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Atoms for Peace: Eisenhower and Nuclear Technology
NATIONAL EISENHOWER MEMORIAL EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS LESSON Atoms for Peace: Eisenhower and Nuclear Technology Duration One 45-minute period Grades 7–12 Cross-curriculum Application U.S. History, World History, Media Arts NATIONAL EISENHOWER MEMORIAL LESSON: ATOMS FOR PEACE | 1 EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS Historical Background The advancement of nuclear technology and the subsequent devastation to Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 1945 from atomic bombs dropped on them during the final stages of World War II introduced a completely new means of waging war to the world. The fears that Americans associ- ated with nuclear weapons only increased as first the Soviet Union and then communist China developed their own atomic bombs. The issue of nuclear power was not just a problem for America but a global challenge, compli- cated largely by the lack of scientific data regarding military effect and environmental impact. It was within this context that Eisenhower took the unprecedented step of promoting the use of atoms for peace rather than for war. To convince Americans that nuclear power had positive benefits for the country, the federal government under Eisenhower launched a program called “Atoms for Peace.” The program took its name from a stunning speech delivered by Eisenhower to the United Nations General Assembly in 1953. Eisenhower believed that “the only way to win World War III is to prevent it.” He recommended the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to help diffuse political tensions and solve the “fearful atomic dilemma” by both monitoring atomic weapons and support- ing research into peaceful uses for atomic energy such as medicine and agriculture. -
Richard G. Hewlett and Jack M. Holl. Atoms
ATOMS PEACE WAR Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission Richard G. Hewlett and lack M. Roll With a Foreword by Richard S. Kirkendall and an Essay on Sources by Roger M. Anders University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London Published 1989 by the University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England Prepared by the Atomic Energy Commission; work made for hire. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hewlett, Richard G. Atoms for peace and war, 1953-1961. (California studies in the history of science) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Nuclear energy—United States—History. 2. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission—History. 3. Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969. 4. United States—Politics and government-1953-1961. I. Holl, Jack M. II. Title. III. Series. QC792. 7. H48 1989 333.79'24'0973 88-29578 ISBN 0-520-06018-0 (alk. paper) Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CONTENTS List of Illustrations vii List of Figures and Tables ix Foreword by Richard S. Kirkendall xi Preface xix Acknowledgements xxvii 1. A Secret Mission 1 2. The Eisenhower Imprint 17 3. The President and the Bomb 34 4. The Oppenheimer Case 73 5. The Political Arena 113 6. Nuclear Weapons: A New Reality 144 7. Nuclear Power for the Marketplace 183 8. Atoms for Peace: Building American Policy 209 9. Pursuit of the Peaceful Atom 238 10. The Seeds of Anxiety 271 11. Safeguards, EURATOM, and the International Agency 305 12. -
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008
Copyright by Paul Harold Rubinson 2008 The Dissertation Committee for Paul Harold Rubinson certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War Committee: —————————————————— Mark A. Lawrence, Supervisor —————————————————— Francis J. Gavin —————————————————— Bruce J. Hunt —————————————————— David M. Oshinsky —————————————————— Michael B. Stoff Containing Science: The U.S. National Security State and Scientists’ Challenge to Nuclear Weapons during the Cold War by Paul Harold Rubinson, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2008 Acknowledgements Thanks first and foremost to Mark Lawrence for his guidance, support, and enthusiasm throughout this project. It would be impossible to overstate how essential his insight and mentoring have been to this dissertation and my career in general. Just as important has been his camaraderie, which made the researching and writing of this dissertation infinitely more rewarding. Thanks as well to Bruce Hunt for his support. Especially helpful was his incisive feedback, which both encouraged me to think through my ideas more thoroughly, and reined me in when my writing overshot my argument. I offer my sincerest gratitude to the Smith Richardson Foundation and Yale University International Security Studies for the Predoctoral Fellowship that allowed me to do the bulk of the writing of this dissertation. Thanks also to the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy at Yale University, and John Gaddis and the incomparable Ann Carter-Drier at ISS. -
Amerasia Affair, China, and Postwar Anti-Communist Fervor
http://gdc.gale.com/archivesunbound/ AMERASIA AFFAIR, CHINA, AND POSTWAR ANTI-COMMUNIST FERVOR The Amerasia Affair was the first of the great spy cases of the postwar era. Unlike Alger Hiss or the Rosenberg cases, it did not lead to an epic courtroom confrontation or imprisonment or execution of any of the principals. The Amerasia Affair sheds light not only on debate as to who "lost" China, Soviet espionage, McCarthyism, and the loyalty program, but also on the bureaucratic intricacies of anti-communism in Washington. Date Range: 1945-1973 Content: 14,164 images Source Library: Federal Bureau of Investigation Library Detailed Description: The Amerasia Affair was the first of the great spy cases of the postwar era. Unlike Alger Hiss or the Rosenberg cases, it did not lead to an epic courtroom confrontation or imprisonment or execution of any of the principals. Today it is far less known or remembered than the others. Nevertheless, it prompted several congressional investigations, stirred-up partisan controversy and threatened to destroy the political reputations of several important government officials. It was the first public drama featuring charges that respectable American citizens had spied for the Communists. The Amerasia Affair contributed heavily to the creation of McCarthyism in American life. Thanks to the availability of these FBI records, most of the Amerasia story can be uncovered. The Amerasia Affair sheds light not only on debate as to who "lost" China, Soviet espionage, McCarthyism, and the loyalty program, but also on the bureaucratic intricacies of anti-communism in Washington. What came to be called the "Amerasia Affair" began when Kenneth Wells, an analyst for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), noticed that an article printed in the January 26, 1945, issue of the magazine Amerasia was almost identical to a 1944 report he had written on Thailand. -
The American Liberty League and the Rise of Constitutional Nationalism Jared Goldstein Roger Williams University School of Law
Roger Williams University DOCS@RWU Law Faculty Scholarship Law Faculty Scholarship Winter 2014 The American Liberty League and the Rise of Constitutional Nationalism Jared Goldstein Roger Williams University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.rwu.edu/law_fac_fs Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Law and Politics Commons Recommended Citation Jared A. Goldstein, The American Liberty League and the Rise of Constitutional Nationalism, 86 Temp. L. Rev. 287, 330 (2014) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Faculty Scholarship at DOCS@RWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DOCS@RWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: Jared A. Goldstein, The American Liberty League and the Rise of Constitutional Nationalism, 86 Temp. L. Rev. 287, 330 (2014) Provided by: Roger Williams University School of Law Library Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Thu Nov 16 15:40:33 2017 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: Copyright Information Use QR Code reader to send PDF to your smartphone or tablet device THE AMERICAN LIBERTY LEAGUE AND THE RISE OF CONSTITUTIONAL NATIONALISM JaredA. Goldstein* This Article launches a project to identify constitutional nationalism-the conviction that the nation'sfundamentalvalues are embodied in the Constitution-as a recurring phenomenon in American public life that has profoundly affected both popular and elite understandingof the Constitution. -
War Responsibility of the Chinese Communist Party, the Ussr and Communism
WAR RESPONSIBILITY OF THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY, THE USSR AND COMMUNISM How the US became entangled in the Comintern’s master plan to communize Asia Ezaki Michio, Senior fellow, Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference) Shock waves from Venona files continue to reverberate The Venona files have unmasked more than a few Soviet spies who infiltrated the US government during the World War II era. With the disclosure of the transcripts, what has for decades been a suspicion is on the point of becoming a certainty: the Roosevelt administration was collaborating with the Soviet Union and the CCP (Chinese Communist Party). A retrospective debate is in progress, and with it a reexamination of the historical view of that period; both have accelerated rapidly in recent years. The term “Venona files” is used to describe code messages exchanged between Soviet spies in the US and Soviet Intelligence Headquarters that were intercepted and decrypted by US Signals Intelligence Service personnel. The NSA (National Security Agency) released the transcripts to the public in 1995. As more of these messages were disclosed and analyzed, they revealed evidence likely to prove conclusively that at least 200 Soviet spies (or sympathizers) worked for the US government as civil servants. Their members included Alger Hiss ① (hereinafter I shall place numbers after the names of influential individuals, and use boldface font to indicate communists or communist sympathizers).1 Suspicions that there were Soviet spies in the Roosevelt administration date back more than 60 years. In 1948 Time magazine editor Whittaker Chambers, testifying before the House Committee on Un-American Activities, accused Alger Hiss ① of spying for the USSR. -
Communism a Jewish Talmudic Concept Know Your Enemy
Communism A jewish Talmudic Concept Know Your Enemy By Willie Martin Preface Chapter One – The Beginning of Communism Began With The Illuminati Chapter Two – Communism, The Illuminati and Freemasonry Chapter Three – The Khazars of Russia Become Jews Chapter Four – Jewish Ritual Mirder Chapter Five – Jewish Hatred For Christians Rekindled Chapter Six – Socialism To Be Substituted For Communism Chapter Seven – Russia Is Still Controlled By The Jews Chapter Eight – America Must Not Allow Itself To Be Deceived Any Longer Chapter Nine – Communism Is Jewish – The United States of America Has Come Under Jewish Control Chapter Ten – Jews Take Control of The Roman Catholic Church Chapter Eleven – Origin of The Jews Chapter Twelve – Communism A Jewish Talmudic Concept Conclusion Bibliographie Notes Page | 1 Preface To prove the title is true, we must lay a little ground work, before we get to the meat of the situation. Paul told us: "...we have many things to say, and hard to be uttered, seeing ye {most Christians} are dull of hearing. For when the time ye ought to be teachers, ye have need that one teach you again which be the first principles of the oracles of God; And are become such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat. For everyone that useth milk is unskillful in the word of righteousness: for he is a babe. But strong meat {the real truth of what is happening in the world today} belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil {are able to understand}." [1] There are many who look but do not see, listen but do not hear as God told us, that True Israel, the Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Celtic and kindred people were: "Son of man, thou dwellest in the midst of a rebellious house, which have eyes to see, and see not; they have ears to hear, and hear not: for they are a rebellious house." [2] They join the latest and current cliche or clique because it has the appeal of the hour. -
The Department of Justice and the Limits of the New Deal State, 1933-1945
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AND THE LIMITS OF THE NEW DEAL STATE, 1933-1945 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Maria Ponomarenko December 2010 © 2011 by Maria Ponomarenko. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/ms252by4094 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. David Kennedy, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Richard White, Co-Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mariano-Florentino Cuellar Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Acknowledgements My principal thanks go to my adviser, David M. -
The Legislative History of the Burke-Wadsworth Act Of
THE LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE BURKE-WADSWORTH ACT OF 1940 By DONALD EUGENE HOUSTON vi Bachelor of Science Midwestern University Wichita Fallsu Texas 1960 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 0 1969 :01<LAISM'A STAlfE tuN1w:ifsJft b.llBRA.~V THE LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE BURKE-WADSWORTH ACT OF 1940 Thesis Approvedi Dean of the Graduate College 729968 ii PREFACE The American military tradition has been that a small Regular Army backed by the militia should defend the Nationo The second aspect of that tradition has generally found the United States not preparing for war until after the nation was involved in combato The Burke-Wadsworth Act of 1940 represented an attempt to change that philosophy and create a.n enlarged trained Army with a large force of Reserves o This was to be doneu hopefullyu to avoid having the United States enter World War IIo The progress of the Burke-Wads worth bill from its initial beginnings to its enactment provides the basis for this studyo The writer.wishes to express his sincere appreciation to those who have aided in the preparation of this thesiso Special considerations must go to Dro Norbert Ro Mahnkenu the major thesis adviseru and Dro John Ao Sylvesteru both of whom read and offered much constructive criticismu as well as guidance and encouragemento Lastu but far from leastu appreciation goes to my wifeu Guyla Ann Houstonu who readu editedu corrected and typed the thesisu and whose con stant encouragement led to its completiono Any errors in iii fact or interpretationv howeveru remain the responsibility of the writero iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page . -
Smith, Walter B. Papers.Pdf
Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library & Museum Audiovisual Department Walter Bedell Smith: Papers 66-299--66-402-567; 68-459--68-464; 70-38; 70-45; 70-102--70-104; 70-185-1--70-185-48; 70-280-1--70-280-342 66-299-1 Color Guard at a convocation in honor of Walter Bedell Smith at the University of South Carolina on October 20, 1953, in Columbia, South Carolina. Copyright: unknown. One 5x7 B&W print. 66-299-2 A convocation in honor of Walter Bedell Smith at the University of South Carolina on October 20, 1953, in Columbia, South Carolina. L to R: Major General John A. Dabney, Commanding General, Fort Jackson; Lt. General A. R. Bolling, Commanding General, the 3rd Army; Captain W.L. Anderson, commanding officer of the Naval ROTC; General Smith, Colonel H.C. Mewshaw, commanding officer of the South Carolina Military District; University President Donald S. Russell; Brigadier General C.M. McQuarris, assistant post commander at Fort Jackson; Colonel Raymond F. Wisehart, commanding officer, Air Force ROTC; and Carter Burgess, assistant to the University president. Copyright: unknown. One 5x7 B&W print. 66-299-3 A convocation in honor of Walter Bedell Smith at the University of South Carolina on October 20, 1953, in Columbia, South Carolina. L to R: General Smith, Dr. Orin F. Crow, dean of the University faculty; University President Donald S. Russell; and Dr. L.E. Brubaker, Chaplain of the University. Copyright: unknown. One 5x7 B&W print. 66-299-4 A convocation in honor of Walter Bedell Smith at the University of South Carolina on October 20, 1953, in Columbia, South Carolina. -
Harry S. Truman As a Modern Cyrus
BYU Studies Quarterly Volume 34 Issue 1 Article 2 1-1-1994 Harry S. Truman as a Modern Cyrus Michael T. Benson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Benson, Michael T. (1994) "Harry S. Truman as a Modern Cyrus," BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 34 : Iss. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol34/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Studies Quarterly by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Benson: Harry S. Truman as a Modern Cyrus harry S truman with chaim weizmann truman officially received weizmann on may 25 1948 the first time the head of the new jewish state was received by a US president on that occasion weizmann acknowledged trumanstromansTrumans role in the recognition of israel by presenting him with a set oftorahof torah scrolls abba eban recalled that truman was not fully briefed by his staff not understanding what was within the purple velvet covering truman responded ive always wanted a set of these courtesy of the bettmann archive Published by BYU ScholarsArchive, 1994 1 BYU Studies Quarterly, Vol. 34, Iss. 1 [1994], Art. 2 harry S truman as a modern cyrus despite concerted opposition from his advisors who saw the move as strategically unwise truman ignored strategy and -
Sharon L. Davies
SHARON L. DAVIES The Ohio State University Michael E. Moritz College of Law Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity Drinko Hall, Room 321 33 West 11th Avenue 55 West 11th Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201 Columbus, Ohio 43210 Telephone: (614) 688-3389 Facsimile: (614) 292-2035 E-mail: [email protected] CURRENT EMPLOYMENT Executive Director, Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity, The Ohio State University January 2012 – present John C. Elam/Vorys Sater Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University September 2011 – present OTHER EMPLOYMENT United States Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, New York, New York Assistant United States Attorney, Criminal Division August 1990 – February 1995 Lord Day & Lord, Barrett Smith, New York, New York Litigation Associate Summer 1988 – August 1990 Steptoe & Johnson, Washington, D.C. Litigation Associate Summer 1987 – Summer 1988 Lord Day & Lord, New York, New York Summer Associate Summer 1986 Rheinhardt & Shachter, Newark, New Jersey Summer Associate Summer 1985 TEACHING EXPERIENCE The Ohio State University, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, Columbus, Ohio John C. Elam/Vorys Sater Professor of Law – September 2011 to present John C. Elam/Vorys Sater Designated Professor of Law – December 2002 to 2011 Associate Dean for Faculty – January 2004 to June 2006: Professor of Law – August 2002 Associate Professor of Law – August 1999 Assistant Professor of Law – August 1995 to 1999 Principal Subjects: Criminal Law; Criminal Procedures; Evidence; Advanced Topic In Criminal Justice; Race and Law University of Michigan School of Law, Ann Arbor, Michigan Visiting Professor of Law – Fall Semester 2003 Subjects: Criminal Law; Advanced Topics in Criminal Justice (seminar) St Anne’s College, University of Oxford, Oxford, England The University of Oxford – Ohio State University Summer Law Program Associate Professor of Law – Summer 2001 Subject: Comparative Trial Practice EDUCATION Columbia University School of Law, New York, New York.