Harry S. Truman As a Modern Cyrus
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The Department of Justice and the Limits of the New Deal State, 1933-1945
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AND THE LIMITS OF THE NEW DEAL STATE, 1933-1945 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Maria Ponomarenko December 2010 © 2011 by Maria Ponomarenko. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/ms252by4094 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. David Kennedy, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Richard White, Co-Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mariano-Florentino Cuellar Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Acknowledgements My principal thanks go to my adviser, David M. -
W. Averell Harriman Papers a Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress
W. Averell Harriman Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2016 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Catalog Record: https://lccn.loc.gov/mm85061911 Additional search options available at: https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms003012 Prepared by Allan Teichroew with the assistance of Haley Barnett, Connie L. Cartledge, Paul Colton, Marie Friendly, Patrick Holyfield, Allyson H. Jackson, Patrick Kerwin, Mary A. Lacy, Sherralyn McCoy, John R. Monagle, Susie H. Moody, Sheri Shepherd, and Thelma Queen Revised by Connie L. Cartledge with the assistance of Karen Stuart, 1999 Revised by Michael Folkerts, 2016 Finding aid encoded by Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 2003 Revised 2016 October Collection Summary Title: W. Averell Harriman Papers Span Dates: 1869-2008 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1895-1986) ID No.: MSS61911 Creator: Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986 Extent: 346,760 items Extent: 1,041 containers plus 11 classified and 75 oversize Extent: 529.9 linear feet Extent: 54 microfilm reels Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. LC Catalog record: https://lccn.loc.gov/mm85061911 Summary: Diplomat, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and politician. Correspondence, memoranda, family papers, business records, diplomatic accounts, speeches, statements and writings, photographs, and other papers documenting Harriman's career in business, finance, politics, and public service, particularly during the Franklin Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy, Johnson, and Carter presidential administrations. Online Content: A digital copy of the Alaska expedition album is available is available on the Library of Congress Web site at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.amrvm03. -
President Harry S Truman's Office Files, 1945–1953
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of RESEARCH COLLECTIONS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Microforms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN’S OFFICE FILES, 1945–1953 Part 2: Correspondence File UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of RESEARCH COLLECTIONS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Microforms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN’S OFFICE FILES, 1945–1953 Part 2: Correspondence File Project Coordinators Gary Hoag Paul Kesaris Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by David W. Loving A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3389 LCCN: 90-956100 Copyright© 1989 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-151-7. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................ v Scope and Content Note ....................................................................................................... xi Source and Editorial Note ..................................................................................................... xiii Reel Index Reel 1 A–Atomic Energy Control Commission, United Nations ......................................... 1 Reel 2 Attlee, Clement R.–Benton, William ........................................................................ 2 Reel 3 Bowles, Chester–Chronological -
The Origins of George F. Kennan's Theory of Containment: Stalin's Russia and the Failure of U.S. Foreign Policy
Powell 1 The Origins of George F. Kennan’s Theory of Containment: Stalin’s Russia and the Failure of U.S. Foreign Policy Becky Powell Rice University’s History Department’s Honors Senior Thesis March 27, 2017 Powell 2 Introduction Kennan’s Containment Reconsidered: A New Context for Containment On a train headed to Moscow in 1933, a young, slightly naïve U.S. diplomat sat up all night, restless as he traveled through the once forbidden lands of the U.S.S.R. On the other side of the compartment, a Russian from the Soviet official news agency felt no such giddiness. Instead, he made himself at home in their tight quarters, stretching “himself out in his underwear” and sleeping “the sleep of the innocent.” George F. Kennan cared little though; he remained too excited at the prospect of setting up the new U.S. embassy in Moscow and living in the country he had learned to admire so much from afar. Reflecting back on the ride not long after, however, Kennan could only speak of it cynically. His compartment companion had almost certainly since that time “gone the way of most Soviet citizens who had contacts with foreigners in those days, and either…lost his head entirely or [was] laying it on a less comfortable pillow.” Years later, he would avoid conversation with everyday Russians he met while walking through Moscow, resigned to save them the trouble of explaining their actions to the Soviet secret police, who followed him everywhere.1 In time, the weight and ever present shadow of the Soviet regime in Stalin’s Russia, hardened Kennan as it had hardened the Soviet people. -
Civillibertieshstlookinside.Pdf
Civil Liberties and the Legacy of Harry S. Truman The Truman Legacy Series, Volume 9 Based on the Ninth Truman Legacy Symposium The Civil Liberties Legacy of Harry S. Truman May 2011 Key West, Florida Edited by Richard S. Kirkendall Civil Liberties and the LEGACY of Harry S. Truman Edited by Richard S. Kirkendall Volume 9 Truman State University Press Copyright © 2013 Truman State University Press, Kirksville, Missouri, 63501 All rights reserved tsup.truman.edu Cover photo: President Truman delivers a speech on civil liberties to the American Legion, August 14, 1951 (Photo by Acme, copy in Truman Library collection, HSTL 76- 332). All reasonable attempts have been made to locate the copyright holder of the cover photo. If you believe you are the copyright holder of this photograph, please contact the publisher. Cover design: Teresa Wheeler Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Civil liberties and the legacy of Harry S. Truman / edited by Richard S. Kirkendall. pages cm. — (Truman legacy series ; 9) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-61248-084-8 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61248-085-5 (ebook) 1. Truman, Harry S., 1884–1972—Political and social views. 2. Truman, Harry S., 1884–1972—Influence. 3. Civil rights—United States—History—20th century. 4. United States. Constitution. 1st–10th Amendments. 5. Cold War—Political aspects—United States. 6. Anti-communist movements—United States— History—20th century. 7. United States—Politics and government—1945–1953. I. Kirkendall, Richard Stewart, 1928– E814.C53 2013 973.918092—dc23 2012039360 No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any format by any means without written permission from the publisher. -
UCLA Historical Journal
s "They Never Stopped Watching Us": FBI Political Surveillance, 1924-1936 David Williams We never knew . about the way that Hoover ' FBI kept track of us after the 1924 reform an- nouncements. They never stopped watching us. — Roger Baldwin to Alan VJestin, 1977 '^ Since 1976, when the "Church Committee" uncovered a pattern of FBI abuses dating back to the 19 30s, considera- ble attention has focused on how the federal government can effectively control the FBI's domestic intelligence activities and prevent a resumption of widespread surveil- lance of lawful political activities. Legislation cur- rently before Congress proposes to charter the FBI and spells out in considerable detail the Bureau's criminal and intelligence responsibilities. While the Justice De- David Williams received his B.A. in History from Marquette University and completed his Ph.D. in modern American constitutional /legal his- tory at the University of New Hampshire. He is currently a student at Cornell University' s School of Law. 2 3 UCLA HISTORICAL JOURNAL partment and representatives of civil liberties and pro- fessional organizations are still debating the particu- lars, both sides share a common goal: an effective law enforcement agency which will not violate the law in pur- suit of its mission. This is the second major attempt in the Bureau's seventy-three year history to restrict FBI political sur- veillance. In May 1924, Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone, armed with a mandate from President Calvin Coo- lidge to clean up the scandal-ridden Justice Department, ordered the Federal Bureau of Investigation to limit its investigations to violations of federal statutes. -
Confronting Soviet Power Confronting Soviet Paul C
Confronting Soviet Power Confronting Soviet Paul C. Avey Power U.S. Policy during the Early Cold War For many, the behav- ior of the United States in the early Cold War highlights the inºuence of ideas in foreign policy. According to this view, American liberalism directly faced off against Soviet Communism after World War II. This caused the United States to abandon collaboration, deªne the Soviet Union as an enemy, and implement a series of combative policies. In other words, Soviet power became a threat because the Soviet Union was a Communist dictatorship.1 To be sure, works in the realist tradition contend that balance of power concerns motivated U.S. policy. Yet these explanations often sidestep the role of ideas,2 blur the role of power and ideas,3 or incorporate ideas into their analysis.4 In short, many scholars accept that ideas were critical in pushing the United States to confront the Soviet Union and Communism. A close look at early Cold War history, however, suggests that U.S. policy was often inconsistent with the most prominent ideational explanations for U.S. behavior toward the Soviets. For instance, the United States genuinely at- tempted to engage the Soviet Union in the early postwar period despite aware- ness of the totalitarian nature of Soviet Communism. In addition, U.S. policy initially tolerated Communist groups beyond the Soviet Union and later tar- geted them to prevent Soviet expansion. Finally, the United States did not seri- Paul C. Avey is a Ph.D. candidate in political science at the University of Notre Dame. -
Can There Be Societal Trustees in America Today?
GoodWork® Project Report Series, Number 43 Can There Be Societal Trustees in America Today? By Dr. Howard Gardner The GoodWork® Project HARVARD UNIVERSITY Project Zero 124 Mt. Auburn St. Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] December 2005 Jeff Solomon, Series Editor GoodWork® Project Harvard University COPYRIGHT 2005. All Rights Reserved. Can There Be Societal Trustees in America Today? By Howard Gardner A half century ago, the idea of the American trustee was a familiar one. At that time, one could readily name several individuals who were well known, widely respected and claimed to be disinterested in the sense that they were no strongly identified with a single party or interest group. When the country faced problems, both the elite and ordinary citizens looked to these individuals for guidance- hence, they were often termed “wise men”. Gardner discusses the decline of trustees in American society and describes an empirical investigation of the phenomenon of social trusteeship. Gardner wonders whether there is a contemporary equivalent of past day’s trustees or whether the concept of trustees is one whose time has perhaps come and gone. 2 Can There Be Societal Trustees in America Today? Howard Gardner Harvard University A half century ago, the idea of the American trustee was a familiar one. At that time, one could readily name several individuals who were well-known, widely respected, and considered to be disinterested in the sense that they were not strongly identified with a single party or interest group. When the country faced problems, both the elite and ordinary citizens looked to these individuals for guidance—hence, they were often termed “wise men.” Howard Gardner, the John H. -
Norm Consolidation in the European Union: the EU14-Austria Crisis in 2000
Norm Consolidation in the European Union: The EU14-Austria Crisis in 2000 Acta Wexionensia No 75/2005 Political Science Norm Consolidation in the European Union: The EU14-Austria Crisis in 2000 Rebecka Ulfgard Växjö University Press Norm Consolidation in the European Union: The EU14-Austria Crisis in 2000. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Växjö University, Sweden 2005 Series editors: Tommy Book and Kerstin Brodén ISSN: 1404-4307 ISBN: 91-7636-482-8 Printed by: Intellecta Docusys, Gothenburg 2005 Abstract Ulfgard, Rebecka (2005). Norm Consolidation in the European Union: The EU14-Austria Crisis in 2000. Acta Wexionensia No. 75/2005. ISSN: 1404-4307, ISBN: 91-7636-482-8. Written in English. In late January 2000, the EU14 initiated a protest co-ordinated by the Portuguese EU Presidency against the coalition between Wolfgang Schüssel’s ÖVP and Jörg Haider’s right-wing extremist/populist FPÖ, accused of violating EU fundamen- tal values expressed in Article 6(1) TEU. When the government took office on 4 February diplomatic ‘sanctions’ were launched. During spring, the EU14’s wider interpretations of the sanctions, clumsy handling of Austrian countermeasures and deficient strategy on dismantling the protest contributed to crisis escalation. The solution was the appointment of so-called ‘wise men’ to evaluate the politi- cal nature of the FPÖ and the effects of the EU14’s ‘diplomatic whipping’ on government policies. Shortly after the Wise Men Report was published the EU14 lifted the ‘sanctions’ unconditionally, but insistent question marks remained. At the informal European Council meeting in Biarritz 13-14 October, the EU14 and the Austrian government agreed on amendments to the trigger mechanisms for the ‘sanctions article’, Article 7 TEU, incorporated in the Nice Treaty from De- cember 2000. -
The U.S. Recognition of Israel: a Bureaucratic Politics Model Analysis
The U.S. Recognition of Israel: A Bureaucratic Politics Model Analysis Nilay Saiya Political Science Villanova University The outsider believes a Presidential order is consistently followed out. Nonsense. I have to spend considerable time seeing that it is carried out and in the spirit the President intended. Inevitably, in the nature of bureaucracy, departments become pressure groups for a point of view. If the President decides against them, they are convinced some evil influence worked on the President: if only he knew all the facts, he would have decided their way. –Richard Nixon1 The bureaucratic politics model holds that each bureaucracy in the federal government has institutional beliefs it is seeking to maximize. The competition is based upon relative power and influence. I seek to examine how these competing bureaucracies helped influence U.S. foreign policy toward Israel during the Truman administration. Specifically I hope to address the following question: How does the bureaucratic politics model explain the United States decision to recognize Israel? According to bureaucratic politics theory, decisions are determined not by rational choice or chief actors but through a give-and-take bargaining process conducted by various parties of the government. Rather than unitary actors, this model maintains that governmental decisions are the result of individuals or organizations vying for position and power. Therefore, the outcomes are a direct result of bureaucratic competition. Prominent scholars of the bureaucratic politics model -
President Harry S Truman's Office Files, 1945–1953
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of RESEARCH COLLECTIONS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Microforms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN’S OFFICE FILES, 1945–1953 Part 1: Political File UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of RESEARCH COLLECTIONS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Microforms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editor: William E. Leuchtenburg PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN’S OFFICE FILES, 1945–1953 Part 1: Political File Project Coordinators Gary Hoag Paul Kesaris Robert Lester Guide compiled by David W. Loving A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3389 LCCN: 90-956100 Copyright© 1989 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-150-9. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................ v Scope and Content Note ....................................................................................................... xi Source and Editorial Note ..................................................................................................... xiii Reel Index Reel 1 Alabama–Campaign Data ....................................................................................... 1 Reel 2 Campaign Data cont.–Democratic National Committee ......................................... 2 Reel 3 Democratic National Committee cont.–L -
George F. Kennan and the Vietnam War, 1950-1968 Randall Doyle Grand Valley State University
Grand Valley Review Volume 27 | Issue 1 Article 11 2004 The Reluctant Heretic: George F. Kennan and the Vietnam War, 1950-1968 Randall Doyle Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/gvr Recommended Citation Doyle, Randall (2004) "The Reluctant Heretic: George F. Kennan and the Vietnam War, 1950-1968," Grand Valley Review: Vol. 27: Iss. 1, Article 11. Available at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/gvr/vol27/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@GVSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Grand Valley Review by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@GVSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ment service, were The Reluctant unpopularity ofU.~ Thus, this artid lowing: Heretic: George a)The origins of the post-WWII pe1 E Kennan and sophical foundatim political and militaJ b)Kennan's willi the Vietnam War, eign policy during 1 c)Kennan's reluc rgso-rg68 policies concerning the wrath of the "~ establishment upor ot a perfect man. Not a man without human d)Kennan's lega1 weaknesses. Nevertheless, he remained a proud Professor 'fV!ndall crJoyle is N ment in Vietnam ac man with uncommon wisdom, unafraid to express currently a Visiting cASsistant Pro held concerning otl inner thoughts even if it caused him pain or humili fessor in the %story crJepartment e)The lessons th: ation. Insecure and thin-skinned, he had a need to be at grand Valley Jtate University. learn from its great heard. This serious man struck by bouts of depression, CJ!is primary teaching and research affected American foreign policy like no other since Part 1: The Origi areas are UJ.