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Quick Check - Covalent Compounds Naming Covalent Compounds (That Are Not Organic) (Pogil) - Questions? - Turn It In

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Quick Check - Covalent Compounds Naming Covalent Compounds (That Are Not Organic) (Pogil) - Questions? - Turn It In Agenda Dec 3, 2018 Quick Check - covalent compounds Naming Covalent compounds (that are not organic) (Pogil) - questions? - Turn it in. Crystal growing lab set up Quick Check - covalent compounds 1. Write the structural formula for methane, CH4(g) 2. What does the (g) stands for in the formula above? 3. What would the molecular formula be for the following structural formula: 4. What do the : represent here? 5. Name the compound. 1. The structural formula for methane, CH4(g) is 2. In the formula above (g) means that the molecule is in the gaseous state (or gas phase). 3. What would the molecular formula be for the following structural formula: P2O5 You are not expected to know the physical state. 4. The 2 dots represent lone pairs of electrons sometimes called non-bonding pairs (valence electrons that are not involved in a covalent bond). 3. What would the molecular formula be for the following structural formula: P2O5 2 Ps 5 O. 5) Name: Diphosphorus pentoxide Organic molecules What patterns did you notice as you drew the structures, made the models and wrote the molecular formulas? Organic molecules Alkanes - all C-C, C-H single bonds Saturated hydrocarbons, main reactions are combustion CH4 + O2 → Organic molecules Alkanes - all C-C, C-H single bonds Saturated hydrocarbons, main reactions are combustion CH4 + O2 → CO2(g) + H2O skeleton equation Organic molecules Alkanes - all C-C, C-H single bonds Saturated hydrocarbons, main reactions are combustion CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2(g) + 2 H2O balanced equation Organic molecules Alkenes - all at least 1 C=C, rest C-C, C-H single bonds unsaturated hydrocarbons, main reactions are combustion And addition - across the double bond Organic molecules Alkynes - all at least 1 C to C triple bond, rest C-C, C-H single bonds unsaturated hydrocarbons, main reactions are combustion And addition - across the triple bond Organic molecules - there is a separate naming system Alcohols -OH Amines -NH2 Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, ethers, esters, amides Cyclic, aromatic = you get the picture, there is a lot to learn and do with organic molecules. Naming Molecular Compounds (that are not organic) How are the chemical formula and name of a molecular compound related? Model 1 - Molecular Compounds Molecular formula Number of Number of atoms Name of compound atoms of first of second element element ClF 1 1 Chlorine monofluoride ClF5 1 5 Chlorine pentafluoride CO 1 1 Carbon monoxide CO2 1 2 Carbon dioxide Cl2O 2 1 Dichlorine monoxide PCl5 1 5 Phosphorus pentachloride N2O5 2 5 Dinitrogen pentoxide 2. Examine the molecular formulas given in Model 1 for various molecular compounds. a) How many different elements are present in each compound shown? Two b) Do the compounds combine metals with metals, metals with nonmetals, or nonmetals with nonmetals? Nonmetals are combined with nonmetals in molecular compounds. c) Based on answer in b) the bonding in molecular compounds must be covalent. 3. Find all the compounds in Model 1 that have chlorine and fluorine in them. Explain why the name “chlorine fluoride” is not sufficient to identify a specific compound. There are two compounds with chlorine and fluorine. The name “chlorine fluoride” does not make it clear which compound it refers to. It could be the one with one fluorine atom, or the one with five fluorine atoms. 4. Assuming that the name of the compound gives a clue to its molecular formula, predict how many atoms each of these prefixes indicates, and provide two examples. Mono- one carbon monoxide, or chlorine monofluoride Di- two carbon dioxide or dinitrogen pentoxide Penta- five chlorine pentafluoride or phosphorus pentafluoride Model 2 - Prefixes and Suffixes Prefix Numerical value mono 1 di 2 tri 3 tetra 4 penta 5 hexa 6 hepta 7 octa 8 nona 9 deca 10 Prefix Numerical value mono 1 di 2 tri 3 tetra 4 penta 5 hexa 6 hepta 7 octa 8 nona 9 deca 10 Molecular Formula Name of compound BCl3 Boron trifluoride SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride IF7 Iodine heptafluoride NI3 Nitrogen triiodide N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide Molecular Formula Name of compound Cl2O Dichlorine monoxide P4O10 Tetraphosphorus decoxide B5H9 Pentaboron nonahydride Br3O8 Tribromine octoxide ClF Chlorine monofluoride 6. What suffix (ending) do all the compound names in Model 2 have in common? All the names end in the suffix -ide. 7. Carefully examine the names of the compounds in Model 2. When is a prefix NOT used in front of the name of an element? The prefix mono- is not used when there is only one atom of the element that appears first in the formula. 8. Consider the compound NO. a) Which element, nitrogen or oxygen, would require a prefix in the molecule name? Explain your answer. The element oxygen would require a prefix (mono-). The element N would not require a prefix since it is the element that appears first in the formula and the prefix mono- is not used in this case. 8. Consider the compound NO. b) Name the molecule NO. Its name would be nitrogen monoxide. 9. Find two compounds in Model 2 that contain a subscript of “4” in their molecular formula. a) List the formulas and names for the two compounds. N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide P4O10 tetraphosphorus pentoxide b) What is different about the spelling of the prefix meaning “four” in these two names? One of the names cuts off the “a” in tetra-, while the other one uses the whole prefix. 10. Find two compounds in Model 2 that contain the prefix “mono-” in their names. a) List the formulas and names for the two compounds. ClF chlorine monofluoride Cl2O dichlorine monoxide b) What is different about the spelling of the prefix meaning “one” in these two names? One of the names cuts off the last “o” in mono, while the other one uses the whole prefix. 11. Identify any remaining names of compounds in Model 2 where the prefixes do not exactly match the spelling shown in the prefix table. Tetraphosphorus decoxide (instead of decaoxide) Tribromine octoxide (instead of octooxide) 12. If a prefix ends in vowel and the element begins with a vowel, the vowel on the prefix is removed. Vowels are generally not repeated. 13. Nitrogen tri-iodide is easy to say even though there is a repeated vowel. If a prefix ends in vowel (a or o) and the element begins with a vowel (o), the vowel on the prefix is removed. 14. Binary molecular compounds contain 2 non-metallic elements only. 15. Rules for recognizing and naming binary molecular compounds from their chemical formulas. 1) Binary molecular compounds can be recognized because they contain only 2 elements and both elements will be nonmetals ( or a metalloid with a nonmetal). 2) Write a prefix in front of the name of the first element that corresponds with the subscript for that element, unless there is only one atom of the first element. In that case just write the name of the first element. 15. 3) Write the prefix corresponding to the subscript for the second element in front of the name of that element. 4) If a prefix ends in either an “a” or an “o” and the name of the element begins with an “o”, drop the final vowel from the prefix. 5) Remove the ending from the name of the second element and replace it with the suffix -ide. 16. FeI3 ICl5 HBrO4 Fe is a metal Yes, rules Not binary Not a molecular apply rules do not Compound apply 17. Use the rules to name the molecular compounds. Molecular formula Molecule name PBr3 Phosphorus tribromide SCl4 Sulfur tetrachloride N2F2 Dinitrogen difluoride SO3 Sulfur trioxide BrF Bromine monofluoride 18. Use the rules to write the molecular formulas. Molecular formula Molecule name S2F10 Disulfur decafluoride CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride OF2 Oxygen difluoride N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide P4S7 Tetraphosphorus heptasulfide 18. Use the rules to write the molecular formulas. Molecular formula Molecule name Some of these are not S F Disulfur decafluoride followin 2 10 g the “Octet CCl Carbon tetrachloride Rule” - 4 but all these OF Oxygen difluoride compou 2 nds do exist N2O3 Dinitrogen trioxide P4S7 Tetraphosphorus heptasulfide Refer to reactions sheet 2 AgNO3(aq) + Cu Ag(s) + 2 Cu(NO3)2 (aq) Single Displacement Reaction (show left behind in test tube now) Refer to reactions sheet Pb(NO3)2(aq)+ 2 KI(aq) PbI2(s) + 2 KNO3(aq) Double Displacement Reaction Ions changing partners - one of the new combinations is not soluble so we see it. “Quick reaction = small crystal size.” Dissolving view video cliphttps://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mep 8mSrnR0egN-mEX-JK3nTZVduJf4E0 Dissolving Dissolving Can we reverse dissolving? Reverse of dissolving? Reverse of dissolving? After all the water has evaporated we would have our original solid substance back. Reverse of dissolving? Dissolving - solid mixes with water to form a homogeneous mixture called a solution. When the solvent evaporates we get our original solid back. Reverse of dissolving? Dissolving is a physical process - no new chemical substances are ever really formed. We can easily reverse the process. Dissolving in reverse in nature: Making crystals - like these in Mexico? http://www.tourismontheedge.com/places/largest-crystals-in-the-world-giant-crystal-cave-mexico.html A sulfur crystal that grew naturally: Previous students were able to grow crystals on an ornamental shape Last year's results Crystal size - longest axis you can find. Eg. 3.45 cm Growing our own crystals: Who will grow the biggest crystals on a pipe cleaner support? Beginning Questions Read from sheet. Safety: Growing our own crystals: Who will grow the biggest crystals on a pipe cleaner support? Beginning Questions Read from sheet.
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