Declare Dead in Absentia Ancient Rome
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The Historical Journal VIA RASELLA, 1944
The Historical Journal http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS Additional services for The Historical Journal: Email alerts: Click here Subscriptions: Click here Commercial reprints: Click here Terms of use : Click here VIA RASELLA, 1944: MEMORY, TRUTH, AND HISTORY JOHN FOOT The Historical Journal / Volume 43 / Issue 04 / December 2000, pp 1173 1181 DOI: null, Published online: 06 March 2001 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0018246X00001400 How to cite this article: JOHN FOOT (2000). VIA RASELLA, 1944: MEMORY, TRUTH, AND HISTORY. The Historical Journal, 43, pp 11731181 Request Permissions : Click here Downloaded from http://journals.cambridge.org/HIS, IP address: 144.82.107.39 on 26 Sep 2012 The Historical Journal, , (), pp. – Printed in the United Kingdom # Cambridge University Press REVIEW ARTICLE VIA RASELLA, 1944: MEMORY, TRUTH, AND HISTORY L’ordine eZ giaZ stato eseguito: Roma, le Fosse Ardeatine, la memoria. By Alessandro Portelli. Rome: Donzelli, . Pp. viij. ISBN ---.L... The battle of Valle Giulia: oral history and the art of dialogue. By A. Portelli. Wisconsin: Wisconsin: University Press, . Pp. xxj. ISBN ---.$.. [Inc.‘The massacre at Civitella Val di Chiana (Tuscany, June , ): Myth and politics, mourning and common sense’, in The Battle of Valle Giulia, by A. Portelli, pp. –.] Operazione Via Rasella: veritaZ e menzogna: i protagonisti raccontano. By Rosario Bentivegna (in collaboration with Cesare De Simone). Rome: Riuniti, . Pp. ISBN -- -.L... La memoria divisa. By Giovanni Contini. Milan: Rizzoli, . Pp. ISBN -- -.L... Anatomia di un massacro: controversia sopra una strage tedesca. By Paolo Pezzino. Bologna: Il Mulino, . Pp. ISBN ---.L... Processo Priebke: Le testimonianze, il memoriale. Edited by Cinzia Dal Maso. -
The Croatian Ustasha Regime and Its Policies Towards
THE IDEOLOGY OF NATION AND RACE: THE CROATIAN USTASHA REGIME AND ITS POLICIES TOWARD MINORITIES IN THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF CROATIA, 1941-1945. NEVENKO BARTULIN A thesis submitted in fulfilment Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New South Wales November 2006 1 2 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Nicholas Doumanis, lecturer in the School of History at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia, for the valuable guidance, advice and suggestions that he has provided me in the course of the writing of this thesis. Thanks also go to his colleague, and my co-supervisor, Günther Minnerup, as well as to Dr. Milan Vojkovi, who also read this thesis. I further owe a great deal of gratitude to the rest of the academic and administrative staff of the School of History at UNSW, and especially to my fellow research students, in particular, Matthew Fitzpatrick, Susie Protschky and Sally Cove, for all their help, support and companionship. Thanks are also due to the staff of the Department of History at the University of Zagreb (Sveuilište u Zagrebu), particularly prof. dr. sc. Ivo Goldstein, and to the staff of the Croatian State Archive (Hrvatski državni arhiv) and the National and University Library (Nacionalna i sveuilišna knjižnica) in Zagreb, for the assistance they provided me during my research trip to Croatia in 2004. I must also thank the University of Zagreb’s Office for International Relations (Ured za meunarodnu suradnju) for the accommodation made available to me during my research trip. -
The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 Ii Introduction Introduction Iii
Introduction i The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 ii Introduction Introduction iii The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930 –1965 Michael Phayer INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS Bloomington and Indianapolis iv Introduction This book is a publication of Indiana University Press 601 North Morton Street Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA http://www.indiana.edu/~iupress Telephone orders 800-842-6796 Fax orders 812-855-7931 Orders by e-mail [email protected] © 2000 by John Michael Phayer All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and re- cording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Association of Ameri- can University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Perma- nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Phayer, Michael, date. The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930–1965 / Michael Phayer. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-253-33725-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pius XII, Pope, 1876–1958—Relations with Jews. 2. Judaism —Relations—Catholic Church. 3. Catholic Church—Relations— Judaism. 4. Holocaust, Jewish (1939–1945) 5. World War, 1939– 1945—Religious aspects—Catholic Church. 6. Christianity and an- tisemitism—History—20th century. I. Title. BX1378 .P49 2000 282'.09'044—dc21 99-087415 ISBN 0-253-21471-8 (pbk.) 2 3 4 5 6 05 04 03 02 01 Introduction v C O N T E N T S Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi 1. -
A Loyola Rome Student's Guide to World War Ii in Rome
A LOYOLA ROME STUDENT’S GUIDE TO WORLD WAR II IN ROME & ITALY By Philip R. O’Connor, Ph.D. Loyola University Rome Center 1968-69 DOWNLOADABLE VERSION AVAILABLE PLEASE DIRECT COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS TO [email protected] Tenth Edition – September 2015 LOYOLA ROME STUDENT’S GUIDE TO WORLD WAR II IN ROME & ITALY DEDICATION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Guide to World War II in Italy and Rome is dedicated to those who served the Allied cause in the Italian War of Liberation 1943-45. Of special remembrance are the five Loyolans who, in the words of Abraham Lincoln, “gave the last full measure of devotion” on Italian soil: John J. Burke, John L. Carmody, Kenneth E. Krucks, Thomas A. McKitrick and Dean P. Reinert. John Felice, founder and guiding light of the Loyola Rome Center for thirty years and whose name was given to the Campus in 2004, was an intelligence officer in the British Eighth Army seconded to the American 12 th Air Force, 47 th Bombardment Group (Light) in preparation for the invasions of Sicily and the Italian mainland. John, who first inspired this Guide, passed away in January 2008, having lived the life of a great man. Another who served was the author’s uncle, Edward O’Connor. He followed his older brother, the author’s father, Philip J., into the U.S. Navy. Philip served in the South Pacific while Ed crewed in a 5-inch gun aboard the light cruiser USS Philadelphia . Before his nineteenth birthday, Eddie O’Connor participated in the invasion of Sicily, the landing at Salerno, the sbarco at Anzio-Nettuno followed by four months of daily missions from Naples to shell German forces besieging the beachhead, and the invasion of Southern France. -
Aufsatz Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring, Via Rasella, and The
Aufsatz Richard Raiber Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring, Via Rasella, and the »Ginny Mission« This essay demonstrates how a clever and mentally agile defendant, with the help of equally intelligent confederates, successfully propagated a fiction at his trial shortly after the end of the Second World War that has remained arcane and un- challenged for more than fifty years. Contemporaneous documents strongly sug- gest that Generalfeldmarschall Albert Konrad Kesselring1 skillfully assumed culpa- bility for an alleged war crime in which he had not actually been involved. It was a diversionary ploy. While he probably expected to be punished for this, he hoped his admission would eliminate the possibility that the Allied investigators might discover he had actually participated in another, unrelated crime, the penalty for which would likely be much more severe. The dissemblance he manufactured was accepted because it was plausible, verisimilar, and because he was considered an honorable man. It has been assimilated by subsequent generations as well, so that it is now enshrined as historical truth. On 23 March 1944, in mid-afternoon, communist partisans detonated a home- made bomb in the Via Rasella, a 225-meter-long street which ran southwest- and northeastward one block north of the Quirinale, in the center of Rome. Their tar- get was 2. Kompanie des III. Bataillons Polizeiregiment Bozen, which was marching eastward to the Macao Barracks in the Castro Pretorio complex.2 Thirty-three po- 1 According to some sources, including documents in National Archives and Records Ad- ministration (NARA) Record Group (RG) 242, the field marshal's name is sometimes spelled with the »ß« (ess/tset), i.e., »Keßelring.« However, I am convinced that he pre- ferred »Kesselring,« and that is how it will be written in this essay. -
Collection: Mandel, Judyt: Files Folder Title: [Terrorism – Libya Public Diplomacy – Libya Under Qadhafi: a Pattern of Aggression] Box: 91721
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Mandel, Judyt: Files Folder Title: [Terrorism – Libya Public Diplomacy – Libya Under Qadhafi: A Pattern of Aggression] Box: 91721 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ Libya Under Qadhafi: A Pattern of Aggression Contents Page Libya Under Qadhafi: A Pattern of Aggression Character of Libyan Policy Libyan Involvement in Terrorism Libyan Links to Middle East Radicals 2 Libyan Terrorism Against the United States 2 Radicalism in the Arab World 2 Involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa 4 Meddling in Latin America and the Caribbean 4 South and Southeast Asia 5 The Erosion of International Norms 5 Chronology of Libyan Support for Terrorism 1980-85 7 The Abu Nida! Group 13 Introduction 13 Background 13 Current Operations and Trends 14 iii Libya U oder Qadhafi: A Pattern of Aggression Character of Libyan Policy establishment in their country. Qadhafi generally uses Mu'ammar Qadhafi seized power in a military coup Libyans for antiexile operations; for other types of in 1969. Since then he has forcibly sought to remake attacks he tends to employ surrogates or mercenaries. Libyan society according to his own revolutionary precepts. Qadhafi's ambitions are not confined within The Libyan Government in 1980 began a concerted Libya's borders, however. He fancies himself a leader effort to assassinate anti-Qadhafi exiles. -
Copyright © 2014 Sean Joslin Mcdowell All Rights Reserved. The
Copyright © 2014 Sean Joslin McDowell All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation, or instruction. A HISTORICAL EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE FOR THE DEATH OF THE APOSTLES AS MARTYRS FOR THEIR FAITH __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Sean Joslin McDowell December 2014 APPROVAL SHEET A HISTORICAL EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE FOR THE DEATH OF THE APOSTLES AS MARTYRS FOR THEIR FAITH Sean Joslin McDowell Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ James Parker III (Chair) __________________________________________ Michael A. G. Haykin __________________________________________ Theodore J. Cabal Date ______________________________ To Stephanie This was truly a team effort. I could not ask for a more loving and supportive wife. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES . ix PREFACE . x Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Methodology . 4 Defining Martyrdom . 6 Challenges for the Historical Investigation . 11 Research Outline . 20 2. THE CENTRALITY OF THE RESURRECTION . 23 Early Christian Creeds . 24 First Corinthians 15:3-7 . 26 The Resurrection in Acts and the Letters of Paul . 29 Resurrection in the Apostolic Fathers . 31 Conclusion . 32 3. THE TWELVE APOSTLES . 34 Who Were the Twelve? . 35 The Historicity of the Twelve . 39 The Apostolic Witness . 41 All the Apostles . 43 Did The Apostles Engage in Missionary Work? . 44 The Testimony of the Twelve . 54 iv Chapter Page 4. PERSECUTION IN THE EARLY CHURCH . -
A Not So Brutal Friendship. Italian Responses to National Socialism in Australia
Altreitalie_34pdf.qxd 26-06-2007 16:27 Pagina 4 Saggi Migrazioni italiane in Australia A not so Brutal Friendship. Italian Responses to National Socialism in Australia Gianfranco Cresciani Ministry for the Arts, New South Wales, Australia On 28 October 1932, the Italian Fascist Regime celebrated with great pomp, in Italy and within its Italian migrant communities abroad, the Decennale, the tenth anniversary of its seizure of power. Three months later, on 30 January 1933, Chancellor Paul von Hindenburg swore Adolf Hitler as the new Chan- cellor of Germany, in a «Cabinet of National Concentration». Both Mussoli- ni’s colpo di stato (coup d’état) and Hitler’s Machtergreifung (seizure of power) had been achieved with the connivance of the countries’ ruling élites and conservative Establishments. Following Hitler’s rise to power, German diplomatic representatives, in col- lusion with officers of the German National Socialist Workers’ Party (NSDAP) and of the Gestapo in Australia endeavoured to rescue German immigrants to the idea of Deutschtum, of belonging to the German nation, through the Bund, the Alliance of Germandom in Australia and New Zealand. The Bund was offi- cially established on 30 May 1933 and acted as a channel for the permeation of Nazi ideology to German immigrants. Unlike Nazism in Germany, by 1933 Fascism was firmly entrenched in Italy, having ruthlessly suppressed all organised opposition to its rule. In the following eight years, it intensified its efforts to «nationalise» Italian mi- grants. The Regime had established a network of associations aimed at bring- ing Italian migrants under its political control and at spying upon and com- bating the activities of anti-Fascist Italians. -
Saint Peter's First Burial Site According to Maria Valtorta's
Article Saint Peter’s First Burial Site According to Maria Valtorta’s Mystical Writings, Checked against the Archeology of Rome in the I Century Liberato De Caro 1 , Fernando La Greca 2 and Emilio Matricciani 3,* 1 Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; [email protected] 2 Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; fl[email protected] 3 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 11 September 2020; Accepted: 29 October 2020; Published: 31 October 2020 Abstract: The discovery of the mortal remains of the apostle Peter in the Vatican caves, in the 1940s, has aroused several doubts among scholars. In any case, there is consensus on this not being Peter’s first burial site on the Vatican Hill. The recent studies on Maria Valtorta’s mystical writings have shown that they contain a lot of data open to check through disparate scientific disciplines. Every time this check has been done, unexpected results have been found, as if her writings contain data not ascribable to her skills and awareness. Maria Valtorta describes also Peter’s first burial site, which, she writes, was not on the Vatican Hill. The analysis of these particular texts, checked against the archeology of Rome in the I century and its catacombs, has allowed us to locate Peter’s first burial site in a hypogeum discovered in 1864 but not yet fully explored, near the beginning of Via Nomentana, in Rome. -
Paul in Rome: a Case Study on the Formation and Transmission of Traditions
PAUL IN ROME: A CASE STUDY ON THE FORMATION AND TRANSMISSION OF TRADITIONS Pablo Alberto Molina A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: James Rives Bart Ehrman Robert Babcock Zlatko Plese Todd Ochoa © 2016 Pablo Alberto Molina ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Pablo Molina: Paul in Rome: A Case Study On the Formation and Transmission of Traditions (Under the direction of James Rives) Paul is arguably the second most important figure in the history of Christianity. Although much has been written about his stay and martyrdom in Rome, the actual circumstances of these events — unless new evidence is uncovered — must remain obscure. In this dissertation I analyze the matter from a fresh perspective by focusing on the formation and transmission of traditions about Paul’s final days. I begin by studying the Neronian persecution of the year 64 CE, i.e. the immediate historical context in which the earliest traditions were formed. In our records, a documentary gap of over thirty years follows the persecution. Yet we may deduce from chance remarks in texts written ca. 95-120 CE that oral traditions of Paul’s death were in circulation during that period. In chapter 2, I develop a quantitative framework for their contextualization. Research has shown that oral traditions, if not committed to writing, fade away after about eighty years. Only two documents written within that crucial time frame have survived: the book of Acts and the Martyrdom of Paul (MPl). -
The Old Cemetery for Foreigners in Rome with a New Inventory of Its Burials
SVENSKA INSTITUTEN I ATHEN OCH ROM INSTITUTUM ATHENIENSE ATQUE INSTITUTUM ROMANUM REGNI SUECIAE Opuscula Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 13 2020 STOCKHOLM Licensed to <[email protected]> EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Prof. Gunnel Ekroth, Uppsala, Chairman Dr Lena Sjögren, Stockholm, Vice-chairman Mrs Kristina Björksten Jersenius, Stockholm, Treasurer Dr Susanne Berndt, Stockholm, Secretary Prof. Christer Henriksén, Uppsala Prof. Anne-Marie Leander Touati, Lund Prof. Peter M. Fischer, Göteborg Dr David Westberg, Uppsala Dr Sabrina Norlander-Eliasson, Stockholm Dr Lewis Webb, Göteborg Dr Ulf R. Hansson, Rome Dr Jenny Wallensten, Athens EDITOR Dr Julia Habetzeder Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm [email protected] SECRETARY’S ADDRESS Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm [email protected] DISTRIBUTOR eddy.se ab Box 1310 SE-621 24 Visby For general information, see http://ecsi.se For subscriptions, prices and delivery, see http://ecsi.bokorder.se Published with the aid of a grant from The Swedish Research Council (2017-01912) The English text was revised by Rebecca Montague, Hindon, Salisbury, UK Opuscula is a peer reviewed journal. Contributions to Opuscula should be sent to the Secretary of the Editorial Committee before 1 November every year. Contributors are requested to include an abstract summarizing the main points and principal conclusions of their article. For style of references to be adopted, see http://ecsi.se. Books for review should be sent to the Secretary of the Editorial Committee. ISSN 2000-0898 ISBN 978-91-977799-2-0 © Svenska Institutet i Athen and Svenska Institutet i Rom Printed by TMG Sthlm, Sweden 2020 Cover illustrations from Aïopoulou et al. -
Ezra Pound at St. Elizabeth's
Ezra Pound at St. Elizabeth's Leon Surrette University ofWestern Ontario T. S. Eliot once called Pound the inventor of Chinese poetry in English, by which he meant that Pound had rendered the spirit ofChinese poetry into En glish as no one had before.Pound has as good a claim to be the inventor ofmod ernismin English letters. Such a claim rests on his transformationofYeats froman aesthete into a modernist, on his role in the creation oflmagism and Vorticism, on his "discovery" ofJoyce and Eliot, and finallyon his co-creation with Eliot ofThe Waste Land. Ifliterary modernismin English has any individuation, it can most plausibly be identifiedwith the work ofthese four men and their imitators. Pound's claim to a special place rests more on his role as an impresario and theoretician of the movement than on his contribution to it as a poet. I have no wish to defend-nor,indeed, to challenge-Pound's role in the genesis ofliterary modernism,but merely to remind you ofthis view-one stan dard throughout the Cold War period, and still surviving in anthologies and hand books. It is worth bringing to mind because it would be nugatory to discuss his Fascism and anti-Semitism ifhe were not someone who otherwise has claims to distinction and worth. In pre-Postmoderndays critics seldom spoke of"American Modernism." Literary modernismwas thought to be internationalist.The modernistsclaimed to be the heralds ofan epoch in which the limitations ofnational cultures would be transcended in a new, triumphant, universal culture. It was in this spirit that Pound co-opted Chinese poetry forEnglish readers, that Yeats assimilated Byzantium to Ireland, that Joyce juxtaposed Dublin with the Homeric Mediterranean, and that Eliot rendered urban post-war Europe archetypally as all ofEuropean history.