Doutorado Em Comunicao E Semiotica Selma Felerico 22 De Agosto

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Doutorado Em Comunicao E Semiotica Selma Felerico 22 De Agosto PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO Selma Peleias Felerico Garrini Do Corpo Desmedido ao Corpo Ultramedido A revisão do corpo na Revista Veja de 1968 a 2010. DOUTORADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E SEMIÓTICA Tese apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Doutor em Comunicação e Semiótica sob a orientação do Profa. Doutora Jerusa Pires Ferreira SÃO PAULO 2010 1 Banca Examinadora _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ 2 Agradecimentos Aos meus pais por darem vida a meu corpo. Ao meu marido Wilson, por emprestar seu talento nas ilustrações corporais e estar sempre ao meu lado. Ao meu filho Pedro, corpo rico em emoções: o maior presente que a natureza me deu. A Tania, corpo motivador, conselheiro e parceiro em meus estudos corporais. A Kathia, corpo amigo que encontrei em minha caminhada corporal. Ao Cezarotto, corpo observador em meu mestrado e doutorado A Jerusa, o corpo orientador desse trabalho. A Cecília, corpo genético acolhedor em meus estudos. A Suzete e a Rosangela, corpos revisores dos meus textos. E a todos os corpos femininos inspiradores desse trabalho. 3 RESUMO Considerando que a revista Veja é publicação de interesse geral e de maior circulação no país e também um manual de conduta sociocultural, desde os anos de 1960, o objeto desta pesquisa é a imagem do corpo feminino e suas significações passíveis de serem analisadas nas reportagens de capa da revista Veja que tratam do culto ao corpo, desde sua criação em 11 de setembro de 1968 até 2010. Qual a imagem de corpo feminino que a Veja editou ao longo dos seus 42 anos de existência? Esse é o problema deste trabalho. A partir dai, tem-se outras questões que norteiam essa investigação: Que corpos foram excluídos pela revista, desde sua criação em 1968 até os dias atuais? Que marcas e significações corporais são codificadas no discurso midiático da Veja ? Que traços corporais a revista reflete e retrata? O objetivo geral é analisar as metamorfoses estéticas nos modos de tratar o corpo neste semanário, verificando-se ainda como a revista construiu seu diálogo com o leitor. Os objetivos específicos são: registrar e categorizar os vários tipos de corpos apresentados na Veja , desde o início de sua publicação, e identificar quais modelos são deixados de lado. A hipótese central desta pesquisa é que no discurso midiático não há um ideal de corpo padronizado, mas um corpo ultramedido , normatizado por tal discurso, de acordo com os costumes sociais e as práticas de consumo de cada período da história, considerando que a espetacularização corporal da sociedade brasileira é retratada, dissecada, observada e ditada pela Veja. Para acompanhar as alterações dos corpos e identificar signos transformadores da imagem feminina na sociedade brasileira, o corpus é composto de 56 capas da Veja e as respectivas reportagens de capa que têm como tema central o culto ao corpo. A metodologia de trabalho percorreu a seguinte ordem: revisão bibliográfica a fim de selecionar bases teóricas sobre a questão proposta neste trabalho, além de pesquisa documental para análise das imagens do corpo. O trabalho tem a possibilidade de contribuir com os novos estudos do corpo na área de Comunicação e da análise das significações das imagens corporais e comportamentais da história brasileira recente. Palavras-chave: corpo ultramedido; culto ao corpo; beleza feminina; revista Veja 4 ABSTRACT Considering that the newsmagazine Veja is a publication of general interest and of main circulation in Brazil and that it has also been a handbook of socio-cultural behaviour since the 1960s., we chose as the object of this research the image of the female body and its meanings liable to be analysed in the cover reports of Veja Magazine which deal with the cult of the body, since its creation on 11 th September 1968 to 2010. Which is the image of the female body that Veja has edited in the course of its 42 years of existence? This is the problem we discuss in this work. Based on this topic, there are other questions which guide this investigation: Which bodies have been excluded by the magazine, from its creation in 1968 until nowadays? Which corporal marks and meanings are codified in the media discourse of Veja ? Which corporal features does the magazine reveal and depict? The general objective is to analyse the aesthetic metamorphoses gone trough by the manners of dealing with the body in this weekly newsmagazine and also to verify the way in which the newsmagazine constructed its dialogue with its readers. The specific objectives are: to register and to categorize the different types of bodies which have been presented in Veja , since the beginning of its publication and to identify which models are left out. The central hypothesis of this research is the fact that in media discourse there is no ideal of standardized body, but an unshapely body, normalized by such discourse, in accordance with the social customs and the consumption practices of each period of history, taking into consideration that the corporal spectacularization of Brazilian society is depicted, dissected, observed and dictated by Veja . To accompany the alterations of the bodies and to identify the transforming signs of the feminine image in Brazilian society, the corpus is compounded of 56 Veja covers and the respective cover reports which have as a central subject matter the cult of the body. The methodology of the research went through the following order: bibliographical revision in order to select theoretical bases concerning the question which is proposed in this work and documentary research in order to analyse the images of the body. This work offers the possibility of contributing to the new body studies in the field of Communication and to the analysis of the meanings of the body and behaviour images in Brazil´ s recent history. Keywords: ultrashapely body; cult of the body; feminine beauty; Veja Newsmagazine. 5 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO .............................................................................................................. 07 CAPÍTULO 1 – CORPOS APRENDENDO O CONSUMO .......................................... 28 CAPÍTULO 2 – CORPOS EM CONSUMO ................................................................... 75 CAPÍTULO 3 – CORPOS CONSUMINDO ................................................................. 113 CAPÍTULO 4 – CORPOS COMO CONSUMO ........................................................... 155 CAPÍTULO 5 – CORPOS REPENSANDO O CONSUMO ........................................ 185 CAPÍTULO 6 – CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ............................................................ 218 BIBLIOGRAFIA .......................................................................................................... 227 HEMEROGRAFIA ....................................................................................................... 235 LISTA DAS CAPAS, ILUSTRAÇÕES E FOTOS ...................................................... 241 WEBGRAFIA ............................................................................................................... 246 6 Introdução Ilustração: Wilson Garrini Não sei Que intensa magia Teu corpo irradia Que me deixa louco assim Mulher Custódio Mesquita e Sadi Cabral (1939) 7 Meu corpo não é meu corpo É ilusão de outro ser. Carlos Drumond de Andrade POR QUE ESTUDAR O CORPO FEMININO Corpo objeto, corpo suporte, corpo sujeito, tudo é corpo. Este passou a ter um papel essencial nos processos de aquisição de identidade e de socialização no século XX. “Somos o que enxergamos no espelho e o que exibimos como imagem” (KEHL, 2005, p. 175). O espelho reflete a verdade absoluta. Realidade que obriga o indivíduo, em particular a mulher, a preparar-se cuidadosamente para exibir um corpo escultural. No decorrer desta pesquisa, percebeu-se que segmentos do discurso midiático dão grande ênfase ao tema do corpo. Por isso, urge considerá-lo um elemento fundamental da cultura que registra os signos, os hábitos cotidianos e as práticas de consumo da sociedade. O ideal de beleza e de perfeição reflete os valores culturais e religiosos cultuados em cada época, muitas vezes, traçados ou tatuados no próprio corpo. Para Villaça (2007), o corpo constitui um subsistema cultural por meio do qual geramos valor, coesão e interação com todos. O corpo é nesse sentido uma carta palimpsesto, um mapa que foi muitas vezes redesenhado, por isso nele é possível reconhecer a demarcação de certos percursos identitários. Há marcas, as mais comuns a todos, que são gerencionais e se inscrevem no território corporal ao longo dos anos, como resultado de um processo natural de corrupção e ao qual se pode adiar cada vez mais, nos dias de hoje, porém nunca de maneira definitiva. (NETO, 2006, p. 57). Considerar o corpo um texto de cultura, de acordo com Lotman (1981), no que se refere à mídia e à comunicação em geral foi o caminho escolhido. Para o autor, um texto não representa uma simples sucessão de signos no intervalo de dois extremos. “Uma organização interna que o transforma, ao nível sintagmático, num sistema estrutural é próprio do texto” (LOTMAN, 1981, p. 106). Nessa perspectiva, o corpo pode ser entendido como um texto de cultura, pois o processo de aquisição identitária do indivíduo inscreve-se no próprio corpo, expresso em tatuagens, vestimentas, cortes de cabelo, acessórios, gestos, danças, entre outros sinais corporais.
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