Fastest, Highest, Strongest: a Critique of High-Performance Sport Is a Truly Radical Text

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fastest, Highest, Strongest: a Critique of High-Performance Sport Is a Truly Radical Text Fastest, Highest, Strongest Fastest, Highest, Strongest presents a comprehensive challenge to the dominant orthodoxy concerning the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport. Examining the political and economic transformation of the Olympic Movement during the twentieth century, the authors argue that the realities of modern sport require a serious reassessment of current policies, in particular the ban on the use of certain substances and practices. The book includes detailed discussion of: ● The historical importance of World War II and the cold war in the develop- ment of a high-performance culture in sport. ● The changing Olympic project: from amateurism to a fully professionalized approach. ● The changing meaning of “sport.” ● The role of sport science, technology and drugs in pursuing ever-better performance. ● The major ethical and philosophical arguments used to support the ban on performance-enhancing substances in sport. Fastest, Highest, Strongest is a profound critical examination of modern sport, of interest both to students and scholars in the field of sport studies, as well as soci- ologists, political scientists, policymakers, sports administrators, and athletes themselves. Rob Beamish is Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology at Queen’s University, Canada. Ian Ritchie is Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Education and Kinesiology at Brock University, Canada. Routledge critical studies in sport Series editors: Jennifer Hargreaves and Ian McDonald University of Brighton The Routledge Critical Studies in Sport series aims to lead the way in developing the multi-disciplinary field of sport studies by producing books that are interrog- ative, interventionist and innovative. By providing theoretically sophisticated and empirically grounded texts, the series will make sense of the changes and challenges facing sport globally. The series aspires to maintain the commitment and promise of the critical paradigm by contributing to a more inclusive and less exploitative culture of sport. Fastest, Highest, Strongest A critique of high-performance sport Rob Beamish and Ian Ritchie First published 2006 by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Simultaneously published in the UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2006 Rob Beamish and Ian Ritchie Excerpt from Animal Farm by George Orwell, © 1946 by Harcourt, Inc. and renewed 1975 by Sonia Orwell, reprinted by permission of the publisher. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. The publisher, editor and typesetter make no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Beamish, Rob. Fastest, highest, strongest : a critique of high-performance sport / Rob Beamish and Ian Ritchie. p. cm. – (Routledge critical studies in sport) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–415–77042–4 (hardback) – ISBN 0–415–77043–2 (pbk.) 1. Doping in sports. 2. Olympics. I. Ritchie, Ian, 1964– . II. Title. III. Series. RC1230.B45 2006 362.29–dc22 2006001561 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN10: 0-415-77042-4 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-415-77043-2 (pbk) ISBN10: 0-203-96785-2 (ebk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-77042-2 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-77043-9 (pbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-96785-0 (ebk) Contents Foreword vi Preface viii Acknowledgements xii Introduction 1 1 From Coubertin’s dream to high-performance sport: the shifting dynamics of Olympic sport 11 2 Steroids: Nazi propaganda, cold war fears, and “androgenized” women 31 3 “Sport,” German traditions, and the development of “training” 46 4 From Stalingrad to Helsinki: the development of German sport systems 66 5 “Something had altered in the faces of the pigs ...:” converging sport systems in the GDR and FRG 85 6 Ethics reconsidered: the spirit of sport, the level playing field, and harm to the athlete 105 Conclusion: the brave new world of high-performance sport 136 Notes 145 Index 187 Foreword In A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, Karl Marx argues that “To be radical is to grasp the root of the matter”. Without doubt, Fastest, Highest, Strongest: A Critique of High-Performance Sport is a truly radical text. It is an empirically informed, penetrating critique of the structure and culture of high-performance sport that lays bare one of the most controversial and intractable issues to have plagued sport in the post-war period: performance- enhancing drugs. Copious amounts of time and space have been devoted to the problem of doping in sport by policy-makers, the media and academics. Often the “debate” is polarized around one question: are you for or against drug taking in sport? But, as Beamish and Ritchie explain, doping is symptomatic of the quest to be the fastest, highest or strongest in high-performance sport. It is a package deal. If one accepts the culture of high-performance sport, it makes lit- tle sense to ask the “for” or “against” question. The key is to situate the use of performance-enhancing substances in the totality of the sport–culture–society nexus. Based on a critique of the romanticized and highly ideological notions of Olympian internationalism, and framed by a concern with the human rights of athletes, Fastest, Highest, Strongest situates the use of performance-enhancing drugs in its socio-historical context. Drawing on original archival research, Beamish and Ritchie set out their critique of an incoherent doping policy which itself is an expression of the contradictions between sporting ideologies, capital- ist modernity and the culture of high-performance sport. However, the authors do not allow the complexities of analysis to detach them from an engagement with the pragmatic world of sport policy. Beamish and Ritchie outline three general criteria that should shape the debate on performance-enhancing sub- stances: first, the starting point has to be an understanding of the socio-historical reality of performance enhancement as the basis for formulating policy, rather than the ideologically mystifying notion of the “spirit of sport”. Second, given the reality of high-performance sport, a frank discussion needs to occur about the safeguards required to protect athletes’ health. And third, ath- letes themselves must be centrally involved in any policies related to their training and work conditions. This is a text that takes the debate on drug taking in sport to new and more meaningful levels. Foreword vii Fastest, Highest, Strongest powerfully exemplifies the rationale for the Routledge Critical Studies in Sport series. In the series, our intention as editors is to tackle some of the big questions facing sport and society, to question assump- tions about sport, to critique established ideas, and to explore new ones. We are keen to encourage the production of texts that are empirically grounded and socially relevant, challenging and innovative, in particular through their engage- ment with issues concerning relations of power and discriminatory practices. The series as a whole aims to challenge complacency and encourage reflection, and should assist students, researchers, policy-makers and professionals to make sense of the changes, challenges and crises facing sport. The guiding philosophy for the series can be summarized as: ● Interrogative: challenging common sense ideas and exposing relations of power in the world of sport. ● Interventionist: highlighting the relationship between theory and practice and providing arguments and analyses of topical and polemical issues. ● Innovative: seeking to develop new areas of research, and stimulating new ways of thinking and studying about sport. In Fastest, Highest, Strongest: A Critique of High-Performance Sport, Rob Beamish and Ian Ritchie have certainly produced a text that is interrogative, interven- tionist and innovative. We are proud to include it in the series. Our hope is that this book will provoke and stimulate discussion both inside the academy amongst students, teachers and researchers, and outside amongst policy-makers, athletes and journalists. Ultimately the aim of this book and of our series as a whole is to spark dialog across the academic–non-academic divide in the world of sport, to help develop a more humanistic and empowering vision for sport. Jennifer Hargreaves and Ian McDonald University of Brighton Series Editors Preface The seeds of this study date to long before we began this as a joint project and well before the first words were written. Though never the primary, or even a major impetus for writing this book, the events surrounding Ben Johnson and the 1988 Seoul Summer Games did, nevertheless, play a critical role for several reasons. First, although athletes had tested positive for banned substances before Johnson, and drug controversies in high-performance sport had come and gone many times – and will continue to do so into the future – Johnson’s perfor- mances leading up to, and at the Games, crystallized the key issues lying at the center of high-performance sport in the modern era. Johnson’s 100 meter vic- tory in 9.79 seconds clearly demonstrated the phenomenal athletic feats that high-performance athletes can achieve, but his positive test left people won- dering how and why an athlete would so single-mindedly pursue the outer limits of athletic performance.
Recommended publications
  • From Pond to Pro: Hockey As a Symbol of Canadian National Identity
    From Pond to Pro: Hockey as a Symbol of Canadian National Identity by Alison Bell, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Sociology and Anthropology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario 19 April, 2007 © copyright 2007 Alison Bell Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-26936-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-26936-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce,Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve,sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet,distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform,et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace Angel of Helsinki” Wanted to Save the World
    The “Peace Angel of Helsinki” wanted to save the world By Volker Kluge Unauthorised intruder at the ceremony: 23-year-old Barbara Rotraut Pleyer took her place in Olympic history with her ‘illegal’ lap of the stadium as the ‘’Peace Angel of Helsinki’’. Photo: Suomen Urheilumuseo On the 19th July 1952, the weather gods proved ungracious opening formula – for the first time in four languages. as a storm raged over Helsinki. The downpour continued Six thousand doves flew away into the grey sky, startled for hours. Yet people still streamed towards the by the 21 gun salute which accompanied the raising of stadium, protected by umbrellas and capes. Once there, the Olympic Flag. they found 70,000 wet seats. Gusts of wind made them The last torchbearer who entered the stadium was shiver. Yet they remained good-humoured, for this was nine time Olympic champion Paavo Nurmi. He kindled the opening of an Olympics for which Finland had been the bowl in the centre field. Shortly afterwards, another forced to wait twelve years. running legend Hannes Kolehmainen lit the fire at the The rain had relented by the time fanfares announced top of the stadium tower. A choir sang the Olympic hymn the ceremony at one o’clock on the dot. In those days by Jaakko Linjama. the ceremonial was still somewhat ponderous but this This solemn moment was to be followed by a sermon time at least, the IOC Members did not wear top hat and by Archbishop Ilmari Salomies. Instead, there was an tails when they were presented to Finland’s President unexpected incident.
    [Show full text]
  • Towner County North Dakota Families <^3
    TOWNER COUNTY NORTH DAKOTA FAMILIES <^3 -^V TO! HER COUNTY NORTH DAE OTA FAMILIES ^'WmM••••*•* ••••¥!.» 5917 Myrtle Ave 1958-196 2 Mabel Jacques Hadler Long Beach, 5 v8»iii o vxi i a 1A c V*. fc» TOWNER COXHSfTY, NvD. FAMILIES. VOLUME VI. STIELY, WILLIAM, b 1877; md (2) Oct. 27, 1912, Cando, Rev. Harris; Cora Lagore., b 1876. Lived. Cando Tp. Children: 1. LEON H., Aug. 22, 1900 2. BLANCHE, Dec. 24, 1992 3. HARRY PAUL, 1910-15 STODIG, AXEL, b 1855-95; md Emma ... both foreign birth. Lived Egeland 1915. Ch, 2 of foreign birth: CARL, 1905; EBBA, 1908; NORMA, 1895-1910; WALTER, 1910-15. STOEBEB, FRANK, b Nov, 5., 1891, Streeter, 111.; d June 24, 1954, bur Cando Cath.Cem. fild Sept. 14, 1920, Cando, Fr. Garland; Agnes Stadelberger, b Aug. 17., 1895, Bavaria, Germany. (See Elsperger) She d Feb. 15, 1953, bur Cando Oath.Gem, Farmed, near Cando.; Highway maintenance 1938-53. Vet WWI. Children: 1. Sgt. FRANCIS H., Apr, 2, 1922; lost in bombing mission from New Guinea, Aug., 30., 1944. Bur Jefferson Barracks Nat'l Gem. in group burial Fab. 21, 1950. 2. NANCY M., Feb. 18, 1924| md June 9, 1948, Cando, Fr. Hart; Leo R. Martin, son of J. of Overly. Ch: Martin (1) Meride e Ann, Aug. 195(1), Walla Walla, Wash. (2) Jonathan Ramon, Jan.- 1954, Riveretale, N.D. , STOLER, JOE, born Arcadia, Wiso.; d Feb. 13, 1954, bur Cando } Cath.Cem. Surv by bro & sis: PETS & CHAS. , Wise; Mrs. Mary Bergeson, Eekart, Wise; Mrs. Margaret Elliott, Sask. Can. Preceded by bro 8a sis: NICK, BOB & BILL; Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WESTERN ALLIES' RECONSTRUCTION of GERMANY THROUGH SPORT, 1944-1952 by Heather L. Dichter a Thesis Subm
    SPORTING DEMOCRACY: THE WESTERN ALLIES’ RECONSTRUCTION OF GERMANY THROUGH SPORT, 1944-1952 by Heather L. Dichter A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of History, University of Toronto © Copyright by Heather L. Dichter, 2008 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-57981-7 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-57981-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L’auteur conserve la propriété du droit d’auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Journal VIA RASELLA, 1944
    The Historical Journal http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS Additional services for The Historical Journal: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here VIA RASELLA, 1944: MEMORY, TRUTH, AND HISTORY JOHN FOOT The Historical Journal / Volume 43 / Issue 04 / December 2000, pp 1173 ­ 1181 DOI: null, Published online: 06 March 2001 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0018246X00001400 How to cite this article: JOHN FOOT (2000). VIA RASELLA, 1944: MEMORY, TRUTH, AND HISTORY. The Historical Journal, 43, pp 1173­1181 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS, IP address: 144.82.107.39 on 26 Sep 2012 The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – Printed in the United Kingdom # Cambridge University Press REVIEW ARTICLE VIA RASELLA, 1944: MEMORY, TRUTH, AND HISTORY L’ordine eZ giaZ stato eseguito: Roma, le Fosse Ardeatine, la memoria. By Alessandro Portelli. Rome: Donzelli, . Pp. viij. ISBN ---.L... The battle of Valle Giulia: oral history and the art of dialogue. By A. Portelli. Wisconsin: Wisconsin: University Press, . Pp. xxj. ISBN ---.$.. [Inc.‘The massacre at Civitella Val di Chiana (Tuscany, June , ): Myth and politics, mourning and common sense’, in The Battle of Valle Giulia, by A. Portelli, pp. –.] Operazione Via Rasella: veritaZ e menzogna: i protagonisti raccontano. By Rosario Bentivegna (in collaboration with Cesare De Simone). Rome: Riuniti, . Pp. ISBN -- -.L... La memoria divisa. By Giovanni Contini. Milan: Rizzoli, . Pp. ISBN -- -.L... Anatomia di un massacro: controversia sopra una strage tedesca. By Paolo Pezzino. Bologna: Il Mulino, . Pp. ISBN ---.L... Processo Priebke: Le testimonianze, il memoriale. Edited by Cinzia Dal Maso.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Psychology of Doping in Sport: a Mixed-Studies Narrative Synthesis
    Social psychology of doping in sport: a mixed-studies narrative synthesis Prepared for the World Anti-Doping Agency By the Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure Review Team The review team comprised members of the Carnegie Research Institute at Leeds Beckett University, UK. Specifically the team included: Professor Susan Backhouse, Dr Lisa Whitaker, Dr Laurie Patterson, Dr Kelsey Erickson and Professor Jim McKenna. We would like to acknowledge and express our thanks to Dr Suzanne McGregor and Miss Alexandra Potts (both Leeds Beckett University) for their assistance with this review. Address for correspondence: Professor Susan Backhouse Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure Leeds Beckett University, Headingly Campus Leeds, LS6 3QS UK Email: [email protected] Web: www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/ISPAL Disclaimer: The authors undertook a thorough search of the literature but it is possible that the review missed important empirical studies/theoretical frameworks that should be included. Also, judgement is inevitably involved in categorising papers into sample groups and there are different ways of representing the research landscape. We are not suggesting that the approach presented here is optimal, but we hope it allows the reader to appreciate the breadth and depth of research currently available on the social psychology of doping in sport. October 2015 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • The American Woman 1987-88: a Report in Depth. INSTITUTION Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues, Washington, DC
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 293 737 SO 018 577 AUTHOR Rix, Sara E., Ed. TITLE The American Woman 1987-88: A Report in Depth. INSTITUTION Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues, Washington, DC. Women's Research and Education Inst. REPORT NO ISBN-0-393-30388-8 PUB DATE 87 NOTE 350p. AVAILABLE FROMW. W. Norton and Company, 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110 (paperback, $7.95; ISBN-0-393-02384-2, hardcover, $18.95). PUB TYPE Books (010) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC14 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS American Studies; *Economic Change; *Economic Status; *Females; Feminism; *Social Change; *Social Status; United States History; Womens Education; Womens Studies IDENTIFIERS *Political Implications ABSTRACT This book is the first edition of what is to be an annual report on the status of women in the United states. It presents information concerning changes in U.S. women's roles and analyzes the social and political consequences of these changes. This premier edition provides a broad overview of how women's lives have changed dur'.ng the 20th century, with special emphasis on their roles in families and in the U.S. economy. Chapter titles and authors include: (1) "Women in Twentieth Century America: An Overview" (S. M. Evans); (2) "Women and the Family" (A. Cherlin); (3) "Women and the Economy" (N. Barrett); (4) "The Women's Movement in Recent American Politics" (M. L. Palley); and (5) "1986 in Review" (A. J. Stone). A section entitled "Women in Brief" includes a series of chapters that describe women in relation to business, the military, science, broadcasting, sports, unions, education, theatre, and reproduction alternatives and options and the status of black, latino, and immigrant women.
    [Show full text]
  • Anewplace Toplay
    U-14 girls Carole Hester’s ON THE MARKET win Roseville Looking About Guide to local real estate Tournament UDJ column .......................................Inside ..........Page A-8 .............Page A-3 INSIDE Mendocino County’s World briefly The Ukiah local newspaper .......Page A-2 Tomorrow: Sunny; near-record heat 7 58551 69301 0 FRIDAY June 23, 2006 50 cents tax included DAILY JOURNAL ukiahdailyjournal.com 44 pages, Volume 148 Number 75 email: [email protected] Discussion on ordinance turns testy By KATIE MINTZ whose terms coincide with those of the The Daily Journal UKIAH CITY COUNCIL councilmembers who appointed them. The Ukiah City Council covered a If passed, the ordinance will allow number of topics Wednesday evening at each councilmember to nominate a its regular meeting, some with a tinge of to the City Planning Commission. planning commissioner, but will also testy discussion. Currently, the city has five planning require the council as a whole to ratify Of the most fervent was the council’s commissioners -- Ken Anderson, Kevin the selection by a full vote at a City deliberation regarding the introduction Jennings, James Mulheren, Judy Pruden Council meeting. of an ordinance that would affect how and Michael Whetzel -- who were each planning commissioners are appointed appointed by a council member, and See COUNCIL, Page A-10 ANEW PLACE TO PLAY Ukiah soldier killed in Iraq Orchard Park to open on Saturday The Daily Journal Sgt. Jason Buzzard, 31, of Ukiah, has been reported killed in Iraq. The Department of Defense has not yet made a public announcement although a family member has confirmed his death.
    [Show full text]
  • The Croatian Ustasha Regime and Its Policies Towards
    THE IDEOLOGY OF NATION AND RACE: THE CROATIAN USTASHA REGIME AND ITS POLICIES TOWARD MINORITIES IN THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA, 1941-1945. NEVENKO BARTULIN A thesis submitted in fulfilment Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales November 2006 1 2 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Nicholas Doumanis, lecturer in the School of History at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, for the valuable guidance, advice and suggestions that he has provided me in the course of the writing of this thesis. Thanks also go to his colleague, and my co-supervisor, Günther Minnerup, as well as to Dr. Milan Vojkovi, who also read this thesis. I further owe a great deal of gratitude to the rest of the academic and administrative staff of the School of History at UNSW, and especially to my fellow research students, in particular, Matthew Fitzpatrick, Susie Protschky and Sally Cove, for all their help, support and companionship. Thanks are also due to the staff of the Department of History at the University of Zagreb (Sveuilište u Zagrebu), particularly prof. dr. sc. Ivo Goldstein, and to the staff of the Croatian State Archive (Hrvatski državni arhiv) and the National and University Library (Nacionalna i sveuilišna knjižnica) in Zagreb, for the assistance they provided me during my research trip to Croatia in 2004. I must also thank the University of Zagreb’s Office for International Relations (Ured za meunarodnu suradnju) for the accommodation made available to me during my research trip.
    [Show full text]
  • Deutscher Bundestag
    Deutscher Bundestag 171. Sitzung des Deutschen Bundestages am Freitag, 13.Mai 2016 Endgültiges Ergebnis der Namentlichen Abstimmung Nr. 1 Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung Entwurf eines Gesetzes zur Einstufung der Demokratischen Volksrepublik Algerien, des Königreichs Marokko und der Tunesischen Republik als sichere Herkunftsstaaten Drs. 18/8039 und 18/8311 Abgegebene Stimmen insgesamt: 572 Nicht abgegebene Stimmen: 58 Ja-Stimmen: 424 Nein-Stimmen: 145 Enthaltungen: 3 Ungültige: 0 Berlin, den 13.05.2016 Beginn: 10:05 Ende: 10:08 Seite: 1 Seite: 2 Seite: 2 CDU/CSU Name Ja Nein Enthaltung Ungült. Nicht abg. Stephan Albani X Katrin Albsteiger X Peter Altmaier X Artur Auernhammer X Dorothee Bär X Thomas Bareiß X Norbert Barthle X Günter Baumann X Maik Beermann X Manfred Behrens (Börde) X Veronika Bellmann X Sybille Benning X Dr. André Berghegger X Dr. Christoph Bergner X Ute Bertram X Peter Beyer X Steffen Bilger X Clemens Binninger X Peter Bleser X Dr. Maria Böhmer X Wolfgang Bosbach X Norbert Brackmann X Klaus Brähmig X Michael Brand X Dr. Reinhard Brandl X Helmut Brandt X Dr. Ralf Brauksiepe X Dr. Helge Braun X Heike Brehmer X Ralph Brinkhaus X Cajus Caesar X Gitta Connemann X Alexandra Dinges-Dierig X Alexander Dobrindt X Michael Donth X Thomas Dörflinger X Marie-Luise Dött X Hansjörg Durz X Iris Eberl X Jutta Eckenbach X Dr. Bernd Fabritius X Hermann Färber X Uwe Feiler X Dr. Thomas Feist X Enak Ferlemann X Ingrid Fischbach X Dirk Fischer (Hamburg) X Axel E. Fischer (Karlsruhe-Land) X Dr. Maria Flachsbarth X Klaus-Peter Flosbach X Seite: 3 CDU/CSU Name Ja Nein Enthaltung Ungült.
    [Show full text]
  • Weliki Nowgorod Weliki Nowgorod (Russ
    Titelregister zu: • Ergänzungsseite I a zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse • Ergänzungsseite I b zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse • Ergänzungsseite I c zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse • Ergänzungsseite II a zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse • Ergänzungsseite II b zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse • Ergänzungsseite II c zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse • Ergänzungsseite II d zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse • Ergänzungsseite II e zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse • Ergänzungsseite II f zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse Titelregister zu: • Ergänzungsseite III zu Seekriege und Seegefechte der Hanse Nowgorod - Weliki Nowgorod Weliki Nowgorod (russ. Вели" кий Но"вгород) oder auch Nowgorod-Weliki (zu deutsch Groß-Nowgorod, bis 1999 offiziell nur Nowgorod (russ. Но"вгород), früher auch deutsch Navgard/Naugard und altnordisch Hólmgarðr) ist eine Großstadt in Russland mit 214.777 Einwohnern (Stand: 2010) und liegt etwa 180 km südsüdöstlich von Sankt Petersburg am Wolchow nördlich des Ilmensees. Sie ist das Verwaltungszentrum der im Föderationskreis Nordwestrussland liegenden Oblast Nowgorod. Weliki Nowgorod, das im September 2009 sein 1150-jähriges Bestehen feierte, gehört zu den ältesten Städten Russlands. Im Mittelalter war Nowgorod Hauptstadt einer einflussreichen Handelsrepublik und bedeutender Mittler zwischen den Rus und dem Abendland, bevor es Teil des zentralisierten russischen Reichs wurde. Nowgorods architektonisches Erbe ist seit 1992 UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe.[1] Geographie Geographische Lage Nowgorod liegt im Nordwesten des europäischen Teils von Russland und ist 180 Kilometer von St. Petersburg und 524 Kilometer von Moskau entfernt. Von Süden nach Norden durchschneidet der Fluss Wolchow die Stadt. Sie liegt durchschnittlich auf 25 m ü. NN. Das Stadtgebiet hat eine Fläche von 90 Quadratkilometern.
    [Show full text]
  • Sport and Physical Education in Germany
    Sport and Physical Education in Germany Sport and physical education represent important components of German national life, from school and community participation, to elite, international level sport. This unique and comprehensive collection brings together material from leading German scholars to examine the role of sport and PE in Germany from a range of historical and contemporary perspectives. Key topics covered include: • Sport and PE in pre-war, post-war and re-unified Germany; • Sport and PE in schools; • Coach education; • Elite sport and sport science; • Women and sport; • Sport and recreation facilities. This book offers an illuminating insight into how sport and PE have helped to shape modern Germany. It is fascinating reading for anyone with an interest in the history and sociology of sport, and those working in German studies. Roland Naul is Professor of Sport Science and Sport Pedagogy, Essen University. He is ICSSPE Regional Director for Western Europe and Vice- President of ISCPES. Ken Hardman is a Reader in Education at the University of Manchester. He is a former president of ISCPES and a Fellow of the UK Physical Education Association. International Society for Comparative Physical Education and Sport Series Series Editor: Ken Hardman University of Manchester Other titles in the series include: Sport and Physical Education in China Edited by James Riordan and Robin Jones Sport and Physical Education in Germany Edited by Roland Naul and Ken Hardman International Society for Comparative Physical Education and Sport London and New York First published 2002 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor and Francis e-Library, 2005.
    [Show full text]