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Chapitre I Caractéristiques Du Fruit De Rollinia Pulchrinervia

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Chapitre I Caractéristiques Du Fruit De Rollinia Pulchrinervia MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES en vue de l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingénieur Agronome Option Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires Contribution à la valorisation du fruit de Rollinia pulchrinervia dans le district de FeFeFenoarivoFe noarivo Atsinanana Présenté par MAMY Florinda Alègne Promotion ANDRAINA 20002000----20052005 Soutenu le 08 août 2005 MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES en vue de l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingénieur Agronome Option Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires Contribution à la valorisation du fruit de Rollinia pulchrinervia dans le district de Fenoarivo Atsinanana Membres de jury Président : Monsieur Jean RASOARAHONA, Chef de Département des Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires- ESSA Examinateurs : Monsieur Roger Lalao RANAIVOSON, Chercheur-Enseignant et Chef de Département des Recherches Technologiques du FOFIFA Monsieur Jean Aimé RANDRIANALIJAONA, Enseignant- chercheur et Assesseur à l’ESSA Tuteur : Madame Béatrice RAONIZAFINIMANANA, Enseignant-chercheur au Département IAA- ESSA Présenté pa rrr MAMY Florinda Alègne Promotion ANDRAINA 20002000----20052005 DEDICACE Je dédie ce mémoire A Dieu A Ma famille A Stéphane A Mes amis Remerciements Nous tenons à exprimer nos vifs remerciements, particulièrement à : Monsieur Jean RASOARAHONA, Chef du Département des Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires de l’Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, qui, malgré ses nombreuses obligations, nous a fait l’honneur de présider la soutenance de ce mémoire. Qu’il accepte nos plus sincères considérations ! Monsieur Lalao Roger RANAIVOSON, Chercheur-Enseignant et Chef du Département des Recherches Technologiques au FOFIFA, qui a bien voulu nous accueillir au sein de son équipe et accepter de siéger parmi les membres du jury. Qu’il reçoive l’expression de notre profonde gratitude ! Monsieur Jean Aimé RANDRIANALIJAONA, Enseignant-Chercheur et Assesseur à l’Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, qui, malgré ses nombreuses occupations, a bien voulu siéger parmi les membres du jury et examiner ce travail. Qu’il reçoive nos vifs remerciements ! Madame Béatrice RAONIZAFINIMANANA, Enseignant-chercheur au Département des Industries Agricoles et Alimentaires de l’Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques, notre tuteur, qui nous a assisté et guidé tout au long de notre travail, nous prodiguant de précieux conseils et soutiens pour l’accomplissement de ce mémoire. Qu’elle soit assurée de notre profonde reconnaissance ! Nos remerciements vont également à l’endroit de : Tout le personnel des laboratoires du DRT FOFIFA, du CNRE, du Département IAA et du Département Elevage de l’ESSA, pour son dévouement et sa sincère collaboration ; Tous les enseignants de l’ESSA qui ont bien voulu nous prodiguer leurs connaissances durant nos années d’étude ; Ma famille, pour son encouragement, son soutien moral et financier ; Mes amis, pour leur aide ; Tous ceux qui ont contribué, de près ou de loin, à la réalisation de ce travail . SOMMAIRE SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................................1 PREMIERE PARTIE : GENERALITE SUR LE ZATY , LA ZONE D’ETUDE ET LES FILIERES FRUIT ET OLEAGINEUSE Chapitre 1: Généralités sur le Zaty ...................................................................................................2 1.1 Origine et distribution.....................................................................................................................2 1.2 Botanique........................................................................................................................................2 1.2.1 Systématique..........................................................................................................................2 1.2.2 Morphologie ..........................................................................................................................2 1.2.2.1 Port..................................................................................................................................2 1.2.2.2 Feuilles ............................................................................................................................3 1.2.2.3 Fleurs...............................................................................................................................3 1.2.2.4 Fruits ...............................................................................................................................4 1.2.3 Multiplication ........................................................................................................................4 1.3 Ecologie..........................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Techniques culturales .....................................................................................................................5 1.4.1 Préparation du terrain ............................................................................................................5 1.4.2 Densité de la plantation .........................................................................................................5 1.4.3 Mise en terre des plants .........................................................................................................5 1.4.4 Entretien de la plantation.......................................................................................................6 1.4.4.1 Le désherbage..................................................................................................................6 1.4.4.1.1 Le binage ................................................................................................................6 1.4.4.1.2 Le paillage ..............................................................................................................6 1.4.4.1.3 Le désherbage chimique .........................................................................................6 1.4.4.2 Entretien du sol entre les lignes ......................................................................................6 1.4.4.3 Fertilisation......................................................................................................................7 1.4.4.4 Les tailles ........................................................................................................................7 1.4.4.4.1 Taille de formation .................................................................................................7 1.4.4.4.2 Taille de fructification ............................................................................................7 1.4.4.4.3 Taille pendant le grossissement des fruits..............................................................7 1.4.4.5 Irrigation..........................................................................................................................7 1.5 Récolte et conservation...................................................................................................................8 1.5.1 Récolte...................................................................................................................................8 1.5.1.1 Période de récolte ............................................................................................................8 1.5.1.2 Récolte proprement dite..................................................................................................8 1.5.2 Conservation..........................................................................................................................9 1.6 Utilisations......................................................................................................................................9 1.6.1 Les feuilles.............................................................................................................................9 1.6.2 Les graines.............................................................................................................................9 1.6.3 Le tronc d’arbre .....................................................................................................................9 1.6.4 Les fruits..............................................................................................................................10 Chapitre 2 : Présentation du milieu physique de Rollinia pulchrinervia .....................................11 2.1 Localisation géographique............................................................................................................11 2.2 Conditions climatiques .................................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Température.........................................................................................................................11 2.2.2 Pluviométrie ........................................................................................................................11 2.2.3 Vent .....................................................................................................................................12 2.2.4 Cyclones ..............................................................................................................................12 2.2.5 Humidité relative .................................................................................................................12 2.3 Hydrologie....................................................................................................................................13
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