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Electrification of Public Transport: Methodologies and Tools to Assess Its Feasibility Around the World and Transferability Across Europe

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Electrification of Public Transport: Methodologies and Tools to Assess Its Feasibility Around the World and Transferability Across Europe Electrification of Public Transport: Methodologies and Tools to Assess Its Feasibility around the World and Transferability across Europe Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering Master’s Degree in Transport Systems Engineering Marjorie M. de Belen 1691392 Supervisor Maria Vittoria Corazza, M. Arch, PhD A.Y. 2016/2017 Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Feasibility and Transferability Study ............................................................................... 5 1.2 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Scope and Limitations ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Assumptions ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Policies and projects towards sustainable transportation ..................................................... 6 1.5.1 CIVITAS: Cleaner and Better Transport in Cities ............................................................. 6 1.5.2 TROLLEY: Promoting Electric Public Transport ............................................................... 7 1.5.3 ELIPTIC: Electrification of Public Transport in Cities ....................................................... 7 1.6 Socio-Demographic Information ............................................................................................. 8 1.6.1 Eberswalde, Germany ..................................................................................................... 8 1.6.2 Szeged, Hungary ............................................................................................................ 10 1.6.3 Gdynia, Poland .............................................................................................................. 11 1.6.4 Barcelona, Spain ............................................................................................................ 12 1.7 Existing Public Transport ....................................................................................................... 15 1.7.1 Eberswalde, Germany ................................................................................................... 15 1.7.2 Szeged, Hungary ............................................................................................................ 16 1.7.3 Gdynia, Poland .............................................................................................................. 18 1.7.4 Barcelona, Spain ............................................................................................................ 20 2 Review of Related Literature ........................................................................................................ 22 2.1 Pillar A.1: Replacing diesel buses by extending trolleybus network with trolley-hybrids .... 22 2.1.1 Operations..................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.2 Environment .................................................................................................................. 24 2.1.3 Economy ........................................................................................................................ 27 2.1.4 Energy ........................................................................................................................... 30 2.2 Pillar A.2: Opportunity fast recharging and slow overnight charging of electric buses........ 38 2.2.1 Operations and Energy.................................................................................................. 38 2.2.2 Economy ........................................................................................................................ 47 2.3 Different factors affecting the implementation of trolleybuses ........................................... 51 2.3.1 Issues Encountered in Europe ....................................................................................... 51 2.3.2 Issues Encountered in North America........................................................................... 56 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 58 3.1 Use Cases within ELIPTIC Project .......................................................................................... 61 3.1.1 Eberswalde, Germany ................................................................................................... 61 3.1.2 Szeged, Hungary ............................................................................................................ 66 3.1.3 Gdynia, Poland .............................................................................................................. 69 3.1.4 Barcelona, Spain ............................................................................................................ 71 3.2 Comparison of with ELIPTIC and with NO ELIPTIC ................................................................ 73 3.2.1 Pillar A.1: Replacing diesel buses by extending trolleybus network with trolley-hybrids 73 3.2.2 Pillar A.2: Opportunity fast recharging and slow overnight charging of electric buses 78 3.3 Summary of the Issues Encountered in the Use Cases ......................................................... 81 3.4 Transferability Methodology ................................................................................................ 82 3.4.1 TIDE Transferability Method ......................................................................................... 82 3.4.2 Adapted Transferability Method................................................................................... 83 3.4.3 Questionnaire ............................................................................................................... 87 3.5 Analysis of Results ................................................................................................................. 93 3.5.1 Nature of the Respondents ........................................................................................... 93 3.5.2 SMART for weighting .................................................................................................... 96 3.5.3 ELECTRE for the analysis ............................................................................................... 98 4 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 99 4.1 Transport Operators and Authorities ................................................................................. 100 4.1.1 Weight Attribution ...................................................................................................... 100 4.1.2 General Attitude towards the Electric Technology (ET) for Transit ............................ 102 4.1.3 Feasibility of the Innovation ....................................................................................... 104 4.1.4 Performance Role ....................................................................................................... 115 4.1.5 Analysis of Results from ELECTRE and Feedback from Respondents ......................... 115 4.2 Experts ................................................................................................................................ 123 4.2.1 Weight Attribution ...................................................................................................... 124 4.2.2 General Attitude towards the Electric Technology for Transit ................................... 125 4.2.3 Feasibility of the Innovation ....................................................................................... 125 4.2.4 Performance Role ....................................................................................................... 130 4.2.5 Analysis of Results from ELECTRE and Feedback from Respondents ......................... 131 4.3 Academics ........................................................................................................................... 134 4.3.1 Weight Attribution ...................................................................................................... 135 4.3.2 General Attitude towards the Electric Technology for Transit ................................... 135 4.3.3 Feasibility of the Innovation ....................................................................................... 136 4.3.4 Performance Role ....................................................................................................... 143 4.3.5 Analysis of Results from ELECTRE and Feedback from Respondents ......................... 144 4.4 Public Transport Users ........................................................................................................ 148 4.4.1 Weight Attribution ...................................................................................................... 149 4.4.2 General Attitude towards the Electric Technology for Transit ................................... 150 4.4.3 Feasibility of the Innovation ......................................................................................
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