kifu.

Kamakura-sazanka. (Kamakura sasanqua), (C.sasanqua), Kaempfer, 1712, Amoenatatum Exoticarum as ‘Commakura Sasanka’: Red with white blotches. Single. Originated in Japan. Abbreviation: ‘Kamakura’. (Believed extinct.) Note: This may be the same as the C.x vernalis Kamakura above.

Kamakura-shibori. (Kamakura Dappled), (C.x vernalis), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.11: Red dotted white and flashed deeper pink. See colour photos: p.115, Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.563, p.219: Small sized, open, campanulate single with 6-7 petals, oblong, emarginate, red with white blotches; compact, central stamen column, anthers golden, filaments yellow. Leaves medium, mid-green, broad-ovate to elliptic, apex acuminate, recurved. A triploid cultivar of the “vernalis” group. Abbreviation: ‘Kamakura’. Originated in Japan.

Kamakura-shibori. Synonym for the C. x vernalis Shokkô-nishiki.

Kamakura-tsubaki. Hino, Sukekatsu, 1637, Sukekatsukyôki. Synonym for Kamakura. Kamanshi. (See Note). (C.japonica), Nagoya Camellia Society Bulletin, No.25, 1992, p.5, colour plate No.16: Originated by Kôji Funakoshi, Nagoya, Japan. A chance seedling of ‘Saga- hatsuarashi’ (Hatsuarashi-saga). Flower shape resembles Tôkasen. Medium single of 8 petals; dark pink, finely peppered red. Slightly fragrant. Blooms mid-season to late. Note:

‘Kamanshi’ was an ancient Chinese court singer, famous for her exotic beauty. Kamasyaw. Forrest, 1985, Trees and Shrubs Cultivated in Ireland, from camellia cultivars grown at the Mt. Congreve Gardens. The name is thought to be a corruption of an unknown Japanese name. Probably the same as Kamesyama.

Kamata-kasuri. (Striped Flower from Kamata), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.505: Small single with irregular petals, red marked with white and greenish pink. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading ‘Kamata-tobi’iri’.

Kama-tsubaki. Hantei, Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Synonym for Kamakichi. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.159.

Kameda-kozakura. (Kameda Small Cherry), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.11. No description. Originated in the Shimane Prefecture, Japan. 14

Kameda-no-shiraume. (White Plum Blossom of Kameda), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.11. No description. Originated in the Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.333 as ‘Kameda-Shiraume’, with black and white photo; English translation p.228. Medium size, white, flat single, widespread stamens, very early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected at a private family in Matsu’e City, named and released by San-in Camellian Club in 1983.

Kamegawa. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.119. Corruption of the Japanese name Kamogawa.

Kamegorô-hazamanofu. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.133 as ‘Kamegorô-hazamanohu’. Different reading for Kamegorô-ainofu.

Kamegorô-ainofu. (Kamegorô’s Marble Variegation), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû in the section of marble-like, variegated leaves. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kamegorô-hazamanofu’. Kamei. (obscure). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.63 with colour photo; English translation p.42. Miniature, deep red single, cupped petals, tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers early to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild camellia community growing in Shiroyama, named and released by Shiroyama Camellia Lovers Club in 1996. From Miyazaki Prefecture. Kamesawi. Forrest, 1985, Trees and Shrubs Cultivated in Ireland. A corrupt Japanese name, probably the same as Kamesyama.

Kamesyama. (C.japonica), RHS., 1968, The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, No.22, p.19: Camellias at Windsor. A corruption of an unknown Japanese name. Mount Congreve Garden Catalogue, 1967-1968, p.1: Double white.

Kameyama-no-yuki. (Snow on Kameyama), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.52, colour photo and description: Medium size, white, saucer-shaped, opening flat, single with 6-7 broad, over-lapping, emarginate petals, and a central stamen column with cream filaments, joined for the lower third, and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves dark green, elliptic. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture. Named and released by Kôsaku Masuda in 1980.

Kami-asobi. (Gods Playing), (C.sasanqua), Kajitsu-en, 1905, Chabaika Meikan: Large size, deep red with twisted petals. Originated in Japan.

Kamikaze. (Wind of the Gods), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.16: Flower medium size, white, gradually becoming reddish towards the periphery. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kamila. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.409; Chinese synonym for the Italy C.japonica Camilla Hebert. Kamimura. (Name of Town), (C.japonica), Nagoya Camellia Society Bulletin, Tsubaki, 1977, No.10: Originated by Sadashi, Tateno, Kamimura, Japan. A chance seedling, single, lily-shaped, 8 cm across with 5 petals, each 8 cm long, with tea-whisk type stamen tube. White to very pale pink with greenish tint at base. Late blooming. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.62 with colour photo; English translation p.42. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves

somewhat narrowly elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright growth. Kaminarimon-tsubone. (Thunder Gate - Court Lady), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.133. May be a corrupted name for Yoinimonsasu. Listed p.36, Takeda, 1908, Engei Burui. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1965, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.6, p.139.

15 Kami-tsubaki. (God’s Camellia), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.56. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kamitsubame. (God’s Swallow), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1949, Chinkashû: Small, white with red spots. Originated in Japan. Corruption of name: ‘Kami-tsubani’.

Kami-tsubani. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name Kamitsubame.

Kamitsuma. (Principal Spouse), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: Small size, deep rose-pink, single, with round petals. Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô as: Pink, single, small. Said to be synonymous with ‘Tsukimi-guruma-Nagoya’. Originated in Japan.

Kamiyama-nishiki. (Kamiyama’s Brocade), (C.rusticana), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.11: Very large size, pale rose-pink ground with small red dapples, double. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.63 with colour photo; English translation p.42. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves broadly elliptic, large, wavy. A chance seedling of Ezo-nishiki, collected in Niigata City, named and released by Jirô Kamiyama in 1969.

Kamiyo-tsubaki. Katayama, 1960, Tsubaki Ochabana. Different reading: ‘Jindai-tsubaki’. Synonym for Aki-no-yama-Kansai. Kamiyotsubaki. (C.japonica), Kyoto’s Camellias, 1996, Mizuno Katsuhiko, No.19 with colour photo; Semi-double light red with separated layers of petals. Growing at the Reikan-ji Temple, Kyoto, Japan.

Kamo. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.108: Medium size, dark vermilion, incomplete, three tiered double with a double row of outer guard petals, a ring of stamens, a crown of vertical petals with stamens in the centre. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kamo-fukurin. (Kamo’s Bordered Flower), (C.rusticana), Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, 1967, p.30, black and white photo. For colour photos see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.367; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1980, Senchinshû, p.37, colour photo, p.207; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.274, colour photo and description: Small, 6-8 cm across, pale pink single with dark pink petal margins, globe shaped, Stamens irregularly cylindrical, Early blooming. Leaves large, wide-ovate, petioles hirsute. Said to be a sport of Rôgetsu, named by Takeshi Watanabe in 1966. Originated in Toyama Prefecture, Japan by Kamo Yoshiharu.

Kamogawa. (The River through Kyôto), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1933, Chinkashû. For colour photos see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.73, p.61; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.27, p.14, description, p.93; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.39; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.36, colour photo, p.207: Leaves small, ovate-elliptic, light green. Flower, white, saucer shaped, single 6-7 petals; stamens in a ring, broad and short, anthers scattered, filaments pale yellow. Flowers midseason to late. Originated in Chûbu, Japan. Corruption of name: ‘Kamegawa’. Not the same as the ancient cultivar Kamogawa, following.

Kamogawa. (The River through Kyôto), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: A pink semi-double with small, red dots. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kamohonaja. Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures. Orthographic error for Kamo-honnami.

Kamohonami. Different reading for Kamo-honnami.

Kamo-honnami. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1934-1935, p.32: White, large, single. For colour photos see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.52;

16 Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.19, p.10, description, p.90; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.36; Macoboy, 1981, The Colour Dictionary of Camellias, p.60; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.48; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.37, colour photo, p.208, as ‘Kamohonami’: This variety is a famous old bush camellia from the Kansai District, Japan. Leaves broadly-elliptic, apex shortly acuminate, flat, deep green with glabrous petioles. Flower widely cup-shaped, 10-12 cm across, white with a rare red tick; petals broad, rounded at apex, reflexing upwards; stamens in a compact, simple tube. Flowers early to late. “Kamo-honnami” refers to Honnami, Kôetsu, the name of a famous sword connoisseur and tea virtuoso, 1558-1637. Synonymous with Mado-no-tsuki of Chûbu. Different readings: ‘Kamo-no-hon’ami’, ‘Kamohonami’, ‘Kamo-hon-ami’. Orthographic error: ‘Kamohonaji’. Synonyms: ‘Sotan’, ‘White Swan’, ‘Yoibijin Alba’, ‘Amabilis’ (United States). In America it has been erroneously equated with Amabilis and Yukimiguruma, both of which are different and distinct cultivars. Sports: Saga-honnami and Chûbu-manazuru. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.64 with colour photo; English translation p.43. Also said to be the same as Hakkan. Triploid.

Kamo-honnami Pink. ACRS. N.S.W. Foundation Branch Newsletter, Aug. 1987, No .7, p.6: A pink sport of Kamo-Honnami. Now reduced to a synonym for Saga-honnami.

Kamo-no-honami. Based on same characters as Kamo-honnami.

Kamo-hukurin. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.133. Different reading for Kamo-fukurin.

Kamo-nishiki. (Kamo Brocade), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.11. No description. Originated in the Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan.

Kamo-no-hana. (Flowers of Kamo), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.12. No description. Originated in the Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan.

Kamo-no-tsuki. (Moon of Kamo), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.36, description, p.207: Small size, very pale pink, campanulate single with a short, compact stamen cluster. Leaves ovate, mid-green, apex abrupt acute, shallowly serrate, Strongly recurved. Originated in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Zenji Kamo in 1980s.

Kamotsuru. (Kamo Crane), (C.japonica), Satô, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.80; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.49, colour photo and description: Medium to large size, white, open cup shaped single, 9 cm across, 5-6 large white petals with fluted edges and a large stamen circle with brownish yellow anthers and light cream filaments. Blooms early to midseason. See Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.51 as ‘Kamozuru’. Originated in Chûbu, Japan. Different reading: ‘Kamo-zuru’. A seedling of Kamo-honnami x Hatsukari (Chubu). Named and released by Minoru Satô in 1973.

Kamo-zuru. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.134. Different reading for Kamotsuru. Kamuden Gongyuan. Shao, Taichong, 1992, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.80, No.389. Chinese synonym for the Australian C.japonica Camden Park.

Kamura-tairin. (Large Flower from Kamura), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Single, cardinal red with white dots and large, inner curved petals. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.79. Different reading: ‘Shikamura-tairin’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kanaikari. (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Medium size, white with red spots. Originated in Japan.

17 Kanaoka-otome. (Kanaoka Maiden), (C.x vernalis), Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.48; ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.38: Medium size, crimson, formal double. Blooms mid-season. Originated in the Hyôgo Prefecture, Japan. Kanade. (Playing Music). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.62 with colour photo; English translation p.41. Small, palest pink, tubular to trumpet shaped single, plicate at the petals centres, cylindrical stamens. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Somewhat upright. A chance seedling of Tulip Time, originated by Nobuo Sasai in 1984, released in 1997. From Okayama Prefecture. Kanagi-hôgetsu. (‘Hôgetsu’ from Kanagi). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.333 with black and white photo; English translation p.228. Small to medium size, pink anemone. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size, thick. Upright growth. Selected from a private garden in Kanagi Town, Shimane Prefecture. Named and released by San-in Camellian Club in 1993. Kanasugi. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Mizuno Motokatsu, 1664, Kadan Kômoku: White spotted red, double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kanasugi-sangai. (Three Layer Kanasugi), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.459; Itô, Toku’emon, 1788, Tsubaki Hanagata Tsuki Obo’echô; Shirai-Bunko, 1812, Tsubaki Nayosechô; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.15; pale persimmon colour to white with red streaks, 4-5 rows of petals. Large size, peony form with red streaks on pink ground. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kanayama. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Ichijima, 1906, Kokon Yôrankô, reprint. No description. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kinzan’. (Believed extinct.) Kanbe. (Personal name). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.68 with colour photo; English translation p.46. Medium size, vermilion, bud-centred formal double, split stamens. Late flowering. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. One of the beloved camellias by Shôichi Kanbe, ex-assistant professor at Tokyo University, who died in World War II. Named and released by Totsurô Nakamura in 1994. From Tokyo. Kanbe-shibori. (Kanbe’s Brocade). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.68 with colour photo; English translation p.46. Medium size, white mottles on vermilion ground. Other details as for Kanbe. A virus-variegated form of Kanbe, named and released by Totsurô Nakamura in 1994. From Tokyo. Kanbotan. (Winter Peony), (C.hiemalis), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.38: Small size, deep red to crimson, lotus form double. Blooms early to mid-season. Chinese synonym: ‘Xiaomeigui’. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kancilang. Gao & Zhuang, 1989, The Camellia in China, p.74, No.544. Chinese synonym for Kanjiro. Previous spelling ‘Kanchilang’. Kanda-an. (Kanda’s Hermitage). (C.japonica), Kurume Camellia, 1997, English translation, p.23; Bright pink, medium size tubular single. Flowers mid-season. Originated in Japan.

Kandachi-no-kurenai. (Kandachi Red), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Cultivar List, p.11: No description. Originated in the Shiane Prefecture, Japan.

Kandakasuri. (Kanda Variegated), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.376: Small, white, single with dashes of violet pink and a short stamen cylinder with white anthers. Different reading: ‘Kanda-tobi’iri’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kanda-kôtokuji. (Kôtoku Temple in Kanda), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.175: Small, crimson, formal double with the colour fading towards the petal margin. Origi- nated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kanda-tobi’iri. Different reading for Kandakasuri. Kânei-shyon-tsubaki. (Carnation Camellia), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd. Catalogue, 1986-1987, A-213. Different reading for Kânêshon-tsubaki.

Kânêshon-tsubaki. (Carnation Camellia), (C.rusticana), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.168, p.92, description, p.315: Crimson, full peony form, 8-9 cm across with 13-16 waved and twisted petals like the flower of a carnation. Leaves obovate-elliptic, apex tapered acuminate, olive green, venation lightly impressed, margins sharply serrate. An old tree of about 200 years survives in Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Released in 1967 by Kurume Camellia Research Group. Different readings: ‘Kâneishyon-tsubaki’, ‘Carnation-tsubaki’.

Kangahaha. (Tough Mother), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchin Shû: Small, single, red with cylindrical stamen column. Different reading: ‘Tsuyo-shigahaha’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kangen. (Wind & String Musical Instrument), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.226, p.114, description, p.158 as ‘Kan-gen’: Leaves broadly-elliptic to broadly-oblong, apex shortly acuminate, depressed, serrulate margins, 6.6-9.2 cm long x 3.3-4.5 cm wide. Flower peony type, red, (Rose Opal 022) petals strongly wrinkled. Exterior petals, 12-15, widely emarginate and shallowly crenate. Stamens 2.9-3.5 cm high, irregular, spiralled or in a double circle, filaments pinkish yellow, becoming deep pink at the base, intermingled with petaloids and 7-10, small inner petals. Late flowering. Originated in Kamanaka Spa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

Kanglade Xierdun. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr, 30 July 1990. Chinese synonym for Shiro-daikagura as ‘Con- rad Hilton’. Kangmubo. Shao, Taichong, 1992, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.81, No.419. Chinese synonym for the USA C.reticulata hybrid Jean Comber. Kangte. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.426; Chinese synonym

for the Italy C.japonica ‘Conte Cavour’ (Conte di Cavour). Kani-obune. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name Ama- obune.

Kanjirô. (Personal Name), (C.hiemalis), Takii & Co. Ltd., 1954, Engei Shinchishiki: Deep rose shading to red at the petal margins. Large, semi-double. Originated in Japan. Synonyms: ‘Utamakura’, ‘Tachikan-tsubaki’, ‘Hiryu’(Australia), ‘Australian Hiryo’, ‘Australian Hiryu’, ‘Kankobai’, ‘Nagoya-sazanka’, ‘Beni-sazanka’. Chinese synonym: ‘Kancilang’. For colour plates see: p.175, Macoboy, 1981, The Colour Directory of Camellias and pl.535, Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.1, 1972, p.214. Very widely propagated in Japan and other countries.

Kanjirô-sazanka. Kondô, 1976, American Camellia Yearbook, p.111. Local Japanese name for C.hiemalis.

Kanjitsu. (Leisure Day), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias in Japan, pl.238, p.120, description, p.162 as ‘Kan-jitsu’: Leaves oblanceolate-elliptic, base cuneate, apex shortly acuminate, venation slightly impressed, margins minutely and densely serrulate., 7.7-8.6 cm long x 3.0-3.9 cm wide. Flowers peony type, dark pink, (Spinel Red 0023) but paler pink (Crimson 22/2) in the centre with a long, thin staminal group. Petals 12-18, central ones irregular and loosely wavy, deeply emarginate. Stamens divided, filaments creamy. Flowers mid-season to late. Originated in Japan by Mr Yasui, Yatsuo-chô, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

Kanka. (Flower Festival), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô: The corolla is wide and

19 variegated with a splashed pattern of red spots and a white ground. Large double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kankai-yusaemon. Different reading for Kageyuza’emon.

Kanka-kagiri. (Flower Festival Limits), (C.japonica), Usami, Naohachi, (ca.1910), Nagoya Chinzu’e: Large size, double, white. Resembles Kanka but no variegation. (Believed extinct.) See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1965, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.6, p.127. Originated in Japan.

Kanka-shibori. (Kanka Brocade), (C.rusticana), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: White, streaked and blotched pink. Large, peony form. For colour plates see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.198; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.382, p.203, descrip., p.203; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.331, p.340; Shufu-no-Tomo-Sha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, p.29; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.39, description, p.208: Leaves elliptic to ovoid-oblong, apex long acuminate, margins finely serrulate; petioles copiously hairy. Flowers of peony form, white, sparsely striped with rose. (Spinel 0625/1) Flowers mid-season. Originated in Japan. “Kanka” is an abbreviation of “Kanka-en”, a Camellia Garden of the Edo period. Sport: Fuiri-kanka-shibori.

Kanki. (Ecstacy), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.39, colour photo, p.208, description: Medium size, red, semi-double with 2-3 rows of large, cordate petals. The centre consists of a few, short stamens and an occasional, erect, small petal. Leaves ovate, dull, mid-green, margins serrulate, apex blunt acute. Originated in Jo’etsu City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected by Susumu Ishizawa, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1970. Kanki. (Bright Circle). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.67 with colour photo; English translation p.44. Small, crimson with white border, tubular to trumpet shaped single, slender petals and tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves somewhat narrowly elliptic, medium size. Upright growth. A chance seedling of Tama-no-ura, originated by Seiichiro Sasai in 1985, named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1997. From

Okayama Prefecture. Kankô. (Winter Sun), Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan: Synonym for Karabenten.

Kankô. (Famous Poet), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.361, p.183, description, p.197: Leaves large, thick, ovate to ovate-elliptic, apex suddenly acuminate, venation impressed, manifestly serrate at margin, 6.8-7.5 cm long x 4.1-5.4 cm wide. Flowers large, rosy pink with some deep, rosy red stripes, (Rhodonite Red 0022) semi-double, sometimes with petal edges white, petals loosely wavy, 8-12 large petals with 1-4 smaller, accessory petals. Stamens 3.5 high, a little irregular, often divided, filaments pale cream, and a few small, fan shaped petaloids. Flowers mid-season. Produces a number of sports of white, white with red streaks, or red flowers. For other colour plates see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.401; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1980, Senchinshû, p.39. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.351.; Originated in Japan in Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture. Named and released by Takashi Tsuyama in 1960. “Kankô” was the “nom de plume” of the famous poet Sugawara, Michizane, from Dazaifu.

Kankôbai. (Winter Red Plum), (Higo), Tamura, Teruo, 1956, Higo Tsubaki, Shinkaki, No.9: Red, single, with spreading stamens. Early flowering. Originated in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Kankôbai. (Winter Red Plum). (C.reticulata x C.sasanqua). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.67 with colour photo; English translation p.45. A medium to large, red single with apricot stamens like a Higo. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size, dull. A cross between ‘Crimson Robe’ (Dataohong) and Crimson King, named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1996. From Osaka. Kankobai. Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.48. Synonym for the C.hiemalis Kanjirô.

20 Kankodori. Different reading for Yobukodori.

Kanko-nishiki. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.3, as ‘Danko-nishiki’. Probably intended for Kanka-shibori. Kannon-cha. Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. No details. Kannong. Gao, Jiyin, 1993, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.63, No.450. Chinese

synonym for the USA C.japonica Marguerite Cannon. Kannonji. (Kannon Temple), (C.x vernalis), Tanaka et al., 1986, Journal of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 55(c):208. JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.50. A triploid cultivar of C.x vernalis from Japan. Medium size, semi-double, red, petaloid centre. Leaves 5.1 cm x 2.8 cm. Originated in Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan.

Kannonji. (Kannon Temple), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.618: A small, dark crimson, anemone with a central cushion of white petaloids. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Kannonji-tsubaki. (Kannon Temple Camellia), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: A red semi-double with white petaloids similar to Bokuhan. It is possible that this is the same as Bokuhan. The original tree was planted in the Kannonji, Shiga Prefecture.

Kanoke-ori-nishiki. Different reading for Kageori-nishiki.

Kanoko. (Fawn), (C.sasanqua), Kajitsu-en, 1905, Chabaika Meikan: Dark red, medium size. Originated in Japan.

Kanoko-shibori. (Dappled Fawn), (C.japonica), Uekiya, Seijirô, 1874, Tsubaki Hyakuro no Zu, vol.2, No.36: Single with 5 large, rounded, emarginate petals of pink with red markings towards their apex. A short, stamens cluster of large diameter in the centre. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, serrate. Originated in Japan.

Kanose. (Village Name), (C.japonica), Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan, p.17: Soft pink. Large semi-double to double. Vigorous, upright growth. Mid-season blooming. A place famous for its wild C.rusticana. Originated in Japan.

Kanose. (Village Name), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.207, p.105, description, p.151: Leaves ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, rounded at the base, acute at the apex, minutely serrulate at the margin, 6.7-7.5 cm long x 3.4-4.1 cm wide; petioles 7-8 mm long, very hairy. Flowers widely opened, irregular semi-double. Hairy petals 3, normal petals 13-16, the largest 6.5 cm long x 5 cm broad, often with additional, small petals erect among the stamens. Stamens 3.2-3.7 cm high, a little irregular, filaments deep creamy, palest pink downwards. Flowers midseason to late. Originated in a private garden, Kanose, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named by Mr Kawamura in 1964. See Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.36, colour photo, p.207, description.

Kanro. (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.134 as ‘Kan-ro’. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kansai-aki-no-yama. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.196, p.100. Different reading for Aki-no-yama-Kansai. Synonym: ‘Kamiyo-tsubaki’.

Kansai-hagoromo. Encyclopedua of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.215, p.106. Synonym for ‘Haruno-akebono’. Different reading: ‘Hagoromo-Kansai’.

Kansai-hô-ô-nishiki. Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.45. Synonym for Momoyama.

Kansai-kokuryû. (Black Dragon of Kansai), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.363, p.156, description, p.346: Deep dark crimson, rose form double to anemone form with 34 rows of imbricated, outer petals and a centre, mostly of petaloids with a few 21 anthers visible. Blooms late. Leaves dark green, lanceolate, apex tapering acuminate, margins serrulate. See also colour photo: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.39, and p.383, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. A different cultivar from the Kokuryû from Kantô, which has a formal double form. Originated in the Kansai area, Japan.

Kansai-murui-shibori. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40. Synonym for Murui-shibori- Kansai.

Kansai-negishikô. (Negishikô from Kansai), (C.sasanqua), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.34: Medium size, crimson, single. Early blooming. Originated in Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan.

Kansetsu. (Crown of Snow), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.325, p.137, description, p.246: A medium size, white, campanulate single, 6-7 cm across, 5-6 thick petals, short, pale yellow, stamen cylinder. Blooms early to late. Leaves ovate, apex blunt acute, fine, shallowly serrulate margins, whitish mid-green. Originated in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. A cultivar from a private family in Yonezawa City, named and released by Tokuji Ôoka in 1972. See also colour plate: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.31.

Kansitori. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue as ‘Kansi-tori’. Corruption for the Japanese name ‘Kankodori’, different reading for Yobukodori.

Kantan. (Ancient Chinese Place Name), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.379, 540: Large, white, peony form flower with yellow stamens and white filaments. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Kantan. (Meaning not certain), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô: Large, semi-double, white with red streaks. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô and Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki. Descriptions similar to that of the Kadan Chikinshô. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kantani. ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.13. Orthographic error for Kontani. Kantanka. (Winter Red Flower). (C.japonica), Yamaguchi Tsubaki-en, 1995-1996, No.618, Mail Order List: Originated by Yamaguchi Tsubaki-en as a chance seedling of Shiro-tarô’an. Bright red, cup-shaped, medium sized single with cylindrical stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Petals heavy texture and keep shape well. Originated in Japan. Kantebolei. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.413; Chinese synonym for the New Zealand C.japonica Canterbury. Kantô-hanamiguruma. (Kantô Flower Viewing Carriage), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40, colour photo, p.209, description: Large, single with 6-7, large, rounded petals, soft pink background, finely peppered and streaked carmine. Stamens in a large diameter, central cluster, like a Higo form. Leaves dark green, elliptic, recurved, margins serrulate. See p.280, 281, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Originated in Kantô, Japan.

Kantô-kyônishiki. (Kantô Capital Brocade), (C.japonica), Shufu-no-Tomo-sha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, p.29, colour photo: Medium size, single, 6-7 large petals, white to pale blush pink, peppered and streaked with red. Central stamen cylinder with golden anthers, pale, cream filaments, united in the lower half. Leaves rather small, elliptic, lustrous mid-green, apex tapered acuminate, margins serrulate, veins distinct. The variegated camellia from Kantô, Tokyo, Japan. Said to be a seedling of Kokinran. Resembles Kaza-ore. Synonym: ‘Kyônishiki’. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40, colour photo; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.259, colour photo. Kantô-shikainami. Synonym for Shikainami.

22 Kantô-sukiya. (Wabisuke) Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. Camellia from the Edo period. Flowers early to midseason. Kantô-tsukimiguruma. (Kantô Moon Viewing Carriage), (C.japonica), Shufu-no-Tomo-sha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, p.29, colour photo: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40, colour photo, p.209, description: Small size, tubular to campanulate, soft pink, single with compact, stamen centre. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves olive green, elliptic to obovate, base cuneate, apex tapering acuminate, margins serrulate. See colour photos: Katei Gahô, ed., 1984, Chabana Koyomi, vol.1, Tsubaki, p.49; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, pp.124, 125. Originated in Kantô district, Japan. Synonyms: ‘Tsukimiguruma’, ‘Momo- wabisuke’. See Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pp.25 & 210. Chinese synonym ‘Kantu’.

Kantô-tsubaki. Setoguchi, 1962 as a group name for the camellias from the Kantô area, Japan.

Kantô-yûzuki. (Kantô Evening Moon), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40, colour photo, p.209: Small, pink, campanulate, single with irregular sized petals and a compact stamen column. Leaves elliptic, dark green, apex acuminate, margins serrate, recurved. Originated in Kantô district, Japan. Synonym: ‘Nerima-tsubaki’.

Kan-tsubaki. ‘Winter Flowering Camellia’. A Japanese name for C.hiemalis Nakai. Also used as a synonym for Shishigashira. Reference: Nihon Engei Kai Zasshi, 1894. Also listed by Minagawa, 1933, Chinkashû as early blooming, true red, small size, double. Kan-tsubaki. (C.hiemalis). Dancraft Nurseries Catalogue, Wilberforce, NSW, Australia, 1997, p.1: Medium size bloom, white shading to pink, formal double, on a slow growing, upright plant. Originated in Japan. Kantu. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.426; Chinese synonym for the Japan C.japonica Kantô-tsukimiguruma. Kanya-no-tami. Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû. Different reading for Samuyo-no-tami.

Kan-yobukodori. (Kan’s Cuckoo), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.79, colour photo and description: Medium size, pale pink, urn-shaped single with 5-6 variable petals, some rounded, others pointed due to rolled in lateral margins, central stamen column, ivory filaments, joined for the lower third, anthers light yellow. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in the Ehime Prefecture, Japan. An old tree survives in Komatsu Town, history obscure. Named and released by Yoshiteru Kan around 1970.

Kanyô-bukuro. Wada, 1941, Garden Treasures of Japan as ‘Kanyo-bokuro’. Different reading for Kan’yôtai. Corruption of the name: ‘Kanyôbukuro’.

Kanyohtai. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki. Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214. Different reading for Kan’yôtai.

Kan’yôtai. (Imaginary bag of sun’s heat kept for winter), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1933, Chinkashû. Wada, 1941, Garden Treasures of Japan, p.30, as ‘Kanyôbukuro’: Large, smooth petalled double, fine red. For colour plates see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.115; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.185, p.94, description, p.144; Encyclopedia of Camellia in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.172; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40, description, p.209: Leaves elliptic to ovate-oblong, flat, venation slightly impressed. Flowers semi-double, rosy red, (Crimson 22/1) petals standing apart, outer petals slightly recurved, inner erect, stamens sometimes divided. Flowers mid-season. Originated in the Hyôgo Prefecture, Japan. Different readings: ‘Kanyôtai’, ‘Kanyohtai’, ‘Kan Yotai’, ‘Kanyô Tai’, ‘Kanyô-bukuro’. Corruption of name: ‘Kanytotea’.

Kanyototea. McIlhenny Catalogue, 1946-1947. Corruption of the Japanese name Kan’yôtai.

23 Kanzaki. (Winter Flowering), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki:- Single, winter blooming. There are two types, one white, the other is red. Originated in Japan.

Kanzaki-aka-wabisuke. (Winter Flowering, Red Wabisuke), (Wabisuke), Katayama, 1960, Tsubaki Ochabana: Small, single, red. Flowers early. For colour plates see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.276; Katei Gahô, ed., 1984, Chabana Koyomi, vol.1 Tsubaki, p.55; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, pp.160, 161. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40, description, p.208: Petals of irregular length, 3 long oval petals and 3 short ones around a small, abortive, stamen cluster. Leaves oval, flat, rigid, bright mid-green, cuneate base, tapering acuminate apex, serrulate margins. Originated in Kansai district, Japan. Old trees are found in the Mikawa District, Aichi Prefecture. Sometimes erroneously known as ‘Aka-wabisuke’. For botanical drawings, colour photo and description see pp.35, 36, 38, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1982, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.11. Synonym: ‘Aka- wabisuke’(Kanaoka). Resembles Beni-wabisuke but flowers and leaves are smaller.

Kanzaki-tsubaki. Tokio Kon-en, 1928. Synonym for Kanzaki.

Kanzaki-yabu. (Winter Flowering Bush Camellia), (C.japonica), Hagiya, 1984, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.39, No.2, p.18. The wild bush camellia, winter flowering. Originated in Japan.

Kanzaki-yatarô. (Winter Flowering Yatarô), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40, colour photo, p.209, description: Medium size, carmine, formal double with round, concave petals and a bud centre. Leaves broad-lanceolate, apex abrupt acuminate, dark, glossy green, venation slightly impressed, margins shallowly serrate. Originated in Kansai District, Japan. Discovered by Yoshio Nishihata, named after the owner, released in the 1950s.

Kanzakura. (Winter Cherry), (C.hybrid), ICS, Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Small size, rose-pink, fragrant, double. A seedling of Flower Girl x C.granthamiana. Originated in Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1980. Kaoersong. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.411; Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Bill Colsen. Kaokesi. Gao, Jiyin, 1993, The Observations from the Camellia World, No.573, p.70. Chinese

synonym for the USA C.japonica ‘Frank Cox’. Kaomise. (Debut), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.31, description, p.205: Medium size, red, peony to anemone form, with large, outer, guard petals surrounding a centre of small, twisted and folded petals. Leaves, obovate, mid-green, apex acuminate, margins finely serrulate. Petiole hirsute. Originated in Arai City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected by Susumu Ishizawa, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1970.

Kaomajima. SCCS., 1987, Camellia Nomenclature, p.135. Corruption of the name Kaonajimi.

Kaonajimi. (Familiar Face), (C.rusticana), Hagiya & Ishizawa, Mar.1968, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, black and white photo (6); colour photo, Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.31, description, p.205: Medium size, 8 cm across x 3 cm deep, scarlet, double with 3-4 rows of large, outer petals, totalling 20, mostly cordate, with the centre row erect around a small, divided centre of stamens, 15-30 in number, and the odd petaloid, filaments dark yellow. Blooms mid-season. Leaves narrow-elliptic to ovate, 7-8 cm long, base cuneate, apex tapering acuminate, margins shallowly serrate, dark green. Petiole hirsute. Originated in Nakakanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Corruption of the Japanese name: ‘Kaomajima’.

Kaori. (Fragrance Breaking), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.11. No description. Originated in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Kaori-botan (Fragrant Peony) (C.japonica) from Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan Camellia No.84, August 2007: Purplish red, peony form double, medium, occasionally split stamens, fragrant, blooming in

24 February to April. Leaves elliptic, medium. Tree upright. A crossing between a large flowered double and Kôshi. Produced by Shinichi Noguchi and named in 2003. Kaori-gozen. (Fragrant Lady), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.12: Medium size, pale pink ground, striped light red, sake cup single. Fragrant. Blooms mid-season to late. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.54 with colour photo; English translation p.35. Selected from wild japonicas growing on Miyakejima Island. Released by Takeo Ogawa in 1989. Former name ‘Hinoyama Yatô’. Kaori-hime. (Fragrance Weaving Princess). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.54 with colour photo; English translation p.35. Miniature, peach red, trumpet shaped single, cylindrical stamens. Fragrant. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small. Upright, slender branches. An interspecific hybrid between C.japonica Kôshi and C.lutchuensis. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata Prefecture, in 1990. Kaori-ichigô. (Fragrant No.1), (C.hybrid), ICS,. Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Very small size, pale rose-pink, single. Fragrant. A seedling of Bokuhan x C.lutchuensis. Originated in the Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.333, as ‘Kaori-1gô’, with black and white photo; English translation p.228. Leaves elliptic, miniature, dull. Dwarf, spreading growth, weeping branches. Named and released by Kazuo

Yoshikawa in 1980. Kaori-nigô. (Fragrant No.2), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr. 1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Very small size, rose-red, double. A seedling of C.japonica ‘Kujaku-tsubaki’ (Hakuhan-kujaku) x C.lutchuensis. Originated in Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.333, as ‘Kaori-2gô’, with black and white photo; English translation p.228 incorrectly as ‘Karori-nigô’. Miniature, pale pink, semi-double, fragrant. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, miniature, dull. Dwarf, spreading growth, branches somewhat weeping. Named and

released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1980s. Kaori-shibori-kingyo. (Perfumed, Variegated Fishtail), (C.japonica), JCS., 1988, Japan Camellia, No.29, p.4, colour photo: Small size, white with red streaks, campanulate single, with 6-7 overlapping petals, a short, central stamen cylinder with gold anthers and light yellow filaments. Leaves dark green, multi-apices, fishtail shape. Originated in Suginami, Tokyo, Japan.

Kaoyo. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.118. Abbreviation for Kaoyodori.

Kaoyodori. (Beautiful Bird), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Pink ground with red stripes; double; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Pink striped and spotted deeper pink, semi-double. For colour plates see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.180, p.314; Tuyama, 1968, Camellia of Japan, pl.350, p.177, description, p.194. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.323, p.142; Shufu-no-Tomo-sha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, p.31; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.347; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.31, description, p.205: Leaves broadly-elliptic to oblong, venation impressed, margins depressed crenate, dark green. Flowers rose form double, widely cup shaped, rosy pink (Spiraea Red 025/2) veined deeper colour, scantily, widely striped deep, rosy red (Spinel red 0023). Stamen cluster exposed when fully open, usually divided. Occasionally a self red flower occurs. Flowers late. Originated in Kantô, Japan. Corruption of name: ‘Kayo-nishiki’. Abbreviation: ‘Kaoyo’. The flower resembles that of Kayoidori. Different reading: ‘Gansedori’.

Kapo. Chinese synonym for NZ hybrid Grace Caple.

25 Kappa. (Imaginary little monster who lives in Japanese rivers), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.277: Small, white, peony form with centre of stamens with white filaments mixed with small, erect petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kara-ai. (Chinese Indigo), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshû, vol.1; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1858, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Large, red, double flower resembling Ryomen-sazanka. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kara-aya. (Chinese Twill), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô: White with red stripes, medium size, semi-double with cylindrical stamen group. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Karabashi. Different reading for Karahashi.

Karabenten. (Chinese Beauty), (C.japonica), Satô, 1963, Chûbu Tsubaki Kyokai, ed. Tsubaki Meikan: Red single, variegated leaves. See colour plates: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.449, p.184; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.34; Shufu-no-Tomo-sha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, p.48; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.153; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.38, description, p.208: Red, campanulate single of 5 large petals, widely opening with prominent, stamens cluster. Foliage mid-green with clear, creamy variegation, irregularly around the margins, distorting the leaf shape. Originated in Chûbu, Japan. Synonym: ‘Kankô’.

Karaboshi. (Chinese Star), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.369: Very large, double, dark crimson with white spots. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Karabune. Different reading for Karafune.

Karafune. (Chinese Boat), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.11: Pure white. Large, single with broad petals. Seed pod is pink. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Karabune’.

Karafusa. (Chinese Tassel), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Formal double, large size, deep red, peony form with white spots. Early flowering. Tateyama Nursery Cata- logue,1957: Medium size, red with white spots. Originated in Japan.

Karaginu. Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1937-1938. Different reading for Karagoromo.

Karagoromo. (Chinese Garment), (C.x vernalis), Minagawa, Iza’emon, 1885, Nisshôen Chabaifu; Tokio Kono-en Catalogue, 1928: Red, double, large, fragrant. Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1937- 1938: Red, full double with odour. Leaves variegated. Originated in Japan. Different readings: ‘Karaginu’, ‘Karakoromo’, ‘Kara-i’. Synonym: Hô-ô’.

Karagoromo-hoshi. (Spotted ‘Karagoromo’), (C.x vernalis), Minagawa Iza’emon, 1885, Nisshôen Chabaifu: A white variegated form of Karagoromo. Originated in Japan.

Karahashi. (Chinese Bridge), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Formal double. light red with white streaks, lotus flower form. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.80. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: White, striped pink, large, single. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Karabashi’. (Believed extinct.)

Karahito. (Chinaman), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki. Red with white dots, semi-double with 2-3 rows of petals. See: JCS., 1969, Tsubaki, No.7, p.25. Originated in Japan. Different readings: ‘Tôjin’, ‘Karabito’.

Karahusa. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.56, as ‘Kara-husa’. Different reading for Karafusa.

Kara-i. (Wild Boar), (C.japonica), Itô Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1: The corolla is red, medium size. Double flower, petal edges pointed. Medium size. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô. Different reading: ‘To-i’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

26 Kara-ito. (Chinese Thread), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1: The corolla is red, in two tiers, variegated with white, anemone form. Kara-ito is listed in the following publica- hons and said to be the same as the existing cultivar: Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Iwasaki, 1829, Honzô Zufu; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki. See following colour plates: Tuyama,1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.23; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.254, p.128, descript. p.16; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.370, p.158; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.368; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.37, description, p.208: Leaves obong-elliptic, lateral venation raised, grossly serrate. Flower of large, anemone form with the centre a mass of small petals and petaloids, loosely arranged, often exposing some stamens. Outer petals are red (Claret Rose 021), inner petals and petaloids variegated white. Flowers late season. Goshoguruma is a virus variegated form of Kara-ito. Kara-ito was listed by Kaempfer in his Amoenatatum Exoticarum, 1712. Originated in Japan.

Karajishi. (Chinese Lions), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.4: Large, dark crimson, peony form with white spots and some stamens visible in the central mass. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Karajishi. (Chinese Lions), (C.japonica), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.15; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Large, deep, rose red, peony with thick petals. See the following colour plates: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.116; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.169, p.92; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.38, description, p.208: Large, 12 cm across, deep rose-pink, peony form with 2-3 rows of large, emarginate, guard petals, totalling 20-15, the centre consishng of a mixture of fascicles of stamens among small, erect, folded petals. Leaves broad-ovate, mid-green, apex blunt acute, margins sharply serrate, venation impressed. Originated in the Kantô District, Japan. Resembles Benibotan. Different reading: ‘Kara-jishi’, ‘Kara-shishi’. Iwasaki, 1829, Honzô Zufu lists the name as a synonym for ‘Chiba-kô’.

Karajishi. (Chinese Lions), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Ihei 1695, Kadan Chinkinshô: Light pink with white spots, large size, single. Originated in Japan.

Karajusu. (Chinese Satin), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Tsubaki Kurabu, Tokushû, No.1, p.56. No description. Originated in Japan. Karaka Gem. (C.williamsii). NZCS Camellia Bulletin, No.171, March 2012, p.13 with colour photo. Regn No.493. A seedling of Haydon’s Compact, pollen parent unknown, first flowered in 2006. Plant is spreading, dense, and has a slow growth rate. Matt dark green leaves are small, 5 cm x 2 cm. Pink flower is RHSCC 64D, formal double, with about 70 petals, which are lightly cupped and slightly notched, plus about 10 small, folded centre petals. No stamens. Flowers midseason to late. Originated by Neville Haydon, Papakura, NZ. Karakagami-nishiki. (Chinese Mirror Variegated), (C.japonica), Uekiya Seigorô, 1874, Tsubaki Hyakuro no Zu, vol.1, No.1: Large, white, single variegated with pink and red stripes and small dashes of colour with a centre cushion of stamens. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Karakasa. (Chinese umbrella), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306 & 310: Large and convex. The corolla is thick and snow white. Resembles an umbrella in shape. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Karakawa. (Chinese River), (C.japonica), JCS., 1986, Japan Camellia, No.22, p.4, colour photo: Clear red colour. Single, small size, tubular flowers. The stamens, pinched in at apex, and pistil are enclosed, filaments are white making a contrast with the petals colour. Flower looks like a prototype for the wild, bush camellia. The leaves are small and in harmony with the flower.

27 Originated in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. An old wild camellia designated as a protected plant of Iyo City. Named and released by Tokihiro Kôno in 1980.

Karako. (Anemone), (C.japonica), Itô, Jukyû, 1738, Honzô Hanamaki’e. vol.15; Iwasaki, 1829, Honzô Zufu; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Row of 5-6 medium to large size, exterior petals with a cushion of small, folded petals or petaloids in the centre. The exterior petals are red and the petaloids have some white variegation. Originated in Japan. The translation of the name is “Chinese Child”, and indicates the hair style of a Chinese child in ancient times, which resembles an anemone form, but it is commonly applied to similar camellias with a tight, anemone centre. The Japanese call this form of bloom “Karakoi”. It has also been called “Koshimino” due to its resemblance in form to the farmers waist length, straw rain-cape. Resembles Benikarako.

Karako-benten. (Anemone Benten), (C.japonica), Perkins, 1975, American Camellia Yearbook, p.112: This has a two colour green variegation of the leaves and a small, light red, anemone form flower. Mid-season blooming. Originated in Japan.

Karako-gasane. (Double Anemone), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.250, p.126, description, p.167: Leaves broadly oblong to broady elliptic, apex suddenly acuminate, venation impressed, margins minutely serrulate, 5.8-8.2 cm long x 2.8-3.8 cm wide. Flowers medium peony to anemone form, with numerous petals and petaloids in the centre with an inner circle of larger petals among them, rosy red (Crimson 22 to 22/1). Large, outer, guard petals, 5-7, inner large petals 6-9 and smaller petals up to a number of 230 with a few petaloids. Anthers are divided into 2-3 concentric circles, filaments pale yellow to reddish. Flowers midseason. Originated in Japan in the Fukuoka Prefecture.

Karakoromo. Yashiroda, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.20. Different reading for Karagoromo.

Karakororomo. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name ‘Karakoromo’, different reading for Karagoromo.

Karakurenai. (Chinese Red), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: This flower has double, pink petals with the colour deepening towards the centre. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Karamatsu. Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Synonym for Tamatebako.

Kara-nishiki. (Chinese Brocade), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Red, double, blooms like 3 piled flowers called “Yagura” or “Turret” blossoms. Originated in the Shiga Prefecture, Japan. There are a number of cultivars which have carried the name ‘Kara-nishiki’, but this early one is now unidentifiable and considered extinct.

Kara-nishiki. (Chinese Brocade), (C japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu; Kasuya, Kamegorô. 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: This flower has many white petals with red marking. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Light pink ground, with red dots and streaks, dotted white. Large double. If these ambiguous descriptions are accepted as applying to the modern culhvar of the name see the following colour plates: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.193; Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.80; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.1, 1972, pl.307; Shufu-no-Tomo-sha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, p.29; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.343; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.38: These all show a large semi-double of 16-18, large, rounded, slightly emarginate petals in 2-3 rows with a background of white to pinkish white, variously, finely and densely marked with carmine with peppering, ticks, thin lines and an occasional splash. Leaves are lanceolate-elliptic, mid-green, apex blunt acute, margins serrulate. Originated in Kantô, Japan. The different reading ‘Tô-nishiki’ is used as the valid name for a different cultivar from Chûbu. Chinese synonym ‘Tangjin’.

28 Kara-nishiki. (Chinese Brocade), (C.japonica), Tokio Nurseries Catalogue, 1893, p.13 erroneously as ‘Kaianichiki’: Single, red variegated white. Originated in Japan.

Kara-nishiki. (Chinese Brocade), (Higo), Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan, p.16: White, blushed pink. Small. Originated in Japan.

Kara-nishiki. (Chinese Brocade), (C.sasanqua), Kajistu-en, 1905, Chabaika Meikan: Medium size, red with white spots and stripes. Originated in Japan.

Kara-nishiki-myôrenji. (Kara-nishiki from the Myôren Temple), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1967, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8. No description. Originated in Japan by Kamo Zenji. Kara-no-niji. (Rainbow of Tang Dynasty). (C.rusticana). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.158 with colour photo; Pale pink blotched white, small formal double. Flowers early to late. Leaves small. Shrubby growth. From a private garden in Agano City, Niigata Pref., Japan, released in 1998. Karasade. (Gods Leaving), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.448, p.117, description, p.238: Light red, single with one row of 5-6 large, outer petals, emarginate and wrinkled at the apex, surrounding a centre of white petaloids with a few, vestigial anthers. Blooms early. Leaves dark green, elliptic, apex acuminate. Seedling of Izumo-isahaya. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979 Senchinshû, p.38, colour photo. and p.355, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Originated in Matsu’e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by San-in Camellia Club in 1973. “Karasade” is a local religious ritual in the Shimane Prefecture, sending the Gods to heaven.

Karasaki. (Chinese Cape), (C.japonica), Itô, Toku’emon, 1788, Tsubaki Hanagata Tsuki Obo’echô; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Pale red, large size, double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Karasemi. Hosaka, 1937, Kamoku Zufu. Different reading for Utsusemi.

Karashishi. Different reading for Karajishi.

Karasumaru. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.98 colour photo: Small, deep red, campanulate single with 5-6 petals and a central, column of stamens, inclined to be pinched in at the top, pale yellow anthers, white filaments. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, shining, bright green, apex acuminate, margins shallowly serrate. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.65 with colour photo; English translation p.43. The original tree is growing in the garden of Saichi Miyazaki in Inazawa City, Japan. Named and released by Minoru Satô in 1973.

Kara-tsubaki. (Chinese Camellia), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.41: Large red, open, peony form. Different reading ‘Tô-tsubaki’. Originated in Japan.

Kara-tsubaki. (Chinese Camellia), (C.japonica), Okumura, ca.1810, Chinka Hini’i; Iwasaki, 1829, Honzô Zufu, Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô: Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Very large size, pure red, single, corolla convex, like a peony. Leaves large and lustrous. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kara-tsubaki. (Chinese Camellia), (C.japonica), Kyô no Tsubaki to Tera, 1981, pp.26, 27: Red, semi-double to open, informal double, 3-4 rows of waved and fluted petals showing a small, central stamen cluster when fully open. Leaves bright green, medium size, oval, apex suddenly acute, margins sharply serrate. Originated in Japan.

Karatsu. Synonym for Karatsu-kô.

Karatsu-kô. (Karatsu Red), (C.x vernalis), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Tanaka et al., 1989, American Camellia Yearbook, p.11: Red with white dots and streaks, small size, single. Originated in Japan. Synonym: ‘Karatsu’.

29 Karatsu. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Kyô no Tsubaki to Tera, 1981, p.65: Medium size, red, semi-double, sometimes with petaloids. Leaves, mid-green, elliptic, apex acuminate. Originated in Kyôto, Japan.

Kara-udo. Different reading for Karahito.

Karayae-tsubaki. (Chinese Double Camellia), (C.reticulata), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: Flower with many, large, crimson petals. Believed to be the same as Captain Rawes. See Yokoyama, 1981, JCS., Tsubaki, No.20, p.116.

Karaya-koshimino. (Karaya’s ‘Koshimino’), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Ichijima, 1906, Kokon Yôrankô; reprint. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Karazono. (Obscure), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: Flower with many petals, half is red, the other half is white with red spots. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Karel Albert. de Jonghe, 1851, Beknopte Handleiding tot het Kweeken von Camellias, p.125. Orthographic variant for Carlo Alberto. Karen Albritton. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, Aug. 1998, p.23, Reg. No.2467. A medium size, white with pink and rose streaks and stripes, peony form chance seedling. Flowers mid- season to late. Originated by Charles T. Elliott, Sr, Swainsboro, Ga., USA. American Camellia Yearbook, 1998, p.4, colour photo before p.1. The 10 year old seedling first flowered in 1994. Average flower size is 9 cm across x 5.7 cm deep with 25 petals, 3 petaloids, golden anthers and creamy filaments. Plant growth is upright and slow, with leaves 9 cm long x 4.5 cm wide. Karen Gilley. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1983, p.161, Reg. No.1884: A large, dark red, semidouble, C.japonica chance seedling of Ville de Nantes, mid-season flowering. Originated by Paul Gilley, Grand Ridge, Florida, USA. Average flower size is 12 cm across x 4 cm deep with 10 petals, pink anthers, yellow filaments. Plant growth is upright and average with light green leaves, 7.5 cm x 3.9 cm.

Karen Henson. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1980, p.168, Reg. No.1615: A small, vibrant rose, formal double, C.japonica chance seedling, mid-season flowering. Originated by Tom Eagleson, Port Arthur, Texas, USA. First bloomed 1975. Average flower size 6-7.5 cm across with 56 petals. The plant is upright and compact with dark green leaves, 6 cm x 3.8 cm. Orthographic error; ‘Kaven Henson.’

Karen Piet. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1986, The Camellia Review, vol.48, No.2, p.7: A Billie McCaskill seedling, very dark red, formal double, 8-10 cm across with incurved petals. Originated by Meyer Piet and Lee Gaeta, California, USA. Karenza. (C.japonica), E.B.Champernowne Catalogue, 1977-1978, p.3. No description. E.B.Champer- nowne Nursery Catalogue, 1978: Medium size, pink, single with golden centre. Originated in UK. Karigane. (Wild Goose’s Call). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.65 with colour photo; English translation p.44. Miniature, pink, tubular single, tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small, wavy. Upright, weak growth. Selected from cultivars raised in a private family garden in Takamatsu City, named by the Takamatsu Branch, JCS, in 1997. From Kagawa Prefecture. Karigina. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name Kariginu.

Kariginu. (Hunting Coat), (C.sasanqua), Ashizawa, Yagorô, 1898, Chabaika Taishû; Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.31: Single, autumn flowering sasanqua. White blotched with red. Medium size. Originated in Japan. Different readings: ‘Kari-Ginu’, ‘Kari-goromo’, ‘Kari- koromo’.

Kariginu. (Hunting Coat), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû-: Pink spotted darker pink, large double. Transliterated name first used in Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1938-1939, p.19. See: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.201; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.374, p.190, descript. p.201; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.341, p.149; Shufu-no-Tomo-sha, 1976, Tsubaki no Sazanka, p.29; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.38, colour photo, p.208: Leaves elliptic to oblong, apex acuminate, venation impressed, margins finely serrulate. Flowers semi-double, palest pink striped with rose (Spinel Red 0023/1), inner, normal petals erect with the odd petaloid in the centre. Flowers mid-season. Originated in Kantô, Japan. Different reading: ‘Karigoromo’. Corruptions of name: ‘Karigina’, ‘Kari-hinu’. Resembles: ‘Goshiki-ya’echiri-tsubaki’.

Kari-goromo. Yashiroda, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.15. Different reading for Karaginu.

Karihinu. American Camellia Yearbook, 1950, p.428, index. Corruption of the Japanese name Kariginu. Karikuru-tsuki. (Wild Goose-coming Month). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.66 with colour photo; English translation p.44. Medium size, pale pink graduating to pink at the centre, semi-double, fragrant. Flowers early. Leaves elliptic, medium size, recurved. A cross between C.hiemalis and C.yuhsienensis, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata Prefecture, in 1987. Karisome. (Informally Dyed), (C.japonica), Itô, Toku’emon, 1788, Tsubaki Hanagata Tsuki Obo’echô; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Double, light red and white patches, 3-4 rows of petals, irregular, medium size. Different reading ‘Karizome’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Karitsu. (obscure). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.66 with colour photo; English translation p.44. Miniature, white with red graduations on outer petals, bowl-shaped single, round petals, circular stamens. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small. Branches somewhat weeping. A cross between C.japonica Tsurugata and C.lutchuensis, originated by Nobuo Sasai in 1984, released in 1997. From Okayama Prefecture. Kariyushi. (Happiness). (C.japonica), JCS, Tsubaki, No.33, p.35, Hiroshi Matsude, Okinawa. Bright red, small, cup-shaped single blooms. Flowers mid-season. Leaves medium size, elliptic. Bush is

upright and sturdy. A chance seedling of Uminaibi. Karizome. Different reading for Karisome.

Karl der Grosse. Medici Spada, 1857, Catologue nel Giardino a Villa Quiete, p.12 as ‘Karl dar Grosse’. Orthographic variant for Charlemagne.

Karlwhilhelmina. Vanderbilt, 1943, Trade Available Camellia Stocks. Orthographic error for Carswelliana.

Karmosina. van Houtte Catalogue, 1839. Orthographic error for Kermesina.

Karotôsen. (Useless Things), (C.rusticana), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Lid Catalogue, 1988-1989, p.3, A- 142: Very small size, deepest red in the rusticanas, single of 5 petals. Small, central stamen cluster with yellow anthers. Blooms late season. Leaves mid-green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins serrate. Originated in the Higashi Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Hideyo Katô in 1979. See Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.214.

Karyodonari. Forrest, 1983, Trees and Shrubs Cultivated in Ireland. The name of a camellia in the garden of Mt. Congreve. Probably a corruption of Kayoidori.

31 Karswilliana. Bahuaud-LItôu Nursery Catalogue, 1914-1920. Orthographic error for Car- swelliana.

Karrie Armijo. (C.reticulata hybr.), SCCS., 1990, Camellia Nomenclature, p.127: Salmon pink with light veining; large to very large size, semi-double to peony form. Vigorous, upright growth. Blooms early to late. A seedling of Mandalay Oueen. Originated in USA by Meyer Piet and Lee Gaeta, California.

Karrisson. (C.japonica), Stefano Pagliai Catalogue, 1867, p.66. No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.)

Karu-tsubaki. Short, 1955, American Camellia Yearbook, p.44. Corruption of the Japanese name Kuro-tsubaki.

Karyôbinga. Miyazawa, Bungo, 1954, Kanshô Jumoku. Different reading for Karyôbin.

Karyôbinka. Different reading for Karyôbin.

Karyôhin. Different reading for Karyôbin.

Karyôbin. (Beautiful Singing Bird), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, vol.2: Medium size, red moired white. For colour plates see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.150; Tuyama, 1968, Camellia of Japan, pl.297, p.150, descrip., p.180; Andoh, 1981, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.97; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.259; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.331; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.41, description, p.208: Slow growing with small leaves, narrowly ovate-elliptic to oblong, margins serrulate. Flowers semi-double, red, (Currant Red 821/3) variously blotched white, petals narrow, erect, slightly channelled, petaloid centre. Flowers late season. Different readings: ‘Karyôhin’, ‘Karyohhin’. Synonym: ‘Karyôbinga’. Resembles: Oimatsu, Benichidori and Kasugano. This name is an abbreviation of “Karyô-binga” from the Sanscrit “Kalavinka” the beautiful singing bird in the Buddhist ideal world. Karyôbin, sometimes called Karyôhin, Garyô-binga or Bingachô was an associate of Vishnu. A mythical creature, half bird and half woman, a winged and feathered deity, with phoenix-like tail and stork-like legs. Chinese synonym ‘Jialingpin’.

Karyohhin. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.97, p.35. Different reading for Karyôbin. Kasai-shiratama. (Kasai White Jewel), (C.japonica), Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan, p.8: White, large, single, early. For colour photos see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1974, pl.69, p.60; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.34, description, p.206: White petals, 6-7, notched, compact, short stamen cluster. Leaves olive green, obovate, recurved, venation impressed, apex acuminate to abrupt acuminate. Originated in Kasai, Kôtô-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Resembles Hatsuarashi-shiratama.

Kasado Wabishin. Inazawa Nurseries Wholesale Catalogue, 1986-1987. Orthographic error of the name Kosado-wabishin.

Kasamai. (Hat Dance), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.258, p.130, description, p.169 as ‘Kasa-mai’: Leaves dark green, broadly elliptic, apex shortly acuminate, venation impressed, margins crenate-serrulate, 6.3-6.9 cm long x 2.7-3.7 cm wide. Flowers, red, anemone form with large, compact, central mass. Outer guard petals, 6-7, irregular size, rounded, largest, 5 cm long x 4 cm wide. Central cushion of small, fan-shaped petaloids, variegated pale pink or white, 98-113 in number, stamens lacking. Flowers mid-season. Originated in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. in 1968. See Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.207.

Kasamatsu. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1933, Chinkashû. Colour plate, Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.114: Medium size, scarlet, semi-double, petals in 2-3 rows,

32 emarginate; irregular stamen column. Leaves mid-green, ovate, coarsely serrate. Wada, 1941, Garden Treasures of Japan, p.30 as a semi-double form of ‘Red Otome’ (Kô-otome). Originated in Japan.

Kasane-beni. (Double Red), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kakan Chikinshô: Light red, large size, double. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô. Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.11: Light pink dotted deep pink. Large, semi-double, slightly fragrant. Originated in Japan. Note: The ancient variety is slightly different to the modern Kasane-beni.

Kasaneginu. (Gathered Silk), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.34, colour photo, p.206, description: Medium size, white, semi-double with 3 rows of petals, emarginate, slightly creped. Leaves elliptic, light green. Originated in Kantô, Japan as a seedling of Hototogisu. Named and released by Totsurô Nakamura in 1997.

Kasane-jishi. (Double Lion), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.11: Dark pink. Large, semi-double with rounded petals. Originated in Japan.

Kasane-ôgi. (Overlapped Fans), (C.hiemalis), JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.49: White with pink margins, peony form, medium size Blooms early to mid-season. Chinese synonym: ‘Chuxiao’. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.295 with colour photo; English translation p.207. Discovered by Naotoshi Hakoda in 1971 in a hedge in Sagano, Kyôto, Japan. Considered to be a seedling of Shishigashira or Shôwa-no-sakae.

Kasayama-benimurasaki. (Reddish Purple Kasayama), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.12: Small to medium size, tubular to campanulate single, reddish purple colour. Blooms mid-season. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.58 with colour photo; English translation p.38. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, flat. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Yamguchi Prefecture. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1981. Kasayama-guro. (C.japonica) Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. From Yamaguchi Pref. Kasayama-maru-nokokiriba. (Saw Leaf Kasayama), (C .japonica), ICS., Apr. 1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.12 as ‘Kasayamamaru-nokoba’: Small size, deep red, tubular single. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.58 with colour photo; English translation p.39. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Yamaguchi Prefecture. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1981. Kasayama-sangô. (Kasayama Number 3). (C.japonica), Seibu Maizuru Institute of Botany, 1989-1990, Seibu no Tsubaki, No.222: Dark red tubular single. Small size with cylindrical stamens. Originated in Kyûshû, Japan. Kasayama-wabisuke. (Wabisuke) Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. From Yamaguchi Pref. Kasen-sunago. (Kasen’s Variegated), (C.japonica), Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Cardinal red spotted white, leaf variegated, large. Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan: Red striped and spotted white. Large semi-double. Leaves yellow variegated. Mid-season flowering. The colour photo in Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1980, Senchinshû, p.36 shows a red, variegated with white, semidouble with a small, compact stamen centre, but no leaf variegation. Originated in Japan. Orthographic error: ‘Kasen-sunako’.

Kasen-sunako. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Orthographic error for Kasen-sunago.

Kasenzan. (Mount Kasen). (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.313, p.132, description, p.244: Very small size, campanulate, pale pink, single of 5 petals, slightly

33 emarginate, with short stamen column, white filaments, yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves small, elliptic to narrowly-elliptic, apex tapering acuminate, margins crenate-serrate, matt, mid-green. Originated in Matsu’e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Tomohisa Arikawa in 1970. Synonym: ‘Fumaikô’. See also colour photo: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.36; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.75, and p.48, Katei Gahô, ed., 1984, Chabana Koyomi, vol. 1, Tsubaki. Fumaikô was the name of Matsudaira, the great Japanese master of the tea ceremony.

Kasenzume. RHS., 1968, Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, p.19. Corruption of Japanese name Rasenzome.

Kashima-beni. (Kashima Red), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.186, colour photo and description: Small to medium size, deep red, campanulate single with 5 broad, rounded, overlapping petals and a central column of stamens of uneven length with pink to white filaments, joined for the lower half, and yellow anthers. Leaves glossy, deep green, lanceolate, apices long, tapering acuminate, margins serrate. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in Matsu’e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Kashima-kakôden. (Kakôden from Kashima). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.73 with colour photo; Medium size red single. Rare stamen arrangement, with irregular clusters totalling over 1000 stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves ovate, medium size. Upright growth. Found in a wild camellia forest facing the Kashima Open Sea. Original tree re-discovered in 2005 by Ibaraki Camellia Group. From Ibaraki Pref., Japan. Released by Takeo Ogawa. Kashima-shiro. (Kashima White), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.46, colour photo and description: Small to medium size, white, wide campanulate single of 5 broad emarginate, overlapping petals and a central column of stamens with pale lemon filaments, joined for the lower half, and yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves dark green, broad-ovate, apices abrupt, blunt acute, margins serrate. Originated in Matsu’e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by San-in Camellia Club in 1978.

Kashoku. (Ornamental Candle Light for Wedding Ceremony), (C.japonica), Himuro, 1982, Murasuzume: Deep red streaked white. Semi-double. Originated in Hyôgo, Japan. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.323, colour photo and description: Medium size, deep red with white blotching, semi-double with 2-3 rows of oval petals and a small, central stamen column with yellow anthers. Leaves dark green, elliptic, apices acuminate. Blooms early to mid-season. A seedling of Furômon. Originated and named by Yoshihiko Mishima, released by Nobuo Sasai in 1982.

Kashû. (Old name for Ishikawa Prefecture), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1, No.184; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô: The corolla is white with red spots and convex in shape. Double, large flower. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kasyû’. Originated in Japan.

Kashûchô. (Kashû Butterflies), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.165, colour photo and description: Small size, red, tubular single with a central, yellow stamen column. Leaves light green, narrow elliptic, apices tapering acuminate, margins crenate. Blooms mid- season. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.59 with colour photo; English translation p.39. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Ikata Town. Named and released by Ôzu Camellia Enthusiasts Club in 1982.

Kashû-karanishiki. (‘Kara-nishiki’ from Kashû), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.34, colour photo, p.207, description as ‘Kasyu-kara-nishiki’: Medium size, single with 5-6 large, rounded petals with a base colour, fine veining of pink, wide, crimson streaks and irregular white edges to crinkled petals. A compact, central, stamen cylinder with yellow anthers. Different reading: ‘Kasyû-kara-nishiki’. Resembles Sanpei-tsubaki. Sport:

34 ‘Beni-gara’. See p.269, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. An old camellia from Ishikawa, named and released by Ryôji Nakamura in 1965. Similar to, if not the same, as Koshiji-karanishiki. Kastellorizo Rose. (C.japonica), ACRS, Camellia News, 1997, No.143, p.15, Reg. No.474. Originated by F.K. Abbott, Rossmoyne, Western Australia. A chance seedling that first flowered 1989. The white formal double flower of 93 petals is 7 cm diameter x 3 cm deep, and flowers mid-season to late on a bushy upright plant of medium growth. Leaves are deep green, elliptic, fine serrations, smooth surface, acuminate apex, 8 cm long x 5 cm wide. Petals slightly cupped. Name is illegal according to the Nomenclature Code, which bars using a plant genus name as last word in a cultivar name. Renamed Rose of Kastellorizo. Kasugano. (Spring Field), (C.rusticana), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohonayose Irotsuki: Crimson with white markings in various patterns, like Arukawa in Kadan Chinkinshô. Large, double. Mid-season flowering. Originated in the Kantô District, Japan. For colour plates see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.149; Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.96, p.35; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol. I, 1972, pl.288, p.131; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. p.323. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.35, description, p.207: Large, semi-double, red, 10-12 petals, beautifully moired with white, emarginate, a few erect around centre cluster of stamens. Leaves broad-elliptic, mid-green, occasionally with yellow variegation, margins serrate. Slow, spreading growth. Corruption of the name: ‘Kasagano’.

Kasuga-shibori. (Kasuga Variegated), (C.japonica), Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5 as ‘Kosuga-shibori’. Variegated formal double, 7.5 cm across. SCCS, 1947, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature: Red blotched with white. Large, formal double. Medium, spreading growth. Originated in Japan. Orthographic error: ‘Kasuga-shibori Var.’. Synonyms: ‘Red Beauty’, ‘Dappled Kasuga’. Corruptions of Japanese name: ‘Kosuga-shibori’, ‘Kasugi Shabori’.

Kasuga-shibori Variegated. SCCS, 1950, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature as ‘Kasuga- shibori Var.’. Orthographic error for Kasuga-shibori.

Kasugayama. (Mount Kasuga), (C.rusticana), Ishizawa, 1966, Garden Life, No.17, p.36, black and white photo: Large size, semi-double to open, peony form, red blotched white, 12 cm across, broken stamen cluster, yellow anthers, white filaments. Leaves long-obovate to broad-obovate, apex blunt acute, margins sharply serrate, glossy mid-green; petioles hairy. See: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.289; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.328. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.35. Different reading: ‘Kasuga-yama’. Synonym: ‘Meguri-ai’. Originated in Jô-etsu City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan and named by Kawamura, Yaichi. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.60 with colour photo; English translation p.40. Given as lion to peony form, with a note that Dr Kaoru Hagiya says that the flower form ‘lion’ is a special classification in Japan. It is almost equal to anemone, but with irregular, larger and erect petaloids.

Kasugi-shabori. SCCS., 1942, Classification of Camellias, p.4. Corruption of the Japanese name Kasuga-shibori.

Kasukoboshi. Inazawa Nursery Catalogue, 1983-1984. Synonym for Norikoboshi.

Kasumeru-tsuki. (Hazy Moon), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Large, white to slightly blush pink, formal double. Early flowering. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kasumigaseki. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306 & 309; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Medium size, double flower, convex shape. Palest pink with red markings. Originated in Japan. Synomym: ‘Kasumi-no-seki’. (Believed extinct.) 35

Kasumigaseki. (Place Name), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.16: Large size, light red flower. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kasumino. (Misty Field), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.35, colour photo, p.207, description: Medium size, hose-in-hose semi-double, soft pink with a pattern of fine veining of deeper pink, 11-13 thick petals, inner apiculate, channelled, surrounding a slender column of stamens. Originated in the Kantô District, Japan. Kasumi-no-sato. (Village in the Mist). (C.lutchuensis hybrid). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.284 with colour photo; Miniature red single, tubular to trumpet shape, cluster flowering, slightly fragrant. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small. Somewhat drooping growth. A cross of Kon-wabisuke x C.lutchuensis, made and released by Shuho Kirino around 1960. Kasumi-no-seki. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû. Synonym for and based on the same characters as Kasumigaseki.

Kasumi-no-sode. (Mist Sleeve), (C.sasanqua), Ashizawa, Yagorô, 1898, Chabaika Taishû; Nihon Shubyo Catalogue, Dec.1910, p.46: Pink edged white with deeper pink on the petal reverse. Large, semi-double. Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.32: White, flushed and striped with red. Large size. Originated in Japan. Chinese synonym: ‘Xiuxia’.

Kasumi-no-sode. (Mist Sleeve), (C.sasanqua), Kajitsu-en, 1905, Chabaika Meikan: Large size, double, purplish red flower. Originated in Japan.

Kasuri. (Patch of Colour), (C.japonica), Painted in the Chinzu Byôbu, (Latter 17th century). Owner Hirayama, Tokyo. No description. Commented on by Asai, Keitaro 1961, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.2, p.48. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kasuri. (Patch of Colour), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Shashinshû, p.35, colour photo, p.207, description: Small, pink, campanulate single of 5-6 irregular petals with red stripes and whitish edges, and a central cylinder of stamens, anthers golden, filaments white. Leaves obovate, apex tapering acuminate, margins serrate, shining, bright green. Originated in the Kantô District, Japan. Parentage unknown, named and released by Totsurô Nakamura in 1979. Kasuri-hatsu-arashi. (Kasuri [Kurume Textile] ‘Hatsu-arashi’). (C.japonica), Kurume Camellia, 1997, English translation, p.8. White with crimson stripes, medium size, sake-cup shaped single. Flowers early to mid-season. Originated by Y. Ueno, Kurume, Japan.

Kasuri-koshimino. (Variegated Koshimino), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.138: White, medium to large size, open peony form with some narrow streaks of crimson. The centre consists of some irregular, erect, narrow petals mixed with fascicles of stamens. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Tobi’iri-koshimino’. “Kasuri” is a patch of colour and “Koshimino” a farmer’s hip-length straw raincoat.

Kasuri-man-e. (Colour Patch - Many Layers), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.439: Dark crimson, small to medium size, single with lighter coloured streaking. Central stamen column, yellow anthers, white filaments. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kasuri-otome. Urquhart, 1956, The Camellia. Different reading for Tobi’iri-otome.

Kasuri-wabisuke. Different reading for Tobi’iri-wabisuke.

Kasyû. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Different reading for Kashû.

Kasyû-karanishiki. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.34 as ‘Kasyû-kara-nishiki”. Different reading for Kashûkara-nishiki.

36 Katamuku-tsuki. (Sinking Moon). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.61 with colour photo; English translation p.41. Medium size, white, sake cup-formed single, tubular stamen cylinder, fragrant. Flowers early. Leaves elliptic, small. Spreading, dense growth. A cross between C.hiemalis and C.oleifera, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata Prefecture, in 1989. Kataoka-kasuri. (Kataoka Striped), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.127: Medium size, irregular, white, peony with pink and crimson stripes. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kataoka-tobi’iri’.

Kataoka-tobi’iri. Different reading for Kataoka-kasuri.

Kataonami. (High Waves), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Pale red, medium sized semi-double with 2 rows of petals, with dark red spots. Used as a synonym for ‘Kikuzuki’ in the Sômoku Benran. “Kataonami” is the ancient name of the famous Japanese anthology, Manyôshû. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kataonami. (High Waves), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e: Large size, white with pink becoming gradually deeper towards the petal edges. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Katasakiwake. (Divided Blossom), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.411: Irregular white, small to medium size, tubular single, dark crimson streaks and bands. Origi- nated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Katasenami. ((Shoal Waves), (C.hybrid) ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.12 as a C.rusticana. No description. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.61 with an incorrect colour photo. English translation p.40. Medium size, pink, peony to lion form, split stamens, slightly fragrant. Flowers early. Leaves elliptic, smallto medium, thick, plicate at the midrib. Cespitose, vigorous growth. A cross between C.hiemalis and C.pitardii. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1978.

Katayama-idaten. (Katayama’s ‘Idaten’), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.254, colour photo, p.255, description: Medium size, white with red streaks, open, cup-shaped single of 8-9 petals in two rows and a short, broad, central stamen cylinder of stamens with ivory filaments, joined for the lower half and pale yellow anthers. Slightly fragrant. Blooms early to late. Leaves deep green, elliptic, apices acuminate, recurved, margins obscurely serrate. Originated in the Kansai area, Japan. Released by Katayama Juraku-en Nursery many years ago. Katayama-negishikô. (Katayama’s Red Sasanqua). (C.sasanqua). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.320. English translation p.242. Medium size, peach red single. Flowers early. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Note: Since the word ‘Negishikô’ is the representative name for red sasanquas, there are many synonyms applied to different varieties. This cultivar is grown in the Kansai area, and is a different cultivar from that in the Kantô area. From Osaka. Katayama-sôtan. (Katayama’s ‘Sôtan’), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.28, colour photo and description: Small size, white, saucer-shaped single, with 5 rounded, overlapping petals and a central column with white filaments, joined for the lower third, and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves mid-green, broad-ovate, apices acute, margins shallowly serrate. The original tree survives at Daitokuji Temple, Kyoto. Released by Katayama Juraku-en Nursery in 1970. Synonym: ‘Sôtan’(Katayama). Resembles Sôtan.

Katayama-yae-wabisuke. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, p.366. Synonym for Sakiwake-wabisuke.

Kate Anderson. (C.x williamsii), Cobley Camellias Catalogue, 1977: Soft pink, medium size, semi- double. Upright growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in England. 37

Kate Cargill. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1960, Camellia Nomenclature, p.67: Soft pink, medium large, semi- double to open, peony form with irregular petals. Upright growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in USA by Childs. Orthographic error: ‘Katie Cargill’.

Kate Hardie. (C.japonica), ACS., Nov.1989, The Camellia Journal, vol.44, No.4, p.17, Reg. No.2171: Pearl white to blush pink, medium size, formal double with cupped centre petals, opening occasionally to a six-pointed star centre. Blooms early to mid-season. Originated by Walter Homeyer, Macon, Georgia. American Camellia Yearbook, 1989, p.124, colour photo [p.133]: The 14 year old seedling first bloomed in 1981. Average flower size, 8 cm across x 5 cm deep with 29-45 petals and 55-64 petaloids. Plant growth is upright, average and open with light green leaves, 8 cm x 5 cm.

Kate Mallory. (C.japonica), Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1962, p.6. No description. Originated in USA. No valid listing located.

Kate O’Brien. (C.japonica), Dodd, 1968, Adventure in Camellia Seedlings, p.3, colour photo: Lilac pink, peony form double with 3-4 rows of small, outer petals and the centre a mixture of small, erect petals, petaloids and stamens. Originated in USA by Richard Dodd, Marshallville, Georgia.

Kate R. (C.japonica), McIlhenny, 1937, 600 Varieties of Camellias, p.9: Rose-pink, blotched white. Medium size, single. Originated by McIlhenny, Avery Island, Louisiana, USA. Kate Sheppard. (C.japonica), New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, 1992, Issue No. 112, vol.XVII, No.4, p.47, Reg. No.305: Originated by A.P. Gamlin, Manaia, New Zealand. Plant is upright with dark green foliage, 11 cm long x 6.5 cm wide. Flower is 13 cm across x 6 cm deep, white anemone form with 25 outer petals and 70-100 petaloids intermingled with yellow stamens. Blooms early to late. Colour illustration International Camellia Journal, 1993, front cover

and p.37. Named for the leading early campaigner for womens suffrage in New Zealand. Kate Smith. Sharp, 1957, Camellias Illustrated, p.49, colour pl. This plate is self coloured and shows Mathotiana Supreme, not ‘Kate Smith’ which is variegated. See colour photo facing p.82, American Camellia Yearbook, 1966 which shows a beautifully moired form. However such virus variegation is not stable enough to warrant a separate cultivar name and is thus considered a synonym for Mathotiana Supreme Variegated.

Kate Smith Variegated. Cannon, 1962, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.17, No.1, back cover as ‘Kate Smith Var.’ A synonym for Mathotiana Supreme Variegated.

Kate Thrash. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1955, p.338, Reg. No.222: An 11 year old seedling of Martha Wright, originated by Mrs W.T. Roughton, Thomasville, Georgia, USA. First flowered 1951. The rose-pink flowers, 9-10 cm across, are irregular, double, similar to Professor Sargent, with 25 petals and numerous petaloids. Flowers early.

Kate Thrash Variegated. (C.japonica), Mark S Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1962, p.6. No description. SCCS., 1964, Camellia Nomenclature, p.69: A virus variegated form of Kate Thrash - Rose-pink and white. Originated by Mrs. I. H. McCormick, Thomasville, Georgia, USA.

Kate Young. (C.japonica), Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. No description. Originated in USA.

Katharin Stanton. (C.japonica), ACS., News Letter, vol.3, No.4, Reg. No.1, Oct.1948 as ‘Katherin Stanton’: Deep rose-pink, single with 6 petals, 8-10 cm across x 5.5 cm deep. The petals, 5.0 cm x 5.5 cm, are crinkled on the edges. The stamens are in clusters, filaments cream, anthers gold. Fragrant. Leaves dark green, ovate, flat, stiff, glossy, tending to recurve, 10 cm x 6 cm, venation prominent, margins broad shallow serrations. Plant habit tall, willowy and hardy. Originated by Harry B. Stanton, Savannah, Georgia, USA from seed of unknown parents.

38 First flowered 1939. Orthographic error:, ‘Katherine Stanton’. For illustration see Fendig, 1950, American Camellia Catalogue. See ACS Yearbook, 1954, p.317.

Katherine Allan. (C.japonica), Fendig, 1950, American Camellia Catalogue, with illustration: Large, light pink with light lavender undercast, incomplete double, 11-13 cm across x 3.8 cm deep with 15 or more outer petals, about 5 cm x 4 cm. Buds fat, long and pointed. The flower opens flat and shows a mass of petaloids in groups of 2 to 6 connected to a single filament, giving the flower a loose, wavy effect. Stamens concealed. Leaves medium green, glossy, slightly twisted, narrow, 8-12 cm long x 3.8 cm wide. Apex acute, margins shallowly serrate. Plant habit is bushy, spreading and fast in rate. Orthographic error: ‘Katherine Allen’. Originated by Walter Allan, Summerville, South Carolina, USA from seed of Elegans. First bloomed 1948. See American Camellia Yearbook, 1954, p.318, Reg. No.102.

Katherine Allen. Tammia Nursery Catalogue, 1960, p.5. Orthographic error for Katherine Allan.

Katherine Chisholm. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1978, p.131, Reg. No.1472: A large, medium pink, semi-double, chance seedling of C.japonica; mid-season blooming. Originated by Frank A. Chisholm, Savannah, Georgia, USA. The 5 year old seedling first bloomed 1977 and has Frizzle White type blooms with 15-20 petals and 7-9 petaloids, white filaments and yellow anthers, 11 cm across x 7 cm deep. Unique, irregular bloom, folded and twisted rabbit ears and scattered stamens. Plant growth upright and average in rate with dark green leaves 11 cm x 5 cm.

Katherine Hall. Hody Wilson, 1970. SCCS., The Camellia Review, vol.31, No.6, p.17. Orthographic error for Kathryn Hall.

Katherine Hart. (C.japonica), Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue: Large, white, peony form. Originated in USA.

Katherine Maryott. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1959, p.276, Reg. No.388: A 15 year old chance seedling, originated by Mrs C.H. Maryott, Augusta, Georgia, USA, which first flowered 1948. The broad, light green leaves have short apices and average 7.5 cm x 2 cm. The formal double, clear pink flowers have 65 petals and are 10 cm across x 5.5 cm deep. An occasional flower shows a few yellow stamens. Flowers mid-season. See pl. facing p.80, American Camellia Yearbook, 1960.

Katherine Mealing. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1965, p.238, Reg. No.794: A chance seedling that first bloomed 1946. Originated by Dr & Mrs H.G. Mealing, North Augusta, South Carolina, USA. Plant growth is upright, medium in rate with thin, light green leaves. Flower is light to deep red, peony, similar to Buddy Boy except that it has more short petaloids, making a full, heavy flower. It measures 12.5 cm across x 5 cm deep. Blooms mid-season.

Katherine Nuccio. (C.japonica), Nuccio’s Nurseries Catalogue, 1949-1950: Rose-red. Medium formal double to rose form double, 8 cm across with 60-65 petals. Vigorous, compact growth. Mid-season blooming. First flowered 1942. Leaves medium green, ovate, 8 cm x 5 cm. slightly twisted, thin texture, serrations shallow. Originated by Nuccio’s Nurseries, Altadena, California, USA. See black and white photo, p.119, Hertrich, 1959, Camellias in the Huntington Gardens, vol.III.

Katherine Stanton. SCCS, 1951, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature. Orthographic error for Katharin Stanton.

Kathie Brown. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1978, p.131, Reg. No.1491: A very large, deep pink, peony to anemone form C.japonica chance seedling that flowers mid-season to late. Originated by David K. Walker, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. The 12 year old seedling, that first bloomed 1968, has yellow anthers and light pink filaments. Average size is

39 13 cm across x 8 cm deep. Very heavy flower. Plant growth is upright and spreading, rapid in rate with dark green leaves, 10 cm x 5.5 cm.

Kathleen. (C.japonica), Sharp, 1948, Camellia Illustrated flower photo, p.82: Pink, medium large, semi- double. A seedling raised by Mrs Clyde Bradley, Milwaukie, Oregon, USA.

Kathleen Eugenia. (C.japonica), Dodd, 1968, Adventure with Camellia Seedlings, p.6, colour photo: Pink, semi-double to rose form double. A seedling of Galilee raised by Richard Dodd, Marshallville, Georgia, USA.

Kathleen Read. (C.japonica), Magnolia Gardens and Nursery Catalogue, 1944-1945: White striped pink, rose form double to semi-double. Vigorous growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated at Magnolia Gardens, John’s Island, South Carolina, USA. Orthographic error: ‘Kathleen Reed’.

Kathleen Reed. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Orthographic error for Kathleen Read. Kathnstu Clark. (C.japonica), ACRS, Camellia News, Spring 2003, No.163, p.10, colour photo p.2, Reg. No.552. Originated by Alan Truran, Hornsby, NSW, Australia, registered by Patrick Clark, Pymble, NSW. A chance seedling from C.japonica Bokuhan that first flowered in 1995. A red (RHS.CC.51A) anemone form flower of 6-7 petals, plus 120 pink and cream (RHS.CC.56D/4D) petaloids in the centre, and 20 stamens. Diameter is 7.5 cm x 4.5 cm deep. Flowers freely, early and over a long season on an upright rapid growing plant. Leaves dark green, glossy, broadly elliptic, base broad cuneate, apex apiculate, 8 cm long x 4 cm wide. Stamens mixed with the petaloids. Kathryn Bevis. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, May 1998, p.18, Reg. No.2446. A large, clear pink with darker pink to carmine rose outer petals, and light pink centre. A peony form chance seedling that flowers early to mid-season. Originated by Dr Jerome A. Hogsette, Gainesville, Fla., USA. American Camellia Yearbook, 1998, p.4, colour photo before p.1. The 14 year old seedling first flowered in 1989. Average flower size is 10 cm across x 5 cm deep, with 42 petals, 9 petaloids, yellow anthers and white filaments. Plant growth is upright and average with light green leaves 10.8 cm long x 5.7 cm wide. Kathryn Flugge. (C.japonica), ACRS, Camellia News, 1999, No.151, p.10, colour photo p.2, Reg. No.528. Originated by Keith Abbott, Rossmoyne, West Australia. A chance seedling that first flowered in 1992. The semi-double, pink (RHS.CC.73A) flower of 14 petals is 11 cm across x 4 cm deep. It flowers early to mid-season on a rapid growing, upright bush. Leaves green, matt, curled, elliptic, small serrations, 8 cm long x 3.5 cm wide. Petals open flat, filaments columnar. Free flowering. Kathryn Funari. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1976, Camellia Nomenclature, p.86: Deep veined pink. Large formal double. Medium growth. Early blooming. Originated in USA by A. Funari, California. See colour photo, front cover, New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, 1978, vol.XV, No.4. Chinese synonym: ‘Fonali’, later changed to ‘Fonaxing’.

Kathryn Hall. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1971, p.47, Reg. No.1127: A sport of Berenice Boddy, first observed 1964 by Bagby Hall, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. The rose form double is a sweet pea pink, 9-11 cm across x 5 cm deep with 40-50 petals and an indefinite number of petaloids. Each petal is notched with a deeper pink centre and 5 fascicles of stamens surrounded by petaloids. Blooms early. Orthographic error ‘Katherine Hall’.

Kathryn Jones. (C.japonica), Harris’ Longview Nursery Retail Price List, 1955-1956, p.12: White. Small, full peony form with two rows of large, outer petals, surrounding smaller petals, which surround one row of erect, large petals encircling stamens in the centre. Vigorous, compact growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in USA by Longview Nursery, Crichton, Alabama. Kathryn Land. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, June 2008, p.31 with colour photo, Regn No.2728; A chance seedling which first flowered in 1998. Originated and propagated by E. 40 Hulyn Smith, Valdosta, Ga., USA. the 11.5 cm diameter, red, semidouble to peony form flower has yellow anthers on white filaments, in groups mixed among the petals. Heavy petal texture and flowers mid-season. American Camellia Yearbook, 2008, p.117 with colour photo; Vigorous, spreading growth. Dark green leaves are 9 cm x 6.5 cm. Kathryn Marbury. (C.japonica), Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1964-1965, p.9. No description. American Camellia Yearbook, 1965, p.238, Reg. No.771: A 9 year old chance seedling that first bloomed 1960. Originated by S.L. Marbury, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA. Plant growth is upright and average with dark green leaves averaging 7.5 cm x 5 cm. The formal double flowers, similar to Alba Plena, are 8 cm across x 3.8 deep with 55 petals. Blooms are blush pink with a good sheen. Blooms mid-season to late.

Kathryn Snow. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1966, pp.92, 93, Reg. No.889: A 7 year old chance seedling that first flowered 1958. Originated by S.L. Marbury, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA. Leaves light green, average 7.5 cm x 3.8 cm. The semi-double flowers are off-white with pink edges. The stamens are yellow. Size is 10-11 cm across x 5 cm deep with 25 petals. Centre petals tend to “rabbit ear”. Blooms mid-season to late. Kathryn Spooner. (C.japonica), ACS 1994, American Camellia Yearbook, p.61, Reg. No.2302: Originated by R.B. Gramling, Tallahassee, Florida, USA. Large white peony form. The 14 year old seedling first flowered 1980. Average flower size is 9.5 cm across x 7.5 cm deep with 45 petals. Flower is snowball type without guard petals. Commercially introduced 1993. Plant growth is upright, spreading and vigorous with dark green leaves 9.5 cm long x 5 cm

wide. Colour photo between pp.64-65. Kathy Ficus. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1960, p.200, Reg. No.483: A 12 year old chance seedling that first bloomed 1953. Originated by Julington Nurseries, Jacksonville, Florida, USA. Plant growth is upright, of average density with dark green leaves 7.5 cm x 3.8 cm. The deep rose-pink, formal double blooms are 8 cm across x 2.5 cm deep and have 40-50 petals. Flowers early to mid-season.

Kathy Mann. (C.japonica), Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1962, p.6. No description. Originated in USA. by Julington Nurseries. SCCS., 1970, Camellia Nomenclature, p.78: Deep rose pink. Medium size, formal double. Medium, compact growth. Blooms early to mid-season.

Kathy Pratt. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1970, Camellia Nomenclature, p.78: Light pink fading to white on outer petals, blotched deeper pink. Large semi-double to loose, peony form. Vigorous, spreading growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in USA by N. Pratt, Sacramento, California.

Kathy Reid. (C.saluenensis x C.reticulata), New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, 1983, vol.XIII, No.2, p.11, Reg. No.190: Originated by Mrs Ida Berg, Whakatane, New Zealand. The female parent is an unnamed C.saluenensis x C.reticulata Dataohong and the male parent is Dataohong. First flowered 1980 on an upright, dense plant of medium growth. Leaves average 7.5 cm x 5 cm. The peony form flowers are a bright cerise pink with 20 petals and average 12.5 cm across x 5 cm deep. Firm texture.

Kathy Smyre. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1971, p.48, Reg. No.1138: An 11 year old chance japonica seedling that first bloomed 1965. Originated by Nel and Emory Prevatt, Bon- neau, South Carolina, USA. Plant growth is upright, dense and medium in rate, with dark green leaves, 12 cm x 7 cm. The semi-double flower is strong pink with yellow anthers and 6-8 petaloids. It measures 12 cm across x 5 cm deep. Flowers mid-season. Orthographic error: ‘Cathy Smyre’.

Katie. (C.japonica), Nuccio’s Nurseries Catalogue, 1979, #7361; American Camellia Yearbook, 1980, p.168, Reg. No.1606: A very large, salmon, rose-pink, semi-double C.japonica chance seedling of Drama Girl; early to midseason flowering. Originated by Nuccio’s Nurseries,

41 Altadena, California, USA. The 5 year old seedling first flowered 1976. Flower size 13-15 cm across. Plant growth is upright, dense, and rapid in rate with dark green leaves, 10 cm x 5 cm. Received the Margarete Hertrich Award, 1983. See colour photos: front cover, SCCS, 1980, The Camellia Review, vol.42, No.2 and inside the front cover ACS., 1980, The Camellia Journal, vol.35, No.3. Chinese synonym: ‘Kaidi’.

Katie Cargill. Griffin, ed., 1958, Camellian. Orthographic error for Kate Cargill.

Katie Getzen. (C.japonica), Mealing, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.132, black and white photo, p.127: First bloomed 1949 at 6 years old, size medium, 8-9 cm across. Form, complete double, incompletely imbricated. Colour, pink in bud, which fades on opening, leaving a white flower with deep pink on petal edges. Blooms mid-season. When fully open a few yellow anthers are visible. Originator: Look-Away Gardens, North Augusta, South Carolina, USA.

Katie Kelly. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1984, p.178, 179, Reg. No.1927: A small pink centre, fading to white, formal double, C.japonica chance seedling, late flowering. Originated by Kathleen Kelly, Graham, North Carolina, USA. The 8 year old seedling first flowered 1982. Average flower size, 6 cm across x 3.8 cm deep with 81 petals. A pronounced, spiral form. Plant growth is spreading and medium in rate with dark green leaves, 8 cm long x 5 cm wide.

Katie Lee. (C.japonica x C.lutchuensis), New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, 1988, vol.XV, No.5, p.25, Reg. No.254: Originated by J.R. Finlay, Whangarei, New Zealand. A seedling of C.japonica Tiffany x C.lutchuensis that is 20 years old and first flowered 1976. Plant habit is open and slow with pale green leaves, 3.5 cm x 1.5 cm. The small, single flowers are 3 cm across and deep and have 6 petals with white filaments and yellow anthers. The flower colour is light pink, deepening at edges. Flowers mid-season to late. Marked fragrance. Colour RHS.CC. Red Group, 38D-B. Katie Mandarich. (C.japonica), ACS 1992, The Camellia Journal, vol.47, No.4, p.13. Valdosta Camellia Scions. No description. Originated by Jack Mandarich, California, USA. Katie Northcutt Variegated. (C.japonica) ACS, The Camellia Journal, Dec. 2010, p.29; Regn No.2801. Originated by Ed Northcutt, Tallahassee, Fla., USA, registered by E. Hulyn Smith, Valdosta, Ga., USA. ACS, Yearbook 2010, p.77 with colour photo. A 10 year old cross of Tom Cat x unknown pollen parent. Plant is upright and vigorous. Dark green leaves are 10 cm x 5 cm. Very large flower is 15 cm diameter x 7.5 cm height, semi-double to peony form, and is light pink variegated with white. Yellow anthers and yellow filaments. Heavy petal texture. Katie Shipley. (C.reticulata hybrid). ACS, The Camellia Journal, Aug. 1997, p.16, Reg. No. 2425. A very large, bright red, peony form (Craig Clark x Jean Pursel). Flowers mid-season to late. Originated by Dr Walter F. Homeyer, Jr, Macon, Ga., USA. American Camellia Yearbook, 1997, p.4, colour photo before p.1. Average flower size is 14.5 cm across x 10 cm deep with 19-21 petals including 7-8 rabbit-eared petaloids, yellow anthers and white stamens. Plant growth is upright, open and average, with dark green leaves 9.5 cm long x 6 cm wide. Katie Variegated. (C.japonica), Nuccio’s Nurseries Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.8 as ‘Katie Var.’: A virus variegated form of Katie - Salmon rose-pink blotched white. Early to late flowering. Origi- nated by Nuccio’s Nurseries, Altadena, California, USA. Chinese synonym: ‘Xinkaidi’. Katie Wootton. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, Nov. 2000, p.39, colour photo p.38, Reg. No.2536. A semi-double white to blush pink flower with golden anthers and cream filaments. Originated by Harriet Harms, Savannah, Ga., USA. American Camellia Yearbook, 2000, p.3, colour photo p.c10. The 39 year old seedling first flowered in 1967. Flowers early. Average flower size is 13.5 cm across x 5.7 cm deep, with 16 petals. Inner petals are crinkled, notched

42 and folded. Plant growth is upright and average, with dark green leaves 10 cm long x 5 cm wide. Katsugi-no-onkata. (Mr. Carrier), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Snow white, small, thick, 6 petalled single, outer three petals open flatly, inner three cover stamens until flower fades. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kazuki-no-onkata’ in Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1970, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.136. Katsukohime. (Princess Katsuko). (C.japonica), Chinka-en Niigata Retail List, 1994-1995, colour plate front back page, description p.6: Medium size, red, magnolia form semi-double. Originated in

Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Katsura. (Cinnamon Tree), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.343: Brilliant crimson, medium size, peony form with a fountain of erect, central petals surrounding stamens. Originated in Japan. Probably named for the Katsura Detached Palace in Kyôto. (Believed extinct.) Katsuragawa. (Katsura River). (C.japonica), Chinka-en Niigata Retail List, 1994-1995, colour photo front page, description p.8: Medium size, white single of 5 petals with rose-red streaks and central stamen cluster. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Katsuragawa (Chûbu). (Katsura River). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.62 with colour photo; English translation p.41. Medium size, deep red tubular single, cylindrical stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size. Spreading, vigorous growth. Selected from cultivars in a private family garden in Kyoto City, named and released by Minoru Satô in 1971. From Kyoto to Aichi Prefecture. Katsuragawa (Kantô). (Katsura River). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.333 with black and white photo; English translation p.228. Medium size, palest pink striped red, trumpet shaped single, thick petals, cylindrical stamen cluster, fragrant. Flowers early to mid- season. Leaves gold fish-tailed, medium size, somewhat outwards curved. Upright, vigorous growth. Parentage unknown, named and released by Uichirô Noda in 1987. Katsuragi-shibori. (‘Katsuragi’ Striped), (C.japonica), Chûbu Tsubaki Kyôkai, 1969, Tsubaki Meikan. See colour plates: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.135; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.55; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.36, description, p.207: Medium size, single, 6-7 petals, white with streaks and broad stripes of brilliant crimson, opens to a saucer shape. Leaves deep green, elliptic, twisted with waved and serrate margins, apex acuminate, recurved. Dark brown dots and streaks appear on young leaves. The original tree survives at the Hôkaji Temple in Inazawa City. Named and released by Chûbu Camellia Society in 1970. Has been confused with Esugata.

Katsurahime. (Princess Katsura), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.91, black and white photo. Colour photos see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol. II, 1978, pl.271; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979 Senchinshû, p.36, description, p.207: Very small, red, single with 5 petals of irregular length. Leaves small, narrowly-lanceolate, shiny, olive green, apex tapering acuminate, margins coarsely serrate, recurved. Plant habit dwarfish. Late flowering. Originated in Muika-machi, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Mamoru Kodera in 1960. Princess Katsura was an historical figure in the service of Shintô Shrine.

Katsura-no-hana. (Flower of the Cinnamon Tree). (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: White, large, double with rabbit eared petaloids. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Katsura-wabisuke. (Katsura Wabisuke), (Wabisuke), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.113. .ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.12: Very small flowers, light rose-pink, sake-cup single. Blooms mid-season. A seedling of Funatsu. Originated in Izu Ôshima, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.63 with colour photo; English

43 translation p.42. Stated to be a seedling of Tarôkaja. Originated by Kanamatsu Funatsu, named and released by Takeo Ogawa in 1960s.

Kaven Henson. Cannon, 1979, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.34, No.4. Orthographic error for Karen Henson. Kawa. Shao, Taichong, 1992, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.75, No.319. Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Dorothy Culver. Kawae. (C.sasanqua), ACRS, 1977, Camellia News, No.66, p.26, Reg.186: Originated by Alice Spragg, Sutherland, N.S.W., Australia. First bloomed 1971 with a dense, upright, vigorous growth, producing early, single, small flowers with red buds, opening white with red bordered petals. Foliage has gold tipped leaves, changing to gold then red tones, until reverting to normal gold tips with the new growth. This is the valid name for ‘Kawas’ according to the originator. The original registration was misprinted.

Kawagiri. (River Mist), (C.japonica), Himuro, 1982, Murasuzume. A dull, white, early, semi-double. Originated in Japan.

Kawamura. (River Village), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.39, colour photo, p.209, description: Medium size, deep pink, bowl shaped, single of 6-7 petals with a spreading centre of yellow stamens. Leaves broad-ovate, mid-green, margins sharply serrate, apex blunt acute, venation impressed, petiole hirsute. Originated in Higashi Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected and named by Yaichi Kawamura.

Kawari-tatsuta. (Variegated ‘Tatsuta’), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Single, opens flat, pinkish white with deep red stripes. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.80. Uekiya, Bunsuke, 1830, Uekiya Bunsuke Hikki. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kawari-tokiwa. (Sport of Tokiwa), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.335: Small, compact, white, peony form. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kawas. ACRS., 1977, Camellia News, No.66, p.26, Reg.186: Orthographic error for Kawae. Kawazoebeni. (Kawazoe’s Red). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.66 with colour photo; English translation p.44. Small, deep red single, embracing petals, apricot stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, twisted. Somewhat spreading, vigorous. A chance seedling of unknown parentage, selected and released by Toshiaki Kosaki in 1997. From Aichi Prefecture. Kay Acker. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1970, p.165, Reg. No.1111: A 13 year old chance seedling that first bloomed 1960. Originated by S.L. Marbury, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA. Plant growth is spreading and medium with dark green leaves, 10 cm long x 5 cm wide. The formal double flower is 8 cm across x 3.8 cm deep with up to 100 petals. The colour is soft, blush pink. Centre petals are long and pointed, forming a star. Blooms mid-season to late.

Kay Berridge. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1980, p.168, Reg. No.1579: A small, rose-pink, white and red, formal double, C.japonica chance seedling, mid-season flowering. Originated by Paul Gilley, Grand Ridge, Florida, USA. The 4 year old seedling first bloomed 1978. Average flower size 6.5 cm across with 75 petals. Plant growth is upright and average in rate with dark green leaves, 7.5 cm x 3.8 cm. Kay Berridge Red. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, Dec. 2013, p.28 with colour photo; Regn No.2886, Originated by Howard & Mary Rhodes, Tallahassee, Fla., USA. ACS, Yearbook, 2013, p.119 with colour photo; Registered and propagated by Randolph Maphis, Tallahassee, Fla.

44 Kay Hallstone. (C.reticulata hybrid). ACS 1992, American Camellia Yearbook, p.35, Reg. No.2237: Originated by Houghton S. Hall, San Anselmo, California, USA. Seedling of C.x williamsii hybrid Brigadoon x C.reticulata Mouchang. Light pink, washed and veined white; very large semi-double. Vigorous, open, spreading, upright and rapid growth. Blooms mid-season to late. The 14 year old seedling first flowered 1985. Average flower size is 13 cm across x 3 cm deep with 20 petals, golden anthers and yellow filaments. Petals swirling mass or wave, convoluting to the centre, deeply veined pink on white. Dark green leaves 8 cm long x 2.5 cm wide. Colour photo between pp.40-41. Kay Thomerson. (C.reticulata hybrid). ACS, The Camellia Journal, Dec. 2010, p.29 with colour photo; Regn No.2802; Originated by E. Hulyn Smith, Valdosta, Ga., USA. ACS, Yearbook 2010, p.77 with colour photo; An 11 year old plant, first flowered 2006. A cross of Suzanne Withers x Annabelle Fetterman. Plant is upright and vigorous. Dark green leaves are 11.5 cm x 7.5 cm. Large flower is 10.8 cm diameter x 7.5 cm deep, peony to semi-double form, light pink with dark pink picotee edge and some fluorescence. Flowers midseason. Kay Truesdale. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1962-1963, p.220, Reg No.638: A 6 year old chance seedling that first bloomed 1959. Originated by E.V. Truesdale, West Columbia, South Carolina, USA. The plant growth is upright and average in rate with dark green leaves, averaging 10 cm x 5 cm. The rose form double flowers, similar to ‘Mathotiana’, (Julia Drayton) are 12.5 cm across x 6 cm deep. Colour is a light, lavender pink (Nickerson Colour Chart 2.5 RP 8/5) with white stamens and 35-40 petals. The petals are wide and show slight veining. Usually fully imbricated but odd blooms may open semi-double. Flowers early to mid-season.

Kayabukura. Corruption of the Japanese name ‘Kan’yô-bukuro’; different reading for Kan’yôtai.

Kayai-dori. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name Kay- oidori.

Kaye Fuller. (C.reticulata), SCCS., 1984, Camellia Nomenclature, p.120: Rose-pink shaded cyclamen. Large, anemone form. Medium, upright growth. Midseason blooming. American Camellia Yearbook, 1986, p.92, Reg. No.1993: The 7 year old seedling first bloomed 1979. Average flower size is 11 cm across x 3.8 cm deep with 6 petals and many petaloids. Plant growth is erect and medium in rate with dark, green leaves, 13 cm long x 7 cm wide. A seedling of ‘Chang’s Temple’. (Zhangjia Cha), originated by J. Hunt, South Croydon, Victoria, Australia.

Kayel. (C.japonica), ACRS., 1970, Camellia News, No.40, p.26, Reg.117,: Originated by R. Loughlin, Hawthorndene, South Australia as a sport of C.japonica William Bull. Except for the colour the characteristics are the same as for William Bull. It has a two tone coloured flower, base colour Neyron Rose HCC.623, striated with HCC.623/2. Sport first observed 1963. See

colour photo front cover of above Camellia News. Chinese synonym: ‘Kaiyier’. Kayobururo. RHS., 1968, The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, p.19. Corruption of the Japanese name ‘Kan’yô-bukuro’, different reading for Kan’yôtai.

Kayoichidori. (Migrating Plover), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1: Large, three fold, red flower, variegated with many, white spots in various designs. Also listed in Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki and Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû. Different reading: ‘Kayouchidori’, the difference between the “i” and “u” ending on “Kayoi” is very slight. The transliteration ‘Kayoichidori’ has priority, Yashiroda, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook.. Various translations have been given: “Flying Sandbird”, “Daily Passing Bird”, “Daily Passing Plover”, “Flying Sawbird”, “Migrating Plover”. Resembles Kayoidori. For colour photo and descriptions, see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, p.258,

45 pl.148; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, p.364, Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.37, 208. Originated in Kantô area, Japan.

Kayoidori. (Daily Passing Bird), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: White, streaked pink. Large, semi-double. Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1935; Wada, 1941, Garden Treasures of Japan, p.30: Well doubled, smooth petalled flower, clear red broad streaks on a white ground, large; McIlhenny, 1937, 600 Varieties of Camellias; Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan and the SCCS, Camellia Nomenclture, all use a similar description. However, in Japan, the form of Kayoidori in the trade is apparently a colour sport as it is now pink, streaked red. See any of the following colour pls: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.194; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.370; Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.110; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.322; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.91; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.347; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.37. These illustrate a variable camellia with a background colour from pale pink to finely veined deep pink, streaked or banded with crimson. It is a rose form double that often opens out to a semi-double. Tuyama’s description is: Leaves oblong, oblong-elliptic to obovate elliptic, apex suddenly acuminate, coarsely serrulate-crenate at the margins. Flowers double, often nerved a deeper pink, leaving a loose head of petals in the centre, pale pink, striped with rose (Crimson 22/1 to 22/2), petals incurved. Sometimes producing a flower of pure crimson. In this case, as compared with the former listed camellia, the meaning of the name is “Daily Passing Bird”. Fendig in his American Camellia Catalogue, 1953, lists ‘Kayoidori 1’ and ‘Kayoidori 2’, apparently to cover the two different colour forms. Originated in Kantô, Japan. Resembles Kaoyodori and Kayoichidori in flower form. Chinese synonym ‘Tongniao’.

Kayoiji. (Thoroughfare), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.37, colour photo, p.208, description: Small, soft pink, campanulate single with 6-7 rounded petals and a compact stamen column. Leaves, elliptic, apex acuminate, bright green, margins serrulate, venation remarkably impressed. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. Similar to Owarifuji but smaller. Originated and released by Toshiaki Kozaki.

Kayoikanoko. (Visiting Fawn), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1, No.124; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Hashiboku Sanbokutsuki Meisai, (before 1868): Variegated red and white in various designs like a kind of bandanna. Large, double flower with separated rows of petals. Bloomed in the spring of 1688 for the first time. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct. )

Kayoikomachi. (Visit to Ono-no-Komachi.), (C.japonica), Okumura, ca. 1810, Chinka Hin’i. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.). Title of Noh drama. Fukakusa-no- Shosho visited Ono-no-Komachi one hundred times in a vain attempt to make love to her.

Kayoka. (C.japonica), Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1963-1964, p.9. No description. Origi- nated in USA. No valid listing located.

Kayouchidori. Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan. Different reading for Kayoichidori. Kazabana. Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, Feb.1967, black and white photo, p.6, description, p.16. Different reading for Kazahana. Kazagano. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.119. Corruption of the Japanese word Kasugano. Kazaguruma. (Windmill), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.309; Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.19: Dark scarlet, single with 8 petals like the blades of a fan. Origi- nated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

46 Kazaguruma. (Windmill), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.344: A crimson, single of 6 petals with lobes on two of the petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kazaguruma. (Clematis), (C.rusticana), Tateishi et al., 1970, Journal of Japanese Botany, vol.45; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.90, colour photo, p.207, description: Medium size, light red, full double to semi-double with long, strap-like petals, becoming pointed towards the centre so that the centre group resembles a star. Originated in the Ehime Prefecture, Japan.

Kazahana. (Snowflakes in the Wind), (C.rusticana), Hagiya and Ishizawa, 1967, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, p.6, black and white photo, p.16, description: Medium size, 8-9 cm across, pure white, single with 5-6, long petals of irregular length, notched apex and 80 irregular, spreading, yellow stamens. Mid-season blooming. Leaves ovate, twisted, 8-9 cm long, glossy green. See colour pls: Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.1, p.1; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.75, p.61; Katei Gahô, 1984, Chabana Koyomi, vol. 1, Tsubaki, p.45. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.61; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.34. Corruption of name: ‘Kaza-hani’. Resembles: Shiro-yukitsubaki. Originated among wild rusticanas on Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected by Susumu Ishizawa, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1967. Different reading ‘Kazabana’.

Kaza-hani. SCCS., 1972, Camellia Nomenclature, p.161. Corruption of the Japanese name Kaza- hana.

Kazaha-nishiki. ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.34. Orthographic error for Kazahana-nishiki.

Kazahana-nishiki. (‘Kazahana’ Variegated), (C.sasanqua), Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.45. Medium size, white, single. Early flowering. Has an unstable yellow leaf variegation. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.34 as ‘Kazaha-nishiki’. Kazamidori. (C.japonica), Book of Manuscripts, ICS Congress, Miyazaki, 1999, White and Red Camellia at Nara’s Todaiji Temple; Hagiya, Kaoru, p.43. No details.

Kazan. (Flower Mountain), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.13: Large, dark crimson, incomplete double. A very high flower with many rows of petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Hanayama’, cited in Tomita et al., 1980, Tsubaki, p.133.

Kaza-ore. (Broken by Wind), (C.japonica). Uesa, 1844, Sômoku Benran; Minagawa, 1959, Chinkashû. For colour photos see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.170; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.323, p.163, description, p.187; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.123, p.77; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.276 as ‘Kazaore’; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.34, description, p.207: Branches delicate, flowers single, medium size, pale pink with red and deeper pink stripes, branches a little pendulous. Leaves narrowly elliptic to elliptic, apex acuminate, venation impressed. Flowers single, palest pink, (Rose-pink 427/2) delicately striped carmine. (Carmine 21). Late flowering. Originated in the Kansai area, Japan. Different readings ‘Kaze-ore’, ‘Kaza-ori’. Sport: Kaza-ore-nishiki. The name means that the branches are so slender that it would seem that they could be broken in the wind.

Kaza-ore-nishiki. (‘Kaza-ore’ variegated), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Single, pure white with deep red stripes. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.81. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kazaore-zakura. (Wind Broken Cherry). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.58 with colour photo; English translation p.38. Medium size, pale pink, tubular to trumpet

47 shaped single, pinched stamen cylinder. Late flowering. Leaves elliptic, small. Upright, vigorous, fast growing. A mutation of Kaza-ore, named and released by Shinichi Noguchi in 1989. From Tokyo. Kazaori. SCCS, 1960, Camellia Nomenclature, p.67. Different reading of the Japanese name Kaza-ore.

Kazashi-no-hime. (Kazashi Princess), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Small size, rose-pink, tubular to campanulate, single. Blooms mid-season. A seedling from C.japonica Hijirimen x C.lutchenensis. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1982.

Kazemachi. (Waiting for Favourable Wind), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Small size, white ground with rose-pink margins, cup-shaped single. Blooms mid-season. A seedling of C.japonica Kô-un x (C.sasanqua Shishigashira x C.fraterna). Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kaze-no-bon. (Bonfire Festival), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.245, p.124, description, p.165: Leaves ovate to broadly elliptic, margins crenate-serrulate, 5.8-7.0 cm long x 3.1-3.5 cm wide; petioles 4-5 mm long, very hairy. Flowers peony type, low in height, rosy pink (Crimson 22/2), outer petals, 18-25, largest 4 cm long x 2.4 cm wide, oblong; inner petals small, 31-74, oblanceolate, rounded, with 3-15 fan shaped petaloids, scanty stamens, filaments yellow to pinkish. Mid-season flowering. Originated in the wild in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. “Kaza-no-bon” is the bon-fire dance festival held early september at the Yatsuo-machi if the rice harvest has escaped typhoon damage. Kaze-no-sasayaki. (Whispering Wind). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.61 with colour photo; English translation p.40. Miniature, pink graduating to deep pink at the centre, inner petals changing to petaloids, split stamens, profuse. Flowers mid-season. Leaves narrowly elliptic, small. Upright growth. A cross between early blooming wild japonica and C.hybrid Tiny Princess, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata Prefecture, in 1980. Kaze-no-tsukai. (Messenger of the Wind), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Very small, white ground with rose-pink graduations, cup-shaped single. Late blooming. A seedling of C.japonica Shimachidori x Cornish Snow. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Spreading, weeping branches. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya.

Kaze-ore. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.136. Different reading for Kaza-ore.

Kazue-no-tsuki. (Branch against the Moon), (Higo), Higo Tsubaki Aikôkai, 1977, Higo Tsubaki; Stone, 1984, SCCS., The Camellia Review, vol.45, No.2, p.19: A rose-pink sport of Tancho, about 10 cm across, 7-8 petals, 140 widely spread stamens with creamy filaments. Large, broad-ovate leaves; dark green. Blooms mid-season. See Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.139. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Designated as a Higo by the Higo Society in 1980s.

Kazuki-no-onkata. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.136. Different reading for Katsugi-no-onkata.

Kazukiyama. (Mount Kazuki), (C.japonica), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.91, black and white photo. May be synonymous with Chôju-no-haru according to the Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.382: Flower, pale pink, double, lotus shape, large size. Flowers mid-season, emarginate petals. Leaves dark green, elliptic, apex acuminate, slightly recurved. Originated in Kawaguchi City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. See Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.35, 207; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.381. Kazusa-chidori. (‘Chidori’ of Kazusa) (C.hybrid) from Chiba Pref., Japan Camellia No.59 May 1999: A hybrid between C.japonica Tsuki-no-fue and C.hybrid Tiny Princess. Pale pink bordered 48 peach pink, single, long tubular, long narrow petals, small, blooms in mid and late season. Leaves lanceolate, small. Tree compact with crowded branches. Bloomed firstly and named in 1990. Originated by Atsushi Itoh. (‘Kazusa’ is an old name for the central part of the present Chiba Prefecture.). Japan Camellia 99, May 2013, p.2 with colour photo, JCR Regn 2013-2. (ser. No.2). Seed parent given as Tsuki-no-hikari. Kazusa-hime. (Chiba Princess), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Very small to small size, pale rose-pink to rose-red, cup-shaped, semi-double to anemone form double. Fragrant. A seedling of C.japonica Tama-no-ura x Tiny Princess. Blooms mid-season. Originated in the Chiba Prefecture, Japan by Atsushi Itô in 1989. Kazusa is the ancient name for Chiba. Kazusa-no-hoshi. (Star of Kazusa), (C.japonica), Japan Camellia 99, May 2013, p.3 with colour photo, JCR Regn 2013-9, (ser. No.9); A seedling of the Higo-type Myôjô, pollen parent unknown; Double, with wide open outer petals, and a flared centre of mixed petaloids and stamens. Red variegated with white spots and splashes. Spreading plant. Mid-season to late blooming. Originated by Atsuhi Itô.

Kazusa-no-tsuki. (Moon on Kazusa), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.35, colour photo, p.207, description: Palest, blush pink, single with 5-6 large, emarginate petals, a little fluted at the apex, surrounding a compact, stamen cylinder, yellow anthers, whitish cream filaments. Leaves obovate to narrow obovate, apex tapering acuminate, shining deep green with serrate margins. Originated in Kantô area, Japan. Kazusa-no-utage. (Banquet of Kazusa). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.60 with colour photo; English translation p.40. Medium to large size, pale pink to peach purple, trumpet to sake cup-shaped single cylindrical stamens. Flowers early to late. Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, medium size. Somewhat spreading. A chance seedling of Berenice Boddy, named and released by Atsushi Itô in 1987. From Chiba Prefecture. Keepsake. (C.japonica), SCCS Bulletin, vol.11, No.6, p.5, Dec.1959. SCCS., 1951, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature: Rose-pink, medium formal double. Medium, compact growth. Flowers mid-season to late. Originated in USA by Harvey Short, California.

Kegon. (See below), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.49, colour photo, p.212, description: A small, campanulate, single white with 5-7 petals with fluted apices; short stamen column, with pale yellow anthers. Leaves shiny, deep green, elliptic, twisted, margins serrulate, apices acuminate. Plant habit willowy and weeping. See Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, pp.40, 41. Originated in Kantô area, Japan. A place name for the beauty of a high waterfall. It is also sanscrit for “Spiritual Flowers”. A chance seedling of Bokuhan. Originated by Kamenoi Nursery, Kawasaki City, released in 1970s. Kegon-no-taki. Nuccio's Nurseries Catalogue, 2007. p.34. Orthographic variant for Kegon. Keibuboshi. Different reading for Gyôbuboshi. Keiko. (Woman’s Personal Name). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.110. No description. From Kurume City, Japan. Keikô-no-mai. (Dance of Fragrance). (C.japonica), Nagoya Camellia Society Bulletin, 1993, No.26, p.41, No.4. Camellia photo and text: Seedling of Tsukimi-guruma. Fragrant. Bright pink semi-double to loose peony double with large outer petals and irregular inner petals. Yellow stamens are divided and flared. Late flowering. Originated by Kôji Funakoshi, Nagoya, Japan. Keina. Lemaire, 1869, L’Illustration Horticole, 16:sub. pl.582, [p.2]. Synonym for C.kissii.

Kei-no-hikari. (Light in the Valley), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.12: Very small size, dark red, tubular single. Blooms early to mid-season. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.84 with colour photo; English translation p.57. Leaves elliptic,

49 medium size. Upright growth. A chance seedling of a sport of a wild japonica from Yabakei, Kyushu, which bears unusually large fruits. Named and released by Kiichirô Akiyama, Shizuoka Prefecture, in 1964.

Keiran. Different reading for Toritamago.

Keisei. (Courtesan), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.49, colour photo, p.212: A medium size, deep pink, open cup-shaped single with 6-7 large, rounded, overlapping petals. Leaves matt, dark green, ovate, margins shallowly serrate, apices acuminate, recurved. Long petioles. Blooms very early to late. A seedling of Seiôbo. Originated by Zenji Kamo in 1980s, named and released by Shôzô Kamo. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.266. Originated in Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

Keisetsu. (Snow by the Light of Fireflies), (C.rusticana), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.312, p.131, description, p.244: Small, single, 7 cm across, white with faint pink tinge at petal apex, 5-6 slightly emarginate petals with edges rolled in, spreading stamen cluster, yellow anthers, light yellow filaments. Flower base is tinged a greenish colour. Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex acuminate, margins serrate. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.53 and Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp. 49, 212. Originated in Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Note: This name alludes to studying hard to overcome difficulties. According to ancient Chinese literature, reading books by the light of fireflies in summer and by the reflections of the snow in winter. Named and released by Tokuji Ôoka in 1968. Keith Ballard. (C.reticulata hybrid). ACRS, Camellia News, 1992, No.123, p.4, Reg. No.406: Originated by Dr R.M. Withers, Donvale, Victoria, Australia. A seedling of C.japonica Mrs Bertha A. Harms x (C.reticulata x C.x williamsii Suzanne Withers) that first flowered 1986. Plants are upright and open in growth with flowers larger than Suzanne Withers and more petals, 24 per flower, incomplete double to rose form. Colour light pink (RHS.CC.56A), 12.5 cm across x 5 cm deep. Flowers mid-season to late. Rapid growth and free flowering. Petals slightly

notched and creped. Filaments columnar. Kei-un. (Personal Name), (C.sasanqua), Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1936-1937, p.26 as ‘Keiun’: Deep scarlet, marbled white. Very large, single. Originated in the Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. A corruption of the name is ‘Kejun’.

Kei-un. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.332, colour photo and description: Large size, bright crimson with white variegation, semi-double with 2-3 rows of large, round petals and a central stamen cylinder with reddish filaments, joined for the lower third and yellow anthers. Leaves dark green, broad-elliptic, curved, coarsely serrate. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. A mutation of Ehigasa, released by Minoru Satô. Keiun (Kansai). (Personal Name). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.84 with colour photo; English translation p.56. White mottles on deep red ground, large, lotus form semi-double, tubular stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves oblong, large, waved. Upright, fast, dense growth. A sport of Ehigasa, discovered at Kimura’s Shikishima’en Nursery, named by Kiyoshi Tarumoto in 1975. From Hyôgo Prefecture. Keiyû-tobi’iri. (Keiyû Variegated), (C.japonica), Hino, Sukekatsu, 1637, Sukekatsukyôki. No description. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Keiyû-kasuri’. (Believed extinct.)

Keizaemon. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.417, 518: Formal double, deep pink with light pink band around petal edge. Originated in Japan. Chinese synonym ‘Kaidamo’. Keizen van Rusland. de Jonghe, 1851, Beknopte Handleiding tot het Kweeken von Camellias, p.123. Orthographic variant for Empereur de Russie.

50 Kejun. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption for the Japanese sasanqua name Kei-un. Kelaide. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr, 22nd August 1994. Chinese synonym for the Belgium C.japonica Collettii. Kelake. Shao, Taichong, 1992, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.73, No.284. Chinese synonym for the New Zealand C.saluenensis x C.reticulata hybrid Barbara Clark. Kelali. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.415; Chinese synonym for the Australia C.x williamsii Clarrie Fawcett. Kelalisi. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr, 22nd August 1994. Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Clarise

Carleton Variegated. Keleric. Feray’s Fine Flowers, 1960. Orthographic error for Kerlerec.

Kelfingtoniani. Mount Congreve Garden Catalogue, 1974-1975. Orthographic error for ‘Kilving- toniana’, synonym for Gigantea. Kelin. Gao, Jiyin, 1998, The World's Best Camellia Cultivars, p.103. Chinese synonym for

Colleen Sherrington. Kelingtonia. Le Page, S.A. Nurseries Catalogue, 1981-1982. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoni- ana’, synonym for Gigantea. Kelisibo. Shao, Taichong, 1992, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.73, No.275. Chinese synonym for the NZ hybrid Nicky Crisp. Kelisipu Boshi. Gao, Jiyin, 1998, The World's Best Camellia Cultivars, p.107. Chinese synonym for Dr Jane Crisp. Kelisiqin. ACS 1993, American Camellia Yearbook, p.39. Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Helen Christian. Kelixi. Shao, Taichong, 1992, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.77. No.241. Chinese synonym for the NZ C.reticulata hybrid Chrissie’s Retic.

Kelliana. Cachet Catalogue, 1840-1841, p.3. Orthographic error for Kellyana.

Kellingtonia. Menoreau Nursery Catalogue, 1894. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kellingtonia Red. Vanderbilt, 1941, Camellia Research, II, p.4. Synonym for Gigantea Red.

Kellingtonia Variegated. Lindo Nursery Price List, 1941-1942. Synonym for Gigantea.

Kelly. Burdin Maggiore & Co. Catalogue, 1886. Abbreviation for Kellyana. Kelly Abbott. (C.reticulata hybrid). C.Aust., Camellia News, Autumn 2008, No.176, p.13, colour photo front cover, Reg. No. 575. Originated by Keith Abbott, Rossmoyne, Western Australia. A chance seedling of C.reticulata hybrid Mouchang. First flowered in 1996. The informal double flower has 36 petals, and is a brilliant, bright medium red (RHS.CC. 68A) Size is 14 cm across x 7.5 cm deep. Flowers freely mid-season on a rapid growing, upright plant. Flowers fall whole. Leaves dark green, broad, pointy, down curved, 14 cm x 7 cm. Petals are interspaced with gold stamens, which creates an eye-catching bush. Kelly Gaye. (C.reticulata), New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, 1985, vol.XIV, No.1, p.25, Reg. No.224: A 5 year old, chance seedling, originated by A. Webster, Te Puke, New Zealand. Bright mid-pink, RHS.CC. Red Group, 54A. Large, formal double with 40-45 petals and 10 petaloids. Average, dense, medium in rate, growth with leaves, 9 cm x 4 cm, dark green. Flowers measure up to 11 cm across x 5 cm deep and often show a strong, spiral form. First flowered 1983. Flowers midseason to late.

51 Kelly McKnight. (C. hiemalis), American Camellia Yearbook, 1970, p.165, Reg. No.1087: A 9 year old C.hiemalis chance seedling that first flowered 1967. Originated by Mrs T. Kelly McKnight, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. Plant growth is average with medium size, dark green leaves, 4 cm long x 2 cm wide. The rose form double ‘Mathotiana’ (Julia Drayton), type, bloom is clear, brilliant red with no anthers. It measure 4.5 cm across x 3.2 cm deep with 35-40 petals. Blooms midseason.

Kellyana. (C.japonica), Harrison, ed.1838, Floricultural Cabinet, p.29: Light red with small, white spots. Originated in England. Orthographic errors: ‘Killyana’, ‘Kelliana’. Abbreviation: ‘Kelly’.

Kelly’s Eye. (C.sasanqua), ACRS., Dec.1990, Camellia News, No.115, p.11, Reg. No.394: Originated by Keith Abbott, West Riverton Drive, Rossmoyne, West Australia. A chance seedling that first flowered 1984. Informal to rose form double flowers of 20 petals are a light maroon red on the inner sections of the petals, shading to a deep maroon red on the outer edges, RHS.CC.74C-58A, 5 cm across x 3 cm deep. Blooms midseason on an upright, dense, vigorous plant. Leaves deep green, matt, elliptic, keeled, serrulate, pointed apex, 5 cm x 2 cm. Petals fluted and flat with few anthers.

Kelly’s Red. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1960, Camellia Nomenclature, p.68: Bright red. Small, semi-double, Sturdy, upright growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in USA by W. Kelly, Pasadena, California.

Kelmanii. (C.japonica), Catalogue des plantes Cultiveés la Société d’Horticulture de Belgique, 1842, p.22. No description. Originated in Belgium. (Believed extinct.)

Keloingtonia. Dauvesse Catalogue, 1855-1856. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea. Kelsey Beasley. (C.sasanqua). ACS 1994, American Camellia Yearbook, p.61, Reg. No.2290: Originated by Marvin Jernigan, Warner Robins, Georgia, USA. A large to very large red semi-double C.sasanqua chance seedling that blooms early to mid-season. The 10 year old seedling first flowered 1984. Average flower size is 10 cm across x 3.7 cm deep with 13 petals, white anthers and filaments. Plant growth is upright, dense and vigorous with dark green leaves 6.2

cm long x 2.5 cm wide. See colour photo between pp.64-65. Kelvington. Nairn & Son Nursery Catalogue, 1906. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kelvingtoni. Marchant Nursery Catalogue, 1937. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kelvingtonia. SCCS, 1951, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kelvingtoniana. RHS. Floral Committee, 1869, Gardeners’ Chronicle, (3):83. Henderson & Son, 1870, No.141, p.18. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kelvingtoniana Red. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.120. Synonym for Gigantea Red.

Kelvingtonii. André Leroy, 1878, Supplement to Catalogue Général, p.53. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.120. Synonym for Gigantea

Kelwingtonia. Vallon, Apr.1858, Revue Horticole, p.187. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kemi-no-sazanka. Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan. The Japanese name for C.gnaphalocarpa Makino.

Ken Blanchard. (C.japonica), ACS., Nov.1989, The Camellia Journal, vol.44, No.4, p.17, Reg. No.2180: Brilliant red, turning darker with age. Large, semi-double. Medium, upright growth.

52 Blooms mid-season to late. American Camellia Yearbook, 1989, p.124, colour photo [p.134]: The 11 year old seedling first bloomed 1983. Average flower size 12 cm across x 7 cm deep with 15 petals. Light green leaves 9.5 cm x 5 cm.

Ken Spragg. (C.reticulata), ACRS., 1980, Camellia News, No.74, p.24, Reg. No.245: Originated by Mrs Alice Spragg, Sutherland, N.S.W., Australia. A chance seedling that first bloomed 1974. The upright, spreading plant has mid-green, 9 cm x 3.2 cm leaves. The semi-double, 13 cm across, pink flower has erect, inner petals, notched and some streaked with white. Blooms mid-season to late.

Kena. Gao, Jiyin Ltr.25-5-90. Chinese synonym for Kona.

Kenbaranne. (C.hybrid), ACRS., 1989, Camellia News, No.111, p.12, Reg.370: Originated by Kenneth P. Brown, Mitcham, Victoria, Australia. A chance seedling from Snowdrop, that first flowered in 1985. Semi-double to loose, peony form with a soft pink edge fading to white at the centre, (RHS.CC.63C), 6 cm across x 4 cm deep. Leaves lanceolate, glossy green, flat, with serrate margins, apex cuspidate, 6 cm long x 2.6 cm wide. Free flowering over a long period on a medium growing plant with a weeping habit.

Kenchiu. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Synonym for Feastii. Kengamine. (Rim of the Ring). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.86 with colour photo; English translation p.57. Small, red, trumpet shaped single, somewhat channelled at the petal centres, tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves oblong, medium size. Spreading, vigorous growth. An open pollinated seedling of Hiiragi- tsubaki, pollen parent thought to be Yuri-tsubaki. Named and released by Sinichi Noguchi in 1993. From Tokyo. Kenkei. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, p.126. Different reading for Kenkyô.

Kenken. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr,30 July 1990. Chinese synonym for the Australian C.japonica Can Can.

Kengyô. Different reading for Kenkyô.

Kenkichikôhan. Different reading for Kamakichi-kifu.

Kenkiyo. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5. Corruption of the Japanese name Kenkyô.

Kenko. SCCS., 1951, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature. Corruption of the Japanese name Kenkyô.

Kenkyô. (Astonishing Sight), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, as ‘Shiro-miodoroki’, which is a synonym for Kenkyô. The name Kenkyô first appeared in Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki as one of seven trees: Snow white, double with 5 rows of petals, flower shape well ordered. . For colour plates see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.73; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.46, p.23, descript. p.98. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.240, p.114; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.296. Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.78; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.50, 212: Small leaves, ovate-elliptic, undulate, deep green, venation impressed. Petals of magnolia flowered nature, many, becoming smaller to the centre, pure white, double. Stamens mostly changed to small, bilobate, fan-shaped petaloids. Flowers mid-season. Originated in Japan. Synonyms: ‘Shiromi-kenkyô’, ‘Shiro-odoroki’. Different readings: ‘Kenkei’, ‘Kenkyoh’, ‘Miodoroki’, ‘Kenkyou’. Corruptions of the name: ‘Kenko’, ‘Kenkiyo’.

Kenkyô. (Astonishing Sight), (C.sasanqua), Ashizawa, Yagorô, 1898, Chabaika Taishû: Medium size, single, white with a pink cast, inner petals curved. Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.31 as a single, autumn flowering sasanqua. Different reading ‘Miodoroki’ in Chûgai Nursery Catalogue,1935-1936. See Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.513, p.210, description, p,382. Resembles Tsuya-no-tama.

53 Kenmaji. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.417; Chinese synonym for the Italy C.japonica ‘Contessa Lavinia Maggi’ (Lavinia Maggi). Kennedy’s Variegated. Rubel, 1939, Winter Hardy Camellias, Price List, No.77, p.21. Synonym for Elizabeth. Kenni. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.417; Chinese synonym for the France C.japonica Kenny. Ken-no-mai. Wada 1941, Garden Treasures of Japan, p.31: Different reading for Tsurugi-no-mai.

Kenny. (C.japonica), Cachet Catalogue, 1840-1841, p.3. No description. van Houtte Catalogue, 1841, 7:11: Very full peony form. Illustrated and described, Fendig, 1949, American Camellia Cata- logue: Large carmine, (Camellia Rose 622 & 622/1) splashed with white, 11 cm across x 5.5 cm deep. Outer petals, 5.5 cm long in two rows. Inner petals of crepe texture, are erect and undulate with stamens intermixed. Leaves dark green, 8 cm x 5 cm, leathery, serrations fairly coarse, apex broad-pointed, pronounced venation. Plant habit is spreading with medium growth rate. Listed by Guichard Soeurs from 1894 on and was imported to USA by McIlhenny 1934. Although the original scant description does not mention white marks, all the later listing describe white variegation in various proportions from “scant white marbling” to “predominantly white”. Evidently the cultivar became virus variegated at an early stage and the variegated form retains the original name. Synonyms: ‘Kenny Glen’, ‘Kenny Variegated’. Pseudonym: ‘Leviathan’. Chinese synonym ‘Kenni’.

Kenny Glenn. Thomasville Nursery Catalogue, 1947. Orthographic errors: ‘Kenny Glend’, ‘Kenny Glene’. Synonym for Kenny.

Kenny Glend. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Orthographic error for ‘Kenny Glen’, synonym for Kenny.

Kenny Glene. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Orthographic error for ‘Kenny Glen’, synonym for Kenny. Kenny Howard. (C.japonica), ACS 1994, American Camellia Yearbook, p.61, Reg. No.2292: Originated by M.K. Howard, Auburn, Alabama, USA. Small to medium size, rose coloured formal double C.japonica chance seedling that blooms mid-season. The 12 year old seedling first flowered 1986. Average flower size is 7.5 cm across x 3.7 cm deep with petals that swirl or stack. Plant growth is spreading and vigorous with dark green leaves 10.5 cm long x 5 cm

wide. See colour photo between pp.64-65. Kenny Variegated. Fruitland Nursery Catalogue, 1948-1949 as ‘Kenny Var.’. Synonym for Kenny. Kennyoides. Tirocco, 1928, Le Camelie, p.12. Orthographic error for Euryoides. Kenroku-koshibori. (‘Koshibori’ from Kenroku-en). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.173 with colour photo; Small tubular single, white ground sprayed with red dots. Flowers early to late. Leaves ovate, somewhat chanelled, medium size. Upright growth. A seedling of Kaga-koshibori, grown by Tokio Hara, named and released around 1999.

Kensan. Different reading for Misan.

Kent Deigaard. SCCS., 1951, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature. Synonym for Toki-no- hagasane.

Kentarô. (Given Name for Male), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.66, description, p.67, colour photo: Medium size, pinkish white, tubular to vase-shaped single with 5 broad, overlapping petals with irregular margins and a central stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined for the lower third, and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late.

54 Leaves dark green, elliptic to broad-elliptic, apices tapering acute, margins serrate. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. Parentage unknown, originated and released by Toshiaki Kosaki in 1985.

Kentii. Jacob Makoy Catalogue, 1833; Courtois, 1833, Magazin d’Horticulture, 1[pt.D]:316. Syn- onym for Crassinervis.

Kent’s. Anon. 1830, "Ueber die Cultur der Kamellien" in Der Blumen Gaertner, p.52. Loudon, 1838, Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, p.384-389 as ‘Kent’s Camellia’. Synonym for Crassinervis.

Kent’s Fringed Double White. Burnett, 1837, Magazine of Botany and Gardening, 3:145. Synonym for Fimbriata.

Kent’s Hexangular. Chandler & Booth, 1831, Illustrations and Descriptions of the Plants..., pl.39, given as a synonym for Crassinervis.

Kentucky. (C.japonica), Champernowne Catalogue, 1979-1980: Single, red with pointed petals. Very floriferous. Originated in England.

Kenzan. Different reading for Misan. Kerdalo. (C.reticulata), Originated by Roger Salaȕn, “Stervinou”, Guipronvel, France. A 16 year old seedling, first flowered 2008, parentage unknown. Plant is upright, with rapid growth, leaves dark green, 10.5cm x 5cm. Flower is semi-double to rose-form double, colour coral rose. Stamens are columnar, filments white, anthers yellow darkening to black. Long mid-season flowering, and flowers fall whole. Named for a Bretagne garden.

Kerelec. Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1962, p.6. Orthographic error for Kerlerec.

Kerelec Variegated. Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1962, p.6 as Kerelec Var’. Orthographic error for Kerlerec Variegated. Keren Frances. (C.reticulata hybrid). NZCS Camellia Bulletin, No.169, July 2010, p.12 with colour photo. Regn No.489. Chance seedling that first flowered in 2005. Plant is of average spread, dense, and medium growth rate. Large, dark green leaves are 13 cm x 8 cm. Flower is a tight peony form, 12.5 cm diameter x 8 cm deep, with about 35 petals and 0-5 petaloids. Colour is rose pink (RHSCC 53C). Some stamens interspersed with the petals, filaments yellow with pink base, and anthers yellow. Flowers early to midseason. Originated by Neil W.J. Ingram, New Plymouth, NZ. Kerguelen. (C.japonica), Stervinou Nursery, France. Large bright pink rose form double flowers, midseason to late. Genetically variegated foliage, dark green centres to silvery edges in various combinations. Kerlerec. (C.japonica), ACS., News Letter, July 1949, vol.4, No.3, Reg. No.14: Large, clear medium pink, incomplete double, 10 cm across x 5 cm deep with 3 rows of large petals with reflexed tips. A few large petals are interspersed with a large bunch of petaloids. Leaves mid-green, ovate, stiff, 10 cm x 5 cm, venation prominent. margins shallowly serrate, apex acuminate. Plant habit is hardy, vigorous and spreading. A seedling that originated at Jungle Gardens, Avery Island, Louisiana, USA that first flowered 1946. Orthographic errors: ‘Keleric’ ‘Kerelec”. Sport: Kerlerec Variegated.

Kerlerec Variegated. (C.japonica), McDonald Nursery Catalogue, 1956 as ‘Kerlerec Var.’. A virus variegated form of Kerlerec - Clear, medium pink blotched with white. Orthographic error: ‘Kerelec Variegated’. Originated in USA.

Kermes. Catalogo ed Inventario delle piante vive existenti nei giardino e serre di Villa Pamphilj, 1856. Synonym for Kermesina.

55 Kermescina. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.126. Orthographic error for Kermesina.

Kermesina. (C.japonica), Loddige’s Catalogue, 1836, p.25 as ‘Kermosina’. No description. Berlèse, 1837, Monographie, ed.1, p.97: Leaves 8.5 cm long x 5.3 cm wide, roundish-ovate, strongly nerved, of a very deep green; bud elongate, scales green; flower 7.5 cm across, cherry-red, double, petals round, erect, spatulate, like those of Rubricaulis, a few stamens in the centre. Synonyms: ‘Carminea de Loddiges’, ‘Palmers’. Orthographic errors: ‘Kermes’, ‘Kermescina’, ‘Kermesina’, ‘Kermocina’, ‘Kermosine’, ‘Karmosina’. Originated in England.

Kermocina. Harrison, ed., 1838, Floricultural Cabinet, p.28. Orthographic error for Kermesina.

Kermosina. Loddige’s Catalogue, 1836, p.25. Orthographic error for Kermesina.

Kermosine. Buist, 1839, American Flower Garden Directory, p.243. Orthographic error for Ker- mesina.

Kern County. (C.reticulata hybrid)’ SCCS., 1981, Camellia Nomenclature, p.176: Dark, rich red. Large, semi-double to loose, peony form. Vigorous, upright growth. Mid-season blooming. A seedling of Buddha raised by T. Alfter, Bakersfield, California, USA.

Kerrison. (C.japonica), Verschaffelt Catalogue, 1844-1845, p.26. No description. Naudin, Apr.1850, Revue Horticole, p.156-160: Flower opening cup-shaped, cherry-rose, petals striped and flamed with white to the centre, similar to Carswelliana; but the colours of the latter variety are very vivid. Franchetti, 1855, Collezione di Camelie, p.38: Vivid carmine, pointed petals, regularly striped and netted with white. Large, imbricated. Orthographic error: ‘Kerrissonii’.

Kerrissonii. Medici Spada, 1858, Catalogue nel Giardino a Villa Quiete, p.6. Orthographic error for Kerrison.

Kerry Ann. (C.japonica), Dodd, 1968, Adventure in Camellia Seedlings, p.12, colour photo: Soft, blush pink with the colour deepening towards the petal edge. (Sweet pea type) Formal double, medium size seedling of Nina Avery. Originated in USA by Richard Dodd, Marshallville, Georgia.

Kerry Anne Fraser. (C.hybrid), New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, 1986, vol.XIV, No.7, p.7, Reg. No.240: A 7 year old chance seedling, originated by T. Lennard, Te Puke, New Zealand that first flowered 1983. The plant has a spreading, open habit with medium growth rate and light green leaves 5.5 cm x 3 cm. The flowers are rose form to formal double, with about 20 petals and measure up to 10 cm across x 6.5 cm deep and open about 14 cupped and notched petals and a rose-bud centre. The colour is Post Office red (RHS.CC.45C) shading to claret rose at the petal base, Flowers mid-season to late. Kerry Elizabeth. (C.japonica hybrid). New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, March 2002, Issue No.141, vol.XXII, No.5, p.12, Reg. No.437. Registered by J.R. Finlay, Whangarei, New Zealand. A cross between C.hybrid Scented Sun x C.japonica Kramer’s Supreme, which first flowered in 1997. The large flower is anemone form, 12 cm diameter x 5.5 cm deep, with 13 petals and a large loose central mass of about 110 petaloids hiding the few stamens. The flower is weakly scented. The plant is of spreading form, average density and slow growth rate, with dark green leaves 10 cm long x 6 cm wide. Blooms mid-season to late. Kerryland. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1969, p.163, Reg. No.1050: A 7 year old chance seedling that first bloomed 1965. Originated by Harry Novick, Woodland Hills, California, USA. Plant growth is upright and average in rate with dark green leaves averaging 9.5 cm long x 5 cm wide. The semi-double flowers, similar to Frizzle White, are 13 cm across x 7.5 cm deep. Medium pink with 15 petals, 3-5 petaloids, yellow anthers and filaments. Flowers mid-season. Sport: Kerryland Varigated.

56 Kerryland Variegated. (C.japonica), Cannon, 1975, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.30, No.4 as ‘Kerryland Var.’. A virus variegated form of Kerryland - Medium pink blotched white. Originated in USA.

Keruimo Damudan. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr. 25-5-1990. Chinese synonym for the USA. C.japonica Kramer’s Supreme. Keruimo Nühai. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Kramer’s Beauty. Kerwin. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1962, Camellia Nomenclature, p.59: White, large, semi-double with a few unusual petaloids in the centre. Vigorous, compact, upright growth. Mid-season flowering. Originated in USA by A.C. Thompson, Rosemead, California. Kescia. (C.japonica), L.L. Liebig, 1839 Verzeichnis von Warmen und Kalten Hauspflanzen…, p.10. Originated in Germany. No description. (Believed extinct.) Kesida. Gao, Jiyin, 1993, The Observations from the Camellia World, p.64, No.463. Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Mary Costa. Kesôji-hitosuji. (Single Stripe of Kesôji Temple). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.85 with colour photo; English translation p.57. Small to medium, red formal double with a single white stripe at the centre of each petal. Occasionally solid red flowers. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, small. Spreading growth. The original tree is being raised at Kesôji Temple in Mikawa District. Named and released by Hiroshige Hayakawa in 1980. From Aichi Prefecture. Ketcam Burch. (C.reticulata). ACRS., 1973, Camellia News, No.51, p.36, Reg. No.154: Originated by E.R. Sebire, Wandin North, Victoria, Australia. A seedling from C.reticulata Buddha, pollen parent unknown, first bloomed 1970. The plant has an upright, open, vigorous habit of growth with dark green, lanceolate leaves, 13 cm x 5 cm, distinctly reticulate, sharply serrate. The rose-pink, semi-double, 16 cm blooms are produced mid-season. Ketita. (C.japonica), Cattolica, G., Le mie Camelie, My Camellias, 2005, p.110 with colour photo; Semi- double to peony form, some petaloids mixed with stamens in the centre. Pinkish, with pink to red (RHS.CC.46D, 56B, and 58B) streaks and variegations. A seedling of ‘Pomponia Semiplena’ (Pomponia Semi-duplex) x Tricolor Florentine, first flowered in 1980. Originated by Dott. Guido Cattolica, Livorno, Italy.

Kettley Nobilis. (C.japonica), van Houtte Catalogue, 1845-1846, 23:7. No description. Originated in Italy. (Believed extinct.)

Kevin Murphy. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1983, p.161, Reg. No.1881: A small, faint pink, darker at edges, formal double C.japonica chance seedling, mid-season blooming. Originated by Mrs W.M. Bozeman, Thunderbolt, Georgia, USA. The 19 year old seedling first bloomed 1972. Average flower size 7 cm across x 2.5 cm deep. Some petals incurved.

Kew Blush. Seidel, 1816-1817, Allgemeinen Deutschen Garten Magazin, 2:VIII. Synonym for Pompone. Mertens & Fontaine, Collection de cent espèces.....camellia, 1845, pl. 62. Kewblusch. Verschaffelt, 1844-1845, Catalogue, p.26. Synonym for Incarnata.

Kewblush. Berlèse, 1837, Monographie, ed.1, p.106: It is a sub-variety of Incarnata, flowers not so regular and not star form. However this comes within the normal varietal differences and it is considered a synonym of Incarnata.

Kewblusk. Catalogue des plantes Cultiveés la Société d’ Horticulture de Belgique, p.22. Ortho- graphic error for ‘Kewblush’. Synonym for Incarnata.

Keweina. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr, 30 July 1990. Chinese synonym for Covina.

57 Kewita. (C.japonica), Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.120: Deep Crimson. Originated in England.

Kew Rose. (C.japonica), SCCS, 1951, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature: Pink. Medium size, rose form double. Brought from England in 1949.

Kewpie Doll. (C.japonica), McCaskill Gardens Catalogue, 1971: Chalky, light pink, miniature, anemone form with a high petaloid centre. Vigorous, upright growth, Mid-season flowering. Originated by McCaskill Gardens, Pasadena, California, USA. See colour pl.88, Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978. Chinese synonym: ‘Duoer’.

Kew’s Blush. Curtis, 1819, Monography on the Genus Camellia, pl.5. Synonym for Pompone.

Kezia. (C.japonica) Guilfoyle, 1875, Botanic Papers, p.26. No description. Originated in Australia. (Believed extinct.)

Kezôji-hitosuji. (Kezô Temple - One Stripe), (C. rusticana) , Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.49, colour photo, p.212, description: Formal double, light red with rare vertical stripes of varying width about a centre of petals of pinkish white. Petals emarginate, inclined to come to a point at the apex. Somewhat similar to Orandakô and Gochi-no-musume. Leaves elliptic, olive green, apex acuminate, recurved, margins sharply serrate, defined venation. Originated in The Chûbu District, Japan. Kholkida. (C.sasanqua). Pépinières Thoby, Carquefou, France, Plant List, 2003, p.17. No description.

Khorei. Different reading for Kôrei.

Khick Off. Torsanlorenzo Catalogue, 1984-1985. Orthographic error for Kick-Off.

Kiandra. (C.japonica), ACRS, 1966, Camellia News, No.24, p.36, Reg. No.36: Originated by J.R. Williams, Turramurra, NSW, Australia, as a plant purchased from Camellia Grove Nursery, St. Ives, N.S.W. as Kosciusko and considered to be a sport of that variety. It first flowered in 1958 and produces creamy white blooms of semi-double appearance with 7 large, twisted and extensively crinkled petals, opening from long, conical buds. It flowers early to mid-season and is 8-10 cm across. The foliage is light green with the upper half of the leaf abnormally and bluntly serrated.

K1-Karako. Meyer Piet, 1978, SCCS., The Camellia Review, vol.40, No.1. Orthographic error for Kikarako.

Kia Ora. (C.x williamsii), R.E. Harrison & Co. Ltd Nursery Catalogue, 1966, p.20: Large flowered semi- double, soft orchid pink with a long flowering season. Bushy, spreading growth. A seedling of C.saluenensis x ‘Lotus’, (Gauntlettii), originated by L. Jury, New Zealand.

Kiaran. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.121. Orthographic error for Kiaron.

Kiaron. (C.japonica), Guilfoyle Catalogue, 1866, p.18. No description. Originated in Australia. Ortho- graphic error: ‘Kiaran’. (Believed extinct.)

Kiba-no-sazanka. (Yellow Leaf Sasanqua), (C.sasanqua), Katayama, 1960, Tsubaki to Ochabana, p.10: Pink, single, large, one of the chance seedlings of Negishiko. JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.45: Medium size, double, peach red. Originated in Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan.

Kibasazanka. Based on the same characters as Kiba-no-sazanka.

Kibi. (Old Name for Okayama), (Wabisuke), JCS., 1978, Japan Camellia, No.25, p.10, #2: Very small, peach colour charged with purple. Single, campanulate, small flower. Blooms early to mid-season. Anthers abortive but occasionally bears fruit. See Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.137. Originated in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. A mutation of a wild camellia. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1979.

58 Kibina. (Place Name). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.73 with colour photo; English translation p.49. Miniature, pink, tubular to trumpet shaped single, thick and lanceolate petals, plicate at the centre vein, cylindrical stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves somewhat oblong, small. Somewhat upright. A cross between C.japonica Kon- wabisuke and C.saluenensis, originated by Nobuo Sasai in 1983, released in 1997. From Okayama Prefecture. Kibune. (Place Name), Mizuno, 1661, Kadan Kômoku: White spotted pink. Double. Originated in Japan. (believed extinct.) Different readings: ‘Kifune’, ‘Kihune’.

Kicchô. (Lucky Omen), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.42, colour photo, p.209, description: Medium size, pinkish red, open peony form with the first two rows of petals reflexed, the next two cupped upwards to a small, spreading cluster with a few petaloids, floriferous. Leaves, medium size, lustrous green, elliptic-lanceolate, apex acuminate, margins finely serrulate. Originated in Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

Kichi’emon-kyarabiki. (Kichi’emon’s Saw Toothed Leaf), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû: The flower is a small, blush pink single, cup-shaped. Leaves very small and narrow, brownish green, sharply serrate. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.168. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kichiuemon-kyarabiki’.

Kichiuemon-kyarabiki. Different reading for Kichi’emon-kyarabiki.

Kichizô-nishiki. (Cherish Good Luck Brocade), (C.japonica), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.101, black and white photo: Large, semi-double white with carmine streaking. Outer petals, large, inclined to be notched, wide spread; inner ones cupped to semi-erect around a short, compact stamen column. Originated in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Resembles Hat- suseyama & Oki-no-nami.

Kichô. (Yellow Tone), (C.japonica x C.chrysantha), JSC, Japan Camellia, No.36, Oct.1990, p.4: A seedling of C.japonica ‘Haku-arashi-saga’ x C.chrysantha. Flower colour is pale yellow, of the same degree as Shokô, pale pink in the bud. Size of flower, 5 cm across, single, cup-shaped. Leaves similar to C.japonica, 13 cm long x 5 cm wide. Blooms early. Proved fertile. Originated by Tadao, Yamaguchi, Tsurugi-chô, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Named and released in 1990.

Kichô-de-chafakurin. (Kichô’s Light Brown Margin), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû in margined leaves section: Flower single, purplish red, cup-shaped. (Believed extinct.) Different readings: ‘Kichô-de-chahukurin’, ‘Sachô-chafukurin’. Originated in Japan. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.168.

Kichô-de-chahukurin. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu Tsubaki, Tokushû, p.136, Different reading for Kichô-de-chafukurin.

Kichô-tsubaki. (Kichô’s Camellia), (C.japonica), Hantei Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Very small leaves, rugged surface, thought to be caused by a virus. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No,7, p.158. Originated in Japan. (believed extinct.)

Kick-Off. (C.japonica), Nuccio’s Nurseries Catalogue, 1962. American Camellia Yearbook, 1965, p.238, Reg. No.693: [SCCS No.62-29]. A 10 year old seedling, parentage unknown, that bloomed first in 1957. Originated by Nuccio’s Nurseries, Altadena, California, USA. Early to mid-season flowering. Flowers have dark markings on a light pink, are 12.5-13 cm across x 7.5 cm deep. They are peony form on a vigorous, upright and compact bush. For colour photos see: Front cover, SCCS, 1962, The Camellia Review, vol.24, No.2 and p.96, Macoboy, 1981, The Colour Dictionary of Camellias. Sport: Touchdown. Chinese synonyms: ‘Yingduo’, ‘Kaisai’.

59 Kidômaru. (Name of a Boy in old Literature) (C.sasanqua). Sasanquas, The Winter Flowers, 2010, p.9 with colour photo; English translation p.7; White base, petal edges tinged with red, flower buds deep red. Lower sides of petals remain deeper red even after flower opens. Large single, very early flowering. Appears in Chabaika Taishû (1898). Old trees remain in Tokyo and Saitama. A representative Edo sasanqua.

Ki’emon. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Variegated with red on a light coloured ground, like a splashed pattern. Large size, double flower. Resembles Kaizan. Different reading: ‘Kiuemon’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kifujin. (Elegant Woman), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Wholesale Catalogue, 1986-1987: Soft pink fading to white at petal base. Medium size, single. Vigorous, upright growth. Blooms mid-season. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.127, colour photo and description: Medium size, soft pink, paler towards the petal base, single with strong stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined at the lower third, and gold anthers. Leaves dark green, broad-lanceolate, apices acute. Originated in Kurume, Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan. A seedling of Chûbu-tsukimiguruma. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.73 with colour photo; English translation p.49. Stated to be a chance seedling of Yukimiguruma, named and released by Kôichi Inoue.

Kifuku-benten. Tateyama Nursery List, 1957. Different reading for Kifukurin-benten. Kifukufutae-benten. (Yellow Variegated “Futae-benten”), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.7, A-320: Medium size red single with yellow variegated leaves. Blooms early. Originated in Japan. Kifukurasen. Tateyama Nursery List, 1957. Different reading for Kifukurin-rasen.

Kifukurin-benikarako. (Yellow Bordered, Red Anemone), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, in the section for variegated leaves; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Yellowish variegated leaf, anemone form. See colour plates: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.39. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.l22; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.450; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.42, description, p.210: Small, red, anemone form, with 5 outer petals and compact cushion of small, folded petaloids. Foliage ovate, apices blunt acute, margins serrulate, variegated yellowish green on mid-green. Originated in Kantô area, Japan. Sport of Benikarako. Different reading: ‘Kihukurin-benikarako’. Synonym: ‘Fukurin-benikarako’.

Kifukurin-benten. (Yellow Bordered ‘Benten’), (C.rusticana), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Iro- hanayose Irotsuki in section on variegated leaves; Itô, Ko’emon,1879, Chinkashû: Rose-red, small, single with leaves having pale yellow variegation. For colour photos see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.217; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.446; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.42; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.154, 155; Macoboy, 1981, The Colour Dictionary of Camellias, p.96: Leaves dark green with pale yellow variegation and distorted margins, petiole hirsute. Flower small, single, red. Blooms mid-season to late. Compact and upright plant. Different readings: ‘Kifuku-benten’, ‘Kihuku-benten’. Synonym: ‘Benten’, ‘Lutea Variegata’. Local name in Niigata: ‘Hoshi-sekai’. Originated in Kantô area, Japan.

Kifukurin-benten. (Yellow Bordered Benten), (C.japonica), Nuccio’s Nursery Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.27: Compact and upright plant with green leaves, bordered light green. Produces an unusual, miniature, anemone form flower with a tight, tufted centre. Orangy red. Blooms mid-season to late. Not the same as Itô’s Kifukurin-benten. Imported from Japan. Corruption of name: ‘Kifukwin-benten’.

60 Kifukurin-benten. (Yellow Bordered benten), (C.sasanqua), Engeitechô, 1960: White, pink towards the margins, medium size, single. Leaves yellow bordered. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Fukurin-benten’. Kifukurin-kuro-tsubaki. (‘Kuro-tsubaki’ with benten variegated leaves.) (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.216 with colour photo; Small, dark red single, incomplete pistil. Leaves somewhat small and waved, yellowish-green borders in a distinctive pattern, veins at borders prominent. Spreading, somewhat dwarf growth. A sport of Kuro-tsubaki, found by Shinichi Noguchi, Tokyo, Japan, named and released in 2004.

Kifukurin-rasen. (Yellow Bordered Rasenzome), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, in section of variegated leaves; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Cardinal red, mottled white, large semi-double. Leaves, yellow variegated border on mid-green. Different reading: ‘Kifurasen’, ‘Kihukurin-rasen’. Synonym: ‘Kifukurin-rasenbeni’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kifukurin-rasenbeni. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue, as ‘Ki-hurinin-rasen-beni’. Syn- onym for Kifukurin-rasen.

Kifukurin-rasenkarako. (Anemone centred ‘Rasenzome’ Bordered Leaves), (C.japonica), Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Cardinal red, anemone form. Leaves yellow variegated margins on green. Originated in Japan. Kifukurin-tama-no-ura. (Yellow Bordered Leaf ‘Tama-no-ura’). (C.japonica), Kurume Camellia, 1997, English translation, p.8; Red, edged clear white, Small campanulate single. Leaves have a yellow margin. Flowers early to mid-season. Named by N. Konomi, Kurume, Japan.

Kifukurin-toki-no-mai. (Yellow Bordered ‘Toki-no-mai’), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.234: Flower, palest pink with red streaks, medium size, anemone form. A sport of ‘Toki-no-mai’ having leaves with a border of yellow variegation. Originated in Murakami City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kifukwin-benten. Nuccio’s Nurseries Catalogue, 1982-1983, p.26. Corruption of Japanese name Kifukurin-benten.

Kifutamiya-tsubaki. (Yellow Variegated Camellia from Tamiya), (C.japonica), Aoyama, Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Different reading ‘Kihu-tamiya-tsubaki’. Large, yellow virus variegated leaves. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kifu-tsubaki. (Yellow Variegated Camellia), (C.japonica), Aoyama, Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Different reading ‘Kihu-tsubaki’: Broad, round leaves with a clear, yellow dapple. Originated in Japan. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.160. (Believed extinct.)

Kifayamataka-tsubaki. (Yamataka’s Yellow Variegated Camellia), (C.japonica), Aoyama, Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Different reading ‘Kihuyamataka-tsubaki’. Virus variegated leaves. No distinct form. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.158. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kigyoku. (Noble Jewel), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature of Sasanqua of Japan, p.11: Pure white. Large, single with round and incurved petals. Originated in Japan. Kihan. (Returning Voyage). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.73 with colour photo; English translation p.49. Small, changing to white single with embracing petals, cylindrical stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, small to medium size, thick. Upright growth with short nodes. A natural seedling of Kasenzan, named and released by San-in Camellian Club in 1993. From Shimane Prefecture.

61 Kihô. (Yellow Phoenix), (C.japonica x C.chrysantha), Tadao, Yamaguchi, Oct.1990, International Camellia Journal, No.22, p.59 with colour photo on front cover: A seedling fom C.japonica Hakuhô x C.chrysantha. Colour light yellow, 6 cm across, single, tubular to campanulate, with 6-7 petals. Mid-season blooming. Leaves resemble C.japonica in shape, 11 cm long x 4 cm wide. Originated by Tadao Yamaguchi, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Kihô. (Meaning Uncertain). (C.japonica), Nagoya Camellia Society Bulletin, 1992, No.25, p.7, colour plate No.18: Originated by Kôji Funakoshi, Nagoya, Japan. A chance seedling of Kangen. Medium to large size, rose-red semi-double with outward curving petals and split cylinder of stamens. It has a long bud of white petals, edged pink, resembling the handle of a Japanese sword artistically bound with red threads on a white background. Fragrant. Blooms mid- season.

Kihôden. (Palace of Princely Treasure), (C.japonica), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.102, black and white photo. For colour photo: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.383; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.43, description, p.210: Semi-double, medium size, 4-5 rows of petals, emarginate, large, rounded, the faintest, creamy blush, small, sparse stamens, light yellow anthers, white filaments. Leaves elliptic, shining, dark green, apex acuminate, margins serrulate, recurving strongly at the apex. Late flowering. Originated in Angyô, Kawaguchi City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. Kihujin. Kurume Shibu colour poster illustration, 1997. Different reading for Kifujin. See ICS Register, p.987. Kihukurin-benten. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No,1, p,57. Different reading for Kifukurin-benten.

Kihukurin-rasen. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki, Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Different reading for Kifukurin-rasen.

Kihukurin-rasenbeni. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Different reading for ‘Kifukurin-rasenbeni’ (Kifukurin-rasen).

Kihukurin-rasenkarako. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Different reading for Kifukurin-rasenkarako.

Kihune. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Different reading for Kibune.

Kihu-tamiya-tsubaki. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.136. Different reading for Kifutamiya-tsubaki.

Kihu-tsubaki. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.136. Different reading for Kifu-tsubaki.

Kihu-yamataka-tsubaki. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.136. Different reading for Kifuyamataka-tsubaki.

Kii-no-kuniosa. (Governor of the Kii Province), (C.japonica), Shirai, Mitsutarô, 1926, Tsubaki Kai: White ground, striped pink. Single.Originated in Japan.

Kiji. (Pheasant), (C.japonica), Hosaka, Hachirô, 1937, Genshoku Kaboku Zufu. No description. Origi- nated in Japan.

Kijokko. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5. Corruption of Japanese name Kyokkô.

Kijosu. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5. Corruption of Japanese name ‘Kiyosu’ (Kiyoshi). Ki-kamo-honnami. (Yellow ‘Kamo-honnami’). (C.nitidissima hybrid). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.292 with colour photo; Pale yellow single,

62 small to medium size, tubular stamen ring. Flowers mid-season. Leaves ovate, medium size. Upright vigorous growth. A seedling of Kamo-honnami x C.nitidissima, originated and named by Shinichi Noguchi, Tokyo, Japan, and released in 2007.

Kikanjô. (Auspicious Restored Castle), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.434: White, large size, semi-double, with red stripes and 3-4 rows of petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Ki-kantsubaki. (Yellow Kantsubaki), (C.japonica), Aoyama Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihan Kagami. Yellow camellia. Leaves strongly twisted like a cup-shape. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.159. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kikarako. (Yellow Anemone), (C.japonica), Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.167, p.57, description, p.214: Small size, anemone centered single, with one row of white, irregular sized, guard petals around a compact cushion of yellow petaloids. For colour photos see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.389; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.41, description, p.209. Originated in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan as a sport of Fuji-no-yuki (Higo). Corruption of name: ‘K1 Karata’.

Kikatoga. Harris’ Longview Nursery Retail Price List, 1955-1956, p.9. Corruption of Japanese name Kikutôji.

Kikenjo. (C.sasanqua), Camellia Forest Nursery Catalogue, 1988, p.2: Large size, light pink, single Camellia. Originated in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Kiki do Casal. (C.japonica), ICS Journal, 2003, p.100 with colour photo, Reg. No.41: An open pollinated seedling of Bokuhan, originated by Eng. José Gil, Casa do Casal, Santo Tirso, Portugal. First flowered in 1997 at circa 8 years. The plant forms an open, upright shrub of medium growth rate. Flowers over a long period, mid-season to late. Light red (RHS.CC.51A), anemone form, 7 cm across x 5 cm deep. Leaves light green, elliptic, 7 cm x 2-3 cm, apex acuminate, margins slightly serrate and slightly reflexed. Kikkacha. Funaki-en Camellia Mail Order List, No.8, 1986-1987, p.15. Japanese synonym for the

Chinese C.grijsii Zhenzhucha. Kikkôba. Angyô, 1955, Shokubutsu Shunjû. Synonym for Kikkô-tsubaki.

Kikkôba-tsubaki. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Synonym for Kikkô-tsubaki.

Kikkoha. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Different reading for ‘Kikkôba’, synonym for Kikkô-tsubaki.

Kikkô-tsubaki. (Tortoise-shell Camellia), (C.japonica), Mizuno, Tada’aki, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû: This is in the section for unusual leaves in which the pronounced veining looks like Tortoise Shell. Double, red flower. Resembles Shusugasane. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.169. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Synonyms: ‘Kikkôba’, ‘Kikkôha’, ‘Kikkôba-tsubaki’.

Kikôshi. (Young Noble), (C.rusticana), Hagiya & Ishikawa, 1968, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.9, p.56, black and white photo, p.1V, (E): White, single, 8 cm across with 5 irregular emarginate petals. Stamens about 130, dark yellow. Leaves long-ovate becoming wavy. Petiole hirsute. For colour photo see: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.41. Collected by Susumu Ishizawa from a private family in the Inazawa District, Aichi Prefecture, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1968.

Kikotugi. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5. Corruption of the Japanese name Kikutôji.

Kiku-dzuki. Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1936-1937. Different reading for Kikuzuki.

63 Kikugasane. (Chrysanthemum Double), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô; Kasuya Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Medium sized, snow white, formal double flower. Convex in shape. Different reading ‘Kikukasane’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kikuhikari. (Shining Chrysanthemum), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.389, colour photo and description: Medium size, palest pink, formal double with 5-6 rows of rounded, slightly emarginate and imbricated petals. Leaves mid-green, broad elliptic, apex tapering, blunt acute, margins shallowly crenate. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in the Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Yoshio Yamada in 1979.

Kiku-itadaki. (Chrysanthemum Crown), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias in Japan, pl.220, p.111, description, p.155: Leaves large, thin, green to olive green, broadly elliptic, cuspidate, manifestly crenate, venation slightly impressed, 9-11 cm long x 3.6-5.7 cm wide; petioles 7-8 mm long, hairy. Flowers of peony type, deep red, (Cardinal Red 821/2) petals 12-32, diminishing in size to the centre and intermixing with many small, fan-shaped petaloids. Stamens with irregular, pale red filaments. Mid-season to late flowering. Originated in Japan by Mr Yamamoto, Yatsuo-machi, Toyama Prefecture. Kikujido. (Personal Name) (C.japonica) from Ehime Pref., Japan Camellia No.63, August 2000: A seedling of Kikuzuki: Pink, single, miniature to small, lotus to bellflower shaped, stamens look like those of C.rusticana, blooms early. Tree spreading. Originated by Kyûshi Fujiwara

in 1994. Named after a historic person in China. Kikukasane. American Camellia Yearbook, 1969, p.93; “Japanese Varieties of 1710”. Different reading for Kikugasane. Kikumi. (Kumi’s Yellow). (C.cucphuongensis hybrid). "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.100 with colour photo; A cross of C.cucphuongensis x C.nitidissima, originated by T. Kunitake, Kurume, Japan. First flowered 2004, named 2008. Butter yellow, small to medium size semi-double. Columnar stamens. Leaves very large, oblong, similar to C.nitidissima. Flowers mid-season. Weak resistance to frost.

Kiku-no-hai. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.136 as ‘Kiku-nohai’. Different reading for Kiku-no-sakazuki.

Kiku-no-sakazuki. (Chrysanthemum Sake Cup), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Red, very large double, outer petals open flatly, inner erect. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Synonym: ‘Mokichi-tsubaki’.

Kikurenka. (Chrysanthemum Lotus Flower), (C.japonica), Itô, Toku’emon, 1788, Tsubaki Hanagata Tsuki Obo’echô; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Medium size, white double with long, slender petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kikusarasa. (Dappled Chrysanthemum), (C.japonica), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamakie, vol.15; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irhanayose Irotsuki; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Light pink streaked deeper pink, formal double. See colour photos: Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation & Artistic..., p.94; Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.203; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.365, p.186, description p.198; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.431, description, p.356. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.397; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.41, description, p.209: Leaves broadly oblong to obovate-oblong, acute apex, impressed venation, minutely depressed, crenate-serrulate margins. Flowers white to pale pink, narrowly striped with rose, (Crimson 22/1 to 22/2) sometimes pure rose, formal double. Flowers mid-season. Originated in Kantô District, Japan. Different readings: ‘Kiku Sarasa’, ‘Kikuzarasa’. Sport: Momogiku. Corruption of name: ‘Kikuzasara’.

64 Kikushokkô. (Chrysanthemum Sechuan Red), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, No.182; Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306: A large flower. The corolla is thick and convex. Red stripes on pink. Different reading: ‘Kiku-syokkô’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kikusui. (A Family Crest). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.69 with colour photo; English translation p.46. Large, white, sake cup-shaped single with thick petals and tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Spreading, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas growing at Shiroyama in Hamada City, named and released by Kôsaku Masuda in 1980. From Aichi Prefecture. Kiku-syokkô. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Different read-

ing for Kikushokkô. Kikutai. (Chrysanthemun Sack), (C.hybrid), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.87, colour photo and description: Medium size, soft pink, single with 7 petals with rolled in margins and a central stamen cluster, with white filaments and pale yellow anthers. Occasionally a small, double flower is produced. Blooms mid-season. Leaves mid-green, lanceolate, apices tapering acuminate, recurved, margins serrulate, waved. Originated in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan by Fumio Yokomizo from the cross, C.japonica Kikuzuki x Tiny Princess = (C.rusticana x [C.japonica x C.fraterna]).

Kikutogi. SCCS, 1947, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature. Corruption of the Japanese name Kikutôji.

Kikutoji. (Chrysanthemum Knot), (C.japonica), Okumura, ca. 1810, Chinka Hini’i; Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.695; Peony form, medium size, red; Hirayama, Tokuo, (latter 17th Century), Tsubaki Byôbu. No description. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.309: Peony form, red, divided stamen cluster. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) This name refers to the chrysanthemum shaped knot attached to traditional Japanese garments. Note: Nanzezare, Hyakuchinshû, 1630, is thought to be a synonym.

Kikutôji. (Chrysanthemum in Winter Solstice), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Iro- hanayose Irotsuki: Cardinal red with white spots, medium size, formal double. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Cardinal red, blotched white, medium size, full formal double. Colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.160; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.310, p.157, descrip. p.183; Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.114; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.421; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.12; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.396: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1980, Senchinshû, p.41, description, p.209: Leaves oblong to broadly elliptic, venation a little impressed, crenate margins. Flowers medium small, formal double, dark pink, (Spinel Pink 0625) clearly spotted white. Petals incurved at margins. Flowers very early to mid-season. Originated in Japan. “Kiku” = chrysanthemum; “Toji” = the winter solstice alluding to its very early flowering. Synonym: ‘Chrysanthemum Season’, ‘Winter Chrysanthemum’. Corruptions of the Japanese name: ‘Kikutogi’, ‘Kikutori’, ‘Kikatoga’, ‘Kikotugi’, ‘Kikutugi’, ‘Kikutoji’. Note: Kikutoji and Kikutôji are two different and distinct cultivars. Sport: Kikutoji Pointed.

Kikutoji. (Chrysanthemun in Winter Solstice), (C.x vernalis), Minagawa, Iza’emon, 1885, Nisshô’en Chabaifu; Takana, et al, 1987, American Camellia Yearbook, p.11. Medium size, red double. Said to have originated in Japan about 1885. Kiku-tôji (Kanagawa). (C.sasanqua). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.296 with colour photo; English translation p.207. Medium size, white graduating to deep red at petal edges, flat single. Flowers early. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Origin unknown, released by Sakata Nursery in 1970s. Strong contrast between the white and red colours.

65 Kikutôji-shibori. (‘Kikutôji’ Variegated), (C.x vernalis), Minagawa, Iza’emon, 1885, Nisshô’en Chabaifu: Variegated form of the C.x vernalis Kikutôji above. White spots on red, Double. Originated in Japan.

Kikutoji Pointed. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1951, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature. A sport of Kikutôji with pointed petals. Originated in USA.

Kikutori. Overlook Nursery Catalogue, 1948-1949. Corruption of the Japanese name Kikutôji. Kikutugi. SCCS., 1942, Classification of Camellias, p.4. Corruption of the Japanese name Kikutôji. Kikutsuki. Different reading for Kikuzuki.

Kikuyukishiro. (Chrysanthemum Snow White), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Iro- hanayose Irotsuki: Small double, of the palest pink with red dots. See JCS., 1969, Tsubaki, No.7, p.30. Sport: Kikuyukibeni. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kikuyukibeni. (Red and White Chrysanthemum), (C.japonica), Hachiboku Sanbokutsuki Meisai, (before 1868); Yokoyama, 1982, JCS., Tsubaki, No.21, p.107: White, double, small corolla, red markings. A sport of Kikuyushiro. Different reading: ‘Kikuyukikurenai’. See JCS., 1982, Tsubaki, No.21, p.107. Originated in Japan.

Kikuyukikurenai. Different reading for Kikuyukibeni. Kikuzarasa. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.203. Different reading for Kikusarasa. Kikuzasara. Tokio Nurseries Catalogue, 1896. Orthographic error for Kikusarasa.

Kikuzuki. (Chrysanthemum Moon), (C.rusticana), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Early flowering, light red, with white spots, sake cup shape; Uesa, 1844, Sômoku Benran: Single, red with white spots. Synonym: ‘Kata’onami’. It is possible that these ancient Kikuzuki were different to the modern cultivar, but the descriptions are similar so they are listed here together. See colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.107; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.158, p.79, descrip., p.135; Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai, to Saibai, pl.18; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.31, p.48; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.146; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.41: A famous cultivar from the Kansai District, Japan. Leaves narrowly elliptic, round at base, acutate apex, impressed venation; petioles hairy. Flowers single, rose (Rose Madder 23/2), petals 5-6, incurved to cup-shaped, stamens short, anthers golden. Slightly fragrant. Chrysanthemum moon is the 9th lunar month and alludes to the early flowering of the cultivar. Different readings: ‘Kikutsuki’, ‘Kikugetsu’, ‘Kikudzuki’. Synonyms: ‘Akakikuzuki’, ‘Kata-onami’. Kikuzuki. (Kurume) (C.hybrid). Kurume Camellia, 1997, English translation, p.24 as ‘Kikuzuki’. A cross of C.japonica x C.granthamiana. Soft pink ground with a red border. Large, open, trumpet shaped single. Flowers early to mid-season.

Kikyô. (Chinese Balloon Flower), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.104: Small size, single, white, petal edges pointed. Note: It is possible that this is a synonym for the Hyakuchinshû 1630 Kikyô-tsubaki. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kikyô. (Chinese Balloon Flower), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Red, single, like a Chinese Balloon flower. Note: It is possible that this cultivar was the same as the Kadan Chikinshô Akakikyô of 1695. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kikyô-shibori. (Chinese Balloon Flower Variegated), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô: Single, medium large, white flower with a red, splashed pattern. Originated in Japan. Listed in the Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306. (Believed extinct.)

66 Kikyô-tsubaki. (Chinese Balloon Flower Camellia), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Small, white, single. Looks like the flower of Kikyô, the Chinese Balloon Flower, Platycodon grandiflorum. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kikyoh-tsubaki’. Note: Thought possible to be synonymous with Shirokikyô from Kadan Chikinshô, 1695 and Kikyô from the Chinka Zufu, (before 1700).

Kikyoh-tsubaki. Andoh, 1984, International Camellia Journal, No.16, p.46. Different reading for Kikyô-tsubaki.

Kildare. (C.japonica), Dodd, 1968, Adventure in Camellia Seedlings, p.8, colour photo: A medium size, irregular, anemone centered, double seedling of Lindsay Neill with a row of large, twisted and fluted petals about a central cushion of small, erect petals and petaloids with a few stamens, Colour light red. Originated by Richard Dodd, Marshallville, Georgia, USA.

Kilingtonia. Pepinieres Minier Catalogue, 1968, p.45. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Killara. (C.japonica), Outteridge, 1962, 1000 Named Camellias in Australia: A pink, informal double, medium large, mid-season flowering. Originated by G. Linton, Kewita, Somersby, N.S.W., Australia.

Killarney King. Magnolia Gardens and Nursery Catalogue, 1942-1943. Synonym for Mikenjaku as ‘Nagasaski’.

Killingtonia. Fratelli Rovelli Catalogue, 1852, p.20. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Killoingtonia. Verschaffelt Catalogue, 1844-1845, p.26. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Killwingtonia. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Killwingtoniana. von Biedenfeld, 1856, Practische der Grundlehren von Camellien. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Killyana. van Houtte Catalogue,1839, 1:5. Orthographic error for Kellyana.

Kiloingtoni. André Leroy Catalogue, 1868. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kiloingtoniana. Desportes, 1847, Revue Horticole, ser.3, vol.1, p.216. Orthographic error for ‘Kilv- ingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kilsingtonia. van Houtte Catalogue, 1877-1878, 174:247. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kiltoingtonian. Burdin Maggiore & Co. Catalogue, 1856-1857. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingto- niana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kilvingtonia. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.121. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kilvingtoniana. Cachet Catalogue, 1845-1846 as ‘Kiloingtonia’; van Houtte Catalogue, 1878-1879. A Mr Robert Kilvington, Philadelphia, was a member of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Soci- ety in the 1840’s. As orthographic variations of his name were applied to the variegated form of Gigantea, it has not been possible to ascertain if there ever was a separate cultivar of this name. The various orthographic errors for ‘Kilvingtoniana’ in order of date are: ‘Kiloingtonia’,1845; ‘Killoingtonia’,1847; ‘Kiloingtoniana’,1847; ‘Kilwingtoniana’,1849; ‘Killingtonia’,1852; ‘Kiltoingtoniana’,1856; ‘Killwingtoniana’,1856; ‘Kelwingtonia’,1858; ‘Kelvingtoniana’,1869; ‘Kelvingtonii’,1879; ‘Kiloingtonia’,1873; ‘Kilsingtonia’,1877; ‘Kellingtonia’,1894; ‘Kelvington’, 1906; ‘Kilwingtonia’,1914; ‘Kelvingtoniana’,1951; 67 ‘Killwingtonia’,1953; ‘Kellingtonia’(France), 1956; ‘Kelwingtonia’,1958, ‘Kilingtonia’,1968. At the present stage of information ‘Kilvingtoniana’ is regarded as the orthographically correct synonym for Gigantea.

Kilwingtonia. Bahuauad-Litou Nursery Catalogue, 1914-1920. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingto- niana’, synonym for Gigantea.

Kilwingtoniana. Jacob Makoy et Cie Nursery Catalogue, 1848, p.20. Orthographic error for ‘Kilvingtoniana’, synonym for Gigantea. Kim. (C.reticulata hybrid). ACRS, Camellia News, 1994, No.131, p.9. Dr Bob Withers, “A Mother Superior”: A seedling of Suzanne Withers x Arcadia. It has 5 large, flat outer petals of deep pink, and a large boss of white petaloids in the centre. Originated by Dr R. Withers, Donvale,

Victoria, Australia. Kim McGowan. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1981, p.101, Reg. No.1690: A large size, white, rose form to formal double C.japonica chance seedling, that blooms mid-season. Origi- nated by Jack L. Mandarich, Menlo Park, California, USA. First bloomed 1968 at 16 years old. Average flower size 12.5 cm across with golden anthers and white filaments. Plant growth is upright, dense and medium and leaves average, 11 cm long x 6 cm wide.

Kimberley. (C.japonica), Sander Catalogue, [before 1914]. No description Veitch, 1923, Gardeners’ Chronicle, p.93: C.japonica var. Kimberley, carrying vivid scarlet blooms, with a delightful centre of yellow stamens.; Puddle & Hanger, 1960, RHS., The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, No.14, p.152: Form single; petals 5-6 broadly obovate, retuse, 3.5 cm wide and long. Stamens in a central hemispherical cluster, about 2 cm across, conjoined part way from base. Size, 6-7 cm in diameter, colour Currant Red, RHS.CC.821/1. Foliage very deep green, glossy, stiff, flat, tip acuminate, decurved, broadly elliptic, margins shallowly serrate, 8-11 cm long x 4.5-8 cm wide. Habit upright and vigorous. Similar, if not the same, as Tokyo. Introduced by Mssrs Sander, Belgium about 1900, probably from Japan. It has been confused with Takayama and Lanarth in UK. Synonym ‘Crimson Cup’. However this must not be confused with the ‘Crimson Cup’ in Australia which is a synonym for Shiranui. Orthographic error: ‘Kimberly’. Sport: Sylvia (USA). Received an RHS. “Award of Merit” in 1934. For colour photos see Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.90, p.51, and Fischer, 1986, Kamelien, p.60.

Kimberley Christmas. (C.japonica), Hansen, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.174. No

description. Originated in USA. Kimberley Jr. Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1964-1965, p.9. Orthographic error for Kimberly Junior.

Kimberley Junior. Hazlewood & Jessep,1972, Checklist- Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.121. Orthographic error for Kimberly Junior.

Kimberly. Kiyono Nurseries Catalogue, 1940-1941, p.23. Orthographic error for Kimberley.

Kimberly Junior. (C.japonica), Robinson, 1958, American Camellia Yearbook, pp.61, 62: A dark red, anemone to full peony form seedling originated by Earl Hudson Nursery, Sun Valley, Califor- nia, USA. Orthographic errors: ‘Kimberley Jr’, ‘Kimberley Junior.’. Kimberly Piet. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1984, Camellia Nomenclature, p.60: Light pink centre petals and dark pink outer petals and rose-bud centre. Small to medium size, formal double, Vigorous growth, mid-season blooming. Originated by Piet & Gaeta, California, USA. Kimi. (Noble Beauty), (C.reticulata hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Small size, white with yellowish centre, single, opening cup form to flat. A seedling of Barbara Clark. Originated in Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1980.

68 Kimi Yamamoto. (C.japonica), McCaskill Garden Catalogue, 1965. American Camellia Yearbook, p.132, Reg. No.999: Chance seedling of ‘Magnoliiflora’, (Hagoromo) that first flowered 1955. Originated by McCaskill Gardens, Pasadena, California, USA. Plant growth is compact, upright and medium in rate. The semi-double flower, similar to Lady Vansittart, is 10 cm across x 5 cm deep, Very pale pink. Flowers mid-season.

Kimigayo. (Japanese National Anthem), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, in the peony form flower section as large size, white. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Large, white, peony form. For colour photos see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.64; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.39, p.20, descript. p.146; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1973, pl.244, p.115; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.88; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.43, description, p.210: A bush camellia cultivar of stout growth with white, semidouble flowers to rose form to open peony form. Leaves ovate-elliptic, a little undulate, short acuminate apex, shallowly serrate, dark green. Flowers broadly cup-shaped, petals broad, becoming smaller and white shaded yellow to the centre. Stamens few and irregular. Mid-season blooming. Resembles Hakubotan and Ama-no-gawa. There are two strains of this name in Kantô area, Japan.

Kimigayo (Suginami). (‘Kimigayo’ from Suginami), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.43, colour photo, Medium size, white, semi-double with 2 rows of broad, rounded petals, a little channelled and creped. Stamens in a solid, central column. Originated in Suginami-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Kimiko. (Personal Name). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.74 with colour photo; English translation p.50. Small, light yellow, trumpet shaped single, degenerated anthers. Flowers mid-season. Leaves narrowly elliptic, small. Dwarf, slow growing. An interspecific cross between ‘Kimi’ and C.nitidissima, named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1996. From Osaka. Kimimachi. (Lady-in-waiting), (C. rusticana), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol. I, 1972, pl.302, p.135, description, p.336: A small to medium size, irregular peony to anemone form, red blotched white. Outer petals long oblong, fluted, inner small, erect, spatulate, intermixed with a few petaloids and rare stamens. Leaves shiny olive green, ovate, long tapered acuminate apex, finely serrulate. Originated in Sanjô City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected by Yaichi Kawamura in 1972. Named and released by Tsutomu Ikeda. See also colour photo: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.43.

Kimi-no-bandai. (Live for Eternity), (C.sasanqua), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.34: Medium size, white ground with pale red margins, single. Blooms early. Originated in Tokyo Prefecture, Japan.

Kimi-no-banzai. (Long Live the Emperor), (C.sasanqua), Ashizawa, Yagorô, 1898, Chabaika Taishû; Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.31: Single, autumn flowering sasanqua; white, suffused with pink. Medium size. Yashiroda, 1950. American Camellia Yearbook, p.22: Small, white tinted at apex with pink, semi-double, late autumn flowering; upright, bushy, vigorous variety. Originated in Japan. Kimizakura (Kimi’s Cherry) (C.japonica) from Ibaragi Pref, Japan Camellia No.81, August 2006: Pale pink, lotus form double, medium, petals shatter, blooming in February to April. Tree upright and compact. Named after originator’s acquaintance. A chance seedling of Berenice Boddy. First flower seen in 1999. Originated and named by Kunimitsu Suzuki. Kimty. Calendar, 2014. Chin Shiang Josme Camellia Nursery, Taichung City, Taiwan. Photo of genetically variegated and slightly contorted leaves. No other information. Kimura. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Hôrin’s Diary, 1639, Kakumyôki according to Andoh, International Camellia Journal, 1984, p.47; Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969,

69 pl.45: Medium size, incomplete double to rose form double with numerous, imbricated petals of pale pink bordered white. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kimura. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.340: Red, semidouble with outer petals wide spread, inner erect about an irregular stamen cluster with white filaments. Petal edges fading to pink. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kimura-shiro. (C.japonica) Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. No details. Kinbikaku. (Beautiful Golden Angel), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.45, colour photo, p.211: Medium size, campanulate single, red. Leaves ovate, blunt acute apex, finely serrulate, dark green, variegated with feathers of gold along the midrib. Collected at a rusticana community in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Jitarô Nagao. Kinboshi. (Golden Star) (C.hybrid) from Ishikawa Pref, Japan Camellia No.56, May 1998. A crossing back (F2) to C.nitidissima of C.hybrid Kicho. Reddish golden yellow, single, cup-shaped, miniature, profuse, blooms for a long term from early to late season. Leaves medium, japonica-like, short nodes. Tree vigorous. Originated by Tadao Yamaguchi and released in 1998. Kinchô. (C.nitidissima hybrid), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.99 with colour photo; A cross of Chôchidori x C.nitidissima, originated and named by S. Hisatomi, Kurume, Japan in 2001. Creamy yellow, small size, trumpet shaped single. Stamen cluster infertile. Upright growth. Leaves large, lanceolate, and revolute at the margins. Flowers mid- season to late. Kinden. (C.saluenensis). "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.117. No description. From China.

Kinfukurin. Different reading for Kinpukurin. King. Marnock, 1838, Floricultural Magazine, 3(25):4; Makoy Catalogue, 1838. Orthographic variant for Kingii.

King Cotton. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1954, p.318, Reg. No.159: A 9 year old seedling of unknown parentage, originated by Hugh Shackelford, Albany, Georgia, USA that flowered for the first time in 1949. Plant growth is average and compact with small to medium size leaves, dark green. Flowers incomplete double with small petaloids, three rows of petals with a powder puff of very compact petaloids; colour, white. Size 11-15 cm across. Number of petals 25. Early flowering.

King des Camelias. Cels, Paris Nursery Catalogue, 1839, p.29. Synonym for Kingii.

King Emmanuel. Vanderbilt, 1941, Camellia Research, II, p.4. Synonym for Blood of China.

King Emmanuel I. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.121. Synonym for Blood of China.

King Emmanuel II. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Cata- logues, p.121. Synonym for Vittorio Emmanuele II.

King Leaf. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Orthographic error for King Lear.

King Lear. (C.japonica), Rhodellia Nursery, [before 1945]. A sport of Finlandia Red. Fendig, 1952, American Camellia Catalogue with colour pl: Large, cherry red marbled white, semi-double, 10 cm across x 5 cm deep. Has a beard-like mass of irregular stamens in the centre surrounded by large petals. There are 3 rows of petals, 3.8 cm wide. Stamens central, white with large yellow anthers. Leaves medium size, dull mid-green, elliptic, 7.5 cm x 3.8 cm. Veins obscure, turns up from midrib, apex short acute, serrulate. Growth habit bushy, compact and vigorous. A sport of Finlandia Red discovered about 1929 by Otto Schwabe,

70 Rhodellia Nursery, West Linn, Oregon, USA. Synonyms: ‘Finlandia Rosea Variegated’, ‘Oregon Donklaari’.

King of Camelia. Frères Noisette, Nantes Nursery Catalogue, 1857, p.36. Orthographic error for ‘King of the Camellias’, synonym for Kingii.

King of Camellias. Prince & Co. Catalogue, 1844, p.105. Synonym for Kingii.

King of Hearts. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1951, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature: Orange red. Large, full peony form. Compact growth. Early to mid-season flowering. Originated in USA by Hugh Shackelford, Albany, Georgia, USA. For illustration see: Hertrich, 1955, Camellias in the Huntington Gardens, vol.II, p.187.

King of the Camellia. van Houtte Catalogue, 1839-1840. Synonym for Kingii.

King of the Camellias. Jacob Makoy et Cie Catalogue, 1839, p.17. Synonym for Kingii.

King of the Isles. (C.japonica), CachetCatalogue,1845-1846, p.2. No description. (Believed extinct.)

King of the Netherlands. (C.japonica), Magazine of Horticulture, 1837. No description. (Believed extinct.)

King Rosea. (C.japonica), van Houtte Catalogue,1847-1848, 31:31. No description. Verschaffelt, 1849, Nouvelle Iconographie, Book III, pl.IV: By their wrinkled, uneven, serried petals forming a large, full-bodied heart with those at the circumference, larger and spread out, this variety resembles a peony. They are delicate pink edged with white. Mr Albin Pathe, Ghent, Belgium noticed it on a branch of Kingii and grafted it immediately. Sport of Kingii. Orthographic variant: ‘King’s Rosea’. Synonyms: ‘Pink Rosea’, ‘Altheaflora Shell Pink’.

King Royal. Lemaire, 1844, Des Genres Camellia..., p.155. Synonym for Kingii.

King Rubra. (C.japonica), Verschaffelt Catalogue, 1847-1848, p.58. No descriptiion. van Houtte Catalogue,1849-1850, 38:40: Entirely pink, save the centre which is sometimes white. Originated in Belgium. Sport of Kingii. Orthographic variant: ‘King’s Rubra’.

King Size. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1954, p.318, Reg. No.181: A 7 year old seedling of unknown parentage, originated by Hugh Shackelford, Albany, Georgia, USA. Bloomed for the first time in 1952. The medium size leaves are smooth and without veining. The flowers are dark red, complete double irregular, similiar to ‘Professor Charles S. Sargent’, (Professor Sargent) with 35 petals and ranges from 12-15 cm across. Flowers mid-season. Sport: King Size Variegated. Synonym: ‘King Size Solid’. SCCS, Camellia Nomenclature lists Red Elephant as a synonym.

King Size Heavy. Shackelford, 1973, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.28, No.1. Synonym for King Size Variegated.

King Size Solid. Shackleford, 1973, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.28, No.1. Synonym for King Size.

King Size Variegated. (C.japonica), Hillcrest Nursery Catalogue, 1958, as ‘King Size Var.’: A virus variegated form of King Size - Dark red, blotched with white. Originated in USA.

King Solomon. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1968, Camellia Nomenclature, p.78: Pink. Large, formal double. Vigorous, compact, upright growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in USA by Hugh Shackelford, Albany, Georgia.

King Tut. Cannon, 1977, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.32, No.1. No description. Originated in USA. Not validly listed.

King Victor Emmanuel. Vanderbilt, 1941, Camellia Research, II, p.4. Synonym for Blood of China.

71 King Victor Emmanuel II. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.122. Synonym for Vittorio Emmanuele II.

King Yew. Sewell & Parks, 1981, American Camellia Yearbook, p.128. No description. Originated in USA. Not validly listed.

Kingii. (C.japonica), Harrison ed., 1837, Floricultural Cabinet, vol.V, p.172, as a variegated flower. Rousseau, Angers Nursery Catalogue, 1842-1843, p.2: Sulphury white, spotted and streaked with pink. Berlèse, Iconographie, ed.1, 1841, pl.13, as ‘King’s Royal’. Originated in Britain. Berlèse, 1845, Monographie, ed.3, p.285 as ‘King’s’: Full peony form, soft white with some occasional, pale red streaks, one or two rings of outer petals, very wide, thick, inverted, irregularly notched; the inner petals disordered, amassed, short, wide, numerous, unequal, one huddled against the other forming a centre 7 cm or more wide. Sometimes it is a uniform, pale red colour. Sports: King Rosea, King Rubra. Synonyms: ‘Rex’, ‘King of Camellias’, ‘King’s Royal’, ‘Spectabilis Maculata’, ‘Linkii’, ‘Clusii’, ‘Clusiana’, ‘Spectabilis Maculata de Belges’, ‘Regalis-Royal’, ‘Spectabilis Maculata Vera’, ‘King des Camelias’, ‘King’s Royale’, ‘The King’, ‘Kingii Variegated’, ‘Clusia’, ‘King’s of the Camellia’. Orthographic errors: ‘King’, ‘Kings’.

Kingii Variegated. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.122 as ‘Kingii Var.’. Synonym for Kingii.

Kingio-tsubaki. Rhodellia Nursery Catalogue 3 before 1944. Corruption of Japanese name Kingyo-tsubaki.

Kingo-tsubaki. Harris’ Longview Nursery Retail Price List, 1955-1956, p.7. Corruption of the Japanese name Kingyo-tsubaki.

King’s. Cachet Catalogue, 1840-1841, p.2. Orthographic error for Kingii. King’s of the Camellia. Verschaffelt, 1844, Catalogue, No.50, p.21. Synonym for Kingii.

King’s Ransom. (C.japonica), Magnolia Gardens and Nursery Catalogue, 1942-1943: Plant Patent 1800. Pale pink to deeper pink as the flower ages. Medium size, 11 cm across, loose, peony form with broad, wavy petals. Vigorous, compact, upright growth. Mid-season flowering. Origi- nated by Magnolia Gardens, John’s Island, South Carolina, USA. All-American selection for 1960-1961. See colour photo, front cover, SCCS.1960, The Camellia Review, vol.22, No.2. Orthographic error: ‘King’s Ransome’. Chinese synonym ‘Qidao’. King’s Ransome. Mount Congreve Nursery Catalogue, 1985-1986. Orthographic error for King’s

Ransom. King’s Rosea. Camellia Society of America Yearbook, 1939, p.5. Orthographic error for King Rosea.

King’s Royal. Berlèse, 1840, Monographie, ed.2, pp.202, 203. Synonym for Kingii.

King’s Royale. Baumann, Mulhouse Nursery Catalogue, 1841-1842, p.14. Synonym for Kingii. King’s Rubra. Joseph Baumann, 1849, Prix Courant, p.6. Orthographic variant for King Rubra. King’s Ruby. (C.japonica), Alex Verschaffelt, 18456, Catalogue, p.55. No description. (Believed extinct).

King’s Ruby. (C.japonica), Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1964-1965, p.9. No description. SCCS., 1966, Camellia Nomenclature, p.76: Ruby red. Large, loose peony form. Vigorous, upright growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in USA by Armstrong.

Kingston. (C.japonica), Berlèse, 1840, Monographie, ed.2, p.128: Leaves 8-9 cm long x 5-6 cm wide, rounded, thick, irregular, serrate, of an indistinct green. Flower of soft rose, full, 10-11 cm across. The outside petals are large, not numerous, cup-like, emarginate; the others are

72 various, unequal, broad, long, upright, in massed serries and groups like the irregular corolla of Triumphans Rubra. Originated in UK by Mssrs Jackson. Synonym: ‘Kingston Rosea’.

Kingston Rosea. Berlèse, 1840, Monographie, ed.2, p.227. The name for Kingston in the “Tableau Synaptique”.

Kingyo. Hume, 1947, American Camellia Yearbook, p.135. An abbreviation for Kingyo-tsubaki.

Kingyoba. Ishii & Hozaka, 1954-1959, Genshoku Engei Shokubutsu Zufu. Abbreviation for Kingyotsubaki. Kingyoba-genji. (Goldfish-leafed Genji). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.78 with colour photo; English translation p.53. Red stripes with a white border on pink ground, single. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves divided at the apices, goldfish form. Upright, vigorous growth. A mutation of ‘Warai-kingyo’, which is a seedling of Karaginu, raised by Tetsurô Itô. Named and released by Totsurô Nakamura in 1997. From Tokyo. Kingyoba-goshiki-yae-chiritsubaki. (Goldfish Leaf, Five Coloured double Falling Camellia), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.12. No description. Originated in Machida, Tokyo, Japan. Kingyoba-hagoromo. (Fishtailed ‘Hagoromo’) (C.japonica) from Chiba Pref., Japan Camellia No.77, May 2005: Seed parent, Shirokingyoba-tsubaki, pollen parent Hagoromo. White, semi- double, lotus-formed, petals falling scattered, medium to large, blooming mid to late season. Leaves fishtailed, lanceolate. Tree upright, vigorous. Bloomed firstly and named in 1993. Originated by Atsushi Itoh. Kingyoba-shiratama. (Fishtailed Shiratama) (C.japonica) from Chiba Pref., Japan Camellia No.77, May 2005: A seedling of Shirokingyoba-tsubaki, small white single, cupped petals, prominent golden anther cluster. Blooms mid to late season. Leaves fishtailed, medium. Branches somewhat pendulous. Tree upright growth. Bloomed firstly and named in 1994. Originated by Atsushi Itoh. Kingyoba-shiro-hagoromo. (Fishtailed Shiro-hagoromo) (C.japonica) from Chiba Pref., Japan Camellia No 59, May 1999: A seedling of Shirokingyoba-tsubaki, white, lotus-formed, semi-double, medium to large, blooming mid-season to late. Leaves fishtailed. Originated by Atsushi Itoh. Kingyoba-shiro-wabisuke. (White Fishtail Wabisuke), (Wabisuke), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.57, colour photo and description: Small size, white, wide-campanulate single with 5-6 rounded, overlapping petals of irregular size and a central stamen column with white filaments, joined for the lower half, and small, pale yellow pinched anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves strong, shining green, multi-apices, margins serrate. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan.

Kingyoba-tsubaki. Adachi, 1960, The Camellia. Its Appreciation and Artistic Arrangement, p.180. Synonym for Kingyo-tsubaki.

Kingyo-kono-ko. Magnolia Gardens and Nursery Catalogue, 1950-1951. Corruption of the Japanese name Kiyokanoko.

Kingyo-tsubaki. (Goldfish Camellia), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Leaves divided to three at the apices, like the tail of a goldfish. (see Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, 1964, No.5, p.81). Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Rose red, single. This Camellia has leaves with multi-apices, giving the appearance of a goldfish tail. ‘Kingyoba’, (Goldfish Leaved) and ‘Kingyoba-tsubaki’ (Goldfish leaved Camellia) are synonyms that are used in Japan. For colour plates see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.215; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.108 as ‘Kingyoba’; Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.118; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.438 and Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.105 as ‘Kingyoba-tsubaki’; Yoyoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no

73 Chinka, p.143, as ‘Kingyoba-tsubaki’: It is a light red (Spinel pink 0625/1) flowered, single cultivar, of 7 petals and a substantial, central stamen column with pale yellow anthers, and with leaves having 3-5 apices. Leaves are a strong, glossy green, oblong, midrib divided towards the apex. The flower opens wide, with some apical recurving of petals. As the variety sets seed which produce a proportion of plants with leaves having multi-apices, there are a number of seedlings growing under one or other of its many synonyms. Western synonyms include: ‘Kalanchoe’, ‘Apucaeformis’, ‘Trifida’, ‘Fishtail’, ‘Basedon’, ‘Kingyo-tsubaki’(Australia), ‘Quercifolia’. The Chinese name is ‘Lieye Chahua’. In the USA the semi-double cultivar Mermaid has erroneously usurped the name of the single form. See description in SCCS, Camellia Nomenclature, 1981, p.89. Corruption of the Japanese name:, ‘Kingyo Toubaki’, ‘Kinyo-tsubaki’, ‘Kiugyo-subaki’, ‘Kino-tsubaki’. In Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû, there are 4 kinds of fishtail camellias listed. These are: Eiji-kingyo-kifu, Kitazawa-kingyo, Kubota-de-kingyo-aochafu and Kyûbei-sarasa- kingyo. Chinese synonym ‘Jinyuye Chun’.

Kingyo-tsubaki (Australia). SCCS., 1954. The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature. Synonym for Kingyo-tsubaki. Kinjô-no-akebono. (Sunrise in Kinjô). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.79 with colour photo; English translation p.53. Small, pink, tubular to bowl-shaped, stamen cylinder opening at the tip Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, recurved, thick. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Kanazawa City, named and released by Sotokichi Okada in 1950. From Ishikawa Prefecture. Kinka-Banshô. (Golden Flower of Banshô Garden). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.78 with colour photo; English translation p.51. Medium size, peach red, trumpet shaped single with tubular stamens. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, large, recurved. Upright, vigorous growth. An old tree of Banshôkan Garden in Gifu park, named and released by Nagaharu Niwa in 1988, released by Gifu Camellia Club, Gifu Prefecture. Kinka-hakubi. (Gold Flower - White Eyebrow), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.65, colour photo and description: Small size, white, tubular to campanulate single, with 5 rounded, overlapping petals and a central stamen cylinder with milk-white filaments, joined for the lower half, and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves mid-green, broad-ovate, apices blunt-acute, margins obscurely serrated. Originated in Gifu City, Gifu Prefecture,Japan. Kinkakô. Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. No details. Kinkakuji. (Golden Pavilion), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.194, 234, 552: A medium size, white, semi-double with three rows of petals and a central column of stamens with white filaments. Originated in Japan. Kinkakuji is a famous temple in Kyôto. (Believed extinct.)

Kinka-cha. Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd. Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.11, B-23. (Golden Camellia). Japanese name for C.chrysantha. (C. nitidissima).

Kinkan. (Gold Crown), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Pure red double, with small spots and 3-4 rows of petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kinkazan. (Mount Kinka), (C.sasanqua), Minagawa, Iza’emon, 1885, Nisshô’en Chabaifu; Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.32: Single with many central petaloids. Autumn flowering sasanqua. Light pink with long, central petaloids. Medium size. Long leaves. Originated in Japan by Minagawa. Synonym: ‘Suzumushi’. Different reading: ‘Kinkwazan’. For colour photo see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1972, pl.526.

74 Kinkwazan. Takashi Tanahashi, 1949, American Camellia Yearbook, p.108. Different reading for Kinkazan.

Kinkei. (Golden Pheasant), (C.japonica), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.15; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.311; Good red, semidouble with 3 rows of petals with white spots. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kinkeichô. (Golden Pheasant). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.78 with colour photo; English translation p.53. Small, deep red, tubular single, glossy petals, cylindrical stamen cluster. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, margins recurved. A chance seedling of unknown parentage, originated and released by Fumio Naitô in 1988. From Aichi Prefecture. Kinkizan. (Kinkizan Temple). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.332 with black and white photo; English translation p.229. Small to medium, dark red, bellflower-shaped single, cylindrical stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, small to medium, thick. Upright, vigorous growth. A natural seedling of a wild japonica with dark red flowers growing at Manganji Temple in Matsu’e City. Named and released by Hiroshi Ihara in 1991. From Shimane Prefecture. Kinkô. (Clear Gold), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1956, Chinkashû: New variety. Purplish red, with centre of paler pink, formal double. Petals fall separately. Tateyama Nursery Catalogue, 1956. No description. For colour photos and descriptions see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.124; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.398; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.44, description, p.210: Medium size, crimson, formal double, centre petals somewhat pointed and becoming paler as blossom ages. Leaves broad-ovate, apices blunt acute, deep green, margins serrulate. Originated by Minagawa, Jisuke, in Kantô area, Japan as a seedling of Murasaki-tsubaki. Different reading: ‘Kinkoh’.

Kinkoh. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214. Different reading for Kinkô.

Kinkô-nishiki. Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.11. Synonym for Sayoshigure. Kinkonka. (Golden Wedding Flower). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.79 with colour photo; English translation p.53. Medium size, vermilion, tubular single. Flowers early to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, slightly waved. Upright, vigorous growth. Good bud-set. A cross between Iwane-shibori and Benimyôrenji, originated and named by Minoru Satô in 1985. From Aichi Prefecture. Kinma. Yamazaki, 1972, Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, p.390 as synonym for Chôjiguruma.

Kinmizuhiki. (Ceremonial God Cord), (C.japonica), Itô Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1, No.202; Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.15; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tusbaki Irohanayose Irotsuki. All similar descriptions: Medium large, pure red, peony form flower with some white spots. See pl.598, Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Resembles Karyôbin.

Kinnikko. (Golden Sunshine), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, p.137. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kinnô. Different reading for Konnô.

Kin-no-be. (Gold Bureau), (C.sasanqua), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô, in the sasanqua section. Red flowers, gradually becoming paler as bloom opens. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu,

1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.82. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kin-no-ma. Synonym for Kin-no-zai.

Kin-no-ma. (Golden Flag), (C.sasanqua), Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.32: Single with many central petaloids. Autumn flowering variety of sasanqua. Red with a red central disc. Medium size. Earliest bloomer. Originated in Japan. This cultivar is thought to be the same as the sasanqua ‘Kin-no-zai’ belong.

Kin-no-sai. Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1935-1946, p.26. Different reading for the sasanqua Kin-no-zai.

Kinnô-yuriba. Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû. Different reading for Konnô-yuriba. Kin-no-zai. (Golden Talent), C.sasanqua), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô. Last character is different to the sasanqua of the same name below. Pale pink, single, anemone form. Tokio Nurseries Catalogue, 1896: Gold Diadem. Pink with a splashed centre. Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature of Sasanqua of Japan, (Gold Baton), Pink with petaloids shaded white. Small, single, anemone form. Very early. Occasionally has yellow variegated leaves. For colour plate see: Tuyama, ed. 1979, Ishii’s Selected Garden Camellias, pl.9 as ‘Chôji-guruma’. Different reading: ‘Kin-no-sai’. Originated in Japan. Synonyms: ‘Chôjiguruma’, ‘Kin-no-ma’.

Kin-no-zai. (Golden Colour), (C.sasanqua), Minagawa, Iza’emon, 1885, Nisshô’en Chakaifu: Red, single, medium size, anemone form, early flowering. Originated in the Kantô District, Japan. For colour pl. see Tuyama, 1979, Ishii’s Selected Garden Camellias, pl.10. Synonym: ‘Kin-no-ma’. Different reading: ‘Kin-no-sai’. Kinobe-hakuô. (Pale Yellow Camellia from Kinobe), (C.hybrid), Japan Camellia 101, May 2014, p.4 with colour photo, JCR Regn No. 2014-5, (ser. No.18). Considered to be an interspecific hybrid between C.nitidissima and an unknown C.japonica. White when first opening, changing to pale yellow when fully open. Formal double, petals somewhat incurving. Large, diameter about 18cm. Late blooming. Originated by Nobuaki Ono. Ki-no-chô. (Yellow Butterfly). (C.japonica x C.nitidissima) JCS, Japan Camellia, 1991, No.39, front cover colour plate, description p.15: Chôchidori x C.nitidissima. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.72 with colour photo; English translation p.49. An embryo-cultured 7 petalled single of creamy yellow. Leaves oblong, reddish new growth. Upright, cold hardy. Released in Japan by Shûnsuke Hisatomi and Tomita Kunitake in 1982. Ki-no-gozen. (Yellow Imperial Presence), (C.japonica x C.chrysantha), JCS., Oct.1990, Japan Camellia, No.36, p.4: A seedling of C.japonica Gozen-no-yuki pollenated by C.chrysantha. Flower colour yellow, paler than C.chrysantha, but the deepest of the 4 hybrids raised by Yamaguchi. Flower size, 8-9 cm across, single, opening wide and flat. Leaves resemble C.japonica, 9 cm long x 4 cm wide. Blooms early. First flowered Dec.1989. Has proved pollen fertile. Originated by Tadao, Yamaguchi, Tsurgi-chô, Ishigawa Prefecture, Japan. Ki-no-izumi. (Yellow Fountain). (C.nitidissima hybrid). "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.98 with colour photo; A seedling of C.nitidissima, selected and named by T. Kunitake, Kurume, Japan in 1995. A creamy yellow, trumpet shaped single. Tubular stamen cluster. Long peduncle. Leaves medium size, thick, oblong. Upright growth. Flowers mid- season. Little resistance to frost. Ki-no-jômanji. (Yellow ‘Jômanji’) (C.japonica Jômanji x C.nitidissima) Nuccio's Nurseries Catalogue, 2007, p.29 as ‘Ki-no-jôman’; Small single, profuse. Unusual shade of salmon pink. Excellent, bushy, upright plant. Flowers mid-season to late. Originated by Tadao Yamaguchi, Ishikawa, Japan. Kinomoto 90. (Yellow Base 90). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.72 with colour photo; English translation p.48. Medium size, pale yellow, flat single. Flowers mid-season. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size. A cross between C.reticulata Suzanne Withers and C.nitidissima, named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1990. From Osaka.

76 Kinomoto 91. (Yellow Foundation ’91). (C.nitidissima hybrid). JCS, 1992, Japan Camellias, No.40, p.11: A seedling of the C.reticulata hybrid Suzanne Withers x C.nitidissima. A medium sized, semi-double creamy yellow, late blooming camellia originated by Kazuo Yoshikawa, Toyonaka City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Although its colour is not a true yellow, it is the most yellow of similar hybrids and is about 60% pollen fertile. Chinese synonym ‘Huangji Jiushiyi’. Kinomoto 92. (Yellow Base 92). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.72 with colour photo; English translation p.48. Medium size, light yellow, sake cup-shaped single. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, glossy. Somewhat spreading, slow growth. An interspecific hybrid involving three species, C.japonica, C.nitidissima and C.reticulata, named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1992. From Osaka. Kinomoto 93. (Yellow Base 93).(C.hybrid) ACS, The Camellia Journal, Sept. 2009, p.17. Light yellow semi-double. Produced and named by Kazuo Yoshikawa. From Osaka, Japan. Kinomoto 94. (Yellow Base 94). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.72 with colour photo; English translation p.48. Medium size, light yellow, sake cup-shaped single. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, not so glossy. Upright, relatively vigorous growth. A cross between C.reticulata White Retic and C.nitidissima, named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1994. From Osaka. Kinomoto 95. (Yellow Base 95). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.73 with colour photo; English translation p.49. Large, light yellow semi-double. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves oblong, large, not so glossy. Upright, slow growing. An interspecific hybrid between three species, C.japonica, C.nitidissima and C.reticulata, named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1995. From Osaka. Kinomoto 96. (Yellow Base 96). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.73 with colour photo; English translation p.49. Small, light yellow, trumpet shaped single. Flowers mid- season to late. Leaves oblong, small, not glossy. Dwarf, very slow growing. A polytopic hybrid (Frost Prince x Flower Girl), named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1996. From Osaka. Ki-no-sato. (Yellow Camellia’s Home). (C.nitidissima hybrid). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.292 with colour photo; Pale yellow, semi-double, medium size, cup-shaped. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves long-elliptic, medium size. Upright growth. A cross of C.nitidissima x (C.reticulata x C.nitidissima). Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa, Osaka, Japan in 1999. Ki-no-senritsu. (Yellow Melody) (C.hybrid) from Ishikawa Pref, Japan Camellia No.56, May 1998. An interspecific hybrid between C.nitidissima and Hakuhô. Light yellow, open peony informal, medium, blooming in mid-season. Leaves medium, japonica-like. Originated by Tadao Yamaguchi and released in 1998. Ki-no-tamago. (Yellow Egg). (C.nitidissima hybrid), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.98 w; A seedling of C.nitidissima, selected and named by T. Kunitake, Kurume, Japan in 1995. Creamy yellow, trumpet-shaped semi-double. Upright growth. Leaves medium size, thick, broadly elliptic. Flowers mid-season. Weak resistance to frost. Kino-tsubaki. Ballard Nursery Catalogue, 1974. Corruption of the Japanese name Kingyo-tsubaki.

Kinpai. (Gold Cup), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, 1975, p.106, black & white photo: Deep peach pink, semi-double with an outer row of 6-7 large, emarginate, rounded petals, opening flat and a centre group of 5-7, smaller, erect petals cupping the spread stamen cluster with golden anthers. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.45, colour photo. Originated in Ojiya City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

77 Kinpaikôban. (Gold Cup - Red bowl), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Five petalled single, red, medium size, stamens rich and fully opened at centre, anthers golden yellow. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Orthographic error: ‘Kinpaikôran’.

Kinpaikôran. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû No.1, as ‘Kinpai-kô-ran’, p.57. Orthographic error for Kinpaikôban. Kinpukurin. (Gold Margin), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanquas of Japan, p.11: Dark pink shaded wave-like with white, occasionally splashed pinkish white. Medium size single with long petals. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kinfukurin”.

Kinross Macintosh. (C.japonica), Dodd, 1968, Adventure in Camellia Seedlings, p.13, colour photo: Large, open peony form, white with cherry-red stripes. Seedling of Priscilla Brooks originated by Richard Dodd, Marshallville, Georgia, USA.

Kinsaburô-otome. Different reading for Kinzaburô-otome.

Kinsai. Settsu Raikoyen, 1938-1939. Based on the same characters as Kin-no-zai.

Kinsei. (Golden Life), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô. Cardinal red, single, stamens spread like a bamboo whisk. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kinsekai. (Golden World), (C.rusticana), Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan, p.17: Pink and single. For colour plate: Macoboy, 1981, The Colour Dictionary of Camellias, p.97; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.208; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.45, description, p.210: Irregularly shaped, single flower of 5 petals of glowing carmine in contrast to the glossy, dark green leaves, curiously variegated along the midrib in light green and gold. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. A mutation of a wild rusticana, named by Nagao. Kinseki-no-majiwari. (Firm Friendship) (C.hybrid) from Ishikawa Pref. Tsubaki No.40, Japan Camellia Society, 2001. Seed parent C.japonica Seiobo, pollen parent C.nitidissima. Pale yellow with reddish shading at petal margins, single, small to medium, cupped petals, blooming early to mid-season, bud form excellent and suitable as flowers for tea ceremonies. Leaves resembling those of Seiobo. Tree cold-hardy, growing outdoors in Hokuriku Area. Originated by Seizô Matsui and named by Tamotsu Yamade. Kinshiden. (Gold and Purple Palace), (Higo), Yoshimura, 1963, Higo Tsubaki Meikan, No.7: Pink shading deeper pink with white edge, and red streaks, single Higo, 11 cm across. Originated in Japan.

Kinshikô. (Name of Incense), (Higo), Taniguchi, 1912, Chinka Kyôkan: Large, 9-10 cm across, 7 petals, pink splashed and edged white, 100 white stamens. For colour plates see: Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.284 as ‘Nishiki-shikô’; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.108, as ‘Nishiki-shikô’, however Kinshikô is the prior valid name in Rômaji being published by Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan.

Kinshiro. (White Gold), (C.japonica), Okumura, ca.1810, Chinka Hin’i. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kinshôjô. (Orang-outang), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.296, p.150, description, p.179: leaves narrowly-elliptic to elliptic, suddenly-acuminate, margins crenate. Flowers rose form double, deep red, (Crimson 22) often spotted white, petals flat, a little recurved at the apex. Flowers mid-season to late. Originated in Japan in the Hyôgo Prefecture. See colour photo, pl.284, Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, p.130, pl.287. The “Shôjô” is an apelike, legendary animal, fond of sake, and also the old name for Orang-outang. Different reading: ‘Kinsyôjô’. Kinshokkô. (Name of an Incense). (C.japonica). SCCS, 1958, Camellia Nomenclature, p.50 as ‘Kingsho-Ko’. Pink splashed and edged white, large semi-double. Originated in Japan.

78 Kinsho-Ko. SCCS, 1958, Camellia Nomenclature. Different reading for Nishiki-shokkô. Kinshû. (Autumn’s Beautiful Tints). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.87 with colour photo; ; A chance seedling selected and named by S. Hisatomi, Kurume, Japan in 2005. Soft pink ground, dashed and peppered deep red. Medium size, cup-shaped single. Tubular stamens with white filaments. Upright growth. Leaves medium size, oblong and flat. Flowers early to mid-season. Note; The flower pictured shows a pink ground with white streaks and spots.

Kinsuji. (Golden Stripe), (C.japonica), Uekiya Seijirô, 1874, Tsubaki Hyakuro no Zu, vol.II, No.21: Large, white, incomplete double, peony form. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kinsyôjô. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.137. Different reading for Kinshôjô.

Kintai. (Brocade Bag), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Single, mid-season blooming, like Hakkan which is a red flower, with horizontal red stripes, stamens like a bamboo whisk. (In a ring form stamens). Note: Tsubaki Hachiboku Sanboku Tsuki Meisai (before 1868) described this as a whitish coloured flower. See: JCS., 1969, Tsubaki, No.7, p.30 and ibid, 1982, No.21, p.107. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Nishiki-bukuro’. (Believed extinct.)

Kintoki. (Fabled Hero in Japan), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.373, colour photo and description: Medium size, light pink, occasionally with darker pink stripes, rose form to peony form double. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves mid-green, ovate, recurved, margins serrate. Originated in Matsu’e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by San-in Camellian Club in 1970.

Kinugasa. (Place Name in Kyôto), (C.japonica), Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214; Encyclopedia of Camellas in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.420, p.175, description, p.354; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.209: Medium small, white, formal double. Occasionally a pale pink streak appears on a petal. Leaves broad-ovate, apex blunt acute, base rounded, raised venation, obscure serration. Synonym: ‘Kinugasa-Reikanji’. Originated in Kyôto Prefecture, Japan.

Kinugasa-Reikanji. Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.58, p.29, description, p.102: Synonym for Kinugasa. Kinugoromo. (C.hybrid) from Tokyo, Japan Camellia No.67, February 2002: C.hybrid Pop Corn × C.hybrid Wirlinga Belle. Pure white, semi-double, small, blooms mid to late season. Leaves small. Branches weeping. Tree compact, multi-trunk growth. Originated by Yaichirô Fujimoto. Kinugumo. (Cirrus Clouds), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.42, colour photo, p.210, description: Medium size, single with 5 red petals, with an occasional white blotch. Stamen column pinched in at the top. Leaves dark, shiny green, elliptic, acuminate apex, shallowly serrate. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. A seedling of unknown parentage, originated and released by Toshiaki Kosaki in 1970.

Kinukakeyama. (Mount Kinukake), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.183: Large, white, semi-double with 3-4 rows of large, emarginate petals and small, central stamen column. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kinunobe. (Smoothing Silk), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.42, description, p.210: Small, campanulate single, occasionally anemone form or semi-double, of 5 channelled and pointed petals of palest pink. Leaves lanceolate, mid-green, apex acute, margins serrulate, venation distinguished. Originated in Kansai area, Japan. Named and released by Katayama Juraku’en Nursery in 1976.

79 Kinuzure. (Rustle). (C.japonica), Nagoya Camellia Society Bulletin, 1993, No.26, p.39 Colour photo and text, No.3: A seedling of Kyokkô. Faintly fragrant. White, finely striped and tinted pink, darker at edge, 8-9 cm across, semi-double to loose peony; divided stamen cluster, creamy white. Late flowering. Originated by Dr Funakoshi, Nagoya, Japan. Kinyô. (C,hybrid) from Ibaragi Pref., Japan Camellia No. 67, February 2002: White striped deep red, semi-double, lotus formed, large, blooms in March to April. Tree upright, vigorous. Leaves elliptic, medium size. A natural seedling of Lily Pons. Originated by Kunimitsu Suzuki in 1997. Kinyotsude. (Gold Four Arms), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, p.428, 671 as ‘Kin-yotsude’: Flat, deep scarlet, anemone form with one row of outer, emarginate petals and a central cushion of short, golden stamens and petaloids with a protruding pistil. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Corruption of name: ‘Kinyutsude’. Different reading: ‘Kinyotsute’.

Kin-yutsude. Sharp, 1957, Camellias Illustrated, p.45. Corruption of the Japanese name Kinyot- sude.

Kinyotsute. Different reading for Kinyotsude.

Kinyô-tsubaki. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Different reading for Nishikiba-tsubaki.

Kinzaburô-otome. (Kinzaburo’s Otome), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû, vol.5: Yellow variegated leaves, formal double flower. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading ‘Kinsaburo-otome’.

Kinzan. Different reading for Kanayama.

Kio Ora. Hilsman, 1966, American Camellia Yearbook. Orthographic error for Kia Ora.

Kiora. Thornburn’s Nurseries Ltd. Catalogue, 1978. Orthographic error for Kia Ora.

Kira-hayazakibeni. (Early Red Bloom from Kira), (C.hiemalis), Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.49: Medium size, dark red, irregular peony from Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Blooms early to mid-season.

Kirahiryû. (Kira’s “Hiryû”), (C.x vernalis), Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.50: Small size, deep red, single from Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Blooms early to mid-season. Propagated by Kira Farm in the 1970s. Unusual flower colour.

Kira-no-shô. (Place Name), (C.x vernalis). Nagoya Camellia Society Bulletin, 1982, Tsubaki, No.15: A seedling of Shummei. Originated by Hiroshige, Hayakawa, Nagoya, Japan. Miniature, single wabisuke-like, sake-cup flower. Lavender pink. Growth upright and dense. Blooms mid- season.

Kirara. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.242, p.122, description, p.163: Leaves very narrowly elliptic to narrow-elliptic, undulate, venation more or less impressed, margins crenate, 7.5-8.4 cm long x 2.8-4.3 cm wide. Flower irregular, informal, incomplete double. Outer petals strongly recurved, inner ones erect, intermingled with long tufts of stamens, deep red, (Cardinal Red 822/3) 5-6 outer petals, about 21 inner petals, up to 5 cm long. Stamens in double circle, filaments pinkish, several petaloids. Flowers mid-season to late. Originated as a seedling in the Takeda Gardens, Japan. “Kirara” is the name of a place near the Takeda Gardens.

Kira-shiro-kantsubaki. (Kira’s White “Kantsubaki”), (C.hiemalis), Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.49: Small size, white, semi-double from Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Flowers early to mid- season. Released in 1960s by Kira Firm, Nishio City.

80 Kira’s White Winter Camellia. Camellias, Y.C. Shen, 2009, p.319 with colour photo showing a white flower with pink edging to outer petals; Synonym for Kira-shirokantsubaki. Kirenga (Yellow Lotus) (C.hybrid) from Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan Camellia No.84, August 2007: Pale yellow, lotus-formed semi-double, medium to large, cylindrical to split stamens, blooming in March to May. Tree spreading. Leaves ovate, large. An interspecific hybrid between Miyakodori and C.cucphuongensis. Hybridized by Shinichi Noguchi and named in 2004. Kiri Zahi. Forrest, 1985, Trees and Shrubs Cultivated in Ireland. Corruption of the Japanese name Kirinzan.

Kiridani. (Place Name in Toyama), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.213, colour photo and description: Small size, brilliant red, single of 6-7 thick petals, opening almost flat, with a spreading stamen centre, having light yellow filaments and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves mid-green, narrowly elliptic, long tapering acuminate apices, margin sharply, finely serrulate. Originated in the Toyama Prefecture, Japan from wild rusticanas growing in Kiridani, Yatsuo Town.. Kiridani. (White Cloud), (C.rusticana), JCS, 1987, Japan Camellia, No.24, p.4: A white wild snow camellia. Originated in Japan. Kiridani-shibori. (Variegated ‘Kiridani’). (C.rusticana). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.141 with colour photo; Small, almost flat single, vermilion blotched white, slightly sprayed stamens. Leaves elliptic, small. Vigorous but dwarf growth. Blotches appeared after grafting. Named and released by Mitsuroku Makino, Toyama Pref., Japan.

Kirigayatsu. (obscure), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.310. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kirin. (Giraffe), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, Vol.309. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kirin. Hellmut Vogel, 1982, Azaleen, Eriken, Kamelien. colour pl.8. Abbreviation for Kirin-no-- mine.

Kirinhô. Different reading for Kirin-no-mine. Kiri-no-aki. (Autumn Paulownia). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.77 with colour photo; English translation p.51. Medium size, pale pink, petaloid semi-double to peony form with degenerated stamens. Slightly fragrant. Flowers early. Leaves elliptic, small. Spreading growth with slender, dense branches. A cross between C.hiemalis and C.japonica ‘Umega’e’. Kirin-no-homare. (Glory of Mt Kirin), (C.rusticana), Minagawa, 1956, Chinkashû: Deep red, peony. See colour plates: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1966, Garden Life No.17, front cover, lower L.H.; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.247, p.125, description, p.166; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.190, p.98; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.44, description, p.210: Leaves oblong-elliptic, apex shortly acuminate, flat, strongly serrate at the margin, petioles hairy. Flowers of peony type, deep red. (Cardinal Red 822/2), medium to large size. Inner petals not so small, intermixed with stamens. Flower shape tends to vary, sometimes lotus shape or anemone form. Flowers mid-season. Corruption of name: ‘Kirin no Hon’. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected by Yaichi Kawamura on Mt Kirin, Higashi-kanbara District, named and released in 1966.

Kirin no Hon. Woodward, 1987, International Camellia Journal, No.19, p.81. Corruption of the Japanese name Kirin-no-homare. Kirin-no-mine. (Peak of Mount Kirin), (C.rusticana), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. No description. See Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.202, p.102,

81 description p.149: Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate apex, margins sharply serrate, petioles very hairy. Flowers double, rosy red (Claret Rose 021/1), petals incurved, irregularly lobulated at apex. See colour plate: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.44, description, p.210. Collected in Higashi Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture, Japan by Yaichi Kawamura, named and released in 1966. Different reading: ‘Kirinhô’.

Kiri-no-o. (Personal Names, abbreviated and combined), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.263, colour photo and description: Small size, deep pink with irregular, clear white edges, wide campanulate single with 5-6 broad, overlapping, crinkled petals and a central stamen column with white filaments, joined for lower half, and yellow anthers. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves mid-green, elliptic, apices long, tapering acute, margins twisted, coarsely serrate. Originated in Izu Ohshima, Japan. Named and released by Takeo Ogawa in 1970s. Kirino. (Personal Name), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.227, p.115, description, p.158: Leaves olive green, oblong-elliptic, venation impressed, 8.5-9.8 cm long x 3.8-4.9 cm wide; petioles 6-7 mm long, very hairy. Flowers of open peony form, red, (between Currant Red 821/3 and Carmine 21). Petals 20-40, up to 4.2 cm across. Stamen group, either single or divided into 5 fascicles with smaller, inner petals and petaloids. Late flowering. Collected in the Yatsuo-machi, Toyama Prefecture, Japan by Mr Toyoaki Kirino in the wild.

Kirinzan. (Mount Kirin), (C.rusticana), Naga’o, Sôsei-en, 1956, Tsubaki Mokuroku. No description. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kirishima. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.72: Campanulate single, white, with sparse, fine lines and ticks of red. Petals, 7-8, ruffled and crinkled. Large, central stamen group with golden anthers. Leaves lustrous, dark green, recurved at apex and margins. Origi- nated in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.

Kirisumi. (Broken Ink Stick), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1, No.112; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Double, large flower, coloured pale yellow and slender and convex lotus shape. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kiri Te Kanawa. (C.pitardii x C.reticulata), New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, 1972, vol.VII, No.6, p.36, Reg. No.76: A hybrid seedling of C.pitardii (Descanso form) x C.reticulata hybrid Buddha raised by John Sobeck of California and given to Jack Clark, Auckland, New Zealand. The plant has an upright, dense habit and dark green foliage, 10 cm x 4 cm. The flower is semi-double with 15 petals and occasional petaloids. Anthers are reddish brown on cream filaments and colour is Fuchsia RHS.CC.67C. Flowers from early to late. Named for the famous Maori opera singer.

Kiritsubo. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Okumura, ca.1810, Chinka Hin'i. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.310. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) “Kiritsubo” is a personal name from the famous, ancient Japanese literature The Genji Monogatari.

Kiron-no-mine. Hillier Nursery Catalogue, 1959. Corruption of the Japanese name Kirin-no-- mine.

Kirsi. (C japonica), ACRS., 1969, Camellia News, No.36, p.15, Reg. No.115: Originated by C.F. Walton, St. Ives, N.S.W., Australia. A chance seedling that first flowered 1967. Flowers are 10-11 cm across, light red, semi-double. Mid-season to late flowering. Leaves dark green, 10 cm x 6 cm, broadly ovate, bluntly acute with apex twisted down, medium serrations on a slow, compact growing plant. Kirsten. (C.japonica). New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, March 1997, Issue No.126, vol.XX, No.1, p.20, Reg. No.381. Registered by R.M. Young, Marton, New Zealand. A seedling of Nancy Bird, pollen parent uncertain, but thought to be Tiffany. A 16 year old plant which first bloomed in 1989. A large formal double flower, 10 cm in diameter, with 45 petals which are pointed and

82 of a heavy texture that gives the flower a special character. Colour is soft pink (RHS.CC. 65C), becoming paler towards the centre. Plant is upright and of average size and density. Leaves are 11 cm long x 6.5 cm wide. Flowers mid-season to late. Kirsti Leigh. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, Sept. 2005, p.28 and colour photo p.29, Reg. No. 2652. A chance seedling that first flowered in 2000. Originated and propagated by Sally and Steve Erickson, Kiln, Miss., USA. The 12 cm diameter, white, peony form flower has white anthers and yellow filaments. Long lasting flowers. Upright, spreading plant of medium growth rate. Flowers early to mid-season. American Camellia Yearbook, 2005, p.43 with colour photo p.c5. Dark green leaves are 12.7 cm x 5.7 cm. Kirsty Anne. (C.sasanqua), ACRS., Dec.1990, Camellia News, No.115, p.10, reg. No.381: Originated by Alexander M. Scott, 60 Broadwater Terrace, Redland Bay, Queensland, from a chance seedling that first flowered 1957. A large size, 7 petalled single, pink blushed white. Early, free flowering on a rapid growing, upright, bushy plant. Petals fluted, with stamens in the Higo form. Leaves glossy green, elongate, flat, apices acute, margins serrulate.

Kirsty Rivett. (C.reticulata hybrid), New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, 1983, vol.XIII, No.2, p.11, Reg. No.191: Originated by Mrs Ida Berg, Whakatane, New Zealand. C.saluenensis x C.reticulata ‘Crimson Robe’ (Dataohong) female parent and male parent a C.reticulata hybrid raised in USA and incorrectly distributed as ‘Howard Asper’. It first flowered 1979 on a spreading plant with medium growth rate and dark green leaves, 10 cm x 5 cm. The very large, peony form flower has 14 petals and is 15 cm across x 5 cm deep. Its colour is salmon pink, firm texture. Flowers mid-season.

Kisanjin. Different reading for Kaeruyamabito.

Kisaragi. (Second Lunar Month), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Medium size, very pale pink, double. Blooms mid-season. A seedling from Flower Girl (C.sasanqua Narumigata x C.reticulata Damanao) x C.granthamiana. Originated in Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa. Kisayamabeni. (Kisayama’s Red). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.70 with colour photo; English translation p.47. Small, vermilion, tubular to trumpet shaped single, tubular stamen cylinder, thick petals. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves oblong, medium size, flat. Upright, vigorous growth. A natural seedling of a wild japonica in the precincts of Mt. Shôtô, selected by a priest of Konpira Shrine, named and released by the Kagawa Branch of the JCS in 1997. From Kagawa Prefecture. Kisayamahime. (Princess Kisayama). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.70 with colour photo; English translation p.46. Small, pink semi-double, wrinkled and crinkled petals, tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves oblong, small, slightly recurved. Upright, weak growth. Selected from a wild japonica community around the precincts of Shôtôzan by a preist of Konpira Shrine, released by the Kagawa Branch of the JCS in 1997. From Kagawa Prefecture. Kishibe. (Shore), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.711: Large, white, single with 7 large petals with scallopped edges and a large column of yellow stamens. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kishibe-no-sakuraba. (Cherry Leaves Camellia by the Shore), (C.japonica), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.100, black and white photo: Scarlet, single, veined deeper with petals twisted and folded. Leaves, medium size, mid-green, obovate, apex long acuminate, recurved, twisted and sharply serrate, resembling cherry leaves. See Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka pp.224, 225; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.41, 209. Originated in the Kantô District, Japan. A chance seedling of unknown parentage, originated by Yoshio Kishi.

83 Kishitsukasa. ANZCRS., Camellia Annual, 1957, p.20. Corruption of Japanese name Kishû-- tsukasa.

Kishiutsukasa. Settsu Raikôyen, 1938-1939. Orthographic error for Kishû-tsukasa.

Kisho-Tsukasa. Harris’ Longview Nursery Retail Price List, 1955-1956, p.7. Corruption of Japanese name Kishû-tsukasa.

Kishuh-tsukasa. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214. Different reading for Kishû-tsukasa.

Kishû-nishiki. (Kii Province Brocade), (C.japonica), Saitama Botanic Gardens Plant List, 1960: No description. Originated in the Kansai District, Japan. “Kishû” is the old place name for the Wakayama Prefecture.

Kishû-tsukasa. (Lord of the Kii Province), (C.japonica), Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1934-1935, p.32: Light crimson, full double. Late flowering. See colour photos: Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation and Artistic..., p.97; Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.162; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.315, p.159, description p.184; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972 pl.422, p.176; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.101 as ‘Kisyû-tsukasa’. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.41 as Kisyûtsukasa; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, pp.396, 397: Leaves narrowly elliptic, cuneate at base, apex long acuminate, margins manifestly serrate, green to yellowish green, flat, impressed venation. Vigorous, compact, upright growth. Flowers formal double, flat, rose (Rose Opal 022/1), spotted or marbled white, particularly on the outer petals. Petals broadly emarginate, incurved. Late flowering. This cultivar was originally self coloured but apparently has become virus infected as all colour photos taken since 1960 show white variegation. Different readings: ‘Kiskû-tsukasa’, ‘Kishuh-tsukasa’. Corruption of name: ‘Kishitsukasa’, ‘Kisho-tsukasa’, ‘Hishutsukasa’, ‘Kitsutsagas’, ‘Kitsutsutkasa’, ‘Kishiu-tsukasa’. Synonyms: ‘Admiral Nimitz’, ‘Admiral Nimitz Variegated’, ‘Captain John Sutter’, ‘Silvery Pink’, ‘Silver Pink’. Originated in Takarazuka City, Hyôgo Prefecture, Japan. A number of large trees of this cultivar are also found in the Wakayama Prefecture.

Kishû-unryû. (Cloud Dragon of Kii), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.41, description, p.209 as ‘Kisyû-unryû: Medium size, single, red, widely campanulate, 5-6 petals, spreading stamen cluster, yellow anthers, pinkish, white filaments. Branches and limbs grow in the zig-zag fashion of‘Unryû’. There is a difference in the rate of growth in the right and left directions, so that branches tend to be curved. The bending disappears as the tree matures. Originated Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Different reading: ‘Kisyû-unryû’. Kisii Nepalens. Anon. 1830, "Ueber die Cultur der Kamellien" in Der Blumen Gaertner, p.52. Orthographic error for species Camellia kissi.

Kisochidori. (Kiso Plover), (C.rusticana), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. No description. Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.11, p.6, description, p.88: Leaves narrowly ovate-elliptic, thick, glaucous green, dull, venation sub-impressed, margins minutely serrulate, 7.6 cm long x 3.3 cm wide. Petiole, 9-15 mm long, hairy. Flowers white, single with a touch of cream at the bottom, widely campanulate, petals 5-6, often unequal, slightly undulate. Stamens somewhat spread, 3.8 cm long, filaments light, lemon yellow. Flowers midseason. Originated in the wild on the slopes of the Kiso Valley, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

Kisoigoshi. (Competing Pose), (C.japonica), Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1938-1939, p.19: White with purplish crimson variegation. Flat, showing stamens. Single. Early flowering. Originated in Japan.

Kisoji. (Kiso Road), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nuseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.10, A-508: Light rose-pink, vase-shaped single, medium size, cylindrical stamen column. Early to mid-season

84 blooming. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.125. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.71 with colour photo; English translation p.47. A natural seedling of Shûfûraku. Named and released by Minoru Sato in 1975.

Kissi. Sweet, 1826, Hortus Britannicus, pt.I, p.61. This is the species Camellia kissi Wallich, (1820).

Kissi Vera. Maupoil & Figlio Catalogue, 1842. This is the species Camellia kissi Wallich, (1820).

Kissy. Cels, Paris Nursery Catalogue, 1836-1837, p.10. This is the species Camellia kissi Wallich, (1820).

Kisyû-tsukasa. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Different reading for Kishû-tsukasa.

Kisyû-unryû. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.41. Different reading for Kishû-unryû.

Kitadani-no-tô-tsubaki. (See below), (C.reticulata), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, p.367: From Fuku’oka Prefecture, Dazai-fu Machie, Kitadani; owner Tamura Seishi, but the history is unknown. However the age of the tree is estimated at 500-600 years, height about 8 M, trunk 70 cm girth at 50 cm above ground. It is said to be the largest and oldest Japanese To-tsubaki (C.reticulata). The plant is in a Dazai-fu Manor with Chinese connections and was probably, originally an import from China. The present flowers are, at times, variegated with white on red but, in olden times, they were larger and, it is said, not variegated.

Kitaguni. (See below), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.66, p.33, description, p.104 as ‘Kita-guni’: Leaves oblong-elliptic to elliptic, apiculate-cuspidate apex. shining, green to olive green, impressed venation, 6.8-10.3 cm long x 3.5-4.8 cm wide with hairy petioles, 5-9 mm long. Flowers palest pink (Rose Pink 427/3), peony type. Petals 14-19, often with 1-2 small, stalked petals additional with the stamens, a little scattered, about 2.4 cm high, filaments yellow. Flowers mid-season. Originated in Yamanaka Spa, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. “Kite” = northern; “guni” = province = Northern Province alluding to Ishikawa Prefecture.

Kitahara. Ichijima, 1906, Kokon Yôkankô. reprint Yashiro, 1841. Based on same charcters as Kita- no-hara.

Kitajima. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.645: Pink, double, with whitish edges and central, stamen cluster. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kitamura. (Personal Name). (C.rusticana). Claude Thoby, 1993, Camélias, pp.11, 18, 57: A clear red

semi-double that blooms mid-season to late. Collected in Japan, named in France. Kitano-futae. (Kitano Semi-double), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.85: Semi-double white with wide-spread, outer petals and a tall, erect row of centre petals about a very long stamen cluster. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kitano-- hutae’.

Kita-no-hara. (North Plain), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306 as ‘Kitahara’: Large and flat form. The corolla is thick and light coloured; double. Synonym: ‘Kitahara’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kitano-hutae. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.138. Different reading for Kitano-futae.

Kitano-mikatsura-kasuri. (Variegated Judas Tree from Kitano), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.285: Small, white, peony form with a flush of pink and a rare red

85 mark on the petals. Different reading: ‘Kitano-mikatsura-tobi’iri’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kita-no-nada. (Northern Ocean), (C.rusticana), Yuki Tsubaki no Kai, No.1, 1967, black and white photo: Small, red and white peony form. See colour photos: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.431; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.369; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.42, description, p.209: Small, 7-8 cm across, peony form, rosy red with white markings. Outer petals of various sizes, wide spread, smaller, erect centre petals; fluted and folded and mixed in with fascicles of short stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves green to olive green, obovate, apex acuminate, margins serrulate, petioles hirsute. Originated in the Jo’etsu City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected, named and released by Yaichi Kawamura in 1966. Different reading: ‘Kitanonada’. Synonym: ‘Himatsuri’.

Kitano-ô-botan. (Large peony from Kitano), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl. 303: Large, red, open peony form with ragged petals and having a pale coloured edge. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kitano-shimeri. (‘Shimeri’ from Kitano), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.291: Small, pink, single, 5-6 wide open petals, thickly streaked, dotted and peppered with dark crimson. Central stamen column with white filaments. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kitano-tokiwa. (Kitano Forever), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.178: Small size, anemone form, crimson, of 6 petals and a compact, central cushion of petaloids streaked with white. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kitazawa-kingyo. (Kitazawa’s Fishtail), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû: Flowers semi- double, purplish-pink, sometimes has light pink sports, spotted white. Originated in Japan. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.168. (Believed extinct.) Kitchô. (Good Omen). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.71 with colour photo; English translation p.48. Small, pale pink, irregular anemone form, petaloids arranged like a saucer in the centre. Flowers mid-season. Leaves large, elliptic. Upright, somewhat weak growth. A hybrid between C.japonica ‘Nishiki-koshimino’ and C.irrawadiensis, named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1980s. From Osaka. Ki-tsubaki. (Thicket Camellia), Uesa, 1844, Sômoku Benran: Small, red, cupshaped, single. Leaves thick and heavy. Does not bloom until established. Originated in Japan. See: Yashiroda’s comments on p.7, 1971, Kyôto Engei Kurabu; Tsubaki Tokushû, No.65. (Believed extinct.)

Ki-tsubaki. (Yellow Camellia), (C.japonica), Hirayama, Tokuo, (late 17th century), Tsubaki Byôbu; Watanabe, 1961, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kitsune-no-shûgen. (Fox’s Wedding), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Small, deep, bluish red single. Different reading: ‘Kitsune-no-syûgen’. (Believed extinct.)

Kitsune-no-syûgen. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.138. Different reading for Kitsune-no-shûgen.

Kitsuregawa. (Kitsure River), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1957, Chinkashû: Pale pink, semi-double. See colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.93; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.95, p.48, description, p.114 as ‘Kitsure-gawa’: Leaves lanceolate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, a little waved, venation impressed. Flowers vase-shaped, semi-double, pale pink (Neyron Rose 633/3) in colour. Petals slightly channelled, with irregular, distorted inner petals and petaloids, intermixed with a few stamens. Flowers mid-season. Originated in the Minagawa Camellia Gardens, Saitama Prefecture, Japan. A seedling of Miyakodori. Different reading: ‘Kizuregawa’, ‘Mokuregawa’. See colour photos and descriptions:

86 Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.220, p.323, and Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.42 , 209, both as ‘Kizuregawa’.

Kitsutsagas. Forrest, 1985, Trees and Shrubs Cultivated in Ireland. Corruption of the Japanese name Kishû-tsukasa.

Kitsutsutkasa. Mount Congreve Gardens Catalogue, 1980. Corruption of Japanese name Kishû-- tsukasa.

Kitty. (C.japonica), Azalea Glen Nursery Catalogue, 1955: White with a pink border, small, formal double. Bushy growth. Late blooming. Originated in USA by Azalea Glen Nursery. See colour photo: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.92, p.52. Chinese synonym ‘Xiaomaomi’.

Kitty Bawden. (C.japonica), ACRS., 1989, Camellia News, No.111, p.13, Reg. No.377: Originated by Keith Abbott, Rossmoyne, West Australia. A chance seedling that first flowered 1984. Large informal to peony form flowers, white with golden anthers; 14 cm across x 8 cm deep. Flowers early to mid-season on a dense, slow growing plant. Leaves elliptic, glossy deep green, flat, margins finely serrate, Apices acute, 12 cm long x 7 cm wide. Large, even flowers; petals fold slightly. Flowers shed whole.

Kitty Berry. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1956, p.62, Reg. No.257: A 14 year old chance seedling, originated by the Central Georgia Nurseries, Macon, Georgia, USA. First flowered 1948. Plant growth, medium, strong, upright and dense. Leaves 10 cm x 5 cm, bright green, slightly serrated. Flowers 10 cm across x 5 cm deep, peach pink, loose, peony form, 10 regular petals, 30-130 fluted petaloids. The stamens and petaloids form an irregular centre with two regular rows of outer petals. Flowers early in the season. Sport: Kitty Berry Variegated.

Kitty Berry Variegated. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1968, Camellia Nomenclature, p.78 as ‘Kitty Berry Var.’: A virus variegated form of Kitty Berry- Peach pink blotched with white. Originated in USA.

Kitty Ellis. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1973, p.192, Reg. No.1259: A sport of Dr Dan Ellis first observed in 1970. Plant growth is spreading, dense and medium with light green leaves 10 cm x 4 cm. The peony form bloom is white and marbled deep pink, 11 cm across x 5 cm deep with 35 petals. Anthers are yellow and filaments white. Outer petals curve outwards, others crinkle, curl and rabbit ear and intersperse with the stamens.

Kitty MacMahon. (C.japonica), Dodd, 1968, Adventure in Camellia Seedlings, p.7, colour photo: Medium size, crimson, semi-double with 3 layers of petals and a small, thin, stamen cluster. A seedling of La Reine originated by Richard Dodd, Marshallville, Georgia, USA.

Kitty Nelson. (C.japonica), Vanderbilt, 1943, Trade Available Camellia Stocks. No description. Origi- nated in USA. (Believed extinct). Kitty’s Favourite Variegated. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, Aug. 1997, p.16, Reg. No.2427. A medium size, pink mottled white, formal double seedling of Frost Queen x ‘Variety Z’ (C.japonica Z). Originated by Dr William L. Ackerman, Ashton, Md., USA. American Camellia Yearbook, 1997, p.4, colour photo before p.1. The 15 year old seedling first flowered in 1987. Average flower size is 9.5 cm across x 2.5 cm deep with 55-65 petals, 5 petaloids, pale yellow anthers and white filaments. Plant growth is upright, average and open with dark green leaves 9 cm long x 5 cm wide. Kiwi Triumph. (C.reticulata), SCCS., 1972, Camellia Nomenclature, p.157: China rose. Very large, heavy petalled, semi-double with irregular inner petals. Vigorous, compact, upright growth. Midseason blooming. A seedling of C.reticulata Damanao as ‘Cornelian’, raised by Jack Clark, Auckland, New Zealand.

87 Kiyô. (Brilliant Sunshine), (Higo), Taniguchi, 1912, Chinka Kyôkan: Light pink, medium size. See colour photos: Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation and Artistic.. p.59; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.43, description, p.210: Light pink, 9 cm across, 6 petals, 100 light yellow, spreading stamens. Leaves medium size. Different reading: ‘Kiyoh’. Originated in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Similar to ‘Asahi-nishiki’.

Kiyobotan. (Pure Peony), (C.japonica), Domoto Nursery Catalogue, 1948 as ‘Kiyo Botan’: Pink, variegated white, semi-double to peony form. Mid-season flowering. Originated in Japan.

Kiyoh. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214. Different reading for Kiyô.

Kiyoka. (Pure Flower), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.2, No.106: Different reading for Seika. Listed in the Hachiboku Sanbokutsuki Meisai (before 1868) in section “K” as ‘Kiyoka’ as red, but description similar to Kadan Chikinshô.

Kiyoka. (Pure Fragrance), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.44, colour photo, p.210, description: Small, white, campanulate single of 6 petals. Leaves obovate, apex acute, dark, glossy green, shallowly serrate. Late flowering. Fragrant. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.41. Originated in Kurume, Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan. Named by Masaaki Kunishige in 1970. Different reading: ‘Seikô’.

Kiyo-kanako. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of Japanese name Kiyokanoko.

Kiyo-kanako Variegated. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue, Orthographic error for ‘Kiyokanoko Variegated’, synonym for Kiyokanoko.

Kiyokanoko. (Spotted Fawn), (C,japonica), Wilmot, 1943, Camellia Variety Classification Report: Red. Large semi-double to semi-peony form. Medium, bushy growth. It can also be variegated. Midseason blooming. Imported from Japan by Toichi Domoto, Hayward, California, USA in 1937. The word “kanoko” means dappled or spotted and indicates that this variety is variegated in Japan. Synonym: ‘Kiyokanoko Variegated’. Corruption of name: ‘Kiyokanako’. Sport: Kiyokanoko Red.

Kiyo-Kanoto Variegated. Harris’ Longview Nursery Retail Price List, 1955-1956, p.9. Synonym for Kiyokanoko.

Kiyokanoko Red. (C.japonica), Wilmot, 1943, Camellia Variety Classification Report: Self red form of Kiyokanoko. Originated in USA. Kiyomasa. (Personal Name). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.43; Medium size vermilion, anemone form. Petaloids are widely sprayed and bordered white. Growth somewhat spreading. Leaves medium size, long elliptic. Late flowering. A 100 year old tree in a private garden, Kusano-machi, Japan.

Kiyomizu. (Place Name in Kyôto), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.452: Small, white, peony form with markings of soft, fuchsine pink. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading ‘Shimizu’. Sport: Kiyomizu-shibori.

Kiyomizu-shibori. (Dappled Kiyomizu), (C.japonica), Mizuno. 1681, Kadan Kômoku: Double. Red crest on white. Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.475: Kiyomizu with fine crimson streaks added. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kiyono Semi-double Blush. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5 as ‘Kiyono Sem. Do. Blush’. Synonym for Semi-double Blush.

Kiyono Snowdrift. Gerbing’s Azalea Gardens Catalogue, 1945. Synonym for Tricolor White.

Kiyo Ranoko. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.122. Corruption for the Japanese name Kiyokanoko.

88 Kiyoshi. (Chinese Official), (C.japonica), Domoto Catalogue, 1948: White, semi-double with red spots. Large. Imported from Japan by Domoto, California, USA. Different readings: ‘Seishi’, ‘Kiyosu’. Corruption: ‘Kiyoso’.

Kiyoso. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.122. Corruption of the Japanese name Kiyoshi.

Kiyosu. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, p.57. Different reading for Kiyoshi.

Kiyosu. Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1934-1935, p.32. Synonym for Daikagura. Kizakura. (Yellow Cherry). (C.nitidissima hybrid). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.292 with colour photo; Small to medium size, pale yellow semi-double with slightly reflexed petals, orange-gold anthers. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright growth. A cross of C.nitidissima x (Barbara Clark x

C.nitidissima), named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa, Osaka, Japan, in 2001. Kizanjin. Different reading for Kaeruyamabito. Kizan-no-hito. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, p.57, No.1. Different reading for Kaeruyamabito. Kizuki-hinomaru. (Rising Sun Flag of Kizuki). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.168 with colour photo; Red with white border. Early flowers have a very wide white border (like the Japanese flag), later flowers have a narrow white border. Medium size semi-double with a few petaloids among the stamens. Flowers early to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, twisted with the sunlight. Spreading, vigorous growth. A natural seedling of Iwane-shibori, named and released by Ichiro Kanezuki, Shimane Pref., Japan, in 2008. Kizuregawa. (Kizure River). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.71 with colour photo; English translation p.47. Medium size, palest pink, semi-double, poor stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves oblong, small, plicate along the midrib. Upright growth. A seedling of Miyakadori, originated by Jisuke Minagawa, released in Chinkashû in 1956, named after the Kizure River in Tochigi Prefecture. From Saitama Prefecture. Different reading for Kitsuregawa. Kizuregawa. Tateyama Nursery Catalogue, 1957. Different reading for Kitsuregawa. Kneight’s Waceleh. Anon. 1830, "Ueber die Cultur der Kamellien" in Der Blumen Gaertner, p.52. Orthographic error for ‘Knight’s Waratah’, synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knight. Anonymous, 1828, Annales Société Horticulture de Paris, 2:190, 191. Orthographic variant for ‘Knightii’, synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knightii. Loddiges Botanical Cabinet, vol.XV, 1828, fol.1462. Synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knightii Eximia. (C.japonica), Berlèse, 1837, Monographie, ed.1, p.128: Leaves small, close, oval, very acuminate, recurved, heavily veined, dull green; bud at first elongated. pointed, obtuse; flower semi-double, 7 cm across, rose to cherry-red; exterior petals imbricated, a little marked with white; those at the centre smaller, crinkled and intermixed with stamens. Burnett, ed. 1837, Magazine of Botany & Gardening, vol.3, p.152 as ‘Eximia’: “The flowers are a most lovely rose colour, from 8-10 cm across. The outer petals are arranged in 3 distinct rows and are heartshaped or divided at the edge; the inner ones are smaller and faintly striped, filling the centre with a loose and graceful tuft, after the style of ‘Waratah’. Of its origin I am uncertain: the plant I received from Bolwieler.” Originated in England. Orthographic error: ‘Knight’s Eximea’.

89 Knight’s. Loudon, 1838, Arboretum et Fructicetum Britannicum. Orthographic variant for ‘Knightii’, synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knight’s Anemoniflora. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.122. Synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knight’s Carnation Waratah. Chandler & Booth, 1830, Illustrations & Descriptions of Camellias.... Synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knight’s Cornation Waratah. Jacob Makoy et Cie, Nursery Catalogue, 1836,p.16 as ‘Knight’s Cor- nation War,’: Orthographic error for ‘Knight’s Carnation Waratah’, synonym for Dianthi- flora.

Knight’s Eximea. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.122. Orthographic error for Knightii Eximia.

Knights Ferry. (C.japonica), American Camellia Society Quarterly, 4(2):8, 1951, Reg. No.116: A 13 year old seedling of unknown parentage that first flowered 1943. Originated by Riverbank Camellia Nursery, Riverbank, California, USA. Plant growth is open and rapid. Flower is an incomplete double with crinkly, heart-shaped petals and large petaloids. The colour is rose (1-G-4 Maerz & Paul Chart), 9-11 cm across. Flowers early to mid-season.

Knight’s New Carnation Waratah. Curtis, 1825, Botanical Magazine. Synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knight’s Nova. Tagliabue, 1840, Nomenclatore Camelliae. Synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knight’s Single Scarlet Waratah. Jacob Makoy et Cie Catalogue, 1848, p.16. Synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knight’s Waratah. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.122. Synonym for Dianthiflora.

Knights White Waratah. (C.japonica), Jacob Makoy et Cie Catalogue, 1838, as ‘Knight’s White War.’. No description. Originated in England. (Believed extinct.) Knithii. Jacob-Makoy, 1828, Catalogue, p.5. Orthographic error for ‘Knightii’, synonym for Dianthiflora.

Kô-ai. Watanabe, 1960. Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57: Orthographic error for Kara-ai.

Koa-no-haru. (obscure), (C.japonica), Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1940-1941, p.18: Pink with broad, white margins to petals, semi-double flower. Originated in Japan.

Kô-arajishi. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.138. Different reading for Beni-arajishi.

Kôbai. (Red Plum), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Flowers cardinal red, 3 large petals and 13 smaller ones, stamens without a cylindrical cluster, petals curved inwards. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kôbai. (Red Plum), (Higo), Uekiya Bunsuke Hikki, 1830: Flowers red, stamens like those of a plum flower. For colour photos see: Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation and Artistic..., p.67; Hiratsuka,1964, Higo Camellia, pp.8, 12; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.175; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.19; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.53, description, p.213: Light red, Higo flower, 11 cm across, 5-6 petals with about 100 spreading, white stamens. Leaves lanceolate, shining green, decurved, acuminate apex, margins shallowly serrate. Petiole strongly twisted. Originated in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Different reading: ‘Kohbai’. Sport: Kôbai-no-zu. Corruption of Japanese name: ‘Kabai’.

90 Kôbai. (Red Plum), (C.sasanqua), Kajitsu-en, 1905, Chabaika Meikan: Flower, medium size, red. Origi- nated in Japan.

Kôbai-no-zu. (Picture of Red Plum), (Higo), Yoshimura, 1963, Higo List: Variegated form of Kôbai in a moired pattern. Other characteristics identical. Originated in Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.91, English translation p.61. Translation is given as ‘Variegated Kôbai’. Leaves broadly elliptic, large. Spreading growth. Designated as a new Higo by the Higo Camellia Society in the early 1980s.

Kobana-yabutsubaki. Japanese group name for C.japonica var spontanea forma parviflora Makino.

Kobana-hiboke. Different reading for Kohana-hiboke.

Kôbotan. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.26. Different reading for Benibotan.

Kôbu-wabisuke. (Kôbu Wabisuke), (Wabisuke), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.159, colour photo and description: Small size, red, vase-shaped single, with pale yellow stamen column. Blooms mid-season. Leaves mid-green, broad-ovate, apices acute, margins serrate. Selected from wild camellias in Kôbu, Yatsuka-gun, Matsu-e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan by Nitoshi Kaji. Named and released in 1979.. Local synonym: ‘Hakushin-kashima’.

Kochidori. (Small Plover), (C.hybrid), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.56, description, p.57, colour photo: Small size, white, single with 6 petals having their lateral margins rolled in to form sharp apices; central stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined for the lower half, and light yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season. Leaves bright, mid-green, elliptic, apices tapering acute, margins serrate. Originated in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. A chance seedling of Tulip Time. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1982.

Kochô. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306. Japanese group name for C.wabisuke Makino.

Kochô. (Butterfly), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Very small to small size, single, chance seedling of Tiny Princess. Originated in Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1980s.

Kochôbeni-wabisuke. Tateyama Nursery Catalogue, 1957. Synonym for Beni-wabisuke.

Kochô-konwabisuke. (Dark Butterfly Wabisuke), (Wabisuke), Chûbu Tsubaki Meikan, 1960; Watan- abe,1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, p.57. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kochô-no-mai. (Dancing Butterfly), (C.x vernalis), Hakoda, JCS., 1989, Tsubaki, No.26, p.54; ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.40: Small size, red, single. Blooms early to mid-season. Obtained and named by Hiroshi Yoshino of Kumamoto, from Nagasaki. Camellia Forest Nursery Catalogue, 1990, p.6: Delicate red, single; blooms between the C.sasanqua and C.japonica blooming seasons.

Kochô-no-mai. (Dancing Butterfly), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1959, Chinkashû, on section on new varieties: Pale pink, semi-double. Medium size. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.91 shows a Camellia almost white. Yokayama 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.120 gives the colour as “faint pink” and the bloom illustrated is a medium size semi-double. A seedling of Chô-no-hanagata. Resembles ‘Toki-no-hagoromo’. There is still another camellia of this name that is a red peony form.

Kochô-no-mai. (Dancing Butterfly), (C.rusticana), Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, 1967, p.17: Clear, dark red peony form, medium size, 6-8 cm across. Outer petals, 12-16, inner, 12-15, confused, petaloids 16-20. Stamens about 100. Leaves obovate, shiny, mid-green, apex acuminate, margins deeply serrulate. Petioles hirsute. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.56, 214. Same characters as the Minagawa cultivar above. Originated in Tochio City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1966.

91 Kôchôraku. Tateyama Nursery Catalogue, 1957. Different reading for Beni-osaraku.

Kochô-shibori-wabisuke. Tateyama Nursery Catalogue, 1957. Synonym for Kochô-wabisuke.

Kochoshiro-wabisuke. Savige, 1974, International Camellia Journal, No.6, p.29. Synonym for ‘Campanulata White’ (Shiro-wabisuke).

Kochô-shiro-wabisuke. Tateyama Nursery Catalogue, 1957. Synonym for Shiro-wabisuke.

Kocho-takai. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name Kochô-wabisuke.

Kochô-usu-wabisuke. Chûbu Tsubaki Kyôkai, 1960; Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Synonym for ‘Momoiro-wabisuke’ (Tarôkaja).

Kochô-wabisuke. (Butterfly Wabisuke), (Wabisuke), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.311. (different kanji; same pronunciation); Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Rose-pink spotted white. Small single with poor, infertile stamen cluster and a protruding style. Leaves mid-green, lanceolate, apices long, tapering acuminate, margins serrulate. Originated in the Kansai area, Japan. Different reading: ‘Kochoh-wabisuke’. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.235; Katei Gahô, 1984, Chabana Koyomi, vol. 1, Tsubaki, p.64. While originally given as a synonym for ‘Wabisuke’ in Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô and Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.225; now Kochô-wabisuke is commonly used for this cultivar to avoid confusion. Synonym: ‘Azuma-wabisuke’. Chinese synonym ‘Hudie Tuozhu’.

Kochoh-wabisuke. Different reading for Kochô-wabisuke. Kochû-no-yume. (Dream in a Jar). (C.japonica), Yamaguchi, Tsubaki-en, Kyoto, Mail Order List, 1993- 1994, No.598: Name inspired by an ancient fable of Utopia in an earthenware jar. Bright red, medium sized single, spherical to cup-shaped. White filaments. The short stamen tube is a pointed shape, joined at the top. Blooms early spring. Selected from wild camellias in Japan. Kôdaiji. (Kôdai Temple), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.142: Small, pink, tubular single. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.90 with colour photo; English translation p.60. Small, peach red, tubular single, cylindrical stamen cluster. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves oblong, small. Somewhat spreading, compact growth. Selected from wild japonicas raised at a temple in Kyoto, collected by Yoshiaki Andoh in 1971, released by

Takeo Ogawa. From Kyoto to Izu Ôshima. Kôdaikagura. Different reading for Benidaikagura. Kodai-no-fue. (Flute of Ancient Times). (C.x williamsii). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.100 with colour photo; English translation p.68. Purplish pink, tubular single, occasionally flat. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves small, oblong, plicate at the centre rib. Upright growth with dense branches. A cross between C.japonica Kon-wabisuke x C.saluenensis, named and released by Shinichi Noguchi in 1989. From Tokyo. Kodai-no-hana. (Flower of Ancient Times), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nursery Co. Ltd Catalogue,1986-- 1987, p.11, A-543: Very small, dark red, tubular to campanulate single of 6 petals and whitish stamen column. Leaves light green, elliptic, margins coarsely serrate. See, p.181, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon No Chinka. Originated in a wild population in Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Hiroyoshi Yagashira in 1980. Kodai-no-iro. (Colour of Ancient Times). (C.x williamsii). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.100 with colour photo; English translation p.68. Small, purplish deep red, sake cup-shaped single with cylindrical stamen column. Flowers mid-season. Leaves small, narrowly elliptic, slightly wavy. Compact upright growth with dense branches. A cross between C.japonica Kon-wabisuke x C.saluenensis, named and released by Shinichi Noguchi in 1989. From Tokyo.

92 Kô-ei. (Glory), (C.rusticana), Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1934-1935 as ‘Kowei’: White margins and purplish crimson, vertical crimson variegation on light crimson. Double. See plates: Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.305; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol. I, 1972, pl.296; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.51, description, p.213: Leaves narrowly elliptic, apex long acuminate, crenate at margins, petioles very hairy. Flowers semi-double to peony type, deep pink, (Neyron Rose 623/1) blotched white in varying degrees. Flowers mid-season. Satomi gives the meaning as “glory” while Tuyama says “honour”. Different reading: ‘Kowei’, ‘Kohei’. Originated in Takarazuka City, Hyôgo Prefecture, Japan.

Kô-ei Red. McIlhenny Catalogue, 1945-1946, p.6 as ‘Koei Red’. Synonym for Moshio.

Kôemon-tsubaki. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.138, as ‘Kôemon(tsubaki)’. Different reading for Kôuemon-tsubaki’.

Kô’etsu. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Nakayama, 1847, Senka’ôden: Flower, single, white, occasionally with red streaks. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1963, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.4, p.81.

Kôfu. (Scented Gemstone), (C.japonica), JCS., 1987, Japan Camellia, No.24, p.4 with colour photo: Originated by Funakoshi Kôji, Aichi Prefecture, Japan as a seedling of Hatsu-arashi-Saga. It has detailed, white striping on a red ground. Single, cup-shaped bloom with overlapping petals of medium size. Fragrant. Mid-season blooming. Note: According to the originator, “Fu” is a red gemstone with white stripes. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.92 with colour photo; English translation p.62. A red mottled white single, cupped and somewhat creped petals, fragrant, tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers early. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright growth. Originated and released by Kôji Funakoshi. Kôfûgyoka. (River, Wind and Fishing Lights). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, June 1994, pp.1-9, colour plate 8 p.7. (H3774: A seedling of C.japonica Ôdaira-kaori x C.chekiangoleosa, originated by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata, Japan. Deep red (RHS.CC.50A), large to very large, rose form double, mildly scented. Sparse filaments and protruding style. Spring blooming. Habit spreading and sparsely

branched. Different reading ‘Kôfû-ryôka’. Colour photo, ICS Journal, 1995, p.79. Kofuji. (Small Fuji), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô. Very small size, single, red with white spots. Originated in Japan. May be a synonym for Kochô-wabisuke. Kofuji-no-mai. (Dance of Small Fuji). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.104 with colour photo; English translation p.71. Medium size, pale pink striped red, lion (peony) to anemone form. Flowers early. Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, medium size. Upright growth. A natural seedling of a cultivar. Named and released by Jirô Yamagami around 1970. From Ehime Prefecture. Kofuji-wabisuke. (Small Wisteria Wabisuke), (C.japonica), Senka’ô-den, 1874: Very small size, single, red and white stripes. May be synonym for Kochô-wabisuke. Originated in Japan. Kôfukozan. (Mt. Kôfuku). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.92 with colour photo; English translation p.62. Small to medium size, pale pink, trumpet shaped single, tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, somewhat wavy. Upright growth. A chance seedling of Yoru-no-ame. Named and released by San-in Camellian Club in 1995. From Shimane Prefecture. Kofuku. (Invoked Happiness), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.205, colour photo and description: Medium size, deep red with 6 petals, separated, the 3 central, long oval with narrow apices, and a central stamen column with pink filaments, joined for the lower third and bright yellow anthers. Chinese bellflower shape, occasionally anemone form. Blooms mid-season. Leaves mid-green, elliptic, margins shallowly serrate. Originated in

93 Okoyama Prefecture, Japan. A seedling of Bokuhan. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1988.

Kôfuyô. Yoshimura, 1963, Higo Tsubaki Meikan. Synonym for Hi-no-tsukasa.

Kôga. (Yellow River), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.297, colour photo and description: Medium size, faint greenish white, especially in bud, with convex centre of small, pale yellow petals and petaloids intermixed, peony form. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves broad-ovate, deep green, margins serrate. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan. A seedling of Bandai. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.88 with colour photo; English translation p.59. Stated to be a chance seedling of Yukikomachi discovered at a private family in Nakatsu Town, Higashi-kanbara District. Named by Katsumi Ôoka in 1967, released by Tokuji Ôoka.

Kogan. (Wild Gosling), (C.japonica), Izu-Ohshima Hawaii Botanic Gardens Catalogue, 1980. No description. Originated in Japan. Kogane-nishiki. (Golden Brocade). (C.nitidissima hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.94 with colour photo; English translation p.63. Small, trumpet shaped single, slender stripes of red on pale yellow ground. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright growth. A cross between Betty Foy Sanders and C.nitidissima. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1993. Previously known as ‘Kôki 93’. From Osaka. Kogane-yuri. (Golden Lily). (C.nitidissima hybrid). Atagawa Banana & Crocodile Park, Postcard for 1995 Annual Camellia Show: Pale yellow single of 7 rounded petals, with a slight fold up the centre to apex. Compact cylinder of stamens with deep golden anthers and a three armed stigma protruding. Leaves mid-green, narrowly elliptic, base narrow-cuneate, apex acuminate, margins bluntly serrate. Originated as a seedling of (C.reticulata x C.saluenensis Barbara

Clark) x C.nitidissima by Kazuo Yoshikawa, Japan. Koga-no-sato. (Koga Village), (C.japonica), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.115, black and white photo: Medium size, campanulate single with a white ground variegated by red streaks; compact, central stamen column. Resembles Chiyoda-nishiki. Originated in Atsugi City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

Kogarashi. (Winter Wind), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakushinshû: In the section of different sports on the one branch. Outer petals dark red, middle petals piled up like Kikutoji, inner petals tipped white and erect. Small double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Painting in Usami Naohachi’s Nagoya Chinzu’e, ca.1910.

Kogarasu. (Small Raven), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.57, colour photo, p.214, description: Small, blush red, cupped semi-double, 14-16 rounded, imbricated petals in 3 rows. Centre stamens in a slightly irregular column, yellow anthers and white filaments. Leaves lanceolate, apices acuminate, margins finely serrulate, shiny mid-green. Originated in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Seizô Matsui in 1977.

Kôgen-no-tsuki. (Plateau on the Moon), (Higo), 1979, Higo Camellia: Rose-pink sport of Taikanhô, 11 cm across. Originated in Japan.

Kôgetsu. (Greeting the Moon), (C.japonica), JCS., 1989, Japanese Camellia, No.31, p.13, pl.(c): Small size, open, cup-shaped single of 5-6 white petals, rounded, unequal in size, with a short stamen cluster, pale golden anthers and green, protruding pistil. Slightly fragrant. Originated in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. A seedling of Kikuzuki. Kôgetsu. (Bright Moon). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.89 with colour photo; English translation p.59. Medium size, red, tubular single, cylindrical stamen cluster. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves somewhat oblong, small to medium size. Somewhat spreading. A chance seedling raised at the garden of Kiyoshi Ishikawa, ex-President of the

JCS, named and released in the early 70s. From Tokyo. 94 Ko-Ghyoku. Ghisleni, Pier Luigi, 1982, Le Camelie. p.77. Corruption of Japanese name Kôgyoku.

Koginu. (Small Kimono), (C.hybrid), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.62, description, p.63, colour photo: Small size, white, with a pink cast, single with 6-7 fluted, irregular, emarginate petals and a short, central stamen cylinder with yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves deep green, elliptic to broad-elliptic, apices acute to acuminate, margins serrate. Originated in Okoyama Prefecture, Japan. A seedling of Tulip Time.

Kogioku. Tanahashi, 1949, American Camellia Yearbook, p.108. Corruption of Japanese name Kôgyoku.

Kogitsune. (Little Fox), (C.x vernalis), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.16: Small size, white with divided stamen cluster. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kogô. (Personal name). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.96 with colour photo; English translation p.65. Small white, tubular to bowl shaped single, cylindrical stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, somewhat sharply recurved at apices. Upright growth. A cultivar at a private family in Kanazawa City. Named and released by Asako Sakuuchi in 1980. From Ishikawa Prefecture. Kogô-no-iori. (Queens Retreat), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1988-1989, p.1, A1 with black and white photo: Dark red, single, cylindrical blossom with central stamen cylinder, yellow anthers, pink filaments, united for the lower third, fertile. Originated in Japan.

Kôgyoku. (Red Gem), (C.sasanqua), Minagawa, Jisuke, 1930, Jissai Engei, No.9; Chûgai Nursery Cata- logue, 1935-1936 as ‘Kowgyoku’: Pink. Full double. Large flower. A seedling originated by Jisuke Minagawa, Japan. For colour pl. see: Fendig, 1950, American Camellia Catalogue: Small, rose form double, 7 cm across x 2.5 cm deep, blush pink deepening to rose-pink with about 30 petals. Leaves olive green, 5 cm x 3.8 cm. Synonyms: ‘Little Gem’, ‘Ruby’, ‘Kôgyoku Pink’. Different readings: ‘Kowgyoku’, ‘Kohgyoku’, ‘Benigyoku’, ‘Ko-Gyoku’. Corruptions of name: ‘Ko-Ghyoku’, ‘Kogioku’, ‘Kowgoyoku’. Synonyms: ‘Sôfuren’, ‘Haru-no-akebono’. The character for “kô” translates as red in this case, not “little” and ‘Kôgyoku’ is a red gem or a ruby. Tuyama in Ishii’s Selected Japanese Camellias including Sasanquas, 1979, pl.93 uses a different character for “ko” meaning Emperor. There is a C.japonica with the same name characters and another with the same transliterated name but one character different. Chinese synonym ‘Huangyu’.

Kôgyoku. (Rainbow Gem), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.400, p.162, description, p.256: Large, semi-double, red variegated with white blotched with 18-20 large, emarginate petals, inner semi-erect and crinkled; irregular stamen cluster. Leaves mid-green, lanceolate, apices short acuminate, recurved, margins shallowly serrulate. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.51, 213. Originated in Matsu’e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Tomohisa Arikawa in 1973. This camellia has a different character for “kô”, meaning rainbow.

Kôgyoku. (Ruby), (rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.52, colour photo, p.213, description: Medium size, crimson, single with simple stamens. Leaves brilliant, glossy mid- green with a feather of yellow and some pale green, along the midrib, elliptic, apices acuminate, bases cuneate, margins sharply serrate. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kogyoku Pink. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.255. Synonym for Kôgyoku. Ko-hagoromo. (Small ‘Hagoromo’). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.104 with colour photo; Medium to large size, pale pink, semi- double to lotus form with long, narrow, fluted petals and tubular stamens. Flowers mid- season. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. A seedling of Haru-no- utena, originated and released by Shinichi Noguchi, Tokyo, Japan, in 2008.

95 Kohaku. (Amber), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.121, black and white photo: Pale, peach pink, semi-double with crinkled petals and spreading stamen cluster. Origi- nated in Ojiya City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Synonym: ‘Yurikago’ in Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, pl.228, p.324. Kôhaku-bijin. (Red and White Beauty). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.82 with colour photo; A chance seedling of a garden cultivar. Selected and named by T. Kunitake, Kurume, Japan in 1996. Deep red with prominent white patches. Small to medium size, tubular single. Tubular stamen cluster. Vigorous, upright growth. Leaves medium size, oblong. Flowers mid-season.

Kohakuchô. (Foreign White Butterfly), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, pp.14, 15, colour photo and description: Very small size, white, wide campanulate single of 5 oval, emarginate, reflexed petals with a centre column of stamens, filaments white, joined for the lower half, anthers gold. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves deep green, lanceolate, margins crenate. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.104 with colour photo; English translation p.70. A cross between Shiro-wabisuke and Sasameyuki. Named and released by Minoru Satô in 1963.

Kôhaku-no-iwai. (Red & White Festival), (C.japonica), JCS., 1988, Japan Camellia, No.28, p.4, colour photo; ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.13: Medium size, tubular to campanulate form single, red and white, dividing the petals. Blooms early to late. Originated in the Chibu Prefecture, Japan. Kohan-no-aki.. (C.sasanqua Higo type) Collected Papers, ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.33, “Introduction of Higo-sasanqua, Takayuki Tanaka”; Pale pink, rose form double with 22-30 petals and 14-32 stamens, diameter 8.4 cm. Leaves 5.2 cm x 2.5 cm. Originated in Japan.

Kohana-hiboke. (Small Hiboke), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô. Cardinal red, medium size. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.81. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kohara. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Okumura, [before 1810], Chinka Hin’i; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Large, pale pink, open semidouble. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Koharu. (Pretty Spring), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.13. No description. Originated in the Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.104 with colour photo; English translation p.70. Small, vermilion, tubular single, cylindrical stamen cluster. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Hirado City. Discovered by Tsukasa Isomoto in 1980, named by Kichinosuke Aburatani. Koharubi. (Indian Summer) (C.japonica) from Hachiôji, Tokyo. Japan Camellia No.82, February 2007: Pale pink, tubular to campanulate, medium size single, cylindrical stamens, blooming in October to March. Tree somewhat spreading, vigorous. Leaves somewhat long elliptic, medium. A chance seedling of Seiôbo. Originated by Shinichi Noguchi and named by Hiroshi Okado in 2003. Koharubiyori. (Indian Summer Day), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.95, colour photo and description: Medium size, pale pink, campanulate single with 5 rounded, emarginate, overlapping petals and a short, somewhat irregular, yellow stamen column. Blooms early to late. Leaves, light green, lanceolate, apices tapering, blunt acuminate, recurved, margins serrate. Plant habit bushy and dwarf. Originated in Toyama City, Japan. Named and released by Toyama Rusticana Lovers Club in 1980s. Koharu-no-akebono. (Sunrise in Koharu). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.104 with colour photo; English translation p.70. Small, peach red, trumpet shaped single.

96 Cylindrical stamen column opening at the tip. Very early to mid-season flowering. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright growth. Discovered in Gifu City, details unknown, named by Nagaharu Niwa in 1984, Released by Gifu Camellia Club. From Gifu Prefecture. Kohbai. Andoh, 1974, Tsubaki Nyûmon, No.73. Different reading for Kôbai. Kohbotan. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214. Different reading for ‘Kôbotan’ (Benibotan). Kohei. Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan, p.9. Different reading for Kô-ei. Kohei Red. SCCS., 1960, Camellia Nomenclature. Synonym for Moshio.

Koheita. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.90: Large, full double, pink with paler margins. Divided stamen cluster. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kohgyoku. Yashiroda, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.28. Different reading for Kôgyoku.

Kôhi. (Fragrant Empress), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Very small to small size, pale pink to crimson, semi-double; fragrant. Blooms mid-season to late. Seedling of C.japonica Hishikaraito x C.lutchuensis. Originated in the Tokyo Prefecture, Japan by Mrs Nagao in 1982. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.91 with colour

photo; English translation p.61. Leaves elliptic, small. Spreading, dense branches. Kohinor. (C.reticulata), American Camellia Yearbook, 1970, p.165, Reg. No.1067: A 6 year old chance seedling of Buddha that first bloomed 1963. Originated by Monique Peer, Hollywood, Cali- fornia, USA. Plant growth is upright and rapid in rate with dark green leaves, 8-10 cm long x 4-5 cm wide. The semi-double flower, resembling Frizzle White, is 13 cm across x 9.5 cm deep with 12 petals and rabbit ears. Flower colour is orchid-pink with yellow anthers and filaments, Blooms mid-season. See colour plate, front cover, SCCS, 1972, The Camellia Review, vol.34, No.1. Sport: Kohinor Variegated.

Kohinor Variegated. (C.reticulata), Gentry, 1969, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.24, No.1 as ‘Kohinor V.’: A virus variegated form of Kohinor - Orchid-pink blotched white. Originated in USA. Ko-hiraguri. (Small ‘Hiraguri’). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.71 with colour photo; Small, peach pink single, tubular, almost cupped petals, central stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves ovate. Upright growth. From a private garden in Higaguri Town, Kanazawa City, Japan. Found, named and released by Takashi Shiota around 1980.

Kôhisui. (Red Jade), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyû, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.16: Small size, red, pot shaped. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kohkirin. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214. Different reading for Kôkirin. Kohmyoh. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214. Different reading for Kômyô. Kohotome. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.214. Different reading for Kô-otome. Kohrin. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.213. Different reading for Kôrin.

Kohuji. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.138. Different reading for Kofuji. Kohun. Hallstone, 1982, International Camellia Journal, No.14, p.17. Different reading for Kô-un.

Kô-i. (Changing Clothes), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Deep red, lotus shape, lustrous petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) 97

Koi-akabana-no-wabisuke. Savige, 1974, International Camellia Journal, No.4, p.30. Synonym for Aka-wabisuke.

Koibeni. (Dark Red), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.362: Medium size, red, formal double with notched petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Koikurenai’.

Koibeni. Different reading for Koikô.

Koigokoro. (Loves Awakening), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.51, colour photo, p.213, description: Medium size, semi-double, red with 14-16 large, emarginate petals and a small, centre column of stamens with yellow anthers and pinkish filaments. Leaves broad-oblong, apices abrupt acute, mid-green, thin. Petioles hirsute. Originated in Yatsuo Town, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Hideo Hori in 1974. Koi-hime. (C.japonica), Book of Manuscripts, ICS Congress, Miyazaki, 1999; ‘White and Red Camellia at Nara’s Todaiji Temple’; Hagiya, Kaoru, p.43. No details. Koi-hime (Itô). (Princess Love), (C.japonica), Japan Camellia 99, May 2013, p.3 with colour photo; JCR Regn 2013-7 (ser. No.7); A seedling of Owarifuji, pollen parent unknown. Single, very pale pink, trumpet shape. Stamens columnar, filaments white, anthers gold. Medium to large size. Mid-season to late blooming. Originated by Atsushi Itô.

Koiji. (Loves Pathway), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.51, colour photo, p.213, description: Medium to large, crimson, peony form with a few stamens scattered in the central area. Leaves elliptic, dark green. Petioles hirsute. Originated in Tochio City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected by Susumu Ishizawa, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1971.

Koijo. (Love Story), (C.japonica), Utakuni Hamamatsu, 1825, Setsuyô Kikan, vol.23. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Koikô. (Dark Red), (C.japonica), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.15; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Medium size, red, single with “tea whisk” stamens. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Koibeni’, ‘Koikurenai’, ‘Koikou’. Similar to Eiraku.

Koikô. Different reading for Koibeni. Koikou. Different reading for Koibeni. Koikurenai. Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe 1969, pl.362. Different reading for Koibeni. Koi-miyakobeni. Different reading for Koki-rniyakobeni.

Koin. (Old Tone), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.13: Medium size, deep red ground with white patches, campanulate single. Blooms mid-season. Originated with a private family in Matsu’e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by the San- in Camellian Club in 1975. Koi-no-takinobori. (Carp Jumping a Waterfall) (C.japonica), Japan Camellia 101, May 2014, p.4 with colour photo; JCR Regn No. 2014-2, (ser. No.15). Chance seedling, parents unknown. Red, double, tubular, about 6cm diameter x 6cm height. Flower always remains partly closed. Originated by Naoyuki Yamamoto.

Koi-otome. (Dark Maiden), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1954, Kanshô Jumoku: Medium size, dark red, formal double. Originated in Japan.

Ko-isahaya. (Small Isahaya), (C.x vernalis), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, as ‘Ko-isahai’: Flowers, small size, single, red with white spots; leaves variegated; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.344; Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.11: Pink dotted white.

98 Small, single. Leaves variegated white. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Shô-isahaya’. Synonym: ‘Ko-isahai’.

Ko-isahai. Synonym for Ko-isahaya.

Koishikawa. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Cho, [before 1867], Chinkafu, illustr. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Koishikawa-sarasa. (Koishikawa Variegated), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô,1859, Tsubaki Iro- hanayose Irotsuki: White with red stripes, semi-double with 3 rows of petals. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Koishi Gosh. Valley Garden Supply Catalogue, 1949. Corruption of Japanese name Kôshigoshi.

Koiso. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd. Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.8, A-386: Very small, dark red, single. Early to mid-season blooming. Originated in Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.87 with colour photo; English translation p.58. Vermilion, tubular single, tubular stamen cylinder, small. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves oblong, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Tamanoura Town on Fuke Island, Goto Archipelago. Named and released by Tomoichi Fujita in 1975.

Kôjaku. Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.12. Different reading for Benisuzume.

Kojishi. (Lion Cub), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.312, p.158, description, p.183: Leaves dark green, thin, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, serrulate margins, 7.4-8 cm long x 2.7-3.2 cm wide, petioles 9-11 mm long, hairy. Flowers very small, formal double, rose opal 022; petals 56-65, imbricated, outer petals blotched white near margin; stamens scanty or lacking. Flowers mid-season. Originated in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Hisakichi Kimura in 1970. Kôjishi. (Red Lion). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.89 with colour photo; English translation p.60. Medium to large, deep red, anemone, outer petals waved, irregular and dense petaloids. Flowers early to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat recurved. Upright, vigorous growth. Appeared in Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki in 1859. From Edo. Kôjishi. Satomi, 1956, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, p.4. Different reading of Benijishi.

Kôjiya-kinsunago. (Kôjiya’s Golden Sand), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû, in the section on dotted leaved camellias. Long, narrow leaves, dotted with golden sand. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.167. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kojoh-no-tsuki. Izu-Oshima, Hawaii Botanical Gardens Catalogue, 1980, as ‘Kojohnosuki’. Syn- onym for Jakkô.

Kojô-no-haru. (Old Castle in Spring), (C.japonica), Satô 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.7 as ‘Kojyônoharu’: Medium size, soft pink, single with 6-7 large, rounded, overlapping petals, opening wide cup- shaped, some crêping on petal margins. Large stamen cluster, golden anthers, light, creamy filaments. Leaves lanceolate, dark green, apices acuminate, margins serrulate. A natural seedling of Tarô’an, named and released by Minoru Satô in 1961. See colour photos: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.290; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.56. Kojô-no-tsuki. (Moon above Old Castle). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.99, English translation p.67. Pink tubular single, medium size. Flowers early to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. A cross between Kojô-no-haru and ‘Shûhûraku’, named and released by Minoru Satô in 1984. From Aichi Prefecture. Kojô-no-tsuki. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1973, Garden Life, No.5, colour photo, p.12. Synonym for Jakkô.

99 Kôka. (Red Haze), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.28: Large size, scarlet, peony form flower. Seedling of Flower Girl. Originated in Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.88 with colour photo; English translation p.59. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small, dull. Upright growth, dense branches. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1980. Kôka. (Fragrant Flower). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.63 with colour photo; Medium size single, pink ground shading to white in the centre. Tight tubular stamen cluster. Slightly fragrant. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves ovate, thick, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. A seedling of Haru-no-minato, named and released by Soshin Hirai, Saitama Pref., Japan, in 2008.

Kokaji. (Obscure), (C.x vernalis), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô; Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.15: Small size, single, red, japonica form with moire. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kôkaku. (Shining Rule), Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivar of Japan, p.330. Synonym for Shuchûka. The local name for the specific tree of Shuchûka in the Kamo-shrine, Kyôto is called ‘Kôkaku’. Kokarasu. Different reading for Kogarasu.

Kokasuri. (Pretty Colour Patches), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1961, Kyôto Engei Kasubu, Tsubaki Tokushû. No.2, p.47; Painted in Hirayama, Tokuo, (Late 17th century), Tsubaki Byôbu. Different readings: ‘Kotobi’iri’, ‘Shôkasuri’, ‘Shôtobi’iri’.

Kôkechi. (Tie Dyed), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.122: Small, deep red, formal double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kokei. (Pen Name of a Haiku Poet), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.13 as ‘Ko-kei’: Small size, rose-pink, campanulate single. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in the Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.331 with black and white photo; English translation p.230. A natural seedling of Sekitei. Named in 1988 by Hiroshi Ibara after a distinguished disciple of the Haiku poet, Sekitei. Koki. (Celebration at Seventy Years of Age) (C.hybrid) from Ehime Pref,. Tsubaki No.38, Japan Camellia Society, 1999. Seed parent C.hybrid Show Girl, pollen parent C.granthamiana. Peach pink, single, flat, early blooming. Flower shape tends to vary with petals heavily twisted, curved or reflexed as the flower ages. Leaves resembling, but smaller than, those of C.granthamiana. Tree upright growth, vigorous. Originated by Hiroyasu Watanabe in 1996. Kôki (Chûbu). (Glory). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.88 with colour photo; English translation p.59. Small size, red stripes of varying size on pink ground, tubular single, cylindrical stamen column. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves small, elliptic. Upright, vigorous growth. A cross of Shiratama and Chita-tarô-an. Named and released by Minoru Satô in 1962. From Aichi Prefecture. Kôki (Kagawa). (Glory), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinchu, p.213: Peach pink striped with darker pink, single, large, wide campanulate form with thick petals. Leaves large, elliptic, dark green, thick, tending to concave. Apices acuminate. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.278. Mid-season to late flowering. Originated in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.88 with colour photo; English translation p.59. A seedling of ‘Sodekakushi’ (Gauntlettii), raised by a private family in Mure Town. Selected and named by Saneichi Ogawa in 1976.

Kokihiboke. (Dark Hiboke), (C.sasanqua), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Deep red, slender form, medium size. Different reading: ‘Koi-hiboke’. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.81. ‘Hiboke’ was the name of another variety at the time. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) 100

Kokii. van Geert Catalogue, 1845. Orthographic error for Cockii.

Kôkiku-gasane. (Double Red Chrysanthemum), (C.japonica), Itô Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô: Medium size, red, sometimes with white on the petal edges. Double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different readings: ‘Benigiku-kasane’, ‘Beni-kikugasane’, ‘Beni-kikukasane’.

Koki-miyakobeni. (Dark ‘Miyakobeni’), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô. Deep red, large size, widely open. Different reading: ‘Koi-miyakobeni’. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.82. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kokinran. (Ancient Gold Brocade), (C.x vernalis), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô; Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1935-1936, p.26: White with red and pink, small size, single, rough and brushy variegation. Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.12: Lavender pink with white splash. Large single with round petals. Leaves 5.7 cm long x 2.3 cm wide; a triploid variety. See Tanaka et al., 1986, “Cytogenetic Studies on the origin of C.x vernalis”, Journal of the Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, vol.55, No.2, pp.208, 210. Originated in Japan. There are also two C.japonica of this name. Chinese synonym ‘Gujinlan’.

Kokinran. (Ancient Gold Brocade), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1829, Honzô Zufu: Single, white with red streaks. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kokinran. (Ancient Gold Brocade), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki, Irohanayose Irot- suki. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: White spotted red. Large peony form. See colour photos: Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation and Artistic..., p.93; Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.190; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.363; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.350; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.99; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.340.; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.53, description, p.214: Leaves elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, venation slightly impressed, margins minutely crenate-serrulate. Flowers semidouble, loosely wavy, white or pink, striped and dotted deep red (Cardinal red 822/3) with a central, compact mass of big, yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in Kantô area, Japan. Sport: Hakubotan. In England the name is corrupted to ‘Ozoran’.

Kokinranjiro. Izu-Ohshima Hawaii Botanical Gardens List of Plants, 1980 as ‘Kokinranziro’. Syn- onym for Hakubotan.

Kôkirin. (Red Giraffe), (C.sasanqua), Kajitsu-en, 1905, Chabaika Meikan; Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.12 as ‘Ko-kirin’. Bright, deep red. Large semi-double with long, narrow petals. Originated in Japan. There is also a C.japonica with this name.

Kôkirin. (Red Giraffe), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Cardinal red, large size, peony form. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Cardinal red, large, peony form. See colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.28; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.161; Yokoyama et al., 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.113; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.52, description, p.213: Brilliant, deep crimson, medium to large peony form. Leaves broad-ovate to elliptic, apices abruptly acute, Margins serrulate, deep green with prominent venation. Different readings: ‘Kohkirin’, ‘Koukirin’. Originated in the Kantô District, Japan. Sports: Kôkirin-hoshi’iri, Kyôbotan.

Kôkirin-hoshi’iri. (Starred Kôkirin), (C.japonica), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.113, black and white photo: A variegated form of Kôkirin - Cardinal red with spots and stars of white. Originated in Japan. Synonym: ‘Fuirikôkirin’.

Kokitsune. Different reading for Kogitsune.

Kokka. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.5, 215. Synonym for Ariake-no-tsuki.

101 Kokka. (National Pride), (Higo), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.342: Large size, 11-12 cm across with 8-9 red petals, spotted white and a large, central burst of golden stamens. Originated in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Designated as a new Higo variety by the Higo Society in 1978.

Kokonoe. (Nine Fold), (C.sasanqua), Nôkôdai Nôjôhô ed. No.6, p.46, 1974. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kokonoe. (Nine Fold), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.424, 529: Medium size, rose form double, white with crimson flakes and stripes, inner curved petals. See colour photos: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.330; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.336; Katei Gahô, ed. 1984, Chabana Komomi, vol.1, Tsubaki, p.62. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.54, Description, p.214: This variety is most variable in colour and plate on p.86, Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki shows a full crimson, while pl.55, Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai shows a crimson blotched white form. Late blooming. Originated in Kansai, Japan. The original tree is in the precincts of the Hôkyô temple, Kamigyôku, Kyôto. Resembles Goshikichiri-tsubaki. Appeared in the 1967 catalogue of Kanaoka Camellia Nursery.

Kokonoe-nishiki. (‘Kokonoe’ Brocade), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.12: White with a blushed edge. Large single with broad, round petals. Originated in Japan.

Kokôsha. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.140 as ‘Ko-kôsya’ . Synonym: ‘Beniguruma’.

Kokôsya. Different reading for ‘Kokôsha’.

Kokuchinji. (Camellia Valley Temple), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.53, colour photo, p.214, description: Small, blush pink, campanulate single with 5-6 large, emarginate petals about a central stamen mass with orange-gold anthers. Originated in the Chûbu District, Japan as a chance seedling, by Kiraku Sakuragi in 1975. Kokuchinji-yuri. (Lily of Kokuchinji). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.95 with colour photo; English translation p.64. Red tubular single, slender petals, cylindrical stamen cluster, small size. Flowers mid-season. Leaves oblong, medium size, slightly plicate along the midrib. Upright, vigorous growth. A chance seedling of Yuri-tsubaki, originated and released by Haruichi Sakuragi in 1988. From Aichi Prefecture. Kokugyoku. (Black Ball). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.94 with colour photo; English translation p.64. Brownish deep red, tubular single, medium size. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves squarishly round, somewhat large. Fast, spreading growth, sparse branches. A chance seedling of Eiraku, named and released by Shinichi Noguchi in 1988. From Tokyo. Kokuhô. (Black Treasure), (C.japonica), Chinka-en, 1986-1987, Niigata-no-tsubaki, p.1 as a seedling of Konronkoku x Kumasaka. Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.6, A-266: Deep, glossy, dark red, medium size, single of good shape. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.230, colour photo and description: Medium size, dark red, campanulate single of 5 irregular petals and a central stamen column with red filaments, joined for the lower third, and bright yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves deep green, elliptic, margins serrulate. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Resembles Eiraku but darker and larger. Named and released by Tokuji Ôoka in 1973.

Koku-i. (Black Garment), (C.japonica), Katayama, 1957, Tsubaki Ochabana: Large, single, purple black. Mid-season flowering. Originated in Japan.

Kokumoku. (obscure), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.9: Large, double with numerous, small, emarginate, imbricated petals with a few stamens in the centre. The 102 colour of the outer petals is white becoming more blush pink towards the centre. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kokurenai. Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, 1970, p.139. Different reading for Koibeni and ‘Koikô’.

Kokuruh. Hazelwood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues. Corruption for the Japanese name Kokuryû.

Kokuryô. Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1939-1940. Different reading for Kokuryû.

Kokuryo Variegated. Harris’ Longview Nursery Price List, 1955-1956, pp.3,7, as ‘Koku-Ryo Variegated’. Synonym for Kokuryû-shibori.

Kokuryû. (Black Dragon), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki as a dark red anemeone form, medium size. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Dark red, medium size, anemone form. See colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.136; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan. pl.251, p.127, descrip. p.176; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.362, p.156; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989. Nihon no Chinka, p.360, colour photo and description: Leaves elliptic to narrowly elliptic, gradually tapering acuminate, venation impressed, petioles glabrous. Flowers semi-double with anemone centres, dark red. (Currant Red 821/2) Flowers mid-season. Originated in Kantô, Japan. Synonyms: ‘Black Dragon’, ‘Coral Compton’. Different readings: ‘Kokuryuh’, ‘Kokuryô’. Sport: Kokuryû-shibori. Resembles Konronkoku, Kansai-kokuryû. Kokuryû (Kansai). (Black Dragon). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.95 with colour photo; English translation p.64. Large, dark red, anemone to peony form with some white petaloids. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Appeared in the 1967 Catalogue of the Kanaoka Camellia Nursery. Synonym for Kansai-kokuryû. Kokuryû-shibori. (Black Dragon Variegated), (C.japonica), Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: A variegated form of Kokuryû. Dark red blotched white. For colour photo see: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.54. Synonyms: ‘Kokuryo Variegated’, ‘Kokuryu Variegated’, ‘Black Dragon Variegated’, ‘Kokuryû-mon’. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kokuryô-shibori’.

Kokuryu Variegated. Overlook Nursery Catalogue, 1951-1952, p.20, as ‘Kokuryu Var.’. Synonym for Kokuryû-shibori.

Koku-tsubaki. Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû, as synonym for Kuro-tsubaki. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1970, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.139. Kokuyô. (Obsidian). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.95 with colour photo; English translation p.64. Dark red, sake cup-shaped single, medium size. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, large, glossy. Spreading growth, branches somewhat weeping. A cross between C.japonica Kuro-tsubaki and C.chekiangoleosa. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1991. From Osaka. Kokyô. (Meaning obscure), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Yashito, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306: Large, white flower with the corolla well piled up. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kokyô-nishiki. (Brocade of Home), (C.sasanqua), Minagawa, Iza’emon, 1885, Nisshô’en Chabaifu; Nihon Shubyô Catalogue, 1910: Pink with a white centre and deeper pink under the petals. Medium size, semi-double. Originated in Japan. Based on the same characters as ‘Kokyô-no-- nishiki’.

Kokyô-no-nishiki. Yashiroda, 1950. American Camellia Yearbook. Based on same characters as Kokyô-nishiki.

103

Kolack. The Pacific Camellia Society, 1946, Camellia Nomenclature, p.19. Synonym for Woodville Red.

Kollock. Fruitland Nursery Catalogue, 1945-1946, p.25. Synonym for Woodville Red.

Komachi. (Personal Name of Beauty), (C.japonica), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Very large size, single, cardinal red with white spots. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) See JCS, 1983, Tsubaki, No.22, p.134.

Komachi. (Personal Name of Beauty), (C.japonica), Uesa, 1844, Sômoku Benran: Rose pink mottled with white. Large, formal double. Komachi was one of the famous Rokkosen (six poets) of the 9th century and was a woman of great beauty. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Komachi. (Personal Name of Beauty), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.435: Small, white, double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Komachi. (Personal Name of Beauty), (C.japonica), Iwasaki, 1828, Honzô Zufu: Flowers are single and pink with crimson stripes in the centre. Stamens in a central cylinder. Large size. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) See JCS., 1981, Tsubaki, No.20, p.107.

Komachi. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.8, p.4. Synonym for Komachi-tsubaki.

Komachibeni. (Red ‘Komachi’), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: True red, large size, early blooming. see: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, No.5, p.81. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Komachihaku. (White ‘Komachi’), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.12 as ‘Komachi-haku’: Pure white. Large, single with broad petals. Based on the same characters as ‘Komachi-shiro’. Different readings: ‘Komachijiro’, ‘Komachi-shiro’.

Komachi-higo. (Higo Komachi), (Higo), Yoshimura, 1963, List of Higo Camellias, No.8 as ‘Komachi’: A red sport of Nanakomachi. Medium size, 9 cm across, with 5-6 petals and about 150 light yellow, spreading stamens. Originated in Japan.

Komachijiro. Different reading for Komachihaku. Komachi-shibori. (Striped ‘Komachi’). (C.x williamsii). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.288 with colour photo; Large formal double, small red stripes on palest pink ground. Late flowering. Leaves ovate, stiff. Upright growth. A sport from a seedling, C.williamsii x C.japonica. First flowered 1995, named and released in 1996. From Ishikawa Pref., Japan.

Komachi-shiro. Different reading for Komachihaku.

Komachi-tairin. (Beauty Large Flower), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.563: Large, dark red, single with 6-7 large, irregular petals, emarginate, spotted white; large stamen column with white filaments. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Komachi-tsubaki. (Beauty Camellia), (C.japonica), Katayama, 1967, Kyôto Engei Kurabu; Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, N.8, p.37; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.58, colour photo, p.215, description: Medium size, bright red, cup-shaped single of 7-8 rounded, overlapping, slightly fluted petals and a wide, spreading ring of stamens with red filaments and golden anthers. Late flowering. Leaves light to olive green, elliptic to broad-elliptic, apices acuminate, margins shallowly serrate. See Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.8 as ‘Komachi’. Originated in the Kansai area, Japan.

Komahime. (High & Lovely Princess), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.151. colour photo and description: Medium size, dark red to crimson, single of 5 rounded petals, and a central stamen column, with pink filaments, joined for the lower third, large, yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves mid-green, broad-ovate, apices acute, 104 margins serrate. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Discovered and released by Hiroshi Kitagawa in 1978. Different reading: ‘Korai- hime’. Kômai. (Meaning Uncertain). (C.japonica), Nagoya Camellia Society Bulletin, 1994, No.27, colour plate p.7, No.23: A chance seedling of Ezo-nishiki, originated by Dr Funakoshi, Nagoya, Japan.

Large pink single fading to white at bottom of petals. Winter blooming. Moderately fragrant. Komaiko. (Pretty Dancing Children), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.13: Small size, light rose-pink to rose, tubular single. Blooms early to late. Originated in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Tadao Yamaguchi in 1977.

Koma-nishiki. (Korean Brocade), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû in section of different colours on the same branch. Large, red, single with light pink petaloids mixed with yellow anthers, anemone form. Different reading: ‘Kôrai-nishiki’. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1970, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.140. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Synonyms: ‘Koma-tsubaki’, ‘Kôrai-tsubaki’.

Komatsu. (Small Pine), (C.japonica), Kaempfer, 1712, Amoenatatum Exoticarum as ‘Kommatz’. No description. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Koma-tsubaki. Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû. Synonym for Koma-nishiki.

Komatsu-hime. (Princess of Komatsu), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.121, black and white photo: Small, single, deep red, single with 5 large, overlapping petals which sometimes fold over at the side margins, cup shape. Slightly spreading cluster of yellow stamens. Originated in Kanose-chô, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. For colour photo see: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.58. Komatsuhime (Ehime). (Komatsu Princess). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.105 with colour photo; English translation p.71. Small to medium size, pink tubular single with somewhat large-sized stamen cylinder. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, plicate, recurved. Upright to spreading growth. A wild japonica, estimated to be 150 years old, being preserved at a hermitage ruin in Komatsu Town. Named and released by Takamasa Saeki in 1975. From Ehime Prefecture. Komatsuhime (Niigata). (Komatsu Princess). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.105 with colour photo; English translation p.71. Small, pink, sake cup-shaped single with rusticana-like flared stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Cespitose. A cultivar raised by a private family in Higashi-kanbara District. Named and released by Yaichi Kawamura in 1964. From Niigata Prefecture. Komatsukasa. (Small Pine Cone), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.125: Small, dark red, imbricated, incomplete double with a small, stamen cluster. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Komatsugasa’. (Believed extinct.) Komatsu-kurenai. (Red from Komatsu). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.104 with colour photo; English translation p.71. Medium size, peach red, tubular single with cylindrical stamen column. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright growth with dense branches. Selected from natural seedlings found at the garden of Yoshiteru Suge, Komatsu Town. Named and released by Taskeshi Tamaoki in 1990. From Ehime Prefecture. Komatsu-yuri. (Lily of Komatsu). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.72 with colour photo; Medium size, peach red single, cupped petals, tubular stamens. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Chance seedling from Komatsu-machi, Saijo City, Japan. Collected, named and released by Takamasa Saeki in 1970. 105 Kômei. (Fragrance & Clearance) (C.hybrid) from Ehime Pref. Tsubaki No.40, Japan Camellia Society, 2001. Seed parent C.vernalis Egao, pollen parent C.granthamiana. White slightly pinkish, semi-double, medium to large, stamens 180 to 210, filaments yellow, pistil split into three tips, early blooming. Leaves medium, thick, glossy, prominent veins, overall appearance intermediate between those of parents. Originated by Hiroyasu Watanabe in 2000. Komei. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name Kômyô.

Komekô-imasakuraba. (Komekô’s Modern Cherry Leaf), (C.japonica), Aoyama, Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Leaves thin and slender, acuminate at apex. Flower red, single, small size, opens wide. Different reading ‘Komekô-sakuraba’. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.169. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Komekô-shirafu. (Komekô’s White Variegated Leaf), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1828, Sômoku Kinyôshû in the section for white variegated leaves. Komekô is a personal name. Resembles Yamanashide-suishô. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.162. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Komekô-shirahu’.

Komekô-shirahu. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.139. Different reading for Komekô-shirafu.

Komekô-tsubaki. (Komeko’s Camellia), (C.japonica), Aoyama, Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Leaves, round with clear, white variegation. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.159. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kominato. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Huttleston, 1957, List of Camellias at Longwood. Hilsman, 1958, American Camellia Yearbook, p.46. A C.japonica seedling from Kominato, North Honshu, Japan. Late flowering. Collected by Creech.

Komoe. (Small Bud), (C.hybrid), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.144, colour photo and description: Small size, dark red with a purple cast, tubular to vase-shaped single of 5 irregularly shaped petals, some margins curved in; central stamen column with red filaments, joined for lower third, golden anthers. Blooms mid-season. A seedling of Tulip Time x Kochô-- wabisuke. Originated in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

Komomiji. (Dwarf Maple), (C.rusticana), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, in section on double flowers: Medium size, red streaks on white . See: JCS., 1969, Tsubaki, No.7, p.36. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Medium size, white streaked pink, double. See colour pl.: Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation and Artistic..., p.92; Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.6; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.346, p.175, descrip. p.193; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.340; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.58, description, p.215; Leaves elliptic, apices acuminate, venation impressed, margins coarsely serrate; petioles very hairy. Flowers semi-double, white striped rosy red (Carmine 21) or often pink, veined deeper pink and narrowly margined white, or paler pink, or, sometimes self rosy red. Stamens poor and irregular. Blooms mid-season to late. Dense, spreading growth. Different reading: ‘Shômomiji’. Sport: Fukurin-ikkyû. This is a very variable camellia with all the colour sports appearing on the one plant. Originated in the Kantô area, Japan. Chinese synonym ‘Xiaohongye’.

Komorebi. (Sunlight Through Leaves), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.29: Medium to large size, lotus form semi-double, very faint pink, margins and petal reverse red. Blooms mid-season. A seedling of C.japonica Tamatsuyu x C.pitardii var. yunnanica. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan by Kaoru Hagiya. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.105 with colour photo; English translation p.72. Parentage is stated to be C.rusticana ‘Gyokuro’ x C.pitardii var. yunnanica.

Komori-uta. (Lullaby), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Co.Ltd Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.3, A-133, colour photo on front cover: Dark red moired white. Small to medium. Single, tubular to cam-

106 panulate form. Leaves dark green, wide-ovate, coarsely serrate. Vigorous, upright growth. Mid-season blooming. See Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.241. JCS., 1988, Japan Camellia, No.29, p.13, colour photo: Small size, deep red with white blotched, with 5 channelled, slightly emarginate petals; stamens in a central column, pinched in at top, anthers yellow, filaments joined for the lower third, red at base, fading to white at summit. Originated in the Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Tsugio Ôta in 1988.

Komugisama. (A Princess of Ancient Nagasaki), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, ed., 1979, Senchinshû, p.58, colour photo, p.215, description: Small to medium size, fuchsine pink, campanulate single with 5-6 emarginate, overlapping petals. Stamens in a compact, central column with yellow anthers and white filaments. Blooms mid-season. Leaves glossy, bright green, elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic, margins serrate. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.134, colour pl. Selected from wild japonicas in Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan by Kenji Maeda in 1975, released by Kichinosuke Aburatani..

Kômyô. (Bright Hope), (C.japonica), Minagawa Catalogue, 1949: Vermilion red, single, largest. For colour photos see: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.111; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.10, p.42; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.93: Large, vermilion, single of 6-7 petals, large, fluted, flared with irregular, emarginate margins, around a large, spreading stamen group with a long, exposed pistil. Somewhat Higo-like. Leaves broad-ovate to broad-obovate, apices abruptly acute, semi-glossy mid-green, margins crenate-serrulate. Different readings: ‘Kohymoh’, ‘Komei’. See Hertrich, 1959, Camellias in the Huntington Gardens, vol.III, p.103. Similar to Kumagai. Kômyôji-murasaki. (Purple of Kômyôji Temple). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.92 with colour photo; English translation p.62. Medium size, dark purplish red, semi- double to rose form double with thick petals and split stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright growth. A chance seedling of a cultivar in Kankawa Town. Discovered and released by Tetsurô Imayuki in 1977. From Kagawa Prefecture. Kômyôji-otome. (Otome of Kômyôji Temple). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.92 with colour photo; English translation p.62. Small, pink bordered white with white blotches, formal double. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, small, somewhat channelled in the midrib. Upright growth. An old tree survives at a temple in the castle ruin in Kankawa Town. Named and released by Tetsurô Imayuki in 1997. From Kagawa Prefecture. Kômyôtai. (obscure), (C.japonica), Ackerman, W.L. 1971, Genetic & Cytological Studies with Camellia and Related Genera. Technical Bulletin, 1427, USDA., Gov. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., p.115. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kona. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1962, The Camellia Review, vol.23, No.6, p.22: White to unusual greenish white. Sport of Hawaii of the same form. Medium to large size. For another form see Maui. Originated by Hamilton & Clark, Upland, California, USA. See colour pl.93, p.52, Ency- clopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978. Chinese synonym: ‘Kena’.

Kona Benten. (C.japonica), New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, Mar.1991, vol.XVII, No.l, p.47, Reg. No.282: Originated by N.G. Haydon, Papakura, NZ. A foliage and flower sport of Kona, first observed and propagated 1985. White flowers tinged green, anemone form, 8 cm across x 3 cm deep with 12 petals and 160 petaloids. Late flowering. Foliage is mid-green, margined and streaked with gold, leaves irregular in shape, 7.5 cm long x 3 cm wide. Growth habit is average and slow growing. Chinese synonym: ‘Jinbian Kena’.

Konankin. (Small Nankin), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (Before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.279: as ‘Ko- nankin’: Medium size, deep crimson with pink streaks, single with 8-9 irregular, twisted and flared petals. Different reading: ‘Shônankin’. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

107 Kônan-no-akebono. (Dawn in Kônan). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, colour plate 20, p.9, (H3744): A seedling of C.japonica Shikibu x C.chekiangoleosa. Scarlet (RHS.CC.46C), large, cup-shaped single with a heavy group of stamens and petaloids and a protruding style. Early blooming. Habit spreading and sparse. Originated in Japan by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata. Colour photo, ICS Journal, 1995, p.81. Kônan-no-asa. (Morning in Kônan), (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.29: Very large, crimson, anemone form. A seedling of C.japonica Hijirimen x C.chekiangoleosa. Blooms mid-season. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kônan-no-haru. (Spring in Kônan). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, colour plate 14, p.8, (H3707): A seedling of C.japonica Masayoshi x C.chekiangoleosa. Vermilion (RHS.CC.45B), large to very large, rose form double with white stripes on inner petals. Stamens not dense, protruding style. Spring blooming. Habit spreading and relatively sparse. Originated in Niigata Prefecture by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, named and released in 1982. Note: the ICS, Apr.1990, p.29, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, gave Edo-nishiki as the C.japonica parent. Colour photo, ICS Journal, 1995, p.80. Kônan-no-higurashi. (Kônan’s Evening). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.91 with colour photo; English translation p.61. Large, scarlet, lotus-form semi-double, tubular stamen cylinder, calyses remaining until autumn. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, large, thick, recurved. Cespitose, long nodes. A cross between C.japonica Edo-nishiki and C.chekiangoleosa. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata Prefecture, in 1982. Kônan-no-higure. (Sunset in Kônan), (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.29: Large size, scarlet, double with folded centre petals. Blooms mid-season. Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, colour plate 6, p.7 (H3410): A seedling of C.japonica Edo-nishiki x C.chekiangoleosa. Deep red (RHS.CC.51A), semi-double, trumpet shaped. Magnolia-like, pointed petals. Large flowers which tend to hang down. Spring blooming. Habit spreading, pendulous and sparsely branched. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan by Dr Kaoru Hagiya. Colour photo, p.79, ICS Journal, 1995. Kônan-no-ire. (Inlet of Kônan). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, Colour plate 4, p.7 (H3345): A seedling of Ezo-nishiki x C.chekiangoleosa originated by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata, Japan. Deep red (RHS.CC.51A), large, loose peony form with dense filaments. Spring blooming. Habit

spreading and sparsely branched. Colour photo, p.79, ICS Journal, 1995. Kônan-no-kagayaki. (Brilliance of Kônan), (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camllia Cultivar List, p.29: Large size, cinnibar red, striped white on inner petals. Blooms mid-season. Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, Colour plate 5, p.7 (H3330): A seedling of C.japonica Kuro-tsubaki x C.chekiangoleosa. Vermilion (RHS.CC.45B), large, rose form double with white stripes on inner petals and sparse filaments. Spring blooming. Habit spreading and pendulous.Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan by Dr Kaoru Hagiya and released in 1983. Colour photo, p.79, ICS Journal, 1995. Kônan-no-maihime. (Kônan Dancer). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, colour plate 113, p.8 (H3343): A seedling of C.rusticana Hi-no-tori x C.chekiangoleosa originated by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata, Japan: Red (RHS.CC.50B), large to very large, magnolia-like double with white stripes on inner

108 petals. Cylindrical stamen tube and protruding style. Spring blooming. Habit moderately spreading. Colour photo, ICS Journal, 1995, p.80. Kônan-no-migawa. (Kônan Beach). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, colour plate 7, p.7 (H3319): A seedling of C.rusticana Tamatsuyu x C.chekiangoleosa. Vermilion (RHS.CC.51A), large semi- double with sparse red filaments. Spring blooming. Upright habit. Originated by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata, Japan. Colour photo, p.79, ICS Journal, 1995. Kônan-no-mizube. (Kônan Seashore). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, Colour plate 10, p.8 (H4375): Scarlet (RHS.CC.36D), large to very large semi-double to rose form double with sparse stamens and protruding style. Spring blooming. Habit moderately spreading and average branching. A seedling of C.rusticana Tamatsuyu x C.chekiangoleosa, originated by Dr Kaora Hagiya,

Niigata, Japan. Colour photo, p.79, ICS Journal, 1995. Kônan-no-rakujitsu. (Kônan’s Setting Sun), (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.29: Large to very large size, scarlet red with white stripes on inner petals, double. Blooms mid-season to late. A seedling of C.hybrid Virginia W. Cutter x C.chekiangoleosa. Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, colour plate 15, p.9 (H3222): Vermilion (RHS.CC.45C), large to very large double with white stripes on inner petals. Split stamen clustered and protruding style. Spring blooming. Habit upright. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan, by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, named and released in 1982. Colour photo, ICS Journal, 1995, p.81. Kônan-no-sazanami. (Ripples in Kônan). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, Colour plate 9, p.8 (H3446): A seedling of C.japonica Kaonajimi x C.chekiangoleosa originated in Japan by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata: Deep re (RHS.CC.50A), large informal double with white stipes on inner petals. Stamens intermingled with flagged anthers and degenerate style. Early spring

blooming. Spreading habit. Kônan-no-soyokaze. (Gentle Breeze in Kônan), (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.29: Large to very large, double, scarlet with white stripes. A seedling of C.hybrid Virginia W. Cutter x C.chekiangoleosa. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Kônan-no-yanagi. (Kônan Willow). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, colour plate 12, (H3688): A seedling of the C.x williamsii Elegant Beauty x C.chekiangoleosa originated in Japan by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata. Red (RHS.CC.50A), large single trumpet form, with magnolia type pointed petals and massive stamen tube and long, protruding style. Growth habit is spreading, pendulous and sparsely branched. Colour photo, ICS Journal, 1995, p.80. Kônan-no-yûyake. (Evening Glow on Kônan). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Kaoru Hagiya, June 1994, Bulletin of the Seibu Maizuru Botanical Institute, No.8, pp.1-9, colour plate 11, (H3711): A seedling of the C.japonica Scented Treasure x C.chekiangoleosa, originated by Dr Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata, Japan: Scarlet (RHS.CC.46B), large anemone form with double outer petals. Stamens transformed into petaloids and a degenerate pistil. Growth habit moderately spreading and sparsely branching. Colour photo, ICS Journal, 1995, p.80. Konbô-no-tsuki. (Moon above Konbô). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.106 with colour photo; English translation p.72. Small, pale wisteria coloured, tubular single with tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small, recurved. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas growing in Kombô, Nagahama Town. Named and released by Ôzu Camellia Enthusiasts Club in 1975.

109 Kondo Camellia. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.203, p.65. Synonym for Kondôke-no-tsubaki.

Kondohke-no-tsubaki. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Sabai, p.214. Different reading for Kondôke-no-tsubaki.

Kondôke-no-tsubaki. (Kondô’s Camellia), (C.japonica), Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.202, p.65, description, p.214 as ‘Kondohke-no-tsubaki’: Medium size, ball shaped, single crimson with some white markings and stamens divided into 5 fascicles, yellow anthers and filaments. Leaves obovate, mid-green, apices acuminate, margins shallowly serrate. Originated in Japan. Kong Shengren. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr 22nd August 1994. Chinese synonym for the Chinese C.reticulata

Confucius. Previous synonym ‘Kongfuzi’. Kongfuzi. (Mr Kong), (C.reticulata), Gao & Zhuang, Apr.1989, The Camellia in China, p.71, No.515. Chinese synonym for Confucius. Now replaced by the synonym ‘Kong Shengren’. Kongôkai. (Power of Intelligence), (C.sasanqua), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: White, large size, cup-shaped flower. Nihon Shokubutsu Kaisha Ltd. Catalogue, 1912-1913, p.28. No description. Originated in Japan. Kongque Kaiping. (Peacock Display). Wang & Yu, 1989, Camellias, No.80, p.42, colour photo [p.139], erroneously as ‘Kungcyokaiping’. Chinese synonym for the Japanese C.japonica Oniji. Kongque Yupu. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.408; Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Tama Peacock. Kongquechun. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.408; Chinese

synonym for the Japan C.japonica Hakuhan-kujaku. König Johan. (C.japonica), Jean Verschaffelt, 1876-1877, Catalogue No.19. No description. Originated in Germany. (Believed extinct). König von Sachsen. (C.japonica), Seidel, 1846, Pflanzen Catalog, p.8. Originated in Germany. No description. (Believed extinct). Kôninji. (Kôninji Temple). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.91 with colour photo; English translation p.61. Small, red, occasionally blotched white, sake-cup to trumpet- shaped single, tubular stamen cylinder. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, small, flat. Upright growth. An old tree is growing at Kôninji Temple, Takahi Town. Named and released by Ikuo Nishihata in 1970. From Nara Prefecture. Konnô. (Golden King), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.48: Medium size, white with crimson streaks, single with a dominant, golden stamen column. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Konnô. (Golden King), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû: Leaves small size, waved with white variegation. Flower red, double. Resembles Nagashima. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.163. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Konnô-yuriba. (Lily Leaved Camellia from Konnô), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû: Flower is a small single, red, sake-cup shape petals. Leaves like that of a lily, long and lustrous. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different readings: ‘Konnô-yuriha’, ‘Kinô-yuriba’. It appears to be similar to the present day Yuriba.

Konnô-yuriha. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.139. Different reading for Konnô-yuriba.

110 Konoejiro. (Konoe’s White), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.324; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.57, colour photo, p.215: Medium size, single, white with 6-7 overlapping, emarginated petals, wide opening. Stamens a compact column, yellow anthers, creamy filaments. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves lanceolate, semi-glossy mid- green; apices acuminate, recurved; margins shallowly serrate. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.43. Originated in Kansai, Japan. Original tree was found in the late Konoe’s garden in the Outer Garden of Kyoto Imperial Palace. Collected and named by Motoharu Miyazawa in 1970s.

Konomijiro. (Desired White), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.58, colour photo, p.215, description: Small, campanulate single, pure white, with 5 petals, irregular, fluted about a central column of stamens narrowly pinched at the apex, with orange anthers. Leaves lanceolate, deep green; apex acute. Blooms very early to mid-season. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.24. Originated in Kurume, Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan. Resembles Shirokikuzuki. Named and released by Masahiro Koine in 1975.

Kô-no-otome. (Red ‘Otome’), (C.japonica), Uekiya Seijirô, 1874, Tsubaki Hyakuro no Zu, vol.2, No.10: Small to medium size, red, formal double with many small, imbricated petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kô-no-suzume. (Red Sparrow), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.409 as ‘Kônosuzume’: Small, creamy white peony form. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Dif- ferent reading: ‘Kauno-suzume’ in Tomota et al., 1980, Tsubaki, p.146.

Konpira-benkei. (See below), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, p.367; and pl.444, vol.II, p.176, description, p.262: Large size, red, anemone centered semi-double, 13 cm across with two rows of large, rounded outer petals, 13-15 in number and a compact centre of red and white petaloids. Leaves broad-ovate to ovate, apices abrupt acute, margins sharply serrate. Originated in Japan at the Konpira Temple, Kagawa Prefecture. Named and released by Saneichi Ogawa in 1972. “Konpira” = the seaman’s god; “Benkei” is the name of an ancient warrior of Japan. See also colour photo: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.58. Resembles Kokuryû.

Konronguro. Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.30. Different reading for Konronkoku.

Konron Koko. The Fairlight Camellia Nursery Catalogue, 1983. Corruption of Konronkoku.

Konron-jura. Burncoose & Southdown Nursery Catalogue, 1987, p.11. Corruption of Kon- ronkoku.

Konron Joura. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.123. Corruption of the Japanese name Konronkoku.

Konron Koku. Charles Hill Nursery Catalogue, 1980. Different reading for Konronkoku.

Konronkoku. (Kunlong Black), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.12: Dark, purplish red. Large to medium double. Originated in Japan.

Konronkoku. (Kunlong Black), (C.japonica), Minagawa, Chinkashû, 1925, according to Ishikawa, 1966, American Camellia Yearbook, p.74 as ‘Konron-Koku’. Ishii, 1932, Genshoku Shokubutsu Zufu; Minagawa, 1933, Chinkashû; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.276, p.139, description, p.174: Leaves narrowly ovate-elliptic, long acuminate apex, margins remotely crenate. Flowers rose form double to peony form, 9-10 cm across, dark red. (Cardinal Red 822) Petals round, incurved, 11-25, slightly emarginate. Opens with a large bud centre which, when fully mature, opens into a loose ball-shaped centre with a few short stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. This variety has been known interchangeably as Konronkoku and ‘Konronkuro’ which are different readings of the same characters. However as the first transliteration published was Konronkoku in Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1935-1936, p.25, this has been accepted as the prior valid name. There is also a C.sasanqua of the same

111 name. Corruptions of the Japanese name include: ‘Kouronguro’, ‘Konrun Koku’, ‘Kuron-juro’, ‘Kuron Jura’, ‘Konron Joura’, ‘Koron Juro’, ‘Kouron-Jura’, ‘Kurun Jura’, ‘Kunrun Jura’. Synonyms: ‘Black Prince’, ‘Nigra’, ‘Black Boy’. See colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.135; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.390; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.88, as ‘Konronkuro’; Shufu no Tomosha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, p.32; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.59. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.395. Sport: Fuiri-konronkoku. Resembles: Kokuryû. Received an “Award of Merit” from the RHS, 1960 as Konronkoku. Originated in the Kantô area, Japan.

Konronkuro. Different reading of Konronkoku.

Konrun-Koku. Torsanlorenzo Catalogue, 1984-1985. Corruption of the Japanese name Kon- ronkoku.

Konshû. (Deep Blue Autumn), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.205, colour photo and description: Small medium size, deep red, open, vase-shaped single with 5 wide, overlapping, somewhat crinkled petals and a central stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined for the lower third, and yellow anthers. Flowers very early to mid-season. Leaves mid- green, elliptic to broad elliptic, apices acuminate, recurved, margins coarsely serrate. A seedling of the C.japonica Kon-wabisuke. Orignated in the Kantô area, Japan by Saburô Yokoyama, released by Nobuo Sasai in 1989..

Kontani. (Place Name), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.194, colour photo and description: Very small, deep red, tubular to campanulate single with small, yellow stamen column. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves mid-green, elliptic, apices acute, margins bluntly, shallowly serrulate. Originated in Asahi Town, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Mitsuroku Makino in 1980s.

Kon-tsubaki. (Dark Blue Camellia), (C.japonica), Chûbu Tsubaki Kyôkai, 1960, Tsubaki Meikan: Small size, blackish red, double flower. The prefix “Kon” is used for a number of camellias of a deep, blackish red colour. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan.

Kon-wabisuke. (Dark Blue Wabisuke), (C.japonica), McIlhenny, 1937, 600 Varieties of Camellia: Blackish, dark red, single. A member of the C.japonica (Purpurea Group) and very similar to Kuro-wabisuke, by which pseudonym it is known in the Kansai District. Listed by Minagawa, 1962, Chinkashû, in the section on single flowers. Fully described in Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.272, p.137, description, p.173: Leaves small, lanceolate to lanceolate elliptic, long tapering apex. Petioles glabrous. Buds nigrescent. Flowers dark red (Cardinal red 822 to 822/1), single, not so widely opened, ultimately cup-shaped. Mid-season to late flowering, floriferous. Originated in the Hyôgo Prefecture, Japan. Synonyms: ‘Purpurea’, ‘Shikon-wabisuke’, ‘Fuyajo’. See: Encylopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.1; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.60; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.58. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.231. ‘Kuro-tsubaki’ is given as a synonym in Chûbu Tsubaki Kyôkai, 1973, Tsubaki Meikan. Old trees are growing in the Owari District. Considered to be a form of wild japonica. Konyakomachi. (Konya Beauty). (C.japonica), Kurume Camellia, 1997, English translation, p.24. Deep red, small campanulate single. Flowers mid-season.

Konya-wabisuke. (Dyer’s Wabisuke), (Wabisuke), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.11, A-533: Small size, dark red, tubular single. Blooms mid-season. Originated in Japan. The first character for “Kon” = deep blue; Konya = Dyer, especially a dyer of deep blue, which was a very popular colour in ancient Japan; ie “Dyer’s Wabisuke”.

Kon’yô. (Scholar’s Name in Edo Era), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.58. No description. Originated in Japan. Note: Aoki Kon’yo, a famous confucianist and researcher in Dutch and Western culture of the time, who lived in the middle of the Edo Era. 112

Kookia. (C.japonica), Baumann, Mulhouse Nursery Catalogue, 1841-1842, p.14. No description. (Believed extinct.) Koonawarra. (C.williamsii), Camellias Aust., Camellia News, Autumn 2013, p.28 with colour photo; Originated by Caterina Colagiuri, Mount Wilson, NSW. Regn No.667-N; Propagated by Craig Carroll, Mt. Tomah, NSW; Chance seedling which is a second generation C.williamsii. Medium size, single blooms, white to palest pink, with random spots, streaks and stripes of light pink through to red. Central column of stamens with cream filaments and golden anthers.

Kô-otome. Synonym for the C.x hiemalis Hi-otome-sazanka.

Kô-otome. (Red Maiden), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki, as red flower, medium size, early flowering. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Red, medium size, formal double. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.126, p.216; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.267, p.135, description, p.172: Leaves oblong to narrowly obovate-oblong, venation impressed, apices blunt acute, petioles hairy. Flower formal double, rosy red, (Spinel red 0023) with a bud centre. Petals rounded, incurved margins while opening. Originated in Kantô District, Japan. See colour photos: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.51 Orthographic error 213; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.393. Katei Gahô ed., 1984, Chabana Koyomi, vol.1, Tsubaki, p.58. Different reading: ‘Beni-otome’. Synonyms: ‘Hi-otome’ in Kansai, ‘Akaotome’, ‘Otome-hi’, ‘Pink Virgin’, ‘Cheerful’, ‘Virgin Red’, ‘Cheerfulness’. Very similar to, if not the same, as Kô-no-otome.

Kôrai. (Ancient Name for Korea), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1681, Kadan Kômoku, vol.3: Large size, white. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) See JCS., 1965, Tsubaki, No.5, p.5.

Korai-hime. (Korean Princess). Different reading for Komahime.

Kôrai-nishiki. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.140. Different reading for Kôma-nishiki.

Kôrai-tsubaki. Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû. Synonym for Kôma-nishiki.

Kôraku. (See below), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.189, p.96, description, p.145: Leaves broadly elliptic, flat, margins grossly serrate, 6.5-7.7 cm long x 3.2-3.4 cm wide. Flowers tend to be semi-double, dark rose, (Rose opal 022/1), petals 14-20, thick in texture, often with small, erect petals dividing the stamens into 3 or more fascicles, anthers yellow, filaments white to pinkish. Flowers early to mid-season. Originated in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.150. ‘Kôraku’ is an abbreviation for Kôraku-en Park in Okayama City. A seedling of Tarôkaja x Kon-wabisuke. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1980. Kôraku. (Happiness and Pleasure). (Higo). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.93 with colour photo; English translation p.62. Medium size, broad red stripes on white or pink ground, flat single with outspread, circular stamens, filaments yellowish white. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves broadly elliptic. Spreading growth. A new variety of Higo, not yet recognised, as of 1998, by the Higo Camellia Society. From Kumamoto Prefecture. Koranjura. RHS., 1957, The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, No.11, p.121. Corruption of the Japanese name Konronkoku. Kôra-no-musume. (Girl from Kôra). (C.japonica), Kurume Camellia, 1997, English translation, p.8; Pale rose, medium size, trumpet shaped single. Flowers mid-season. Originated by T. Kunitake, Kurume, Japan, named by Y. Toyofuku. Kôrataisha-akayabu. (Red Wild Camellia of Kôrataisha Shrine). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.23; Deep rose, small size, single. A 300 year old tree in Mii- machi, Japan.

Korean Camellia. Yang, 1965, Camellia Varieties of Taiwan. Synonym for Chôsen-tsubaki.

113 Korean Fire. (C.japonica), Camellia Forest Nursery Catalogue, 2008, p.15; Selected from a wild population on islands near the North-South Korea border. Collected by Barry Yinger, Pennsylvania, USA, and named after withstanding temperatures down to -23ºF. Red single flowers early season. Compact with handsome foliage. Korean Snow. (C.japonica). SCCS, Supplementary List, 2014. Medium size, single flower, white with yellow anthers and yellowish filaments. Upright, open growth. Flowers mid-season. Named in 2014 by Camellia Forest, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, from seeds collected in Korea. Kôrei. (C.x vernalis), Sakata et al., Mar.1981, Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture vol.XVII, p.93 as ‘Khôrei’. Sakata & Arisumi 1983, International Camellia Journal, p.22. Synonym: for Gaisen.

Korenge. (Small Lotus Flower), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1: Small, white and glossy flower. Long and slender. Resembles a lotus flower. Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kôri-gasane. (Tiers of Ice), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.16: Large size, white flower, single with wide petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kôrin. (Ancient Artist: Ogata Kôrin), (C.japonica), Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.213 as ‘Kohrin’: Small, white, cup-shaped single. Originated in Chûbu area, Japan. Different reading: ‘Kohrin’. A seedling of Kamogawa. Kôrin. (obscure). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.93 with colour photo; English translation p.63. Small, deep red single, cupped petals, tubular stamen cluster. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves broadly elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. A wild japonica collected at Sarujima Island in Mikawa Bay. Named and released by Minoru Satô in 1975. From Aichi Prefecture. Kôrin. (obscure). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.331 with black and white photo; English translation p.230. Medium size, red single, cup to bowl shaped, cylindrical stamen column. Flowers very early to mid-season.. Leaves elliptic, medium size, curved outwards. Upright growth. A natural seedling of Shiratama. Named by Kaoru Nakao, released by Taneo Okada in 1976. From Osaka. Kôrô. (Red Tower). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.93 with colour photo; English translation p.63. Medium size, crimson semi-double to rose form double. Flowers mid-season. Leaves somewhat large, glossy. Somewhat spreading and weeping branches. A cross of C.japonica Kuro-tsubaki x C.chekiangoleosa. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1991. From Osaka. Kôrogibashi. (Kôrogi Bridge), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.214: Faint peach pink, campanulate single, small to medium size. Early to mid-season flowering. Stamens in a central cylinder. Leaves medium size, oval. Plant habit spreading and vigorous. The original tree is near the Kôrogi Bridge, Yamanaka Onsen (Hot Springs) in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Selected by Tomeko Yano, named and released by Seizô Matsui in 1975. Kôrômu. (Name of a Chinese Novel). (C.chekiangoleosa hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.93 with colour photo; English translation p.63. Medium to large, scarlet, anemone form flower, calyces remaining till autumn. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, large. Spreading growth, weeping branches. A cross of C.japonica Bokuhan x C.chekiangoleosa. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata Prefecture, in 1983. Colour photo, ICS Journal, 1995, p.81. Kôryo. (Red Imperial Tomb), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.29: Small to medium size, crimson, tubular to campanulate single. A seedling of Tulip Time. Originated in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.93,

114 English translation p.62. Parentage is stated to be a cross between ‘Kujaku-tsubaki’ (Hakuhan-kujaku) and Kuro-tsubaki. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1983.

Kôryû. (Red Dragon), (C.hybrid), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List. No description. Originated in the Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.93 with colour photo; English translation p.62. Medium size, red, flat single, yellow stamens in a hemisphere, degenerated anthers. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, clear veins. Spreading growth. A cross between C.reticulata x C.saluenensis Barbara Clark and C.granthamiana. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1980s.

Kosado. (Little Sado), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.133, p.67, colour photo, p.127, description: A very small, wild, snow camellia. Leaves light green, oblong-elliptic, minutely serrulate, venation imressed, 6-10 cm long by 3-6.2 cm wide, petioles 4.5-5.5 mm long, very hairy. Flowers cup-shaped, red, (Claret rose 021) 6 petals. Stamens compact, slightly spreading, anthers yellow, filaments deep cadmium yellow. Flowers mid-season. Origin: Found in the wild on Island of Sado, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kosafdo Wabishun. Inazawa Nurseries Wholesale Catalogue, 1986-1987. Orthographic error for Kosado-wabishin.

Kosado-wabishin. (Little Sado Scraped Anthers), (Wabisuke), Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1982, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.11, pp.107, 109, 111, for botanical drawings, colour photo and description. Ôoka Chinka-en, 1983-1984, Niigata no Tsubaki, p.7 as a new variety. Inazawa Nurseries Wholesale Catalogue, 1986-1987 as ‘Kosafdo Wabishun’: Red. Small, tubular form single with white stamens. Mid-season blooming. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.158, colour photo and description: Small size, red, tubular single of 5 petals and a central cluster of pale yellow stamens. Leaves strong green, broad-ovate, apices blunt-acute, margins obscurely serrate. Originated on Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture. Named by Tokuji Ôoka in 1973, released by Keiichirô Murakawa.

Kosagara. (Small Sagara), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.337: Medium size, red, single, with 6 irregular petals and the centre a mixture of small petaloid anthers and normal anthers. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kosagara. (Small Sagara), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.652: Small, single, deep crimson with 5 long, emarginate petals and the centre a cushion of petaloids and stamens, anemone form. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kosakura. Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1. Different reading for Kozakura.

Kôsaku-shibori. (Personal Name Variegated), (C.japonica), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.114, black and white photo: Medium size, deep pink, streaked and veined pinkish white,10- 11 cm across, 8-9 petals, large emarginate, crinkled, reflexed around a compact, yellow stamen cluster, early flowering. Leaves elliptic, mid-green apices acuminate, margins serrulate, slightly waved. Originated in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. See colour photos: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.361; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.52, description, p.213. Named and released by Susumu Komura in 1940.

Kosazuke-tsubaki. (obscure), (C.japonica), Izu-Oshima Hawaii Botanical Gardens List, 1980 as ‘Kosazukitsubaki’. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kosame-nishiki. (Light Rain Variegated), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: White flower with a pink cast, lotus shape. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.77. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kosciusito. Cannon, 1963, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.18, No.5, p.18. Orthographic error for Kosciusko.

115 Kosciusko. (C.japonica), Camellia Grove Nursery Catalogue, 1954, p.20: Variable single to semi-double, white, medium size, often with ski-like petaloids standing above the stamens. Medium, upright growth, light green leaves. Originated in Australia. Its origin is unknown as it was grown from a cutting obtained in a Sydney florists. Named for Australia’s highest mountain. Orthographic errors: ‘Kosciusito’, ‘Kosciosko’.

Kôsei-bijin. (Kôsei’s Beauty), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.13: Small size, deep red, tubular to campanulate single flower. Blooms mid-seaon to late. Origi- nated in the Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Koseki. (Name of a Nursery). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.100 with colour photo; English translation p.67. Small, vermilion, tubular to trumpet shaped single, cylindrical stamen column. Flowers mid-season-season to late. Leaves oblong, somewhat small and waved. The original tree is growing at Koseki Nursery in Fujieda City. Named and released by Kiichirô Akiyama in 1940. From Shizuoka Prefecture. Kôsen. (Fountain of Filial Piety), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.102, description, p.103, colour photo: Small size, soft pink, single of 6-7 petals, opening wide, saucer shaped, petals broad, overlapping, emarginate, with a slender stamen column, creamy filaments, joined for the lower third and yellow anthers. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves, dark green, broad-ovate, apices abruptly acute, margins finely serrulate. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Kôsen. (Fountain of Filial Piety). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.331; English translation p.230. Small, palest pink, tubular to trumpet shaped single, thick petals, cylindrical stamens. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small, flat. Spreading growth. Unknown parentage, discovered in Kajikawa village, Kita-kanbara District, Hyôgo Prefecture. Named by Yoshitaka Fujii, released by Tokuji Ôoka in 1974. Kôsetsu. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.57. Different reading for Beniyuki. Kôsetsuzan. (Name of Mountain). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.89 with colour photo; English translation p.60. Small, white, cup-shaped single, round petals, cylindrical stamen cluster. Late flowering. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright, vigorous growth. A chance seedling originated and released by Fumio Naitô in 1997. From Aichi Prefecture. Kôsha. (Red Carriage), (C.japonica), Itô Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô: Large size, red, single; opens flat; centre petals half erect; Yashiro, 1842, Kokon Yôrankô & Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859 read this as ‘Beniguruma’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kosha. Different reading for Oguruma.

Koshamu. (Small Shamuro), (C.japonica), Kaempfer, 1712, Amoenitatum Exoticarum as ‘Kosjam’. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kôshi. (Confucius), (C.x vernalis). Synonym for Chirihime.

Kôshi. (Fragrant Purple), (C.japonica), Saitama Botanical Garden Catalogue, 1960. No description. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.52, colour photo, p.213: Medium size, purplish red, campanulate single; deep red with 6 broad, overlapping petals, somewhat irregular. Fragrant. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.168, colour photo and description: Medium size, red, campanulate single. Leaves deep green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins serrate. Originated in Izu Ohshima, Japan. Named and released by Takeo Ogawa in 1969.

Koshi-bijin. (Niigata Beauty), (C.rusticana), Kamo Zenji, 1967, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, p.29-33. Mutation of ‘Rôgetsu’ but petals pale red with red ornamental borders. Origi- nated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. “Koshi” means Niigata Prefecture.

116

Ko-shibori. (Little Dapple), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Round and small in shape. Double, white flower with some red spots. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Koshigoromo. (Old Purple Clothes), (C.japonica), JCS., 1988, Japan Camellia, No.27, p.13, colour photo: Small size, with 5 irregular, emarginate, broad petals of rose, veined violet towards the centre with a broad violet band at the margins. Compact, stamen column with pinched in top, white filaments joined for the lower third, yellow anthers. Flowers early to mid-season. See p.232, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Originated in Matsu’e City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Nitoshi Kaji in 1983.

Koshi Gosh. SCCS., 1947, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature. Corruption of Japanese name Kôshigoshi.

Kôshigoshi. (View Through a Lattice), (C.japonica), McIlhenny, 1941, 700 Varieties of Camellias, p.8: White streaked rose-pink. Large single. Originated in Japan. Corruptions of the Japanese

name: ‘Koshi Gosh’, ‘Koishi Gosh’. Koshihakuruma. (Carriage for Peers), Yashiro, 1841, Koken Yôrankô, vol.306. Synonym for Goshoguruma from the Kadan Chikinshô, 1695. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1960, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.78.

Koshiji. (Old Name of Niigata Province), (C.rusticana), Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties in Japan, p.17: Red. Medium size, single to semi-double with degenerate stamens. Vigorous, compact growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in Japan.

Koshiji-karanishiki. (Niigata’s Chinese Brocade), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.54, Colour photo, p.217, description: Small, campanulate single, pink with colour fading to white at the petal edge, crimson streaks. Leaves mid-green, lanceolate, apices acuminate, strongly recurved. Originated in Toyama, Japan Parentage unknown, named and released by Zenji Kamo in 1974. Similar if not the same, as Kashûkara-nishiki.

Koshiji-yuki. (Niigata Snow), (C.japonica), Tsubaki Hachiboku Sanbokutsuki Meisai, (before 1868): Medium size, single flower, white, with broad red stripes, early flowering. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) See: JCS., 1982, Tsubaki, No.21, p.106.

Koshiji-no-yuki. (Niigata Snow), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama et al., 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.117; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.391; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.54, colour photo, p.214, description: Medium size, 8-9 cm across, ivory white, semi-double with large, rounded, notched petals, widely open 10-11 in number, about a large, spreading stamen cluster, yellow anthers and filaments. Sometimes develops petaloids which envelop the stamens. Leaves dark green, long-elliptic; apices acuminate, margins serrulate, venation impressed. Plant habit vigorous and spreading. Originated in Jô’etsu City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.97 with colour photo; English translation p.65.. Collected and released by Susumu Ishizawa in 1973. Koshikibu. (Name of Ancient Female Poet), (C.japonica), Hamamatsu, 1825, Setsuyô Kikan. No description. It is not certain whether this is a synonym for Tarôkaja or not. Koshikibu. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki – Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.9, pl.22. Synonym for Tarôkaja, a local name in Chôfukuji, Kyôto, Japan.

Koshimino. (Straw Raincoat), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû; Monk Hôrin, 1639, Kakumyôki; Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.624: Red, large size, double with petaloids, corolla convex, some with yellow anthers. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

Koshimino. (Straw Raincoat), C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.504: Large, white, semi-double with crimson stripes and divided, central stamen cluster. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan.

117

Koshimino. (Straw Raincoat), (C.japonica), Uesa, 1844, Sômoku Benran; Nakayama, 1851, Senda’ôden: Snow white, medium to large semi-double, opening flat with radiate stamens turned petaloids, Blooms early. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Koshimino-aka. (Red Straw Raincoat), (C.rusticana), Settsu Raikôyen Co. Catalogue, 1938-1939, p.132: Deep Carmine red, full double to centre. Originated in the Kansai area, Japan. Synonym: ‘Aka -koshimino’.

Koshimino-nishiki. (Variegated Straw Raincoat), (C.rusticana), Settsu Raikôyen Co Catalogue, 1938- 1939, p.13: White with crimson variegation, double to centre. Medium size. Mid-season blooming. Leaves medium size, ovate, margins loosely wavy, curved, green; petioles hirsute. Originated in Kansai, Japan. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.215.

Kôshin. (see below), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.539: Medium size, irregular peony form, part deep crimson, part pale pink with white margins. Originated in Japan. Thought to be the present day Kyôbotan. “Kôshin” is the 7th and 9th zodiac sign. It is the Shinto “day of the Monkey”. (Believed extinct.)

Kôsen-no-ginka. Different reading for Yomi-no-ginka.

Kôshin-no-tomo. (Attendant to the Traveller’s Guardian Deity), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Its blooms follow 7 patterns as follows: 1. Red with the centre full of rich yellow anthers. 2. Red with the petals each margined with white. 3. White with the petals margined with red. 4. Red with the stamens having red filaments. 5. White with white stamens and petaloids with white flags. 6. Half red and half white flower. 7. Red, very small, all stamens degenerate. Generally the flower is a large single to anemone with deeply incised

petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Koshi-no-akebono. (Dawn in Province Koshi), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.102, p.51, colour photo, p.117, description: Leaves rather large, narrowly oblong-elliptic, apex acute, base cuneate, venation impressed, mid-green, margins shallowly serrate, 7.4-9.1 cm long x 3.7-4.8 cm wide, petioles 1.4 cm long, hairy. Flower double, pale pink, (Neyron rose 623/2) with about 5 rows of imbricated petals, 36-44. sparse, irregular stamens with the occasional petaloid. Blooms late. Originated in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

Koshi-no-akebono. (‘Akebono’ from Koshi), (C.japonica), Kamo, Zenji, 1968, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, 55:31: Medium to large size, single, pink coloured. Stamens spread like a Higo. Originated in Toyama Prefecture, Japan as a seedling by Kamo, Zenji. Koshi-no-akebono. (Dawn in Koshi District) (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.148, description, p.149, colour photo: Medium to large size, deep pink, single with 6-7 large, wide, overlapping, emarginate petals opening almost flat, with a central, circular stamen cylinder, white filaments, joined for the lower third, and small, golden anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves mid-green, ovate-oblong, apices abrupt acute, margins serrate. Note: Kanji characters are different from the above. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.97 with colour photo; English translation p.66. Upright, vigorous growth. Named and released by hisako Kamo in 1980s

Koshi-no-benishidare. (Red Pendant from Niigata), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama & Kirino.1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.168, colour photo and description: Small size, red, saucer-shaped single of 5 rounded, slightly emarginate, overlapping petals and a yellow, central stamen cylinder. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves mid-green, elliptic, coarsely serrate. Plant habit willowy and weeping. Selected from wild japonicas in Mitsuke City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Tokuji Ôoka in 1973. Koshinobu. (Little Shinobu), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.639 as ‘Ko- shinobu’: Miniature, dark crimson small size, single, with white spots and compact, central, golden stamen coloumn. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) 118

Koshi-no-fubuki. (Blizzard of Niigata), (C.rusticana), Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan. No description. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.456, p.185: Small, red, tubular to campanulate single. Leaves olive green with a wide, creamy margin, often itself speckled with green and some pale green areas. See p.172, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.55, 214. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan as a mutation of a wild plant.

Koshi-no-goshikitsubaki. (Niigata Five Coloured Camellia), (C.japonica), Kamo, Zenji, 1967, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, p.32: A seedling of Kara-nishiki, pollen parent Rôgetsu, originated by Kamo, Zenji, Niigata, Japan. Flower form is similar to parent, low and wide, petals thick and flat. The various flower colours include: a pale red veined deeper, bordered white, or a self red, or a white with thick red stripes, etc. Early flowering. Synonym: ‘Goshiki-karanishiki’.

Koshi-no-haru. (Spring in Niigata), (C.rusticana), Minagawa, 1956, Chinkashû. No description. See colour photo: Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.205, p.104, description, p.150: Leaves broadly lanceolate-elliptic, apices gradually acuminate, margins strongly serrate; petioles hairy. Flowers widely cup-shaped, semi-double, rosy pink (Neyron rose 623/1), petals narrow, 17-20, inner petals wrinkled. Stamens with orange-yellow filaments dispersed with some small, erect petals and petaloids. Selected from wild snow camellias on Sôgadake Mountains, Unazuki Town, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Shûhô Kirino. “Koshi” is an old name for an area now included in Niigata Prefecture. See also Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.55, LH top, colour photo and p.214.

Koshi-no-hikari. (Light of Niigata), (C.rusticana), Encycopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.29, p.48, colour photo, p.295, description: Medium size, red, single, 9-10 cm across with 5 large, rounded, overlapping, emarginate petals, opening cup-shaped and a prominent, spreading stamen cluster, small, yellow anthers and yellowish filaments. Late blooming. Leaves light green, broad-elliptic, apices tapering acuminate, margins finely serrulate. Petiole hirsute. Originated in Sogatake, Unazaki, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

Koshi-no-heme. Glendoick Gardens, Perth, Catalogue, 1962-1963, p.7. Corruption of the Japanese name Koshi-no-hime.

Koshi-no-hime. (Niigata Princess), (C.rusticana), Minagawa, 1956, Chinkashû: White single. See colour photos: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1973, Garden Life, No.24, p.13; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.55, description, p.214; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.97, p.49, description, p.115: Leaves ovate-oblong to broadly elliptic, venation impressed, thick, dark green, acuminate, margins serrulate, 5.8-6.7 cm long x 2.7-3.2 cm wide; petioles hirsute. Flowers semi-double of palest blush pink with up to 20 petals, (paler than rose-pink 427/3), petals oval, cleft; flower about 8 cm across. Stamens in slightly spreading cluster, orange yellow anthers, creamy filaments. Slight fragrance. Flowers mid-season. Corruption of name: ‘Koshi-no-heme’. Originated in Mitsuke City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Jitarô Nagao in 1956.

Koshi-no-hono’o. (Flame of Niigata), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.55, colour photo, p.214, description as ‘Koshi-no-honoo’: Large size, crimson, tubular single with large, thick petals a little fluted, slender stamen column. Originated in Toyama City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Toyama Snow Camellia Enthusiasts Club in 1980. Different reading: ‘Koshi-no-honoo’.

Koshi-no-honoo. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.55. Different reading for Koshi-no-- hono’o.

Koshi-no-hubuki. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.58. Different reading for Koshi-no-fubuki.

119 Koshi-no-kaori. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.55, centre. Orthographic error for Koshi-no-hikari.

Koshi-no-kaori. (Niigata Incense), (C.x vernalis), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.55, colour photo, p.214, description; JCS, 1987, Japanese Camellia, No.25, p.13, colour photo: A spring blooming sasanqua. A seedling of Umegaka. Base white, campanulate to sake-cup blossoms with a pale, peach pink ground. Small size, 5 slender, separated petals. Like its parent it has a pleasing perfume. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, mid-green, apices acuminate, margins serrulate. Originated in the Toyama Prefecture, Japan as a seedling of Umegae. Named and released by Zenji Kamo in 1980s.

Koshi-no-karako. (Niigata Anemone), (C.rusticana), Izu-Ohshima, Hawaii Botanical Gardens List, 1980 as ‘Koshinokarako’. No description. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Koshi-no-omoinomama. (‘Omoinomama’ from Niigata), (C.rusticana), Kamo Zenji, 1967, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, p.32: Very early flowering, medium size, pure white, with broad and fine red streaks, single form. Various colours appear, ie. pure red, pure white, etc. Originated by Kamo Zenji, Niigata, Prefecture, Japan.

Koshi-no-otome. (Niigata ‘Otome’), (C.rusticana), Hagiya & Ishizawa, Mar.25th, 1968, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.9, pp.56, 57, p.IV, (F) black and white photo: Medium size, 7-8 cm across, formal double with pointed, deep pink petals, about 60 in number, imbricated and sometimes spiral. Leaves ovate, 10-11 cm long. Petiole hirsute. Collected at Kita Kanbara Subprefecture, Niigata Prefecture, Japan in 1958 by Susumu Kitazawa. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya in 1968.. See Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.55, 214. Corruption of the Japanese name: ‘Kosho-no-otome’. Chinese synonym ‘Yue Zhi Yinü. Koshi-no-otome Variegated. (Niigata ‘Otome’ variegated). (C.rusticana). Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.426. A virus variegated form of Koshi-no-otome. Chinese synonym ‘Banyue Zhi Yinü’. Koshi-no-reijin. (Niigata Beauty), (C.japonica), JCS., 1986, Japan Camellia, No.21, p.4, colour photo: Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan, as branch mutation of Jitsugetsu. Dark, peach coloured whorls on a milk-white background, rose form double blossoms, medium size. Flowers mid-season. Plant habit strong and spreading. See p.398, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Corruption of name: ‘Kashi-no-reijin’. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.98 with colour photo; English translation p.66. Stated to be a mutation of Kokonoe. Named and released by Hideyo Katô in 1979.

Koshi-no-sato. (Niigata Village), (C.rusticana), Izu-Ohshima Hawaii Botanical Garden List, 1980 as ‘Koshinosato’. No description. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Koshi-no-shiratama. (Etsu ‘Shiratama”), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1988, 1989, A-33, p.1 with black and white photograph. White tubular shape. A typical ‘Shiratama’ found in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Koshi is the old name for Etsu.

Koshi-no-shiroshidare. (Niigata White Weeper), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.326, p.137, description, p.246: A small, white, single, 4-5 cm across, bell-shaped, 5-6 petals, irregular in length, stamens pale yellow. Leaves broad-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base rounded, mid-green, margins shallow, obscure, crenate. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Koshi-no-sora. (Niigata Sky), (C.rusticana), Izu-Ohshima Hawaii Botanical Gardens List, 1980, as ‘Koshinosora’. No description. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Koshi-no-uta. (Poem of old Aspirations), (C.japonica), ICS, Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.14: No description. Originated in the Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.97 with colour photo; English translation p.66. Small, pink graduating to red at the centre, tubular single cylindrical stamens. Flowers early. Leaves elliptic, medium size. 120 A seedling of Keisei, discovered by Zenji Kamo in 1980s. Named and released by Shôzô Kamo.

Koshi-no-yoso’oi. (Niigata Adornment), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.56, colour photo, p.214, description as ‘Koshi-no-yosooi’: Medium size, blush orchid-pink, formal double with small, rounded, emarginate petals arranged in tiered or star shape. Leaves elliptic, mid-green, apex recurved, acuminate, raised venation, margins obscurely crenate. Synonym: ‘Shimotsuki’. Different reading: ‘Koshi-no-yosooi’. Originated in Fuchû Town, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Mitsuroku Makino in 1970.

Koshi-no-yosooi. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.56. Different reading for Koshi-no-- yoso’oi.

Koshi-no-yuki. (Niigata Snow), (C.rusticana), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô; Kasuya, Kamegorô. 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: White, streaked rose-pink. Medium size, opens wide. Early flowering. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.77. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. (Believed extinct.) Corruption of name: ‘Kosji-no-yuki’.

Koshio. (Small Salt), (C.japonica), Hamamatsu, 1825, Setsuyô Kikan, vol.23, No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Koshiobi. (Waist Sash), (C.japonica), Hamamatsu, 1825, Setsuyô Kikan, vol.23. No description. Origi- nated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Painted on Hirayama, Tokuo’s Tsubaki Byôbû, (Latter 17th Century). See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1961, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.48.

Koshiratama. (Small Shiratama), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1956, Tsubaki no Hinshu to sono Saibai: Small, white, single, opening to a rounded shape. Originated in Japan.

Koshizu. (Koshi Harbour), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.225, colour photo and description: Small size, brilliant crimson, wide campanulate single, with rounded, overlapping, reflexed petals and a central column of stamens with red filaments, joined for the lower third, and gold anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves mid-green with yellow mottles, broad lanceolate, apices tapering, blunt acuminate, margins shallowly serrate. Selected from a wild rusticana population in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Takeo Ogawa in 1979

Koshôgatsu. (Little New Year), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.56, colour photo, p.215, description: Small, white, campanulate single with 5 reflexed, rounded petals and a central column of stamens with yellow anthers and white filaments. Blooms mid-season. Leaves, lanceolate, lustrous, dark green, tapering acuminate, recurved apices, margins serrulate. Originated in the Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan as a seedling of Yûkanji-meigetsu. Named and released by Shûhei Niwa in 1973. See p.53, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka as Koshôgatsu. “Little New Year” is the 15th and 16th days of the first lunar month.

Kôshôji. (Kôshô Temple), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.45, colour photo and description: Small size, white, open vase-shaped single with 7 wide, crinkled, overlapping, emarginate petals and a central stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined for the lower half and yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves dark green, elliptic, apices acuminate, recurved, margins serrate. Original tree is in the precincts of Kôshôji, Fukumitsu-chô, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Hideo Hori in 1980.

Kôshoku. (Red Shoku), (C.japonica), Miyazawa, 1954, Kanshô Jumoku, p.350: Medium size, single, dark red with white spots. Originated in Japan. “Shoku” was the ancient name for the Chinese province of Sichuan.

Kosho No Otome. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Cultivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.123. Corruption of the Japanese name Koshi-no-otome.

121

Koshoro. (Personal Name), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.267, colour photo and description: Medium size, pale pink, fading to palest blush at edge, rare deep pink stripe, wide, campanulate single with 5 broad, rounded, emarginate, reflexed petals and a slender stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined for lower third and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves dark green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins sharply serrate. Originated in a wild population in Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Discovered by Tsukasa Isomoto in 1978, named by Kichinosuke Aburatani. “Koshoro” was the name of a legendary heroine from Hirado City.

Koshû. (Koshô in Autumn). (Wabisuke). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.99 with colour photo; English translation p.67. Small sake cup-shaped single, with large and small stripes of purplish red on white ground. Degenerate stamens. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small to medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. A chance seedling of Kochô- wabisuke, originated by Siichirô Sasai in 1983. From Okayama Prefecture. Kôshu. (Fragrant Ball ) (C.hybrid) from Ehime Pref. Tsubaki No.38, Japan Camellia Society, 1999. Seed parent C.japonica Tama-ikari, pollen parent C.granthamiana. Pink, pale cloudy specks occasionally seen, medium size, flat, early blooming. Leaves resembling, but smaller than, those of C.granthamiana. Tree upright growth, vigorous. Flower shape resembles that of C.granthamiana. Originated by Hiroyasu Watanabe in 1996. Kôshû-aka-yabu. (Wild Red Camellia from Hangzhou). (C.japonica). "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.117. No description. From China. Kosji-no-yuki. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5. Corruption of the Japanese name Koshi-- no-yuki. Kosô (Originator’s pseudonym) (C.reticulata hybrid) from Ibaragi Pref. Japan Camellia No.81, August: 2006. Peach red, lotus form semi-double, cylindrical stamens, diameter 9 cm and depth 6 cm, blooming in March to April, not good under the strong sunlight. A chance seedling of Barbara Clark. First flower seen in 1996. Originated by Kunimitu Suzuki. Kosodesoga. (Small Sleeve of Soga), (C.japonica), Himuro, 1982, Murasuzume: Light pink, semi-double, medium size. Originated in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Kosouth. Auguste van Geert, 1848, Catalogue, No.36, p.39. Orthographic error for Kossuth.

Kossout. Luzzatti Catalogue, 1853. Orthographic error for Kossuth.

Kossouth. Monique Peer, 1957, American Camellia Yearbook, p.252. Orthographic error for Kos- suth.

Kossut. Jules Menoreau, Nantes Nursery Catalogue, 1886, p.12. Orthographic error for Kossuth. Kossut Lajos. Catalogo della Stablimento Agrario-Botanico de Castagnola e Casabono, 1867- 1868. Orthographic error for Kossuth.

Kossuth. (C.japonica), Ambroise Verschaffelt, 1853, Catalogue, p.19. No description. Franchetti, 1855, Collezione di Camelie, p.38: Of average size, rounded petals, dark red with wide, white stripes; imbricated. Verschaffelt, 1857, Nouvelle Iconographie, Book III, pl.IV: The amplitude of its outer petals is remarkable, they grow smaller towards the centre, where their form is more or less regular. They are of a beautiful pink, edged and striped with white. A peony form originated by Count B. Lechi, Brescia, Italy. Orthographic errors: ‘Kossout’, ‘Kossouth’, ‘Koussout’, ‘Generale Hossout’, ‘Kossut’, ‘Kosouth’, ‘Kossut Lajos’. Synonym: ‘General Kossuth’.

Kosuga-Shibori. Vanderbilt, 1940, Camellia Research, p.5. Corruption of Japanese name Kasuga- shibori.

122 Kosugata. (Pretty Shape), (C.hybrid), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.153, colour photo and description: Small size, pink with deep pink margins with colour reduced to faint pink at the flower centre, single with 5 broad petals with incurved lateral margins on some petals, and a short, central stamen cluster with yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season. Leaves shining, bright green, obovate, apices acuminate, margins serrate. Originated in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. A seedling of Tulip Time. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1982.

Kosunago-fu. (Old Sanded Cloth), (C.japonica), Aoyama Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Speckled, long, narrow leaves. Flowers single, brownish red. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No,7, p.167. Originated in Japan. Different reading ‘Ko-sunago-hu’. (Believed extinct.)

Ko-sunago-hu. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.140. Different reading for Kosunago-fu.

Kosuzume. (Small Sparrow), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.136, p.68, colour photo, p.128, description: Leaves light green, thin, oblong-elliptic to broadly elliptic, margins obscurely denticulate, 8.1-11.2 cm long x 2.9-5.2 cm wide; petioles very hairy, 5.5-8 mm long. Flowers small size, single, broadly cup-shaped, single, 3.5-6.4 cm in diameter, rosy pink (Delft rose 020). Petals 5-6, manifestly bilobate, wavy. Stamens short, cadmium yellow. Flowers midseason to late. Collected from the wild in Yatsu’o City, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

Kô-sya. Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.58, as ‘Ko-sya’. Ortho- graphic error for ‘Kokôsha’, synonym for Beniguruma.

Kotarô. (Personal Male Name), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.131, colour photo and description: Small to medium size, pink, cup-shaped single with 5 crinkled petals and central stamen column with white filaments joined for the lower half and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves darkish green, broad ovate, apices blunt acute, margins sharply, coarsely serrate. A seedling of ‘Engei-tarô’an’ (Tarô’an). Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. Originated and released by Kazunori Sugimura in 1985.

Kotchajime. Gentry, 1975, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.30. Corruption of the Japanese name Kotohajime. Kôtei. (Emperor of Fragrance). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.331; English translation p.230. Medium size, purplish red, sake cup-shaped single, fragrant, cylindrical stamen column. Leaves broadly elliptic, medium size. Upright growth, cold hardy. A cross between C.japonica Kôshi and C.hongkongensis. Originated and released by Yoshiomi Murata in 1985. From Kanagawa Prefecture. Kôten. (Red Sky), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.52, colour photo, p.213, description: Medium size, crimson, single with large, crinkled petals and a large, spreading stamen cluster. Leaves broad-elliptic with a short acute apex, serrulate margins and coloured midgreen. A chance seedling originated and released by Kiraku Sakuragi in 1975.

Kothojimi. Donnan, 1984, SCCS., The Camellia Review, vol.46, No.2, p.16. Corruption of the Japanese name Kotohajime.

Kotobuki. (Long Life), (C.japonica), Satô, 1973, Chûbu Tsubaki Kyôkai; Tsubaki Meikan: Flowers mid- season. Leaves wide-ovate, sharp apex, keeled midrib, dark green, shallow serrations. Flower shape resembles Tamagasumi. See colour photo: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.56, description, p.215: Medium size, campanulate single of 5-6 petals, large, overlapping with tips curved inwards; pink densely peppered, dotted and ticked crimson. Blooms early to mid-seasom. See p.279, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. A seedling of Tarô’an x (Mado-no-tsuki x Benimyôrenji). Originated in the Chûbu District, Japan. Named and released by Minoru Satô in 1968.

123 Kotobuki-hime. (Long Life Princess), (C.japonica), Izu-Ohshima Hawaii Botanical Gardens List, 1980 as ‘Kotobukihime’. No description. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.108: Flower, single, soft, blush pink, small size, campanulate form with stamens in compact cylinder. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves dark green, ovate, recurved. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan as a chance seedling of unknown parentage, originated and named by Fumio Naitô in 1980.

Kotobuki-wabisuke. (Long Life Wabisuke), (Wabisuke), JCS., 1987, Japanese Camellia, No.23, p.4, colour photo. Originated by a chance seed of Tarôkaja by Ogawa, Takeo, Izu Ôshima, Tokyo, Japan. The flower has red graduations on a light pink ground; small, single, open campanulate blooms; fragrant. Early flowering. Stamens inclined to be retrogressive. See: Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.112.

Kotogaura. (Harp Bay), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.56, description, p.215: Large, deep pink, single with irregular, lobed and veined petals and a spreading centre of pink and white petaloids mixed with stamens, anemone form. Leaves elliptic, small. Plant habit dwarfish. An old variety, originated in the Kansai District, Japan.

Kotogi. Vanderbilt, 1941, Camellia Research, II, p.4. Corruption of the Japanese name Kôtokuji.

Kotohajime. (see below), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.50, p.25, colour photo, p.100, description as ‘Koto-hajime’: Leaves small, dark green, broadly elliptic, with the apex recurved, acute; thin, raised venation, margins crenate-denticulate, 6.3-7.3 cm long x 2.8-3.5 cm wide; petioles green and hairy. Flowers white, anemone centered double, with outer petals, 812; inner incurved petals, 34-103 and 14-15 petaloids, shaded pale yellow to pinkish yellow at the base. Stamens few with creamy filaments. Flowers early to mid-season. May be a synonym for Shirokarako. Originated in the Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Corruptions of the Japanese name: ‘Kotchajime’, ‘Kothojimi’. The name refers to 13th December, the day for beginning customary business for the new year and indicates its early flowering.

Kotohime. (Princess of Japanese Harp), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.310, colour photo, p.244, description: Small, cup-shaped single, pale pink with 7-8 overlapping petals and a compact, central group of stamens of varying lengths. Blooms very early to mid-season. Leaves bright green, abruptly acute, serrulate. See p.92, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. See also: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.57. Originated in Chûbu District, Japan; its name was changed from ‘Shungetsu’ in 1975. A chance seedling of unknown parentage, originated and named by Haruichi Sakuragi in 1965.

Kotohirakô. (Kotohira’s Red), (C.x vernalis), Takana et al., 1986, Journal of Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 55(2) :208. A tetraploid cultivar of C.x vernalis from Japan. Deep red, small size, single. Provisional name for Gaisen. Different reading ‘Kotohiraben’.

Kotohirabeni. Sakata et al., Mar.1981, “Studies in the flower colour of the Camellia. II.” Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, vol.XVII, p.93. Different reading ‘Kotohirakô’. Synonym for Gaisen.

Kotoji. (See note), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.204, colour photo and description: Large size, deep red, saucer-shaped single with 6-7 wide, emarginate, overlapping, somewhat crinkled petals and a central stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined for the lower quarter and yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves deep green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins serrate. Originated in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Note: Its name was taken from the historic garden lantern (Tôrô) in Kenroku Park, Kanazawa City, which was called “Kotoji Tôrô”. The original tree grows in this park. Named and released by Hisanao Nishimura in 1982.

Kôtokuji. (Kôtoku Temple), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1681, Kadan Kômoku: Red spotted with white. Full double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

124 Kotomusume. (Girl Harpist), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.57, colour photo, p.215, description: Medium size, red, single of cupped form, 5-6 petals, with central, stamen column, golden anthers, pinkish filaments. Leaves elliptic, green, apex acute, base cuneate, margins shallowly serrulate. Selected from a wild japonica community in the precincts of Konpira Shrine in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Saneichi Koyama in 1972. Koto-no-ka. (Fragrance of Harp). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.103 with colour photo; English translation p.70. Medium size, pink, tubular to trumpet shaped single with cylindrical stamen cluster. Flowers mid-season. Leaves narrowly elliptic, medium size, somewhat waved. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from the wild japonica community in the precincts of Konpirs Shrine. Named and released by Saneichi Koyama in 1972. From Kagawa Prefecture. Koto-no-kaori. (Perfume of Ancient Capitol). (C.lutchuensis hybrid). Chinka-en, Niigata, Mail Order Catalogue, 1990-1991, No.161, p.8: Aki-no-engei Mail Order Catalogue for Autumn; Kairô- en Ltd, Kawaguchi, Saitama Prefecture, 1995, p.29, colour pl.: Small, campanulate single of 6-7 petals. Red with tubular stamens; rich fragrance. A seedling of C.japonica Tôkai x C.lutchuensis. Named by Tokuji Ôoka in 1977, released by Kaoru Hagiya. From Niigata

prefecture, Japan. Koto-no-ura. (Harp Bay), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.58. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kotozute. (Parting Remark), (C.japonica), JCS., 1973, Tsubaki, No.12, pl.24, p.6, description, p.14: Large, pink, semi-double of 4-5 petal rows, with red streaks, outer petals rounded, emarginate, inner petals semi-erect, crinkled. A somewhat irregular stamen column. Flowers mid-season. Leaves shiny green, broad-ovate, wavy, apex blunt acute, margins shallowly serrate. A seedling of Juraku, originated by Nakamura, Totsurô in Tokyo, Japan. See also: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.56.

Ko-tsubaki. (Dwarf Camellia), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki. Also painted in the Hirayama Tsubaki Byôbu, (latter 17th Century); see: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1961, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.2, p.48. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: White spotted pink, medium size, semi-double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Ko-tsubaki. Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.6 as a Japanese group name for C.sasanqua.

Ko-tsubaki-sashimaze. (see below), (Wabisuke), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.287: Miniature, tubular, red, single with white spots. Originated in Japan. “Ko-tsubaki” = small Camellia and “sashimaze” = text written with a finger. This is probably a synonym for Kochô-wabisuke. See Heibonsha, Tomita et al., 1980, Tsubaki, p.142.

Ko-tsubaki-sen’e. (Small Camellia 1000-fold), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.233: Small, dark crimson, rose form double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kotsubo. (Small Pot), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.174, colour photo and description: Small size, deep red, campanulate single with 5 irregular, emarginate petals and a central stamen column with reddish filaments, joined for the lower half, yellow anthers with protruding style. Blooms mid-season to late, Leaves dark green, broad-elliptic, apices acute, margins shallowly serrate. Selected from wild japonicas in the Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1965.

Kotsuzumi. (Small Drum), (C.x vernalis), Tanaka et al., 1986, Journal of the Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 55(2):208. A triploid cultivar of C.x vernalis from Japan. JCS., 1988, Tsubaki, No.26, p.50: Flower single, peach red, small size. Discovered by Tsuyoshi

125 Matsumura and Yatsuhiro Maeda in Inasa Town, Shizuoka Prefecture in 1977, named by Yamasaki and Hakoda.

Kôuemon-tsubaki. (Kô’emon’s Camellia), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû, vol.5 in the section on white variegated leaves. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kô’emon-tsubaki’. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.163. Kô’emon was a person who lived at Kinobe, Ikeda-shi, Ôsaka.

Koukirin. Different reading for Kôkirin.

Kô-un. (Cloud of Perfume), (C.japonica), Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.213 as ‘Kohun’: Medium size, peach pink, single, tubular to bowl-shaped blossoms. Mid-season blooming. Fragrant. Large stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined for the lower third, yellow anthers. Leaves elliptic to broad-elliptic, broad, glabrous, apices blunt acute, margins serrate. see p.83, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka as ‘Kôun’. Originated with a private family in Ôta City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Yoshiaki Andoh in 1970. Different readings: ‘Kohun’. Kôun (Personal name) (C.japonica) from Ibaragi Pref, Japan Camellia No.81, August 2006: White peony form double, large to very large, blooming in March to April. Leaves lanceolate, medium. Named for an acquaintance of the originator. Parents unknown. First flower seen in

2004. Found and named by Kumimitsu Suzuki. Koura-wabishin. (Koura Scraped Stamens), (C.japonica), JCS., 1988, Japan Camellia, No.28, p.13 with colour photo: Miniature single, red of 5 irregular petals, long, channelled, notched and a small, compact centre of stamens, white, retrogressive anthers and filaments. Leaves dark green, long-elliptic, widely, shallowly serrate. Originated in Gotô Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

Kouron-Jura. RHS., 1961, The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, No.15, black and white photo, Fig.49, facing p.121; 124 Award of Merit. Corruption of the Japanese name Konronkoku.

Kouron Juro. Charles Hill Nursery Catalogue, 1975-1976. Corruption of the Japanese name Konronkoku.

Koussout. Medici Spada, 1857, Catalogo nel Giardino a Villa Quiete, p.12. Orthographic error for Kossuth. Kôwakamai. (Dance of Kôwaka). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.93 with colour photo; English translation p.63. Medium size, pale pink changing to white, lotus form with central petaloids, fragrant. Flowers mid-season. Leaves broadly elliptic, medium size. Spreading growth. A cross between C.rusticana ‘Gyokuro’ x C.vietnamensis. Named and released by Kaoru Hagiya, Niigata Prefecture, in 1981. Kowei. Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1936-1937. Different reading for Kô-ei.

Kowei Red. McIlhenny Catalogue, 1945-1946. Synonym for Moshio.

Kowgoyoku. Nuccios Nurseries Catalogue, 1955, p.19. Corruption of Japanese name Kôgyoku.

Kowgyoku. McIlhenny, 1937, 600 Varieties of Camellias. Different reading for Kôgyoku.

Kow Oi. Hazlewood & Jessep, 1972, Checklist - Camellia Culivars from Nursery Catalogues, p.124. Corruption of the Japanese name Kô-ei. Koyabu. (C.japonica) Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. From Yamaguchi Pref.

126 Kôyakomachi. (Kôya Beauty), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.53, colour photo, p.214, description: Very small size, red, cup-shaped single, with a central, stamen column with large, yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season. Originated in Chûbu area, Japan. Kôya-komachi. (Dyer’s Komachi). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.92 with colour photo; English translation p.62. Miniature, deep red, tubular to trumpet shaped single, tubular stamen cluster. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas growing at Kagamihara in Gifu Prefecture, discovered

and named by Hiroshige Hayakawa, Aichi Prefecture, in 1971. Koyanagi. (Little Willow), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Medium size, white flower, convex in shape. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Koya-no-ike. (Cottage by the Pond), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: Light pink, large size, semi-double, striped and dotted with white, occasionally with red streaks. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Koya-no-tomoshibi. (Dyer’s Light), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989. Nihon no Chinka, p.91, colour photo and description: Medium size, soft pink, wide, vase-shaped single of 6 petals of irregular size and a central stamen cylinder with ivory filaments, joined for the lower half, and yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves dark green, lanceolate, apices tapering acuminate, margins serrate. A seedling of Meigetsu. Originated in Yonago City, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

Kôyasan. (Mount Kôya), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630. Hyakuchinshû: Large, white, formal double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kôyasan. (Mount Kôya), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Flowers red, semi-double, with 3 rows of petals, stamens spread like a tea whisk. (Higo form). Origi- nated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) “Kôyasan” is Buddhism’s famous religious mountain in Wakayama Prefecture.

Kôyô. (Facing the Sun), (C.japonica), Shufu no Tomo-sha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, inside back cover, colour photo: Medium size, dark red, single, cup-shaped, with 5 irregular petals and a central, spreading cluster of stamens with golden anthers. Originated in Japan.

Koyoden. (Unknown), (C.japonica), RHS., 1968, The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, No.22, p.19 in “Camellias at Windsor” by T.E. Findlay in plants received from the Japanese collection of Sir James Horlick. No description.

Kozaka-no-honoho. ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.14. Different reading for Kozaka-no-hono’o.

Kozaka-no-hono’o. (Blaze on a Hill), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.14 as ‘Kozaka-no-honoho’: Very small size, vivid red, tubular, single, Late blooming. Originated in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.

Kozakura. (Small Cherry), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Small, cherry coloured semi-double. This is a different cultivar to the present one of this name. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kozakura. (Small Cherry), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol .I, 1972, pl.325, p.144; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.54, description, p.214: Medium to small size, semidouble of pinkish white, variously marked and streaked with rose-pink. The centre consists of a few stamens and 3 or 4 small, erect petals and petaloids. Leaves dark green, elliptic, apex acuminate, margins serrulate. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kosakura’. The original tree has long been cultivated in the precincts of the Buddhist

127 Temple, Reikanji, Sakyo-ku, Kyôto. Synonyms: ‘Reikanji-kozakura’ and ‘Kozakura-Reikanji’.

Kozakura-Reikanji. (The Reikan Temple Small Cherry), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.372, p.189, description, p.200: Leaves ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic with a long, acuminate apex and crenate-serrulate margins. Flowers double, not so widely opened, filled with comparatively large, inner petals, white or pale pink, striped rosy pink (Spinel pink 0625/1). It has long been cultivated in the Buddhist Temple Reikan, Kyôto, Japan. Different reading: ‘Reikanji-kozakura’. The name Kozakura is now recognised as the valid name and ‘Kozakura-Reikanji’ is a synonym.

Kôzan. (Mountain’s Name), (C.rusticana), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.59. No description. Originated in Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.89 with colour photo; English translation p.60. White tubular single, tubular stamen cluster. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. A seedling of Shûfûraku. Originated and released by Minoru Satô in 1978.

Kozan-no-tsuki. (Moon above Kozan), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.54, colour photo, p.214, description: Small size, white, single, opening cup-shaped, 5-6 large, overlapping, rounded petals, slightly emarginate; bold, centre stamen column, yellow anthers, pale yellow filaments. Occasionally variegated flowers appear. Leaves mid-green, elliptic with acuminate apex, margins shallowly serrate. Originated in Angyo, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Kozome. (Dark Dyed), (C.japonica), Himuro, 1982, Murasuzume: Deep pink, double. Stamens intermingled with the petals. A seedling of Kariginu. Originated in Japan. Kôzu-no-akebono. (Kôzu Akebono). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.90 with colour photo; English translation p.60 Medium size, pink semi-double, thick glossy petals, tubular to split stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, small, thin, recurved. A chance seedling raised by a private family in Shido Town, discovered by Tetsurô Imayuki in 1997, named by Naoyuki Uemura. From Kagawa Prefecture. Kôzu-no-yuki. (Snow in Kôzu). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.90 with colour photo; English translation p.60. Large, changing to white, semi-double with thick petals, wrinkled and crinkled, tubular to split stamens. Leaves elliptic, small, recurved. Upright growth. An old camellia in Shido Town, discovered by Tetsurô Imayuki, named by Naoyuki Uemura, released by the Kagawa Branch of the JCS in 1997. From Kagawa Prefecture. Kozuru. (Baby Crane). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.102 with colour photo; English translation p.69. Small, pink shading to white at the centre, tubular to bowl shaped single with tubular stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, small recurved. A cross between Sasameyuki and ‘Shûran’, originated by Tadao Yamaguchi, named and released by Tokio Hara in 1995. Naming is related to the place of origin, ‘Tsurugi, which literally means the place where cranes visit. From Ishikawa Prefecture. Kôzu-tsubaki. (Kôzu Camellia), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.375, p.159, colour photo, p.347, description: Large size, full peony form, deep pink, sometimes with some white petaloids, 11-12 cm across, 50-60 petals, outer large, reflexed; inner small, erect, twisted. Leaves mid-green, lanceolate, acuminate, margins shallowly serrate. Originated in Japan. “Kôzu” is a place in the Kagawa Prefecture, Shikoku Island. Selected and released by Saneichi Ogawa in 1972 from old camellias raised by a private family in Shido Town. Kozutsumi. (Small Shoulder Drum). (C.x vernalis). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.308 with colour photo; Miniature, peach red single. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves narrowly elliptic, small. Upright somewhat vigorous growth with

128 dense branching. A Wabisuke type C.vernalis found by Takeshi Matsumura and Katsuhiro

Maeda in Inasa Town, Shizuoka Pref., Japan in 1977, named by Yamasaki. Kramer’s Beauty. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1981, p.101, Reg. No.1699: A medium to large, vibrant red, full peony form, C.japonica chance seedling of Kramer’s Supreme, originated by Kramer Bros. Nursery, Upland, California, USA. Blooms are fragrant and growth is vigorous, compact and upright. Flowers mid-season. Chinese synonym ‘Keruimo Nühai’.

Kramer’s Blush. Cannon, 1966, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.21, No.1. (advert). No description. No valid publication located.

Kramer’s Delight. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1981, p.101, Reg. No.1700 A large size, rose-pink, full peony form C.japonica chance seedling of Kramer’s Supreme, originated by Kramers Bros. Nursery, Upland, California, USA. Blooms are fragrant. Flowers mid-season. Plant growth is vigorous, compact and upright.

Kramer’s Fluted Coral. (C.saluenensis hybrid), SCCS., 1984, Camellia Nomenclature, p.140: Light coral pink to darker coral on margins. Miniature to small semi-double to double with fluted petals. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in USA by Kramer Bros. Nursery, Upland, California. Sport: Kramer’s Fluted Coral Variegated. Chinese synonym ‘Aoban Shanhu’.

Kramer’s Fluted Coral Variegated. (C.saluenensis, hybr.), SCCS, 1990, Camellia Nomenclature, p.150 as ‘Kramer’s Fluted Coral Var.’: A virus variegated form of Kramer’s Fluted Coral - Coral and white. Originated at Kramer’s Nursery, Upland, California, USA. Chinese synonym ‘Caidi Shanhu’, later changed to ‘Hua Aoban Shanhu’.

Kramer’s Picotee. Cannon, 1969, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.24, No.1, (advert). No description. No valid publication located.

Kramer’s Supreme. (C.japonica), Wylam, 1957, American Camellia Yearbook, p.27: A striking seedling raised by Mr August Kramer of Kramer Bros. Nurseries, Upland, California, USA. This was named Kramer’s Supreme (Plant Patent #1583). The peony form flowers are large, full and bright red and the strong growing habit produced a well shaped plant, fragrant. Mid-season flowering. This cultivar has received the following awards: 1956. The Frank Williams Award from the SCCS. 1958. The Margarete Hertrich Award from the SCCS. 1978. The William E. Woodroof Camellia Hall of Fame Award, SCCS. For colour photos see: 1957, American Camellia Yearbook, facing p.144. 1981, Macoboy, The Colour Dictionary of Camellias, p.98. It was registered with the ACS, 1983, Reg. No.1877. Sports: Cucamonga, Kramer’s Supreme Variegated. Orthographic error: ‘Krammer’s Supreme’. Chinese synonym: Keruimo Damudan’.

Kramer’s Supreme Variegated. (C.japonica), SCCS, 1966, Camellia Nomenclature, p.76 as ‘Kramer’s Supreme Var.’: A virus variegated form of Kramer’s Supreme - Bright red, blotched white. Originated by Kramers Bros Nursery, Upland, California, USA. Registration No.1878 with ACS.

Krammer’s Supreme. Quaymont Ltd. Nursery Catalogue, 1985-1986. Orthographic error for Kramer’s Supreme. Kranenflamme. (C.japonica). An 11 year old seedlng of Uchû-no-hikari, first flowered 2010, pollen parent unknown. Originated by Dr Karl-Heinze Huebbers, Kranenburg, Germany, registered by Julia Westhoff, Bremen. To be introduced 2015 by W. Eberts, Tangstedt. Plant is upright and bushy, with medium growth rate. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves are flat, slightly twisted, oval, dark green, 9 cm x 5 cm. Flower is a wide open semidouble with 6-8 petals, 8- 10 cm diameter x 3 cm deep. Base colour is white shaded and spotted with pink, and with prominent radial stripes and patches of red. Stamens slightly sprayed, with yellow anthers and white filaments.

129 Kranenkreation. (C.hybrid), A 13 year old seedling of Mary Phoebe Taylor, first flowered 2007, pollen parent unknown. Originated by Dr Karl-Heinze Huebbers, Kranenburg, Germany, registered by Julia Westhoff, Bremen. To be introduced 2016 by W. Eberts, Tangstedt. Plant is upright, bushy, with medium growth rate. Flowers midseason to late. Leaves are mid-green, flat, slightly twisted, 10 cm x 4 cm. Flowers semidouble to loose peony with 20 petals and a small number of petaloids. Colour a strong pink, 10-12 cm diameter x 4.5 cm deep. Stamens tubular to sparse among petaloids, anthers yellow, filaments white.

Krazy Kat. (C.japonica), Gentry, 1973, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.28, No.4, p.28. No description. No valid listing located.

Kreena. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1952, black and white photo facing p.186: A brilliant single, red, of 7 petals and a prominent cylinder of stamens. Originated in USA by Smythe Nurseries, Ross, California, USA. Orthographic error ‘Krena’.

Krena. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Orthographic error for Kreena. Kristie Wilson. (C.reticulata hybrid). ACRS, Camellia News, 1998, No.147, p.13, colour photo p.19, Reg. No.507. Originated by J. & P. Wilson, Figtree, NSW, Australia. A chance seedling from C.reticulata Damanao (‘Cornelian’), pollen parent unknown. First flowered 1985. A deep pink (RHS.CC.61B – 58D) informal double of 35 petals, 15 cm diameter x 8 cm deep, which appears mid-season to late on a dense upright plant of medium growth. Leaves green, glossy, flat, lightly veined, fine serrations, apex cuspidate, 10 cm long x 5 cm wide. Petals fluted, some petaloids. Free flowering. Vibrant colour shading to white in centre. Kristin Woodroof. (C.japonica), Nuccio’s Nurseries Catalogue, 1966: Large, pink, semi-double. American Camellia Yearbook, 1968, p.132, Reg. No.986: A 9 year old chance seedling of ‘Reg Ragland’ that first bloomed 1962. Originated by W.E. Woodroof, Sherman Oaks, California, USA. Plant growth is upright and dense with light green leaves, 10 cm x 6 cm. The semi-double flower, similar to Frizzle White, is 12.5 cm across. Clear, jewel pink. Blooms mid-season. Sport: Kristin Woodroof Variegated.

Kristin Woodroof Variegated. (C.japonica), Gentry, 1967, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.22, No.5, p.28 as ‘Kristin Woodroof V.’: A virus variegated form of Kristin Woodroof - Jewel pink, blotched with white. Originated in USA.

Kristy Piet. (C.japonica), SCCS., 1986, The Camellia Review, vol.48, No.2, p.7: Chance C.japonica seedling, very full, white, formal double, 4-5 cm across, with occasional pink specks and streaks. Originated in USA by Meyer Piet and Lee Gaeta, California.

Kristy Rivett. SCCS., 1984, Camellia Nomenclature, p.121. Orthographic error for Kirsty Rivett.

Kronebergii. (C.japonica), van Houtte Catalogue, 1841, 7:11. No description. Originated in Germany. (Believed extinct.) Kronprinzessin Carola. (C.japonica), Jean Verschaffelt, 1876-1877, Catalogue No.19: No description. Originated in Germany. (Believed extinct).

Kuaikuaihua. Chuang, 1959, Yunnan Shanchahua; Ikeda, 1976, American Camellia Yearbook, p.143. Different reading for Guaiguaihua. Kuaikuai Yanghongpian. (Speckled Red Petals), (C.japonica), Wang & Yu, 1989 Camellias, No.131, p.56, Colour photo [p.163]: A white spotted form of Yanghongpian. Originated in Sichuan Province, China: Formal double, 10 rows of petals, 8 cm in diameter. Some petals are variegated with white stripes and blotched. Kuaile. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.415; Chinese synonym for the Australia C.reticulata hybrid Ann’s Delight.

130 Kuailewang. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr., 25-5-1990. Chinese synonym for the American Gay Chieftain. Previously misspelled as ‘Kuailuowang’. Kuanbian Mingtian. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr 5th Aug. 1992. Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica

Tomorrow’s Dawn Bessie. Kuancaidai. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr., 25-5:1990. Chinese synonym for the American C.japonica: Margaret Davis.

Kuanghuan. (Revelry), Gao & Zhuang, 1989, The Camellia in China, p.82, No.649. Chinese synonym for the Australian C.hybrid, Turkish Delight. Kuanghuan Wanghou. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.415; Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Carnival Queen. Kuanghuan Wangzi. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.415; Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Carnival Prince. Kuang-tung Fen. Yang, 1965, Camellia Varieties of Taiwan. Different reading for ‘Quangdongfen’, synonym for Otome.

Kuangxiangqu. Chinese synonym for USA C. japonica Extravaganza. Kuanhou. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.424 Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Grace Ward. Kuanyin Camellia. Yang, 1965, Camellia Varieties of Taiwan. Synonym for Guanyin Cha.

Kuan-yin Cha. Yang, 1965, Camellia Varieties of Taiwan. Different reading for Guanyin Cha.

Kuanyin Pe. Different reading for Guanyinbai. Kuate. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.411; Chinese synonym for the USA C.japonica Bill Quattlebaum. Kubal Kain. (C.japonica), Shackelford Nurseries Catalogue, 1964. No description. SCCS., 1968, Camellia Nomenclature, p.79: Ruby red. Large, loose, peony form. Medium, compact growth. Mid-season blooming. Originated in USA by H. Shackelford, Albany, Georgia, USA. Orthographic errors: ‘Kubla Cain’, ‘Kubel Kain’, ‘Kubul Kain’. Sport: Kubal Kain Variegated.

Kubal Kain Supreme. SCCS., 1968, Camellia Nomenclature, p.79. Synonym for Kubal Kain Variegated.

Kubal Kain Variegated. (C.japonica), Shackelford, 1964, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.19, No.5, p.28 as ‘Kubul Kain Var.’: A virus variegated form of Kubal Kain - Large red, spotted and speckled throughout with white. Midseason flowering. Originated at Shackelford Nurseries, Albany, Georgia, USA. Orthographic variant: ‘Kubla Cain Variegated’. Synonym: ‘Kubal Kain Supreme’.

Kubel Kain. Belle Fontaine Nursery, 1965, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.20, No.2, p.27. Orthographic error for Kubal Kain.

Kubiki. (Place Name), (C.rusticana), Yuki Tsubaki no Kai, 1967, black and white photo: Medium size, bud centered formal double white. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kubiki. (Place Name), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.108, black and white photo; see also: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.47, colour photo, p.211: Medium size, peony form, deep rose spotted white, with large, outer petals and a central mass of small, semierect, twisted petals, petaloids and the occasional stamen all intermixed. Leaves broad-lanceolate, light green, apex acuminate, margins serrulate, petioles hirsute. Resembles Kita-no-nada. Originated in Jo’etsu City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected, named and released by Susumu Ishizawa in 1972. 131

Kubiki-no-sato. (Kubiki Hamlet), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.373, p.190, colour photo, p.200, description: Leaves olive green. elliptic to broad elliptic-lanceolate, apices long acuminate, glossy, manifestly serrate at the margins, 6.-7.3 cm long x 2.8-3.6 cm wide. Flowers complete formal double, pale pink, densely striped with deep rose (Currant red 821/3). Petals 44-54, diminishing in size to the centre. Late flowering. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kubla Cain. Gentry, 1964, ACS., The Camellia Journal, vol.19, No.4, p.3. Orthographic variant for Kubal Kain. Kubo. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.415; Chinese synonym for the USA C.reticulata hybrid Cameron Cooper. Kubota-de-enju. (Kubota’s Longevity), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû, vol.5 in the section for varieties with white variegated leaves. Round leaves with white spots. May be synonymous with ‘Enju-tsubaki’ in the 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kubota-de-kingyo-aochafu. (Kubota’s Fishtail with Greenish Brown Variegated Leayes)., (C.japonica), Mizuno. 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû, vol.5: Fishtail leaves with brownish variegation. Synonym: ‘Kitazawa-kingyo’. (Believed extinct), Different reading: ‘Kubota-de-kingyo-aochahu’. Originated in Japan.

Kubul Cain. Mark S. Cannon Scion Catalogue, 1964-1965, p.9. Orthographic error for Kubal Kain.

Kubusu-gawa. (Kubusu River), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.230, p.116, colour photo, p.159, description: Leaves broadly elliptic, apices shortly acuminate, strongly serrate upper half, 6.1-8.2 cm long x 3.2-4.2 cm wide. Flowers thickly double, rosy pink (Carmine 21/3-21/1) - paler to the centre; petals 44-52, emarginate, irregularly waved. Stamens in double circle, mostly changed to petaloids. Flowers early to mid-season. Originated by Mr Keiji Matsui, Yatsuo-machi, Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

Kuchibeni. (Lipstick), (C.japonica), Itô Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Itô, Jukyû 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e: Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.306; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Large size, white, with red margins. semi-double flower with central stamen cylinder. Originated in Japan. Synonym: ‘Sakachûhana’. Resembles Shuchûka.

Kuchibeni. (Lipstick), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Ihei, 1719, Kô’eki Chikinshô, vol.2; Shirai-Bunka, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Large size, single flower, white with red margin. Also listed by Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.344. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kudatama. (Ancient Cylindrical Jewels), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.331, p.138, colour photo, p.247, description: Small size, white, single with 5-7 petals, incurved to form a spherical shape. Buds do not always open properly. Leaves mid-green, broad elliptic, margins shallow crenate-serrate. A seedling of Nagara. Originated in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.211.

Kuei Fei Cha. Different reading for ‘Guifei Cha’, (Yangfei Cha). Kuer. Gao, Jiyin, 2007, The Identification....Outstanding Camellias, p.415; Chinese synonym for the Australia C.japonica Mattie Cole.

Kuei-hsia. Yü & Bartholomew, 1980, American Camellia Yearbook, p.25. Different reading for ‘Guixia’, (Captain Rawes).

Kuei-yeh T’ao-hung. Yü & Bartholomew, 1980, American Camellia Yearbook, p.24. Different reading for Guiye Taohong.

132 Kuei-yeh Yang-hung. Yü & Bartholomew, 1980, American Camellia Yearbook, p.25. Different reading for Guiye Yanghong.

Kuei Yeh Yin Hung. Watanabe & Andoh, 1981, Tsubaki, p.157. Different reading for ‘Guiye Yin- hong’, synonym for Daguiye. Kûge. (Flower in the Sky). (C.x williamsii). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.289 with colour photo; Small to medium semi-double, white with some thin red stripes, lotus form, tubular stamens. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves elliptic, small to medium size. Upright and densely branched. A cross of Tsuki-no-fue x Our Betty, originated by Misoji Yamaguchi and released in 2009. Kuigyo-subaki. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name Kingyo-tsubaki.

Kuihong. (Red Sunflower), Shanghai Botanical Gardens List, 1985. Large, red, anemone form. Origi- nated in China.

Kujaku. (Peacock), (C.japonica), Minagawa, 1956, Chinkashû: Small, red, single; lily leaf Camellia. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.213, p.372; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.191, p.97, colour photo, p.146: Leaves linear, thick textured; margins obscurely crenate; petioles glabrous. Flowers red, (Carmine 21) with 12-22 linear petals. Stamens long, irregular, few. Flowers mid-season. The variegated form is called Hakuhan-kujaku. Originated in Mikawa, Chûbu District, Japan. Sport of Mikawa-yuriba. Synonym: ‘Peacock Camellia’, ‘Benikujaku’. Has been erroneously called ‘Yuri-tsubaki’, the name of a different cultivar. See Shû’eisha, Nakamura, Tsuneo, 1971, Genshoku Satsuki Tsubaki, p.325 for a complete description. See colour photos: p.32-33, Kyôno Tsubaki to Tera 1981. Kujaku-no-mai. (Dance of the Peacock). (C.japonica), Chinka-en, Niigata, Catalogue, 1990-1991, p.1. Kinji Ohara, Chiba, 1993-1994, List of Camellias: A seedling of Kujaku. Deep red, slender

petals, semi-double, medium size, lotus shape. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Kujaku-tsubaki. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.441, p.182. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.46, 211; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.332: Synonym for Hakuhan-kujaku.

Kûkai-Nisei. (Kûkai II), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.215, colour photo and description: small size, vermilion, wide, campanulate single with a small, central stamen column with white, infertile anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves light green, broad lanceolate, apices long tapering acuminate, margins serrate. Originated in Gotô Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. ‘Kûkai” was an ancient Buddhist priest.

Kukyoku. Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd. Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.12, C-19. The Japanese reading for the Chinese Jiuqu (Nine Bends).

Kumabotan. (Bear Peony), (C.japonica), Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.28: A paler colour form of Benidaikagura. Originated in Japan.

Kumaga’e. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Flowers, cardinal red, single, flat, inner petals curved at edge, large stamen cluster. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.77. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kumagai’, but it is uncertain that this ancient cultivar is the same as the existing one.

Kumaga’e-shibori. (Kumaga’e Variegated), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Flowers cardinal red, large size, early blooming, may be variegated. A sport of ‘Kumaga’e’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kumagai. (Hero in a Kabuki Drama), (C.japonica), Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.29: Magificent single with big, long, drooping leaves and enormous, flat, open flowers, vermilion scarlet, contrasting with golden yellow petaloid anthers in a flat circle. See colour photos:

133 Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.170, p.85; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.112; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.223. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.47 as Kumagai from the Kansai district. Dark crimson (Currant red 821/3), up to 13 cm across, 5-7 petals, 150 spreading stamens with large. yellow anthers and white filaments. Leaves large, broadly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, flat, thick texture, coarsely crenate. A very old cultivar from Kyôto, Japan. Synonym: ‘Kômyô’. Sport: ‘Kumagai-shibori’. There are many cultivars resembling this in Kansai, Kumamoto or Chûbu in Japan. “Kumagai” is a Daimyô family surname decending from the Taira Clan of the 8th century.

Kumagai. (Hero in a Kabuki Drama). (Higo), Uekiya Bunsuke Hikki,1830. No description. Taniguchi, 1912, Chinka Kyôkan: Single, very large, deep red, large stamen cluster. Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation & Artistic Arrangement, p.72: Flower, dark red, 13 cm across, 5-7 petals. Stamens fully opened, white. Leaf, very large, ovate elliptic. Occasionally petaloids appear. Hiratsuka, Taizô, 1964, Higo Camellia, pp.13, 32: Dark crimson, 13 cm across, 5-7 petals white stamens in a spreading circle. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, pl.11, p.42 has Kumagai from Kansai and Kumamoto. This and the previous camellia seem somewhat similar. Orthographic error: ‘Kumgai’. Different reading: ‘Kumagaya’. Synonym: ‘Higo-kumagai’. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.124, 240. Kumagai de Gaujacq. (C.japonica), J & F Thoby, Gaujacq, France, Catalogue, 2009, p.4; A special form of Kumagai. No further details. Kumagai (Kansai). (C.japonica hybrid). "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.110 & p.125; No description. From Kyoto Pref., Japan.

Kumagai (Nagoya). (Kumagai from Nagoya), (Higo), Perkins, III, 1979, SCCS., The Camellia Review, vol.41, No,2. American Camellia Yearbook, 1984, p.179, Reg. No.1930: A large dark crimson, Higo chance seedling, mid-season blooming, originated in Japan. Flower size, 10.5 cm across x 2.5 cm deep, with 6 petals, 3 large and 3 smaller. Plant growth is upright, spreading and open with dark green leaves, 10 cm x 5 cm. Orthographic errors: ‘Kumgai’(Nagoya), ‘Kumagai’(Nagoyo).

Kumagai. Different reading for Kumaga’e.

Kumagai (Nagoya). SCCS., 1987, Camellia Nomenclature, p.62. Orthographic error for Kumagai (Nagoya).

Kumagai-shibori. (Kumagai Variegated), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô. Different reading for Kumaga’e-shibori.

Kumagai-tsubaki. (Kumagai Camellia), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.509; Jikeikyôki, 1632:- Small fuchsine pink, single, 6-7 petals, central stamen column with white filaments. Nakayama, 1847, Senka’oden: Single, deep red, large stamen cluster. Similar to the 1789 Shoshiki Hanagatachô cultivar, if not the same. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kumagaya. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.110, p.187: Medium size, crimson single Higo, with 5-6 uneven petals and large, spreading stamen cluster. According to Tuyama, this resembles Kumagai but leaves are more slender and flowers are smaller than Kumagai or Kômyô. Originated in Angyô, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.

Kumagaye-tsubaki. Joshua Condor, 1893, Landscape Gardening of Japan, p.117. Synonym for Kumagai.

Kumamoto Castle. (C.japonica), ACRS, N.S.W. Foundation Branch, Newsletter, Issue No.9, Oct.1984, p.4: A seedling of Nancy Bird; an informal double with 5 tiers of red petals. Originated in Australia. 134

Kuma-no-nada. (Name of Ocean near Wakayama), (C.japonica), Katayama, 1967, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8. For colour photo see: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.47, description, p.211: Large, dark crimson, single of 6 petals, 3 large and 3 smaller, all with irregular and emarginate edges about a large, spreading stamen cluster, opens flat. Leaves mid-green, matt, elliptic, apex tapering acuminate, margins serrate. Originated in Kansai area, Japan. A seedling of Daikagura. Originated and released by Juraku’en Nursery in 1967.

Kumano-o. (Tail of the Bear), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (Before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.689: Small, three teired, dark crimson semi-double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kumasaka. (Character in a Kabuki Drama who was an infamous Robber), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1: Large size, double, pink flower with red steaks. Corolla is wide and round in shape. Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki. For the modern cultivar of this name see colour photos: Fendig, 1949, American Camellia Catalogue, colour illustration. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl. 21; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.215, p.109. Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.197; Macoboy, 1981, The Colour Dictionary of Camellias, p.98. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, pp.47, 211. Leaves elliptic, broadly elliptic or narrowly ovate-elliptic, apices sharply acuminate, glossy, dark green, venation slightly impressed, margins serrate. Flowers variable, basically peony form occasionally semi-double and rose form double. Colour deep rose (Crimson 22/1), averaging 10.5 cm across x 4 cm deep; two rows of outer petals, broad and flat, widely emarginate, inner petals suddenly smaller and irregular, dividing stamen groups. Late flowering. Originated in Kantô, Japan. Synonyms: ‘Kumasaka-beni’, ‘Benikumasaka’, ‘Lady Marion’, ‘Hollyhock’, ‘Jean Kerr’, ‘Sherbrook’, ‘Zada Headley’, ‘Lady Marian’, ‘Maiden’. Corruptions of the Japanese name: ‘Kumosaka’, ‘Kumazaka’, ‘Kumsata’. Sports: Kumasaka White, Hanatachibana. Pseudonyms: ‘Mariana Gaete’, ‘Benikarako’. Chinese synonym ‘Xiongban’.

Kumasaka-beni. Satomi, 1956, Camellia Varieties of Japan, p.9. Synonym for Kumasaka.

Kumasaka Variegated. Kiyono Nursery Catalogue, 1940-1941, p.22. Synonym for Hanat- achibana.

Kumasaka White. SCCS., 1960, Camellia Nomenclature, p.69: A white sport of Kumasaka, identical except for colour, originated by Hudsen, USA.

Kumazaka. Yashiroda, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.428. Different reading for Kumasaka. Kumekurenai. (Red Camellia from Kume). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.82 with colour photo; English translation p.55. Medium to large size, deep red, rose form to formal double. Flowers early. Leaves broadly elliptic, large, clear veins. Upright, vigorous growth. An old camellia in Okinawa, named by Sitarô Niizato in 1975. From Okinawa

Prefecture. Kumeshi-karahashi. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.141. Syn- onym for Giboshi. Kumeshiranami. (White Waves of Kume). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.82 with colour photo; English translation p.55. Small to medium size, white sake cup-shaped to trumpet single, pinched stamen cylinder. Flowers early. Leaves obovate to oblong, medium to large. Spreading, vigorous growth. The original tree survives at a private family on Kumejima Island. Named and released by Okinawa Camellia Club in 1991. From Okinawa Prefecture. Kume-shiratami. (White waves at Kume Island). (C.japonica), Hiroshi Matsuda, Okinawa in JCS Tsubaki, 1994, No.33, p.35, illust. p.33: Small white, cup to trumpet shaped single. Blooms mid-season. Leaves oblong-elliptic, medium size. Bush spreading and sturdy. Originated on

Kume Island, Japan. 135 Kumgai. Watanabe, 1970, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.10, p.141. Orthographic error for Kumagai.

Kumgai (Nagoya). American Camellia Yearbook, 1984, p.179. Orthographic error for Kumagai (Nagoya).

Kumibe-goshi. (obscure), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Single, deep red, white spotted, large size. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.80. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kumie. (obscure). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.82 with colour photo; English translation p.55. Medium size, pale pink graduating to whiteat the centre, trumpet shaped single with rounded petals, cylindrical stamens. Flowers early to late. Leaves elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright growth. A chance seedling of Berenice Boddy, named and released by Nobuo Sasai in 1986. From Okayama Prefecture. Kumimi Guruma. Ingwerson Nursery Catalogue, 1957-1958. Corruption of the Japanese name Yukimiguruma. Kum-no-mine. "Sasanquas, The Winter Flowers" ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.66;

Orthographic error for Kumo-no-mine. Kumo-i. (Palace), (C.japonica), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.15: Kasuya, Kamegorô. 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Medium size, semi-double with three rows, blush pink with white spots. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Corrupted name: ‘Kumoni’.

Kumo-i. (Palace), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Large size flower, double, deep persimmon red, with darker red streaks. See Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.80. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kumoi-no-sora. (Cloudy Sky), (Higo), Tamura, 1956, Higo Tsubaki Shinkaki: Pink with white margins, large. A sport of Mine-no-kumo. Originated in Japan.

Kumoka. (Cloudy), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: White, large, blooms single and semi- double on same plant. Stamens irregularly degenerate. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kumoma-no-tsuki. (Moon Between Clouds), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.16. Large size, single, white. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kumoni. Hillier’s Arboretum, 1987, Hampshire County Council File, p.3. Corruption of the Japanese name Kumo-i. Kumo-no-mine. (Cloud Ridge) (C.hiemalis). "Sasanquas, The Winter Flowers" ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, English translation p.66 as ‘Kum-no-mine’; White, the reverse of outer petals peach red, double, medium size, early. From Kurume, Japan.

Kumo-no-ue. (Over the Clouds), (C.sasanqua), Satomi, 1958, Nomenclature List of Sasanqua of Japan, p.12: Purplish pink. Large single with round petals. Originated in Japan.

Kumo-no-yama. (Mountain of Clouds), (C.sasanqua), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô, vol.344. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kumo-no-yeal. Woodward, 1978, International Camellia Journal, No.19, p.81. Corruption of the Japanese name Kumo-no-ue. Kumosaka. Manning, 1934, Plant Buyers Index. Corruption of the Japanese name Kumasaka.

Kumsata. McIlhenny Catalogue, 1935. Corruption of the Japanese name Kumasaka.

Kung Fen. Ono, 1803, Honzô Komoku Keimô. Different reading for Gongfen.

Kungfen. Feng et al., 1986. Yunnan Camellias of China, p.163. Different reading for Gongfen.

136 Kuni-no-hikari. (Glory of the Nation), (C.sasanqua), Ishizawa & Hagiya, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1967, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8. Described only as formal double. Originated in Japan.

Kuni-no-hikari. (Glory of the Nation), (Higo), Yoshimura, 1961, Higo Tsubaki Meikan: Very large, 10 cm across, red, 6-7 petals with a spreading stamen cluster of about 150, with pale, reddish filaments, Blooms mid-season. Large leaves, broad-ovate, dark green, apices acute, margins serrate. A seedling of ‘Higo-yamato-nishiki’ Originated in Kumamoto, Japan ca.1910 by Tatsuo Fujimoto, and named Kuni-no-hikari in 1960. Synonym: ‘Benitaiheiraku’. For colour photos see: Hiratsuka, 1964, Higo Tsubaki, pp.28, 12. Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.174; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.22; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, pp.170, 171; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.47.

Kunishirazu. (Unknown Land), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1681, Kadan Kômokû: Red streaks an pink ground, double. Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.453: Light pink ground with pink splashes, white base. Semi-double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kunizukushi. (All Provinces), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1681, Kadan Kômokû: White, variegated with red. Large double. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kunlunhei. Gao, Jiyin, 1998, The World's Best Camellia Cultivars, p.53. Chinese synonym for Konronkoku.

Kunmingchun. (Kunming Spring), (C.reticulata), Durrant, 1972, ACRS., Camellia News, No.45, p.4: Speaking of postcards from a folder entitled “Yunnan Chahua”: ‘Kunming Spring’. This shows two, bright pink, semi-double flowers. The petals are veined and the centre ones are folded over in a rabbit eared manner...they have a high centre and looks like ‘Early Peony’, (‘Tsaomudan’). Feng et al., 1986, Yunnan Camellias of China, p.54, colour photo and description: Leaves long-obovate to oblong, thin, flat, apices short pointed, bases cuneate, 7.5-10.5 cm long x 3.5-4.5 cm wide. Flowers deep pink (RHS.CC.57D), diameter 11-12 cm. Petals 19-22 in 4-5 whorls, outer whorls flat, inner whorls undulate, erect, margins notched. Stamens numerous, divided into several groups, partially petaloid. Pistils well developed. This is a new cultivar selected from seedlings of open pollenated seeds by researchers at the Kunming Botanical Garden. Flowers mid-season. Different reading: ‘K’un-ming-ch’un’. Synonyms: ‘Kunming Spring’, ‘Kunming’s Spring’.

K’un-ming-ch’un. Yü & Bartholomew, 1980, American Camellia Yearbook, p.24. A different reading for Kunmingchun.

Kunming Spring. Feng et al., 1980, Yunnan Shan Chahua. Western synonym for Kunmingchun.

Kunming’s Spring. Ikeda, 1976, American Camellia Yearbook, p.140. Synonym for Kunmingchun.

Kunpû. (Balmy Breeze), (C.saluenensis x C.sasanqua), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.212: White, with a pink cast, single of changing form, tubular to sake-cup, of 5-6 petals with lacinated petal edges, fragrant, extremely small, blooms early; ovaries hirsute. Leaves long- ovate, very small, apices blunt acute, margins shallowly serrulate. Plant habit, vigorous, wide spreading, weeping. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan by Dr Carter from the cross C.saluenensis x ‘Hime-sazanka’.

Kunrun Jura. Lanning Roper, 1954, RHS., The Rhododendron & Camellia Yearbook, No.8, p.139. Corruption of the Japanese name Konronkoku. Kunshilanren. Gao, Jiyin, Ltr 5th August 1992. Chinese synonym for the Australian C.sasanqua Queenslander. Kupo. Gao, Jiyin, 1993, The Observations from the Camellia World, No.567, p.69. Chinese

synonym for the USA C.reticulata hybrid Cameron Cooper.

137 Kuragatake. (Name of a Mountain behind Kanazawa City), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.141, p.71, colour photo, p.129, description as ‘Kura-ga-take’: Leaves broadly elliptic, dark green, convex on upper surface, venation impressed, margins crenate, 6.4-8.7 cm long x 4.2-4.8 cm wide; petioles 6 mm long, very hairy. Flowers single, dark red, (Currant red 821 /3) single with 5-7 petals, oblong, cm x 3 cm. Stamen column 3 cm high, anthers yellow, filaments reddish. Flowers mid-season. Originated in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.

Kurahashi. (Granary Bridge), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô: Large, double, purple flower with many white spots. Resembles a lotus flower. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kurahashi. (Place Name), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.16: Large size, red. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kuraihimo. Hiratsuka, 1964, Higo Camellias, colour photo, p.32 as ‘Ichû’. Same characters as Kurai-no-himo.

Kurai-no-himo. (Braid of Court Rank), (Higo), Taniguchi, 1912, Chinka Kyôkan. First transliteration, Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1934-1935, p.22: Deep crimson, rounded petals, single, large. See color photo, Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation and Artistic Arrangement, p.72: Large, 10 cm across, scarlet of 6-7 petals and 120 spreading stamens with white filaments. Leaves narrow-ovate, large, thick, outer margins a little wavy. Flowers mid-season. Different readings: ‘Kurai-himo’, ‘Ichû’, ‘Ichiu’, ‘Kurai-no-shimo’. See: Hiratsuka, 1964, Higo Camellia, p.31 & 13, as ‘Ichû’. Generally known as Ichû in Japan. Originated in Kumamoto, Japan.

Kurai-no-shimo. Settsu Raikôyen Co Catalogue, 1938-1939, p.13. Different reading for Kurai-no- himo.

Kureha. (Place Name), (C.sasanqua), Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1935-1936, p.26: Rose-pink flowers with darker spots. Medium size, single. Originated in Japan.

Kureha. (Chinese Costume), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.48, colour photo, p.212, description: White, single with 5-6 large petals with crinkled margins and a dominent stamen cylinder with pale yellow anthers and light creamy filaments, early flowering. Leaves a little obovate, mid-green, apices acuminate, margins shallowly serrulate. Originated in the Kansai area, Japan. Last character in name is different to sasanqua above.

Kurenai. (Red), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Flower red, formal double, medium size, white spotted. See JCS., 1969, Tsubaki, No.7, p.34. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kurenai. (Red). (C.reticulata hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.82 with colour photo; English translation p.55. Medium size, deep red semi-double. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size dull. Upright growth with sparse branches. A cross between C.reticulata ‘Crimson Robe’ (Dataohong) and C.sasanqua Crimson King. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1996. From Osaka. Kurenai-no-giku. (Red Wild Chrysanthemum), (C.japonica), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.14: Small to medium size, deep red, tubular single. Blooms mid-season. Originated in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.332 with black and white photo; English translation p.229. Leaves narrowly elliptic, small. Somewhat spreading growth. A seedling of Kikuzuki. Originated by Morimoto, released by Yoshio Yamada in 1983. Kurenai-no-sakazuki. (Red Sake Cup), (C.japonica), JCS., 1987, Japan Camellia, No.25, p.4: Seedling of Amagashita raised by Funakoshi Kôji, Aichi, Japan. A single, deep red, medium size with tall, domed stamen cluster. Flower opens flat. Blooms mid-season. 138

Kurenai-sankô. (Red ‘Sankô’), (C.rusticana), JCS., 1986, Japan Camellia, No.21, p.4, colour photo: A variety selected from the wild at Yahiko Village, Niigata-ken, Japan. A dark red, single, about 3 cm across with very small petal whorls. Flowers mid-season to late. Petals are round and cylindrical, 3 in number; stamens cylindrical. Leaves mid-green, elliptic, margins serrate. Plant habit upright and spreading. Resembles Sankô. Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.189. Different reading: ‘Benisankô’. Named by Hideyo Katô in 1982, released by Toshio Onozuka.

Kure-otome. (Ancient China’s ‘Otome’), (C.japonica), Saitama Engei & Co. Catalogue, 1911, p.6: Pink, formal double flower, carmine stripes. Originated in Japan.

Kuretake. (Ancient Chinese Bamboo), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô: Cardinal red, large size, single flower. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.79. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kuretake. (Ancient Chinese Bamboo), (C.rusticana), Hagiya & Ishizawa, 1966; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.269, p.137, description, p.172: Leaves olive green, ovate to ovate-oblong, often concave on upper surface, margins finely serrulate; petiole very hairy. Flowers formal double, petals imbricated, strongly concave, rosy red (Rose opal 022-022/1). Flowers mid-season. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Kurikara. (Name of a Pass in Ishikawa), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.301, p.152, colour photo, p.180, description: Leaves olive green, narrowly oblong to elliptic, venation impressed, margins strongly serrate, 7-8.6 cm long x 3.5-4.4 cm wide. Petioles 7-11 mm long, more or less hairy. Flowers of peony form, rose (Rose madder 23/1) blotched or marbled white with a prominent, central stamen group. Petals 9-11, the largest 5.5 cm x 4.3 cm, strongly emarginate with 2-6 additional, inner petals and 48-166 petaloids. Stamens spreading, yellow anthers, filaments pale creamy to rosy red. Flowers late. Originated in the Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. “Kurikara” is the name of an historic Mountain pass in Ishikawa Prefecture.

Kuriyama-nishiki. (Brocade of Mount Kuri), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.282, colour photo and description: Medium size, pale pink with deep crimson streaks, single with 5 rounded petals with cleft apices and a central stamen cluster with yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves deep green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins serrulate. Originated in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Kuro Delight. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, Nov. 1999, p.19, Reg. No.2506. Semi-double, maroon, with yellow anthers and white filaments. Long blooming season, cold hardy to -15° F. Originated by Dr William L. Ackerman, Ashton, Md., USA. American Camellia Yearbook, 1999, p.4, colour photo before p.1. A seedling of Kuro-tsubaki x ‘Variety Z’ (Z). The 17 year old seedling first flowered in 1987. Average flower size is 10 cm across x 5 cm deep, with 20 petals. Plant growth is slow and spreading. The dark green leaves are 12.7 cm long x 4.2 cm wide. Kurobe. (Mountain’s Name), (C.japonica), JCS., 1973, Tsubaki, No,12, p.16, pl.32, p.8; Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.110, black and white photo: Medium size, 10 cm across, pink spattered with small white spots, peony form with large, undulate, exterior petals and a centre of smaller, erect, folded petals intermixed with the stamens. Petals about 40. Late flowering. Leaves glossy, mid-green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins sharply serrulate, venation reticulate. Plant habit erect and vigorous. Collected in 1967 in Kurobe City, Toyama Prefecture, Japan from an old tree 7-8 m. tall. Named and released by Toyama Camellia Enthusiasts Club around 1970. See colour photos: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.432; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.49; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.376.

139 Kurobeni-sazanka. (Dark Red Sasanqua), (C.sasanqua), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.34 as ‘Kurobeni-sazanko’: Hakoda, JCS., 1987, Tsubaki, No.26, p.45: Medium size, dark red single. Early flowering. Originated in the Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Kurobeni-sazanko. ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.34. Orthographic error for Kurobeni-sazanka.

Kurobeni-shirochoji-iri-tsutsuzaki. (C.japonica), de Rothschild, 1963, RHS., The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, No,17, p.143 as ‘Kuro-beni-Shiro-Choji-iri-tsutsu-zaki’: This is more a description of the flower. The first two characters mean dark red and the next four “shiro cho ji iri” indicate that it has white spots on the petals, the next character means tube - a red tubular form flower with white spots. Originated in Japan.

Kuroboshi. (Bullseye), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: A 5 petalled single, four white and one dark red. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kuroboshi. (Bullseye), (C.japonica), Itô, Ihei, 1695, Kadan Chikinshô, vol.1; Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô; Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Double with 3 rows of petals. White with small spots and splashes of red. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading ‘Kurohoshi’.

Kuroboshi. (Bullseye), (C,japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.576: Medium size, white, peony form with golden stamens interspersed with small petals in the centre. Origi- nated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kuroda-no-shiro. (White Camellia from Kurado), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon No Chinka, p.45 colour photo and description: Small size, white, tubular single with central, pale yellow, large stamen cylinder. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves mid-green, elliptic, apices acute, margins shallowly serrulate. Originated in Toyama Prefecture, Japan. A chance seedling of a cultivar, named and released by Mitsoroku Makino in 1980s. Kurofune. (Black Ship). (C.hybrid). Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.285 with colour photo; Medium size, dark red single. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves ovate, medium size. Upright growth. A cross of Beni-kujaku x (Kuro-tsubaki x C.chekiangoleosa), named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1998. Kurohime. (Black Princess). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.331; English translation p.230. Small, dark red, tubular to trumpet shaped single, cylindrical stamens, filaments pale red. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, small to medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas in Matsuyama City, Ehime prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Tokihiro Kôno in 1985. Kurohoshi. Different reading for Kuroboshi. Kuroi-hitomi. (Dark Eyes). (C.japonica), Chinka-en, Niigata, 1994-1995, Retail List: Dark red, small

single. Originated in the Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Kurokami. (Black Deity), (C.japonica), JCS., 1989, Japan Camellia, No.30, p.13,, colour photo: Brilliant, deep red, small size, single, opening cup-shaped with 5-6 rounded, embracing, slightly notched petals. Stamens in a central column, pinched in at apex, anthers yellow, filaments white, pinkish at base, joined for the lower third. Originated in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.

Kuroko. (Beauty Spot), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.48, colour photo, p.212, description: Medium size, pink, single with a thin, irregular, white margin to the 5-6 large, crinkled petals, with the stamens in a spreading, dominant, yellow ring. Originated in Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

Kurojishi. (Black Lion), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.48, colour photo, p.212, description: Medium size, deep crimson, full, peony form; no stamens visible. Leaves

140 light green, apices acuminate, elliptic, margins serrulate. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Synonym: ‘Himejishi’. Kuro-renge. (Black Lotus). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.84 with colour photo; English translation p.56. Medium to large, blackish crimson, lotus-form semi-double, tubular stamens tending to fall into disorder. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves oblong, small. Upright, compact growth. A chance seedling of Kon-wabisuke, named and released by Shinichi Noguchi in 1989. From Tokyo. Kurosawa-haku. (Kurosawa’s White). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.331; English translation p.229. Small, white single, thick petals. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright, vigorous growth. A selected wild japonica raised by the Kurosawa family on Izu Ôshima Island. Named and released by Takeo Ogawa in 1969. Kurosawa-mokkô. (Kurosawa Woodcarver), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.256: Large size, white, open peony form with emarginate petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kurozawa-mokkô’.

Kuroshin-tsubaki. (Dark Stamens Camellia), (Wabisuke), Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1982, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.11, p.116, p.120, colour photo, botanical drawing and description: Small size, china rose, saucer shaped single of 8-9 petals with incurved edges, an irregular cluster of stamens, filaments ivory white, anthers dark chocolate brown. Leaves broad-ovate, glossy olive green, margins serrate. Originated in Japan.

Kuroshio. (Japanese Current), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.48, colour photo, p.212, description: Medium size, 8-9 cm across, dark scarlet, with 6-7 large, irregular petals and a compact, central stamen column with pinkish filamens joined for the lower third, and yellow anthers. Leaves deep green, broad elliptic, apices acute, margins finely serrulate. Blooms midseason to late. See p.189, Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka. Originated on Izu Ôshima Island, Japan. Discovered and released by Takeo Ogawa in 1969.

Kuro-subaki. Steffek, 1949, Plant Buyer’s Guide, ed.5, p.49. Corruption of the Japanese name Kurotsubaki.

Kurosuzume. (Black Sparrow), (C.rusticana), Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.134, p.67, colour photo, p.127, description: Leaves ovate-oblong, to broadly elliptic, rounded bases, thin, venation impressed, margins minutely serrulate, 4.9-6.8 cm x 2.1-2.9 cm wide; petioles pale green, 5-6 mm long, densely hairy. Single with 6-8 petals, unequal, erect or cupped, red, (Currant red 821/1-2). Stamens short, 1.2 cm long with reddish filaments. Flowers mid-season. Found in the wild in Yatsuo-machi, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. Kurosuzume (Tokyo). (Black Sparrow). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.83 with colour photo; English translation p.56. Small, dark red, lotus-form double, small stamen column. Flowers mid-season to late. Leaves oblong, small, wavy. Slow, spreading growth, dense branches. A chance seedling of Kuro-tsubaki. Named and released by Shinichi Noguchi in 1992. Kuro-tsubaki. (Black Camellia), (C.japonica), Mizumo, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû in the section for unusual leaves. Double as for the red ‘Irokuroki’ like the ‘Mokurenbana’, meaning dark red flower. Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki; Tokyo Nursery Catalogue, 1896 and the Nihon Shokubutsu Kaisha Ltd. Nursery catalogue, 1912-1913: “Black-red with a purple shade” and Chûgai Nursery Catalogue, 1934-1935 describes it as a “brilliant, black, double flower”. For modern colour photos see: Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. colour pl.; Adachi, 1960, Camellia, Its Appreciation and Artistic..., p.198; Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.132; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.274; Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.2: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1973, pl.155; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.48; Macoboy, 1981, The Colour

141 Dictionary of Camellias, p.98. Leaves dull green, lanceolate elliptic to elliptic, finely serrate, petioles glabrous, nigrescent, buds nigrescent. Flowers semi-double to open peony with narrow petals and irregular stamens, dark red. (Currant red 821/1). Flowers late season. Young shoots and roots show dark purplish colour. Synonyms: ‘Black Prince’, ‘Black Jap’, ‘Purpurea’, ‘Old Port’, ‘Black Camellia’. Originated in Kantô area, Japan. Corruption of the Japanese name: ‘Kuru-subaki’, ‘Kuto-tsubaki’ ‘Kuro-subaki’, ‘Kuru Tsubaki’. Chinese synonym ‘Heichun’.

Kuro-wabisuke. (Black Wabisuke), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.58; Katayama, 1960. Tsubaki Ochabana; Saitama Botanical Gardens, 1960, Plant List; Minagawa, 1962, Chinkashû. Also see following colour photos: Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.131; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.273; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.73; Leaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, shortly cuspidate-acuminate at apex, dark green. obscurely serrulate. Flowers single, dark red, (Currant red 821/1) often veined deeper colour. Flowers mid-season. Plant habit, slow growing. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. An account of these “black Camellias” appears in the American Camellia Yearbook, 1974 in a report of cytological studies by Dr W. Ackerman in which he recommends this group of plants be designated C.japonica (Purpurea Group). Katayama lists what appears to be the same form under the name Eiraku. Chinese synonym ‘Heituozhu’.

Kuroyuri. (Black Lily), (C.japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.1, A-4; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.227, colour photo and description: Small to medium size, dark red, campanulate, lily-like blooms, with 5 long, strap-like petals and a central stamen column with pinkish filaments, joined for the lower third. Mid-season blooming. Leaves deep green, narrowly elliptic, apices tapering, long acuminate, margins finely serrulate. A seedling of Kujaku. Originated in the Ôsaka Prefecture, Japan. Originated and released by Yoshihiko Mishima in 1979.

Kurozome. (Dark Dyed), (C.japonica), Tateyama Nursery Catalogue, 1954: Medium size, formal double, off-white. Originated in Japan. Sport of Haku-otome. Possible error for Sumizome.

Kurozawahaku. (Kurozawa White), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.46, colour photo and description: Medium size, white with a cream centre, wide, cup-shaped single with 6 broad, emarginate, overlapping petals and a central stamen cylinder with creamy filaments, joined for the lower half and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves dark green, wide ovate, margins serrate. Originated in Izu Ohshima, Japan.

Kurozuru. (Black Crane), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.48, colour photo, p.212, description: Deep crimson, single, opening cup-shaped with 6-7 large, overlapping petals and a bold, compact, central stamen cylinder, slightly spreading. Leaves broad-elliptic to elliptic, mid-green, apices blunt acuminate, margins serrate. Originated in Ôno City, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.83 with colour photo; English translation p.56. A cultivar at a private family in Fukui Prefecture. Named by Tokuji Ôoka in

1974, released by Yoshizumi Tobioka. Kurrajong. (C.japonica), ACRS, 1959, Camellia Annual, No.6, p.21, Reg. No.35: Originated by E.G. Waterhouse, Gordon, N.S.W., Australia. A seedling of Great Eastern. Formal double, creamy white. Blooms mid-season to late., Flowers 10 cm across. Foliage similar to parent.

Kurtzii. (C.japonica), Morren, 1836, L’Horticulteur Belge, pl.51, p.51: Originated by Kurtz of Baltimore, USA and imported to France by Faucheux about 1843: A seedling of Anemoniflora with the foliage showing a resemblance to the parent with its fine, sharp serration. The 5 outer petals are orbicular, notched at the apex, and of an intense rose-red with very fine purplish veining. The centre petals are very small, erect, numerous, serried, pleated, of a pure white with veins and touches of violet and borders of yellow.

142 Kuru Tsubaki. Coolidge Camellia Garden Catalogue, 1952. Corruption of the Japanese name Kuro-tsubaki.

Kuruijishi. (Raging Lion), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.212: Red linear markings on a soft, peach-pink ground and white spots, irregular, open, peony form, outer petals reflexed. Early blooms. Leaves ovate, small with small, sharp serrations and acuminate apex. Petioles hairy. The name was given because of the great variation in flower colour and form. Originated in Kurume, Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan.

Kurumasaka. (Place Name), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Ichijima, 1906, Kokon Yôrankô. Reprint. No description. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Different reading: ‘Kurumazaka’.

Kuruma-yadori. (Ancient Parking Place), (C.sasanqua), Itô, Jukyû, 1739, Honzô Hanamaki’e, vol.16: Large size, semi-double flowers, white with pink graduation towards the margins, narrow petals. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kurume-akebono. (Kurume ‘Akebono’), (C.hiemalis), ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.39: Medium size, rose-red, formal double. Blooms early to mid-season. Originated in Kurume, Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan. Kurume-benikirin. (‘Red Kirin’ from Kurume). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.46 with colour photo; Vermilion with neutral white markings, medium size formal double. Upright growth. Leaves medium size, elliptic, base obtuse, margins revolute. An 80 year old tree in a private garden in Kusano-machi, Japan.

Kurume-genji. (see below), (C.japonica), Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.109, black and white photo; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.440; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.48, colour photo, p.212: Medium size, open, peony form, rose pink, veined deeper colour, bordered white; outer petals large, emarginate, inner petals folded, erect, dividing stamens into 3-5 fascicles. Often various sports of white, red and striped flowers appear. Leaves lanceolate-elliptic, apices acuminate, shiny mid-green, margins shallowly serrate. Synonyms: ‘Nanairo-tsubaki’, ‘Chûbu-tônishiki’. Similar to Hikarugenji. Originated in Kurume, Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan. Has a variegated leaf sport known as Ueda-sakuraba. “Kurume” is the name of a district in Japan and “Genji” was a prince of the Minamoto Clan made famous by the book “Genji-Monagatari”, (Tale of Genji) by Murasaki, Shikibu. Kurume-goshiki-tsubaki. (‘Goshiki-tsubaki’ from Kurume). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.24; Parti-coloured, small single. A 90 year old tree in Kusano- machi. Kurume-hino-tsukasa. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.298 with colour photo; English translation p.209. Synonym for the C.hiemalis Hi-no-tsukasa from Kurume. Kurume-kikôshi. (Young Nobleman from Kurume). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.38 with colour photo; Soft pink, small formal double. Vigorous, upright growth. Leaves elliptic, medium size, recurved at both extremities. Late flowering. A 200 year old tree in Kusano-machi, Japan. Kurume-kingyo. (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.85 with colour photo; A garden tree raised at the Ishibashi Cultural Center, Kurume, Japan. Presumed to be a seedling of the fish-tailed camellia (Kingyo-tsubaki). Soft pink with crimson streaks and spots. Medium size, saucer-shaped single. Short, prominent stamen column. Vigorous, spreading growth. Leaves large, narrowly elliptic, and fish-tailed at the apex. Flowers mid- season to late. Kurume-komachi. (Kurume’s Beautiful Girl). (C.japonica), Kurume Camellia, 1997, English translation, p.8; Soft pink fading to white at base. Small standard single, tubular stamen cluster. Originated by T. Kunitake, Kurume, Japan. 143 Kurume-mikenjaku. (‘Mikenjaku’ from Kurume). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.44 with colour photo; Vermilion with bold white markings. Large formal double to peony form. Small split stamen cluster. Upright habit. Leaves large, long elliptic. Late flowering. A 120 year old tree at Kusano Elementary School, Kusano-machi, Japan. Kurume-otome. (Kurume Maiden), (C,japonica), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1988-1989, p.2, A-77; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.390, colour photo and description: Light pink, medium to large formal double. Leaves glossy, dark green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins sharply serrate. Originated in Kurume, Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Yoshikatsu Ueno in 1990.

Kurume-shiranami. (White Waves of Kurume), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka p.335, colour photo and description: Medium size, white with bright red speckles and a few stripes, semi-double of 2-3 rows of emarginate, ovate petals, somewhat waved, and a central stamen cluster with yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves dark green, oblong-ovate, apices blunt acute. Originated in Kurume, Fuku’oka Prefecture, Japan.

Kurume-shokkô. (‘Shokkô’ from Kurume), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.244, description, p.245, colour photo: Medium size, brilliant red with white variegation, wide, cup shaped single with a central stamen cylinder, having pinkish filaments, joined for the lower third, and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Originated in Kurume, Fukutoka Prefecture, Japan. Resembles Shokkô. Named and released by Takatoshi Matsuno in 1970. Kurume-tamatebako. (Treasure Box from Kurume). (C.japonica), "Camellias in Kurume", ICS Congress, Kurume 2010, p.39 with colour photo; White with red streaks. Medium size formal.double. Flowers shatter. Upright plant. Leaves medium size, elliptic. Late flowering. A 200 year old tree in a private garden, Kusano-machi, Japan.

Kurun Jura. RHS., 1953, The Rhododendron and Camellia Yearbook, No.7, p.153. Corruption of the Japanese name ‘Konronkuro’, different reading for Konronkoku.

Kusaka. (Under the Sun), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.573: Small, cupped, semi-double, 3-4 rows of petals, crimson and pink with a broad, white margin. Origi- nated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kusakami. Williams & Thompson, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.41. Different reading for “Sôshi”, synonym for Sôshi-arai. Kusano-haku. (White camellia from Kusano). (C.japonica), Kurume Camellia, 1997, English translation, p.8; Pure white, small campanulate single. Flowers mid-season. Named by the Kurume Camellia Society, Japan. Kusensunago. Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. No details. Kushidama-cha. (Skewered Jewel Camellia), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô: Listed only as red. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Chinese reading: ‘Zhuanzhu Cha’. Kushi-no-ha. (Comb Leaf). (C.japonica), Latest Illustrated Book of Japanese Camellias, (Camellias of Japan), 2010, p.222 with colour photo; Small red tubular single with tubular stamens. Flowers mid-season. Leaves lanceolate, medium size, coarsely denticulate. Spreading, somewhat dwarf growth. A seedling of ‘Hiiragiba-tsubaki’, (Hiiragi-tsubaki), originated and named by Shinichi Nogichi, released in 1998. From Tokyo, Japan. Kushima-no-haru. (Spring in Kushima). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.80 with colour photo; English translation p.54. Small, pink, occasionally with white stripes, bowl shaped single, tubular stamen cluster. Flowers early to mid-season. Leaves somewhat elliptic, medium size, flat. Upright, vigorous growth. Selected from wild japonicas growing in

144 Kushima Island, Ômura City, discovered and named by Yoshinori Amano in 1992. From Nagasaki Prefecture. Kusudama. (Ornamental Ball, decoration for Boy’s Festival, May 5th), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, p.366; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.8, colour photo: Medium size, 10 cm across, variant peony form, irregular to normal form with inner curved petals, with a pale, pink ground, peppered and flecked crimson. Leaves oblong to wide-ovate with an abrupt, acute apex, impressed venation, dark green, shallowly serrate margins. Early flowering. A cross from (Tarô’an x Iwane-shibori) x ‘Seihi’, originated by Satô, Minoru, Nagajima-gun, Aichi Prefecture, Japan and approved by the Chûbu Camellia Society Registration Board in Apr.1970. Synonym: ‘Chûbu-kusudama’, ‘Yuba-shibori’. See: Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.255. Note: Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan lists this as ‘Yuba-shibori’ and classes it as a C.rusticana. Chinese synonym ‘Gongchangjiao’ as ‘Yuba-shibori’.

Kusudama. (Ornamental Ball), (C.rusticana), Yokoyama et al., 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.107; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.46. Flowers deep red, peony form double with wavy petals, late blooming. Originated in Higashi Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture, Japan and named by Yaichi Kawamura in 1966. Resembles Hatano. Different reading: ‘Kusutama’.

Kusutama. Different reading for Kusudama. Kute Kate. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, Mar. 2009, p.29, Regn No. 2724. Originated and propagated by John L. Spencer, Lakeland, Fla., USA. American Camellia Yearbook, 2008, p.118 with colour photo; A 13 year old seedling of Edna Campbell, first flowered 2003. The 7 cm diameter x 7.5 cm deep flowers are bright red and of formal double or peony form. The centre develops a mass of small petaloids as the flower ages. Growth is upright and open, at average rate. Dark green leaves are 9 cm x 3.8 cm. Kuto-tsubaki. Ghisleni, Pier Luigi, 1982, Le Camellie, p.191. Corruption of the Japanese name Kuro-tsubaki. Kwan Yuen. (C.reticulata hybrid), Heartwood Nursery, Seedling List 2009; A 15 cm plus diameter semi- double to rose form, coral-rose flower. Like a larger Coral Delight. Prefers warm summers with some sun protection. Strong, compact plant. A cross of Buddha x Coral Delight. Flowers midseason. Originated in 1981 by Daniel Charvet., Fort Bragg, Calif., USA (HW76C16). Kwan Yuen Special. (C.reticulata hybrid) SCCS, Supplementary List 2011. Coral rose variegated white. A virus variegated form of Kwan Yuen. Originated in 2009 by Daniel Charvet, Fort Bragg, Calif., USA. Kwangtonfen. Waterhouse, 1965, International Camellia Journal, No.3. p.26. Different reading for ‘Quangchoufen’, a synonym for Otome.

Kwaidomaru. Yashiroda, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.20. Different reading for Kaidô- maru. Kwangtungfen. Kadoori, 1979. Experimental and Extension Farm and Botanic Gardens, p.48. Chinese synonym for Japanese C.japonica Otome. Also given the Chinese synonym ‘Fenshiguan shimei’ for the USA synonym ‘Pink Perfection’, synonym for Otome.

Kyakkô. (Limelight), (C.rusticana), Hagiya, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.8, Feb.1967, p.6, black and white photo: Medium size, 8-9 cm across x 4 cm deep, semi-double to open peony form, soft, peach pink, striped with dark red. About 20 stamens mixed with centre petals. About 45 petals. Leaves small, ovate, keeled, wavy; petioles hairy. Originated in Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Collected by Susumu Ishizawa, named and released by Kaoru Hagiya.

145 Kyarabiki. (Dyeing to Dark Brown), (C.sasanqua), Hantei, Kinta, 1827, Sômoku Kihin Kagami: Long, narrow leaves. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1966, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.7, p.161 as ‘Kyarabiki- sazanka’. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kyle. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, June 2013, p.25 with colour photo; Regn No.2839; Originated, propagated and registered by Vernon E. Howell, Lucedale, Miss., USA. ACS, Yearbook, 2013, p.120 with colour photo; A very large, 14cm diameter x 7.5cm deep semidouble, bright red. Chance seedling with 9+ petals. (Photo shows a peony form flower). There are usually petaloids among the stamens, which have yellow anthers and yellow filaments. Flowers fall whole. Upright plant with average growth rate. Mid-green leaves average 10cm x 7.5cm with medium serration. Flowers early to midseason. Kyle Variegated. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, June 2013 with colour photo; Regn No. 2840; Originated, propagated and registered by Vernon E. Howell, Lucedale, Miss., USA. ACS, Yearbook, 2013, p.120 with colour photo. A bright red and white variegated form of Kyle, first flowered 2008. Very large, 12.7cm diameter x 7.5cm deep flower, leaves 7.5cm x 5cm. Other details as for Kyle. Kyle White. (C.japonica), ACS, The Camellia Journal, Sept. 2013, p.26 with colour photo; Regn No. 2861; ACS, Yearbook, 2013, p.121 with colour photo. The 45 year old chance seedling was originated by Herman Walker, Lafayette, La, USA. Registered by Florence Crowder, Denham Springs, and propagated by the American Camellia Society, Fort Valley. No connection with Kyle. The medium size, 7.5-10cm diameter x 5-6.5cm deep flower is white, semidouble to rose form with yellow anthers and white filaments. 28 petals with a central notch. Flowers fall whole. Plant is upright and open. Dark green leaves average 9cm x 3.8cm with low serration. Flowers midseason to late. Kyleana. (C.japonica), Verschaffelt, 1850, Nouvelle Iconographie, Book XII, pl.I: A perfection variety with uniform, bright, cherry red colour, except at the centre, which is conspicuous by numerous, white stripes. The blossoms are large, full bodied and open easily. The petals are rounded, emarginate and convex. Originated by Mr. Kyle, London, England. Kylie Sherie. (C.hybrid). Camellia Haven catalogue, 2005, p.16. Miniature white informal double, cluster bud flowering. Strong upright growth. A seedling of Our Melissa, raised by N. Haydon, Takanini, New Zealand. Colour photo, front cover, New Zealand Camellia Bulletin, Mar. 2008, also Camellias, The Gardener's Encyclopedia, 2007, Jennifer Trehane, p.312. Kyo-betan. Vanderbilt, 1941, Camellia Research, II, p.4. Corruption of Japanese name Kyôbotan.

Kyôbotan. (Peony of Kyôto), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki in section of peony forms: Light colour flower with red stripes. Large size. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû: Light pink, striped deeper pink, large pagoda form. For colour photos see: Adachi, 1960, Camellia. Its Appreciation & Artistic..., p.99; Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.27; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.380, p.193, description, p.202; Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, pl.108; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.315; Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.108; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.377; Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.43, description, p.210: Leaves broadly oblong, apices long acuminate, margins depressed crenate, mid-green. Flowers peony form, pale pink striped densely with deep red (Cardinal red 822/3). Flowers mid-season to late. Originated in Kantô, Japan. Different reading: ‘Kyohbotan’. Corruption of name: ‘Kyo-betan’. Local name in Kyûshû: ‘Nishijin’. Solid colour sport: Kôkirin. Other sport: Kyôbotan-fukurin.

Kyôbotan. (Peony of Kyôto), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (Before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.52, 161: Medium size, crimon, peony form Camellia. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

146 Kyôbotan-fukurin. (Kyôbotan with Ornamental Border), (C.japonica), JCS., 1970, Tsubaki, No.8, p.10. First reported by Ôdaira, Kazutoshi. Yokoyama, 1975, Gendai Tsubaki Meikan, p.104: Sport of Kyôbotan with a white ground and smokey red flush at the base of the petals. Originated in Tokyo, Japan. Resembles: Kiyomizu-shibori, ‘Kyôbotan-nishiki’, Yaeshiratama, all in the Chinka Zufu, (before 1700).

Kyôbotan (Katayama). (Katayama’s Kyôbotan), (C.japonica), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.44, colour photo, p.210, description: Medium size, pink, peony form with some stamens mixed with the centre petals, corolla convex. Leaves shining, mid-green, broad-ovate, suddenly acute apices, margins sharply serrulate. Originated in Kansai, Japan. Synonym: ‘Momoiro-kagura’.

Kyôchidori. (Kyôto Plover), (C.japonica), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.58. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kyô-ezo-nishiki. (Edo Brocade from Kyôto), (C.japonica), Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.216: White with broad, light red streaks, medium size, single. Originated in the Kansai area, Japan.

Kyôfuji-nishiki. (Kyôto Wisteria Brocade), (C.japonica), Chinka Zufu, (before 1700), Watanabe, 1969, pl.584: Medium size, semi-double, pinkish white ground, densely and finely marked crimson, leaving margins more or less unmarked. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kyôfun-cha. (Pink Palace Camellia). (C.japonica), Don Ellison, 1997, "Camellias - A Photo Dictionary", p.53 with colour illustration, erroneously as ‘Kyufun-cha’: This camellia originated in China under the name Gongfeng. It is a medium sized, pink formal double, flowering mid-season on a medium growing, upright plant. Orthographic error ‘Kyufun-cha’. Kyô-goromo. (Kyôto Clothes), (C.sasanqua), Kajitsu-en, 1905, Chabaika Meikan: White, medium size flower with red graduating towards the margins. Originated in Japan.

Kyoh-botan. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.213. Different reading for Kyôb- otan.

Kyoh-karako. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai, p.213. Different reading for Kyôkarako.

Kyoh-nishiki. Andoh, 1971, Tsubaki, Meika no Shôkai to Saibai p.213. Different reading for Kyô- nishiki.

Kyôhôzan. (Mount Kyôhô), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.216, colour photo and description: Medium size, brilliant red, wide campanulate single with 6 wide, rounded, overlapping petals and a compact centre column of stamens with pink and white filaments, joined for their lower third and yellow anthers. Blooms mid-season to late. Leaves dark green, broad-elliptic, apices acute, margins coarsely serrate. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.75 with colour photo; English translation p.51. A cross between Kisoji and Katsuragawa. Named and released by Minoru Satô in 1988.

Kyôkanoko. (Fawn of Kyôto), (C.japonica), Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue as ‘Kyo-kanako’: Large size, red, semi-double to peony form. Medium, bushy growth. Mid-season blooming. Corruption of name: ‘Kyo-Ko’. Originated in Japan. Sports: Kyo-Kanoko Surprise, Kyo-Kanoko Variegated.

Kyo-Kanoko Surprise. (C.japonica), American Camellia Yearbook, 1965, p.238, Reg. No.767: A sport of Kyôkanoko that was first seen in 1959 on a plant owned by Mr J.M. Jones, Savannah, Georgia, USA. The flowers have light pink throats with tips of petals ringed with white, otherwise the same form of flower and plant as the parent.

147 Kyo-Kanoko Variegated. (C.japonica), Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue, as ‘Kyo-Kanoko Var.’: Virus variegated form of Kyôkanoko - Red blotched white. Originated in USA.

Kyo-karaka. Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue. Corruption of the Japanese name Kyôkarako.

Kyôkarako. (Kyôto Anemone), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki in section on anemone form: Small size, red flower. Itô, Ko’emon, 1879, Chinkashû, Rose red, small, anemone form double. (Believed extinct.) Originated in Japan. The name has been re- used for a modern variety.

Kyôkarako. (Kyôto Anemone), (C.rusticana), Minagawa, 1933, Chinkashû; Wada, 1941, Japanese Gar- den Treasure, p.29: Large size, white with red streaks, beautiful petaloids in the centre. Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.37, p.70; Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.387, p.197, Description, p.204: Leaves large, broadly elliptic to oblong-elliptic, obscurely crenate, apices acute, petioles more or less hairy. Flowers anemone form, 8-9 large, outer petals, emarginate, rounded with a central mass of irregular, small petals and petaloids. Colour white ground, shortly striped deep rose (022-022/1). Flowers mid-season. Seibundô Shinkôsha,1979, Senchinshû, p.43 & 210; Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.361, colour photo and description: Large size, white to faintest pink ground with soft pink and crimson streaks and speckles, open, anemone centred double with 2 rows of large, emarginate, outer petals and an anemone centre of small, erect petals and petaloids. Leaves deep green, ovate, apices acute, recurved, margins serrate. Originated in Kantô area, Japan. Sport: Ô-karako. Different reading ‘Kyoh-karako’. Synonym: ‘Shibori-ôkarako’. Resembles Awajishima.

Kyôkaraito. (Kyôto Chinese Thread), (C.japonica), Shirai-Bunko, 1789, Shoshiki Hanagatachô. Dark red, semi-double, lotus form, medium size. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1964, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.5, p.78. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kyôkasuri. Mizuno, 1681, Kadan Kômoku. Different reading for Kyô-tobi’ira.

Kyoko. SCCS., 1956, The Camellia. Its Culture and Nomenclature, p.59. Abbreviation for Kyô-- Kanoko Variegated.

Kyokkô. (Rays of the Rising Sun), (C.japonica), Shufu no Tomosha, 1976, Tsubaki to Sazanka, p.48: Large size, semi-double, white with red streaks and soft pink markings intermixed. A small diameter stamen cylinder with yellow anthers. Leaves bright green, elliptic, apices acuminate, margins serrulate. Flowers mid-season. Plant habit is weeping. Different reading: ‘Kyokkoh’. For further colour photos see: Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.II, 1978, pl.403. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.44. Originated in the Chûbu area, Japan. Different reading: ‘Kyokkoh’. Synonym: ‘Nagoya-kyokkô’. Named and released by Eimei Nagata around 1960.

Kyokkô. (Rays of the Rising Sun), (C.japonica), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.1, 1972, p.367: Vermilion red, large size, peony form, late flowering. Originated on Shikoku Island, Japan.

Kyokkô. (Rays of the Rising Sun), (C.japonica), Chûgai Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1934-1935, p.32: Black- ish, crimson single, round petalled flower. Late blooming. This was imported to the USA by McIlhenny in 1934 and listed in his 1937 Catalogue. Corruption of name: ‘Kijokko’. These characters have also been used for the name of a more modern C.japonica. Kyokkô. (Polar Light). (C.hybrid). Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.76 with colour photo; English translation p.51. Medium size pale pink of transparent touch, semi-double. Flowers mid-season. Leaves elliptic, medium size. Upright growth. A cross between C.lutchuensis and C.reticulata hybrid Lasca Beauty. Named and released by Kazuo Yoshikawa in 1980s. From Osaka.

148 Kyokkoh. Andoh, 1974, Tsubaki Nyumon, p.56. Different reading for Kyokkô.

Kyokkô-kan. (Diadem of Sun’s Rays), (Higo), Higo Rokka, 1989, p.30: Large size, 11-12 cm across, rose-pink ground, shading to red, with 6-8 petals, with a spreading burst of stamens like a diadem. Blooms mid-season. Originated in the Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. A mutation of Ôkan, designated as a new Higo around 1985 by the Higo Camellia Society.

Kyôkomachi. (Kyôto Beauty), (C.japonica), Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, pl.200, p.352: Medium to small size, semi-double with the faintest blush ground, having light red streaks, 3-4 rows of rounded, imbricate petals. Stamens sparse and abortive. Originated in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Named by Satô, Minoru.

Kyôkosode. (Kyôto Sleeve), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki: Semidouble with 3 rows of petals, red spots and streaks on a white ground. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kyôkosode. (Kyôto Sleeve), (C.japonica), Satô, 1975, Chûbu no Tsubaki, p.76: Rose form to formal double, red with white spots, medium size. Leaves round-ovate, small, olive to mid-green, matt, margins sharply serrulate. Growth slow and lacks vigour. Originated in Chûbu District, Japan. This cultivar is synonymous with Saifu, which is its local name in the Chûbu district. There is also a plain red form. The petals layers are similar, but slightly finer than Otome. There are trees 250 years old on the Mino Road, Lower Gifu Prefecture, Japan. The plain red form is called Nanbanboshi. See Tuyama, 1966, Camellia Cultivars of Japan, p.274 and JCS., 1972, Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.1, 1972, pl.290, p.334.

Kyokuhô. (Mountain Name), (C.rusticana), Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.210: Red, anemone form, the petaloids lightly bent inwards. Small size, early flowering. Leaves large, ovate, curved outwards and curled. Tree habit vigorous and wide spreading. Selected from the Yuki-tsubaki, (C.rusticana) group in the Toyama Prefecture, Japan.

Kyômiyabi. (Kyôto’s Refined Taste), (C.japonica), Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.281, colour photo and description: Medium size, pink with rare, red streaks, wide campanulate single with 5 broad, overlapping, emarginate petals and a central stamen cylinder with white filaments, joined for the lower half and small, yellow anthers. Blooms early to mid-season. Leaves dark green, elliptic, apices acuminate. Originated in the Kyôto Prefecture, Japan. A chance seedling of Tarô’an. Named and released by Misoji Yamaguchi in 1985. JCS 1996,

Japan Camellia, No.49, p.10 with colour plate. Kyomski. Lort-Phillips, 1970. International Camellia Journal. Corruption of the Japanese name Kyô-nishiki.

Kyô-nishiki. (Kyôto Brocade), (C.japonica), Cho, [before 1867], Chinkafu, Illustration p.26, 27. Medium size, single of 5-6 petals, large, overlapping, emarginate with a centre column of stamens, yellow anthers, white filaments. The modern cultivar is unlikely to be the same as that illustrated by Cho. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kyô-nishiki. (Kyôto Brocade), Minagawa, 1949, Chinkashû; Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, p.363. Single, campanulate flowers of medium size. Purple red stripes and small spots on white ground, or dark red. Stamens like a tea whisk. Flowers mid-season. Leaves are yellowish green. Originated by Minagawa, Jisuke, Kantô, Japan. The Higo and vernalis camellias of the same name are different cultivars. To avoid confusion the names Kantô-- kyônishiki and Higo-kyônishiki are now used and the name Kyô-nishiki is reserved for the vernalis cultivar. Seibundô Shinkôsha, 1979, Senchinshû, p.40 and Yokoyama & Kirino, 1989, Nihon no Chinka, p.259 both list this camellia as ‘Kantô-kyônishiki’. According to Andoh, this is a seedling of Kokinran.

Kyô-nishiki. (Kyôto Brocade), (C.x vernalis), Ashizawa, Yagorô, 1898, Chabaika Taishû describes this as a single, medium sized, striped. Chûgai, Nursery Co. Catalogue, 1935-1936, p.26 under

149 Sasanqua: Red, vertical variegation. McIlhenny 1937, 600 Varieties of Camellias has “rose red to white at base”; while Yashiroda, 1950, American Camellia Yearbook, p.16 has “White with a few broad, pink bands, round edged petals, spreading growth and slender twigs.” For colour photo see Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol.I, 1972, pl.559. Originated in Japan. Corruption of the name: ‘Kyuto-nishiki’, ‘Kyomski’.

Kyô-nishiki-higo. (Kyôto Brocade Higo), (Higo), Tanigachi, 1912, Chinka Kyôkan as ‘Kyô-nishiki’: White, striped pink. Medium size. For colour photos see: Hiratsuka, 1964, Higo Camellia, p.24 as ‘Kyô-Nishiki’. Tuyama, 1968, Camellias of Japan, pl.335, p.169, description, p.190. Synonym for Higo-kyônishiki.

Kyô-no-homare. (Glory of Kyôto), Inazawa Nurseries Co. Catalogue, 1986-1987, p.4, A-189. Syn- onym for Kakure-iso.

Kyô-no-kumo. (Uncertain), (C.japonica), Fendig, 1953, American Camellia Catalogue as ‘Kyo- no-kumo’: Red, single, medium size, mid-season flowering. Originated in Japan.

Kyô-no-kure. (Today’s Sunset), (C.japonica), Sakuden, 1630, Hyakuchinshû: In the section of various colours on the one branch. 5 petals, one red, one pink, the rest white, single with medium size, red petaloids with blotches. See: Kyôto Engei Kurabu, 1961, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.2, p.107. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.) Kyô-no-mai. (Dance of Kyôto). (C.japonica), Nippon Tsubaki - Sasanqua Meikan, 1998, p.75 with colour photo; English translation p.51. Medium size, red, sake cup-shaped to trumpet form single, cylindrical stamen column. Late flowering. Leaves elliptic, somewhat small, flat. Upright, vigorous growth. A chance seedling of ‘Goshiki-yae-chiri-tsubaki’ (Goshikichiri- tsubaki), originated and named by Katsuyoshi Yoshikawa and Naoyoshi Adachi in 1982. From Kyoto. Kyô-shibori. (Kyôto Dappled), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki, Irohanayose Irotsuki. Double. Medium size. White dappled with red. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kyôshôji. (Kyôshô Temple), (C.rusticana), Encyclopedia of Camellias in Colour, vol. I, 1972, pl.47, p.53, description, p.298: Medium size, soft pink with a mauve tone, single of 7-9 petals, rounded, emarginate. Small stamen cluster broken by an occasional petaloid. Different reading: ‘Kyôsyôji’. A cultivar at Kyôshô Temple in Kawakita District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. Named and released by Ryôji Nakamura in 1970.

Kyôsyôji. ICS., Apr.1990, Japanese Camellia Cultivar List, p.14. Different reading for Kyôshôji.

Kyoto. (C.rosiflora), American Camellia Yearbook, 1976, p.155: A C.rosiflora chance seedling which has small pink flowers and a faint spicy fragrance. Long, springy branches. Leaves are elliptical, small, grey-green. Originated in USA. Kyoto Botanical Garden Variegated. (C.japonica), Camellias, Y.C. Shen, 2009, p.58 with colour photo, as ‘Kyoto Botanical Garden Var.’; Crimson single flower with 5-6 petals, about 5 cm diameter. Very bold centre of stamens for such a small flower. Most leaves have an irregular border of yellow variegation. Imported from Japan by Nuccios Nurseries, original name lost. Kyoto Brocade Higo. Camellias, Y.C. Shen, 2009, p.215 with colour photo; Synonym for ‘Kyô- nishiki-higo’ (Higo-kyônishiki).

Kyô-tobi’ira. (Kyôto Variegated), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1681, Kadan Kômoku: Large size, semi-double with petaloid flags on thin filaments like the Koshimino form. Originated in Japan. Different reading: ‘Kyôtobi’iri’. (Believed extinct).

Kyôto-nishiki. Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasures, p.32 in autumn flowering sasanquas as ‘Kyuto-nishiki’: A corrupted name for Kyô-nishiki.

150 Kyô-tsukasa. (Lord of Kyôto), (Higo), Watanabe, 1960, Kyôto Engei Kurabu, Tsubaki Tokushû, No.1, p.58. No description. Originated in Japan.

Kyôwarawa. (Children of Kyôto), (C.japonica), Kasuya, Kamegorô, 1859, Tsubaki Irohanayose Irotsuki. A small sized, snow white single, convex form flower. Early blooming. Originated in Japan. See JCS., 1969, Tsubaki, No.7, p.38. (Believed extinct.)

Kyoyo. (unknown), (Higo), Tamura, Teruo, 1956, Higo Tsubaki Shinkaki, (9):2, 33-34: Medium size, single. Red spots on white. Originated in Japan.

Kyûbei-sarasa-kingyo. (Kyûbei’s Variegated Fishtail), (C.japonica), Mizuno, 1829, Sômoku Kinyôshû in section on dotted leaves. Originated in Japan. (Believed extinct.)

Kyûfun-cha. (Pink Palace Camellia), (C.japonica), Yashiro, 1841, Kokon Yôrankô. Different reading ‘Miyako-cha’. Chinese reading ‘Gongfen-cha’. No description. Originated in China. Don Ellison, Camellias, A Photo Dictionary, 1997, p.53 with colour photo; Pink formal double, medium size, with raised centre. Flowers mid-season. Medium, upright growth. Kyûkyoku. Inazawa Nurseries Co. Ltd Catalogue, 1987, C-19. Japaene synonym for the Chinese C.japonica Jiuqi. Kyȗrai. Oita Agricultural Park, Japan, Camellia List May 2011 – Gardens of Excellence Application. No details. Kyuto-nishiki. Wada, 1941, Japanese Garden Treasure, p.32. Corruption of the Japanese name Kyô-nishiki.

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