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List of culinary

Some culinary fruits

This list of culinary fruits contains the names of some fruits that are considered edible in some cuisines. The word “” is used in several different ways.[1] The def- inition of fruit for these lists is a culinary fruit, i.e. “Any sweet, edible part of a that resembles fruit, even if it does not develop from a floral ovary; also used in a technically imprecise sense for some sweet or sweetish , some of which may resemble a true fruit or are used in cookery as if they were a fruit, for example rhubarb.”[2] Note that many edible plant parts that are true fruits botanically speaking, are not considered culinary fruits. They are classified as vegetables in the culinary sense (for example: the , , , and so on), and hence they do not appear in this list. Similarly, some botanical fruits are classified as nuts (e.g. and various ), or staples (e.g. ), and like- wise do not appear here. There also exist many fruits which are edible and palatable but for various reasons have not become popular.

1 Alphabetical list by common An array of tropical fruits at University of Hyderabad, name • African cherry ( articulata; ) 1.1 A • African ( gabonensis) • Abiu ( caimito; ) • African moringa (Moringa stenopetala; • Açaí (Euterpe oleracea; ), or Assai Moringaceae) • Acerola (Malpighia glabra; Malpighiaceae), also called cherry or West Indian cherry • Ambarella (Spondias dulcis; Anacardiaceae) • Ackee (Blighia sapida or Cupania sapida; • American Black Elderberry ( canadensis; Sapindaceae) )

1 2 1 ALPHABETICAL LIST BY COMMON NAME

• American ( virginiana; ) • American ( americana; ) • American Red Elderberry (Sambucus pubens; Adoxaceae) • American Red ( strigosus; Rosaceae) • • Apple and crabapple (Malus) • Apple, Malay, see Malay apple Acerola • Apple, custard, see Custard apple • Apple, elephant, see Elephant apple • Apple, kei, see key apple • Apple, mammee, see mammee apple • Apricot ( or Armeniaca vulgaris) • Araza ( stipitata) • Arhat ( grosvenorii; ) Also called longevity fruit

Mangos • Atemoya (Annona cherimola × Annona squamosa; ) • Atherton Raspberry (Rubus probus; Rosaceae) • (Persea americana; Lauraceae)

1.2 B

• Babaco (Carica pentagona; Caricaceae) • Bacupari ( gardneriana) • Bacuri ( esculenta; Guttiferae) • Bael, or Woodapple (Aegle marmelos; Rutaceae), found in eastern India. • (Musacea spp.; Musaceae); its starchy vari- ant is the plantain Passion fruits • Barbadine (granadilla; maracujá-açu in Portuguese)

• American (Castanea dentata; Fagaceae) • Barbados Cherry, see acerola • Batuan (Garcinia morella) • American : North American (e.g., Vitis labrusca; Vitaceae) and American-European • Beach Plum (Prunus maritima; Rosaceae) hybrids are grown where grape (Vitis vinifera) is not hardy and are used as rootstocks • Bearberry (Arctostaphylos spp.) • • American (; Nut (“Areca catechu”; Arecaceae) Betulaceae) • Bignay (Antidesma bunius; Euphorbiaceae) • American Pawpaw (Asimina triloba; Annonaceae) • or whortleberry (Vaccinium spp.) 1.3 C 3

• Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi; Oxalidaceae) Also called 1.3 C cucumber or tree • Caimito (Chrysophyllum_cainito; Sapotaceae) • Biriba ( deliciosa; Annonaceae) • Calabash Tree (Crescentia cujete) • Bitter melon, the flesh of which is bitter, and used as a culinary , but with a sweet coating around • Calamondin (Citrofortunella Microcarpa) the mature • (×Citrofortunella Mitis)) • Black Apple (Planchonella australis; Sapotaceae) • CamuCamu (Myrciaria dubia; ) • Black cherry (Prunus serotina; Rosaceae) very pop- ular flavoring for pies, jams, and sweets. • Canary melon • Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis or Rubus leuco- • Canistel (; Sapotaceae), also dermis; Rosaceae) called yellow or "eggfruit" • Black Mulberry (Morus nigra; ) • Cantaloupe • Black Sapote (Diospyros digyna) • Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana; ) • Black (; Juglandaceae) • Capuli cherry (Prunus salicifolia, Prunus capuli or • , of which there are many species and hy- Prunus serotina subsp. capuli); Rosaceae), native to brids, such as , , , the [3] and ( Rubus) • Carambola (Averrhoa carambola; Oxalidaceae), • also called star fruit or five fingers • Blue tongue (Melastoma affine; Melastomataceae) • Cardón (Pachycereus pringlei; Cactaceae) • (Vaccinium, sect. Cyanococcus; • Carob (Ceratonia siliqua; ) ) • apple (Anacardium occidentale) • Bolivian (Parajubaea torallyi) • • Bolwarra (Eupomatia laurina; Eupomatiaceae) Cassabanana (Sicana odorifera; Cucurbitaceae) • Boquila (Boquila trifoliata ; ) • Cattley Guava (Psidium cattleianum; Myrtaceae) • Bottle Gourd also known as Calabash (Lagenaria • Cawesh (Annona scleroderma; Annonaceae) siceraria; Cucurbitaceae) • Cedar Bay cherry (Eugenia carissoides; Myrtaceae) • Brazilian Guava (Psidium guineense; Myrtaceae) • Ceriman (Monstera deliciosa; Araceae) • Breadnut ( camansi; Moraceae) • Cereus peruvianus • Breadnut, Mayan, see Mayan breadnut • Ceylon gooseberry ( hebecarpa; • Broad- Bramble (Rubus moluccanus; Rosaceae) Flacourtiaceae • Brazilian Guava (Psidium guineense; Myrtaceae) • Charichuelo (Garcinia intermedia) • Brush cherry ( australe; Myrtaceae) • Chayote (Sechium edule; Cucurbitaceae) • Buddha’s Hand • Che (Cudrania tricuspidata; Moraceae) Also called • Buffaloberry (“Shepherdia argentea"; Cudrania, Chinese Mulberry, Cudrang, Mandarin Elaeagnaceae), which grows wild in the prairies of Melon , Silkworm Thorn, zhe Canada • Chempedak or Champedak (Artocarpus integer; • Burdekin Plum (Pleiogynium timorense; Moraceae) Anacardiaceae) • Chenet (guinep or ackee; pitomba-das-Guinas in • Burmese grape, or Latka (Baccaurea sapida; Portuguese), also known as Spanish or mam- Phyllanthaceae) oncillo • Bush tomato (Certain species; Solanaceae) • (Annona cherimola; Annonaceae), na- • Button (Garcinia prainiana) tive to the Ecuadorian Andes[4] 4 1 ALPHABETICAL LIST BY COMMON NAME

• Cherry, sweet, black, sour, and wild species (Prunus 1.4 D avium, Prunus serotina, Prunus cerasus, and others) • Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum; ) • Cherry ballart (Exocarpus cupressiformis; Santalaceae) • plum ( subsp. insititia; Rosaceae) • Cherry of the Rio Grande (Eugenia aggregata; Myrtaceae) • Date (Phoenix dactylifera; Arecaceae) • Chilean guava (Psidium cattleianum; see also • Date plum (Diospyros lotus; Ebenaceae) (Myrtaceae) • Davidson’s plum (Davidsonia spp.; Cunoniaceae) • Chinese jujube (Ziziphus zizyphus; ) Davidsonia jerseyana Davidsonia johnsonii • Chinese (Canarium album; Burseraceae) Davidsonia pruriens • Chinese (Pseudocydonia sinensis) • Dead Man’s Fingers(Blue , Blue Sausage Fruit,) • Chokeberry (Aronia) • Desert banana (Marsdenia australis) • Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) • Desert fig (Ficus platypoda; Moraceae) • Chupa-Chupa (Quararibea cordata; Malvaceae) • • ( medica) Desert lime (; Rutaceae) • (Citrus reticulata var. clementine), • Dodder laurel (Cassytha melantha) • Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) • Doubah (Marsdenia australis; Apocynaceae) • Cluster fig (Ficus racemosa; Moraceae) • Double Coconut or Coco-de-mer( mal- divica; Arecaceae) • Cocky apple ( careya) • • Coco Plum (Chrysobalanus icaco; Dragonfruit / Pitaya (Hylocereus spp.; Cactaceae) Chrysobalanaceae) • Duku (Lansium domesticum; Meliaceae) • Cocona (Solanum sessilifolium; Solanaceae) • (Durio zibethicus; Malvaceae) • Coconut (Cocos nucifera; Arecaceae) • Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco; 1.5 E Chrysobalanaceae) • Eastern May Hawthorn (Crataegus aestivalis; • Coffee (“coffee cherries” surround the better-known Rosaceae, better known as mayhaw.) “bean”) • Elderberry (Sambucus; Caprifoliaceae) • Cola nut (Cola acuminata; Sterculiaceae) • • Common apple-berry (Billardiera scandens; Elephant Apple (Dillenia indica; Dilleniaceae or Pittosporaceae) Limonia acidissima; Rutaceae) • • Conkerberry (Carissa lanceolata; Apocynaceae) Emblica, see Indian gooseberry • Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas; Cornaceae) • Apple (Owenia acidula; Meliaceae) • Costa Rican Guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum; • Emu berry (Grewia retusifolia) Myrtaceae) • (Vaccinium spp.) 1.6 F • Crowberry (Empetrum spp.) • Falberry (Vaccinium spp.) • Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum; Malvaceae) • False- (Sideroxylon foetidissimum; • Currant (Ribes spp.; Grossulariaceae), red, black, Sapotaceae) and white types • Feijoa, see guava • Curry-leaf Tree (Murraya koenigii; Rutaceae) • Fibrous Satinash (Syzygium fibrosum; Myrtaceae) • Custard Apple (Annona reticulata; Annonaceae), also called Bullock’s Heart • Fig (Ficus spp. Moraceae) 1.8 H 5

• Finger Lime (; Rutaceae) 1.8 H • strangler fig (Ficus aurea; Moraceae) • Hackberry (Celtis spp.; Cannabaceae) • Forest , • Hairless rambutan • Hardy Kiwi (Actinidia arguta; Actinidiaceae ) 1.7 G • Hawthorn (Crataegus and Rhaphiolepis) • Gac • Hog Plum (taperebá in Portuguese) • Galia melon • Honeydew • Gambooge (Garcinia cambogia; ) • Honeysuckle[6] • Genip (Melicoccus bijugatus; Sapindaceae) • • Giant Colombian blackberry (Rubus macrocarpus), Horned melon (; native to the highlands of , up to 5 cm long Cucurbitaceae) [5] and 2.5 cm wide • (Vaccinium spp.) • Giant Granadilla (Passiflora quadrangularis; • Huito (Genipa americana; Rubiaceae); also called Passifloraceae) jagua, genipap, jenipapo • Gooseberry (Ribes spp.; Grossulariaceae) • Gooseberry, Ceylon, see Ceylon gooseberry 1.9 I • Gooseberry, Indian, see Indian gooseberry • Ice Cream Bean (Inga edulis) • Gooseberry, Otaheite, see Otaheite gooseberry • Ilama (Annona diversifolia; Annonaceae) • Gooseberry, cape, see cape gooseberry • Illawarra Plum (Podocarpus elatus; Podocarpaceae) • Goumi (Elaeagnus multiflora; Elaeocarpaceae) • Imbe (Garcinia livingstonei) • Governor’s Plum (Flacourtia indica; Flacourtiaceae) • Indian • Granadilla, Montessa, see Montessa granadilla • • Granadilla, yellow, see yellow granadilla Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica/Emblica of- ficinalis; Euphorbiaceae) • Grape, called raisin, sultana when it is dried. (Vitis spp.; Vitaceae) • Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana; Rhamnaceae) • (Citrus × paradisi; Rutaceae) • Indian prune (Flacourtia rukan; Flacourtiaceae) • Greengage, a of the plum • Ground Plum (Astragalus crassicarpus; Fabaceae), 1.10 J also called Ground-plum milk-vetch • Jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora; Myrtaceae), also • Grumichama (Eugenia brasiliensis; Myrtaceae) called Brazilian Grape Tree • Guanabana (Annona muricata; Annonaceae) • (Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae), also • Guarana (Paullinia cupana; Sapindaceae) called nangka • Guava (Psidium guajava; Myrtaceae) • Jambul (Syzygium cumini; Myrtaceae) • Guava, Cattley, see Cattley guava • Japanese Persimmon, or Sharon fruit (Diospyros kaki; Ebenaceae) • Guava, Chilean, see Chilean guava • Jatobá (Hymenae coubaril; Leguminosae) • Guava, Costa Rican, see Costa Rican guava Caesalpinioideae) • Guava, pineapple, see pineapple guava • Jelly Palm (Butia capitata) • Guava, purple, see purple guava • Jocote, also called Plum • Guava, , see strawberry guava • Jujube (Ziziphus zizyphus; Rhamnaceae) • Guavaberry/Rumberry; (Myrciaria floribunda; Myrtaceae) • Jujube, Chinese, see Chinese jujube 6 1 ALPHABETICAL LIST BY COMMON NAME

• Jujube, Indiana, see Indian jujube • Lardizabala (Lardizabala biternata; Lardizabalaceae) • berry (Juniperus spp.), used for flavoring and in making • (Citrus limon) • Lemon aspen ( acidula; Rutaceae) 1.11 K • Leucaena • (Citrus Sphaerocarpa) Rutaceae • Lillypilly (Acmena spp., Syzygium spp.) Used raw • Kaffir lime (Citrus hystix) and in jam • • Kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides) Little gooseberry tree (Buchanania arborescens; Anacardiaceae) • Kakadu lime (Citrus gracilis; Rutaceae) • Lime • Kakadu plum (; • Combretaceae) Limeberry (Trifasia trifolia; Rutaceae) • • Kandis (Garcinia forbesii; Clusiaceae) (Citrus aurantifolia × Fortunella spp.; Rutaceae) • Kapok (Ceiba pentandra; Bombacaceae) • Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) • Karkalla (Carpobrotus rossii; Aizoaceae) • (Rubus loganobaccus) • Karonda (Carissa carandas; Apocynaceae) • Longan (Dimocarpus longan or Euphoria longana; • Kei apple (Dovyalis caffra; Flacourtiaceae) Sapindaceae) • Kepel fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol; Annonaceae) • Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica; Rosaceae) • Keule (Gomortega keule; Gomortegaceae) • Louvi (Flacourtia inermis; Flacourtaceae) • (Citrus aurantifolia) • Lúcuma (Pouteria campechiana; Sapotaceae) • Kitembilla (Dovyalis hebecarpa; Flacourtiaceae) • (Litchi chinensis; Sapindaceae) • Kiwano, see horned melon 1.13 M • Kiwifruit (Actinida spp.; Actinidiaceae) • • Korlan Ma-praang (Bouea macrophylla; Anacardiaceae) • • (Fortunella spp.) Mabolo (Diospyros discolor; Ebenaceae) also known as a velvet persimmon • Kumquat, meiwa, see meiwa kumquat • (; Proteaceae) • Kumquat, nagami, see nagami kumquat • Macadamia, rough shell, see rough shell macadamia • Kundong (Garcinia sp.; Clusiaceae) • Madrono (Rheedia acuminata; Guttiferae) • Kutjera (Solanum centrale; Solanaceae) • Malabar plum (Syzygium jambos; Myrtaceae) • Kwai Muk (Artocarpus hypargyraea; Moraceae) • Malay Apple (Syzygium malaccense; Myrtaceae) • 1.12 L Mamey Sapote (; Sapotaceae) • Mammee Apple ( americana; Guttiferae) • Lady apple (Syzygium suborbiculare; Myrtaceae) • Mamoncillo (Melicoccus bijugatus; Sapindaceae), • Lakoocha (Artocarpus lakoocha; Moraceae) also known as quenepa, genip or Fijian Longan • Langsat (Lansium domesticum), also called • Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) longkong or duku • Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa; Apocynaceae) • Lanzones (Lansium domesticum; Meliaceae) • Mango ( indica; Anacardiaceae) • Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris Roxb. Anacardiaceae) • Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana; Guttiferae) 1.14 N 7

• Manila (Pithecellobium dulce; • Mulberry (Morus spp.; Moraceae) including black, Leguminosae) red and white mulberry

• Manoao (Manoao colensoi) • Munydjudj, see wild plum

• Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis; Elaeocarpaceae) • Mundu (Garcinia dulcis)

• Marang • Muntries (Kunzea pomifera; Myrtaceae)

• Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) • Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia; Vitaceae)

• Breadnut, Mayan (; Moraceae) • Muskmelon • Mayapple (Podophyllum spp.; Berberidaceae)

• Mayhaw, see Eastern may hawthorn 1.14 N

• Maypop (Passiflora incarnata; Passifloraceae) • Naartjie (Citrus reticulata, Citrus nobilis)

• Medlar () • Nagami Kumquat (Fortunella margarita; Rutaceae) • Nageia (Nageia spp.) • Meiwa Kumquat (Fortunella japonica; Rutaceae) • Nance (Byrsonima crassifolia; Malpighiaceae) • Melinjo • Nannyberry or sheepberry (Viburnum spp.; • Melon Caprifoliaceae) • Midyim ( dulcis; Myrtaceae) • Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense; Solanaceae) • Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum; Sapotaceae) • Native currant ( depressa; Ericaceae) • Mock Strawberry or Indian Strawberry (Potentilla • Native gooseberry (Physalis minima; Solanaceae) indica; Rosaceae) • Native raspberry (Rubus parviflorus) • Mombin, purple, see purple mombin • Nectarine, see peach • Mombin, red, see red mombin • • Mombin, yellow, see yellow mombin Neem (Azadirachta indica; Meliaceae) • • Monkey Jackfruit (Artocarpus rigidus; Moraceae) Néré (Parkia biglobosa) • • Monkey Tamarind (Inga edulis; Leguminosae) Nonda plum (Parinari nonda) • • Monstera (Monstera deliciosa; Araceae) also called Noni (Morinda citrifolia; Rubiaceae) Swiss Cheese Plant, Split-leaf Philodendron • Nungu ( flabellifer; Arecaceae) • Montessa Granadilla (Passiflora platyloba; • (Myristica fragrans; Myristicaceae) Passifloraceae)

• Mora Común (Rubus adenotrichus), most common native berry from to [7] 1.15 O

• Mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus), a blackberry na- • Oil Palm (; Arecaceae) tive to South and [8] • Olive • Morinda • Orange, of which there are sweet (Citrus sinensis) • Morinda citrifolia and sour (Citrus aurantium) species

• Mortiño, or Andean blueberry (Vaccinium floribun- • grape (Mahonia aquifolium; Berberidaceae) dum), undomesticated, abundant in the northern • Andes[9] (Citrus paradisi C. grandis) Rutaceae (Also called the sweetie) • Mountain pepper (Tasmannia spp.; Winteraceae ) • Otaheite gooseberry (Phyllanthus acidus; • Mountain (; Annonaceae) Phyllanthaceae) 8 1 ALPHABETICAL LIST BY COMMON NAME

1.16 P • Pois doux (Inga edulis, ice-cream bean, or inga-cipó in Portuguese) • Palmyra Palm/Toddy Palm (Borassus flabellifer; Arecaceae) • (Punica granatum; Punicaceae) • (Carica papaya; Caricaceae) • (also known as the shaddock) (Citrus max- ima) • Passion fruit or Granadilla (Passiflora edulis and other Passiflora spp.; Passifloraceae) • Pommecythère or pomcité (Spondias cytherea); also known as golden apple, June plum or Jew plum and • Pawpaw (Asimina triloba; Annonaceae, not to be ambarella, and as cajamanga in Portuguese confused with Papaya (Carica papaya; Caricaceae), which is called pawpaw in some English dialects) • Pommerac (Eugenia malaccensis); also known as Otaheite apple; Malay apple; jambo in Portuguese • Peach (of the normal and white variety) and its vari- ant the nectarine (Prunus persica) • Pond-apple (; Annonaceae) Also called Alligator-apple and Monkey-apple • Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes; Arecaceae) • Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.; Cactaceae) used as both • (Arachis hypogaea; Fabaceae) a fruit and vegetable depending on part of plant. • Peanut fruit (Bunchosia argentea; • Malpighiaceae) Pulasan (Nephelium mutabile; Sapindaceae) • • Pear, European and Asian species (Pyrus) Pummelo (Citrus grandis; Rutaceae) • (Carya illinoinensis or illinoensis; • ( spp.) Juglandaceae) • Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes; Arecaceae); also known • Pepino (Solanum muricatum) as Peach Plum or Pewa • Pequi (Caryocar brasiliensis; Caryocaraceae) • Purple apple-berry (Billarderia longiflora; Pittosporaceae) • Also known as tahiti lime. • Purple granadilla (Passiflora edulis f edulis; • Persimmon, American, see American persimmon Passifloraceae) • Persimmon, oriental, see Oriental persimmon • Purple Guava (Psidium rufum; Myrtaceae) • Peumo (Cryptocarya alba; Lauraceae) • Purple Mombin (Spondias purpurea; • Phalsa (Grewia subinaequalis; Tiliaceae) Anacardiaceae) • Pigeon 1.17 Q • Pigeon plum (Coccoloba diversifolia; Polygonaceae) • • Pigface (Carpobrotus glaucescens; Aizoaceae) Quandong (Santalum acuminatum; Santalaceae) • Pili Nut (; Burseraceae) • Queensland Ebony (Diospyros humilis) • Pindo Palm (Butia Capitata; Arecaceae) • Quince (Cydonia oblonga and ) • Pineapple (Ananas comosus ; Bromeliaceae) 1.18 R • Pineapple guava (Feijoa sellowiana; Myrtaceae) • • Pink-flowered Native Raspberry (Rubus parvifolius; Raisin tree ( dulcis, Rhamnaceae) Also Rosaceae) called Japanese Raisin Tree • (Pistacia vera; Anacardiaceae) • Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum; Sapindaceae) • Pitaya, see Dragon fruit • Raspberry, several species (genus Rubus) • Pitomba (Eugenia luschnathiana or Talisia escu- • Red granadilla (Passiflora coccinea; lenta) Passifloraceae)* Red Mombin (Spondias pur- purea; Anacardiaceae) • Plum, of which there are several domestic and wild species; dried are called prunes • Red Mombin (Spondias purpurea; Anacardiaceae) 1.19 S 9

• Red Mulberry (Morus rubra) • Shipova (× Sorbopyrus auricularis)

• Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum; Polygonaceae) • Sloe (Prunus spinosa, Rosaceae) • Riberry (Syzygium luehmannii; Myrtaceae), also • Small-leaf tamarind (Diploglottis campbellii; called Lilly Pilly, Lillipilli, Chinese Apple Sapindaceae) • Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) • Snow berry (Gaultheria hispida; Ericaceae) • Rollinia (Rollinia mucosa; Annonaceae) • Soncoya (Annona diversifolia; Annonaceae) • Rose apple (Syzygium jambos; Myrtaceae) • Service tree ( domestica), bears a fruit known • Rose hip, the fruitlike base of roses (Rosa); used as a sorb or sorb apple mostly for jams and herbal teas • • Rose-leaf Bramble (Rubus rosifolius; Rosaceae) Soursop (Annona muricata; Annonaceae), also called guanabana • Rose myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri; Myrtaceae) • Southern Crabapple (Malus angustifolia; Rosaceae)

• Rough Shell Macadamia (; • Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus; Sapindaceae) Proteaceae) • Spanish tamarind (Vangueria madagascariensis) • Rowan (Sorbus) • Spiny Monkey-orange (Strychnos spinosa)

1.19 S • Star Apple (; Chrysobalanaceae), also called caimito or caimite • Safou ( edulis), also called atanga or but- terfruit • Starfruit, see carambola • Sageretia (Sageretia theezans; Rhamnaceae) Also • called Mock Buckthorn. Strawberry (Fragaria)

• Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea; Cactaceae) • Strawberry Guava (Psidium littorale; Myrtaceae)

• Salak (Salacca edulis; Arecaceae), also called • Strawberry myrtle, see ugni snakefruit or cobrafruit • Strawberry Pear • Salal (Gaultheria shallon; Ericaceae) • Apple (Annona squamosa; Annonaceae); ata • Salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis) in Portuguese • Sandpaper Fig (Ficus coronata; Moraceae) • Surinam Cherry (Eugenia uniflora; Myrtaceae) also • Santol (Sandoricum koetjape; Meliaceae) called Brazilian Cherry, Cayenne Cherry, Pitanga • Sapote, see mamey • Sweet apple-berry (Billarderia cymosa; • Sapodilla ( zapota; Sapotaceae), also Pittosporaceae) called chiku, mespel, naseberry, sapadilla, snake • Sweet Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis; fruit, sawo Passifloraceae) • Satinash, fibrous, see #fibrous_satinash#fibrous sati- nash • ()

• Saskatoonberry (Amelanchier alnifolia, Rosaceae) • Sweet orange

• Saw Palmetto ( repens; Arecaceae) • Sweet pepper • Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides; • Sweetsop (Annona squamosa; Annonaceae) also Elaeagnaceae) called Sugar Apple • Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera; Polygonaceae) • Sycamore fig (Ficus sycomorus. Moraceae) also • Serviceberry or Saskatoon (Amelanchier) called old world sycomore or just sycomore. 10 1 ALPHABETICAL LIST BY COMMON NAME

1.20 T • White Sapote ( edulis; Rutaceae)

• Tahitian apple (Spondias dulcis) • Whortleberry, see bilberry • or Tree Tomato (Cyphomandra betacea; • Wild grape (Ampelocissus acetosa) Solanaceae)

• Tamarind (Tamarindus indica; Leguminosae) • Wild orange (Capparis mitchellii; Capparaceae) • Tamarind, Manila, see Manila tamarind • Wild peach (Terminalia carpentariae) • Tamarind, monkey, see monkey tamarind • Wild plum (munydjudj) (Buchanania obovata) • Tamarind, velvet, see velvet tamarind • Wild plum (Santalum lanceolatum) • , and similar

• Tanjong (Mimusops elengi; Sapindaceae) • Wild Mangosteen ()

• Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana; Ebenaceae) • Wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius) • Thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus) • Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum, Lycium spp.; • Tōtara (Podocarpus totara) Solanaceae)

• Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia; Rosaceae) • Wongi (Manilkara kaukii; Sapotaceae) • Tropical Almond (Terminalia catappa; • Combretaceae) Apple (Feronia limonia; Rutaceae)

1.21 U 1.24 Y • Ugni (Ugni molinae; Myrtaceae) • Yangmei (Myrica rubra; Myricaceae) Also called Yumberry, Yamamomo, Chinese Bayberry, 1.22 V Japanese Bayberry, Red Bayberry, or Chinese strawberry tree • (Vanilla planifolia; Orchidaceae) • Yantok, or fruit (Calamus manillensis) • Velvet Tamarind ( indum; Leguminosae) • Yellow Granadilla (Passiflora edulis f flavicarpa; Passifloraceae) 1.23 W • Yellow Mombin (Spondias mombin; Anacardiaceae) • Wampee (Clausena lansium; Rutaceae)

• Wani (Mangifera caesia; Mangifera) • Yellow plum (Ximenia americana; Olacaceae)

• Water Apple (Syzygium aqueum; Myrtaceae) • Yew (Taxus baccata; Taxaceae) • (Citrullus lanatus) • • apple (“Syzygium samarangense) • , or winter melon (Benincasa hispida), 1.25 Z eaten as a culinary vegetable when mature, but sweet when young • Zig Zag (Melodurum leichhardtii; • Wax jambu (Syzygium samarangense; Myrtaceae) Annonaceae) • West Indian cherry, see acerola • Ziziphus, see Jujube • White aspen (Acronychia oblongifolia; Rutaceae) • Zwetschge (Prunus domestica subsp. domestica; • White Mulberry (Morus alba) Rosaceae) 2.1 Temperate fruits 11

2 Culinary fruits by climate • Rose hip

• 2.1 Temperate fruits Rowan • Fruits of temperate climates are almost always borne on Service tree or woody or lianas. They will not grow ad- • equately in the tropics, as they need a period of cold (a Serviceberry chilling requirement) each year before they will flower. The apple, pear, cherry, and plum are the most widely • Shipova grown and eaten, owing to their adaptability. Many other fruits are important regionally but do not figure promi- nently in commerce. Many sorts of small fruit on this list 2.1.2 The stone fruits, of genus Prunus are gathered from the wild, just as they were in Neolithic times. • Apricot

• Cherry, sweet, black, sour, and wild species

• Chokecherry

• Greengage

• Peach varieties and nectarine

• Plum

• Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the plumcot/apriplum, , aprium, and

2.1.3 Other temperate fruits

• Boquila

• Elaeocarpaceae

• Goumi

• Keule

• Lardizabala

Apples • Maqui

• Pawpaw 2.1.1 The fruits • Peumo • Apple and crabapple (Malus) • Grape, Vitis labrusca • Chokeberry • Hawthorn 2.1.4 • Loquat In non-technical usage, berry means any small fruit that • Medlar can be eaten whole and lacks objectionable seeds. The • Pear bramble fruits, compound fruits of genus Rubus (black- berries), are some of the most popular of these that are • Quince not true berries: 12 2 CULINARY FRUITS BY CLIMATE

• Hackberry

• Honeysuckle[6]

• Mulberry, including black and yellow mulberry

• Mayapple

• Nannyberry

• Oregon grape

• Sea-buckthorn

• Ugni

• Wolfberry

2.2 Mediterranean and subtropical fruits Rubus Fruits in this category are not hardy to extreme cold, as • Blackberry, including dewberry, boysenberry, the preceding temperate fruits are, yet tolerate some frost olallieberry, and tayberry and may have a modest chilling requirement. Notable • Cloudberry among these are natives of the Mediterranean:

• Loganberry 2.2.1 Mediterranean natives • Raspberry species

• Salmonberry

• Thimbleberry

• Wineberry

True berries The true berries are dominated by the family Ericaceae, many of which are hardy in the subarctic:

• Bearberry

• Bilberry • Blueberry

• Crowberry • • Cranberry • Black mulberry • Falberry • Cornelian cherry • Huckleberry • Date • Lingonberry • Fig

Other berries • Grapes, Vitis vinifera and raisins

• Currant • Jujube

• Elderberry • Pomegranate

• Gooseberry • Sycamore fig 2.3 Tropical fruits 13

2.2.2 Citrus 2.2.3 Other subtropical fruits

In the important genus Citrus (Rutaceae), some members • Avocado are tropical, tolerating no frost. All common species of • commerce are somewhat hardy: Carob • Feijoa

• Guava

• Longan

• Lúcuma

• Lychee

• Passion fruit

• Peanut

• Pond-apple

Lemon • Strawberry guava

• Tamarillo • Blood Orange • Yangmei • Citron • Néré • Clementine 2.3 Tropical fruits • Grapefruit Tropical fruits grow on of all habitats. The only • Kumquat characteristic that they share is an intolerance of frost.

• Lemon 2.3.1 A • Lime, including Key, Persian and Kaffir lime • Abiu • Mandarin • Açaí

• Naartjie • Acerola

• Orange (spicy or bitter) • Ackee • • Pomelo African cherry orange • African moringa • Sweet Lemon • Agave • Kabosu • • Oroblanco • Ambarella • Tangerine • American Persimmon

• Hybrids of the preceding species, such as the • Araza , , (fruit) and Ugli fruit • Atemoya

See also: List of Citrus fruits • Avocado 14 2 CULINARY FRUITS BY CLIMATE

2.3.2 B • Cape Gooseberry

• Babaco • Capulin Cherry • Bacupari • Carambola • Bacuri • Cassabanana • Bael • Cattley Guava

• Banana • Cawesh

• Barbadine • Ceriman

• Barbados Cherry • Ceylon gooseberry • Betel Nut • Chayote • Bignay • Chempedak • Bilimbi • Chenet • Biribi • Cherimoya • Black Mulberry • Chilean guava • Black Sapote • Chinese jujube • Bolivian coconut • Cherry of the Rio Grande • Bottle Gourd • Chinese Olive • Breadnut • Chupa-Chupa • Burmese grape • Coco Plum

2.3.3 C • Cocona • Double Coconut

• Coconut

• Cola nut

• Costa Rican Guava

• Cupuaçu

• Curry-leaf Tree

• Cocoplum

• Custard Apple

Caimito fruit cut in half. It is native to the lowlands of Central 2.3.4 D America and the • Damson plum • • Caimito Date plum • Calabash Tree • Dead Man’s Fingers • Calamansi • Dragonfruit • CamuCamu • Duku • Canistel • Durian 2.3 Tropical fruits 15

2.3.5 E 2.3.9 J

• Elephant Apple • Jaboticaba • • Emblica Jackfruit • Jambul 2.3.6 G • Jatobá

• Gambooge • Jelly Plum • Jocote • Genip

• Giant Granadilla 2.3.10 K • Governor’s Plum • Kandis • Grapes • Kapok • Grapefruit • Karonda

• Grumichama • Kei apple • • Guanabana Kepel fruit • Key lime • Guarana • Kitembilla • Guava • Kiwano • Guavaberry • Kiwifruit • Kwai Muk 2.3.7 H • Korlan • Hairless rambutan • Kundong • Hog Plum

• Horned melon 2.3.11 L

• Huito • Lakoocha • Langsat • Honeydew • Lanzones 2.3.8 I • Lemon • • Ice Cream Bean Leucaena • Limeberry • Ilama • Limequat • Imbe • Lime • Indian almond • Longan • Indian fig • Loquat • Indian gooseberry • Louvi • Indian jujube • Lucuma • Indian prune • Lychee 16 2 CULINARY FRUITS BY CLIMATE

2.3.12 M 2.3.14 O

• Mabolo • Oil Palm • Macadamia • Olive • Madrono • Otaheite gooseberry • Malabar plum • Orange • Malay Apple • Oriental Persimmon • Mammee Apple 2.3.15 P • Mamey • Palmyra Palm • Mamoncillo • Papaya • Mangaba • Passion fruit • Mango • Peach palm • Mangosteen • Peanut butter fruit • Manila tamarind • Pecan • Ma-praang • Pepino • Mayan Breadnut • Pequi • Maypop • Pewa • Medlar • Phalsa • Meiwa Kumquat • • Melinjo • Pili Nut • Melon pear • Pindo Palm • Miracle Fruit • Pineapple • Monstera • Pineapple guava • Montessa Granadilla • Pistachio • Mountain Soursop • Pitaya • Monkey Jackfruit • Pitomba • Monkey Tamarind • Pois doux • Mundu • Pomegranate • Muskmelon • Pommecythère 2.3.13 N • Pommerac • Nagami Kumquat • Pulasan • Nance • Pummelo • Naranjilla • Pupunha • Neem • Purple Guava • Noni • Purple granadilla • Nutmeg • Purple Mombin 17

2.3.16 R 2.3.20 V

• Rambutan • Vanilla • Red granadilla • Velvet Tamarind • Red Mombin • Voavanga • Riberry 2.3.21 W • Ridged gourd • • Rollinia Wampee • • Rose Apple Water Apple • Rough Shell Macadamia • Watermelon • Wax jambu 2.3.17 S • Wax Gourd • Safou • White Sapote • Salak • • Santol • Wood Apple • Sapodilla • Sea Grape 2.3.22 X • Soncoya • Xigua • Soursop 2.3.23 Y • Spanish lime • Yantok • Star Apple • Yellow Granadilla • Strawberry Guava • • Strawberry Pear Yellow Mombin • • Sugar Apple Youngberry • Summer squash 2.3.24 Z • Surinam Cherry • Sweet Granadilla 3 Culinary fruits by geographical • Sweet orange origin • Sweet pepper 3.1 Fruits of African origin • Sweetsop

2.3.18 T

• Tahitian apple • Tangerine • Tamarind

2.3.19 U

• Ugni Fruits native to or of African origin: 18 3 CULINARY FRUITS BY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN

• Ackee (Blighia sapida) • Sugar plum (Uapaca kirkiana) • African breadfruit (Treculia africana) • Sweet detar (Detarium senegalense) • African cherry orange (Citropsis articulata) • Sycamore fig (Ficus sycomorus) • African custard-apple (Annona senegalensis) • Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) • African mango () • Waterberry (Syzygium guineense) • African Mangosteen (Garcinia livingstonei) • Waterbessie (Syzygium cordatum) • African medlar (Vangueria infausta) • Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) • African moringa (Moringa stenopetala) • White star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) • African peach (Sarcocephalus latifolius) • Wild apricot (Ancylobothrys capensis) • Balsam apple (Momordica balsamina) 3.2 Fruits of Asian origin • Baobab (Adansonia digitata) • Calabash (Lagenaria siceraria) • Coco de mer (Lodoicea maldivica) • Coffee (Coffea arabica) • Deleb palm (Borassus aethiopum) • Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) • Gemsbok cucumber (Acanthosicyos naudinianus) • Gingerbread plum (Parinari Aubl.) Fruits native to Asia or of Asian origin: • Governor’s plum (Flacourtia indica)

• Hanza (Boscia senegalensis) • Arhat • Jackalberry (Diospyros mespiliformis) • Banana • Junglesop ( mannii) • Batuan • Kei apple (Dovyalis caffra) • Bignay • Kiwano (Cucumis metuliferus) • Bilimbi • Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) • Breadfruit • Milkplum (Englerophytum magalismontanum) • Buddha’s Hand • Miracle Fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) • Bael • Mobola plum (Parinari curatellifolia) • Mango • (Musk)melon (Cucumis melo) • Carambola • Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa) • Charichuelo • Néré (Parkia biglobosa) • Calamondin • Oil palm (Elaeis Jacq.) • Burmese grape • Safou (Dacryodes edulis) • Button Mangosteen • Sand apple (Diospyros chamaethamnus) • Chinese Quince • Spanish tamarind (Vangueria madagascariensis) • Che • Spiny monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa) • Durian 3.4 Fruits of North American origin 19

• Gac

• Goumi

• Hardy Kiwi

• Indian gooseberry

• Jalpai

• Jambul

• Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana)

• Kiwifruit • Capuli cherry

• Mundu • Cherimoya • Lanzones • Coconut, Americas • Lapsi • Feijoa • Longan • Giant Columbian blackberry • Lychee

• Mangosteen • Guarana, Brazilian Amazon

• Marang • Guava, Mesoamerica • Mock Strawberry • Keule • Nungu • Lardizabala • Orange • Mamey Sapote, Mesoamerica • Peach

• Oriental persimmon • Mammee Apple

• Pomelo • Maqui • Rambutan • Mora Común • Rhubarb • Mortiño • Sageretia • Naranjilla • Salak • • Santol Papaya

• Wild Mangosteen • Peumo

• Pineapple 3.3 Fruits of Latin American origin • Sapote, Mesoamerica Fruits native to or of Latin American ori- gin. Plants are of South American origin, except as • Sea grape noted. • Strawberry[10] • Açaí, • Soursop • Avocado, Mesoamerica • • Barberry Sugar-apple

• Cainito • Ugni[11] 20 3 CULINARY FRUITS BY GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN

• Huckleberry • Maypop • Muscadine • Pawpaw • Pecan • Prickly pear • Pigeon plum 3.4 Fruits of North American origin • Red mulberry • Canada and the are home to a surprising Salal number of edible plants, especially berries; however, only • Salmonberry three are commercially grown/known on a global scale (grapes, , and .) Many of the fruits • Saskatoonberry below are still eaten locally as they have been for cen- • turies and others are generating renewed interest by eco- Saw Palmetto friendly gardeners (less need for bug control) and chefs • Southern Crabapple of the region alike. • Texas Persimmon • American Chestnut • Thimbleberry • American Black Elderberry • Toyon • American grape • American Hazelnut 3.5 Fruits of Oceanian origin • American Mayapple • American persimmon • American plum • American Red Elderberry • American Red Raspberry • Beach Plum • Black cherry • Black raspberry Fruits native to Oceania or of Oceanian origin:

• Black Walnut • Atherton Raspberry • Blueberry • Black Apple • Buffaloberry • Blue tongue • Chokecherry • Bolwarra • Coco plum • Broad-leaf Bramble • Cranberry • Burdekin Plum • Eastern May Hawthorn • Bush tomato • False-mastic • Cedar Bay cherry • Florida strangler fig • Cherry ballart • Ground Plum • Cluster fig 21

• Cocky apple • Rose-leaf Bramble

• Common apple-berry • Rose myrtle

• Conkerberry • Sandpaper Fig

• Davidson’s plum • Small-leaf tamarind

• Desert banana • Snow berry • Desert fig • Sweet apple-berry • Desert lime • Tanjong • Dodder laurel • White aspen • Doubah • Wild grape • Emu Apple • Wild orange • Emu berry • Wild peach • Fibrous Satinash • Wild plum (munydjudj) • Finger Lime • Wild plum • Illawarra Plum • Wongi • Kakadu lime • Yellow plum • Kakadu plum • Zig Zag Vine • Karkalla • Kutjera 4 Culinary fruits by type of flora • Lady apple • Lemon aspen 4.1 Rosaceae family • Lillypilly The family Rosaceae dominates the temperate fruits, both • Little gooseberry tree in numbers and in importance. The pome fruits, stone fruits and brambles are fruits of plants in Rosaceae. • Midyim The pome fruits: • Morinda citrifolia • Apple and crabapple • Mountain pepper • Chokeberry • Muntries • Hawthorn • Native currant • Loquat • Native gooseberry • • Native raspberry Medlar • • Nonda plum Pear • • Pigface Quince • Pink-flowered Native Raspberry • Rose hip • Purple apple-berry • Rowan • Quandong • Service tree • Queensland Ebony • Serviceberry • Riberry • Shipova 22 4 CULINARY FRUITS BY TYPE OF FLORA

The stone fruits, drupes of genus Prunus: • Barberry • Currant • Apricot (Prunus armeniaca or Armeniaca vulgaris) • Elderberry • Cherry, including sweet, black, sour, and wild species • Gooseberry • Chokecherry • Hackberry • Greengage • Honeysuckle[6] • Peach and nectarine • Mulberry, including red and white mulberry • Plum of several species • Mayapple • • Hybrids of the preceding species Nannyberry • Oregon grape 4.2 Berries • Sea-buckthorn

In non-technical usage, berry means any small fruit that • Sea Grape can be eaten whole and lacks objectionable seeds. The • Ugniberry bramble fruits, compound fruits of genus Rubus (black- berries), are some of the most popular of these that are • Wolfberry not true berries:

• Blackberry, including many species and hybrids 4.3 Cacti and other succulents • Cloudberry Several cacti yield edible fruits, which are important tra- ditional foods for some Native American peoples: • Loganberry • • Raspberry of several species Cardón • • Salmonberry Dragonfruit • • Thimbleberry Prickly pear • Saguaro • Wineberry • Cereus peruvianus The true berries are dominated by the family Ericaceae, • Numerous other cactus species many of which are hardy in the subarctic:

• Bearberry 4.4 with fruit-like struc- • Bilberry tures • Blueberry Only Angiosperms have fruit, a structure that surrounds the . Gymnosperms have naked seeds, but some of • Crowberry them have reproductive structures that resemble fruit.[12] • Cranberry 4.4.1 Podocarps • Falberry • Huckleberry Podocarps are in the family Podocarpaceae, The seed cones are highly modified and, in some, the seed • Lingonberry is surrounded by fleshy scale tissue, resembling a . These berry-like cone scales are eaten by birds which then • Strawberry Tree disperse the seeds in their droppings and the cones can be eaten in many species. Podocarps are either half-hardy Other berries not in Rosaceae or Ericaceae: or frost tender, depending on species. Many genera are similar in that they have edible “fruits” and often don't • Açaí have a common name. 23

• Kahikatea • List of fruit dishes

• Manoao •

• Nageia • List of edible seeds

• Podocarpus • List of foods

• Prumnopitys • list of inedible fruits

• Rimu • Tropical agriculture

• Tōtara 6 Notes and references 4.4.2 Other gymnosperms [1] See Vegetable#Terminology • (a berry-like cone) [2] See the Wiktionary definition of fruit

[3] Lost Crops of the Incas, p. 223 4.5 Melons and other members of Cucur- bitaceae family [4] Lost Crops of the Incas, p. 229 [5] Lost Crops of the Incas p. 216 Most gourds and many melons are regarded as culinary vegetables. The following are generally regarded as fruits: [6] The berries of some honeysuckle species (called honeyberries) are edible, others are poisonous • Bitter melon [7] Lost Crops of the Incas, p. 217

• Cantaloupe [8] Lost Crops of the Incas, p. 213

• Galia [9] Lost Crops of the Incas, p. 218

• Honeydew [10] Office of International Affairs (1989). Lost Crops of the Incas. National Academies Press. p. 116. • Horned melon [11] Lost Crops of the Incas”, p. 218 • Muskmelon [12] Gifford, E.M.; Foster, A.S. (1989). Morphology and evo- • Watermelon lution of vascular plants. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.

4.6 Accessory fruits 7 External links The accessory fruits, seed organs which are not botani- cally berries at all: • “Center for New Crops”. Purdue University.

• Cashew apple • Fruits of Warm Climates

• Raisin tree • Rare Fruit Growers of with Common fruit names • Strawberry

5 See also

• Fruit

• propagation

• List of citrus fruits

• List of culinary and

• List of culinary nuts 24 8 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

8 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

8.1 Text • List of culinary fruits Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20culinary%20fruits?oldid=657708947 Contributors: Tarquin, Andre Engels, Kowloonese, Hajhouse, Rmhermen, PierreAbbat, Anthere, KF, Michael Hardy, Mahjongg, Dominus, Ixfd64, Sannse, (, Greenman, Stan Shebs, Jpatokal, Samuelsen, Bluelion, Angela, Whkoh, Tristanb, Ronaldo Guevara, Redjar, Feedmecereal, Bemoeial, Marshman, Maximus Rex, Chariot, Karukera, Topbanana, Wiwaxia, Secretlondon, , THSlone, Edededed, Donarreiskoffer, Nufy8, Robbot, WormRunner, HaeB, Alan Liefting, Connelly, Lunkwill, Christopher Parham, MPF, Marnanel, Elf, Wolfkeeper, Mon- edula, Allentchang, MingMecca, Varlaam, Jorge Stolfi, Solipsist, Gzornenplatz, Alan Au, Cam, Pinnecco, Mmm~enwiki, Fishal, Aux- imines, Andycjp, Mendel, DragonflySixtyseven, Creidieki, Neutrality, Corti, Heegoop, Discospinster, Rhobite, YUL89YYZ, Liblamb, Mani1, Dmr2, GPoss, Rubicon, Mad Greg, Jashiin, Bobo192, Circeus, Reinyday, JeR, Geocachernemesis~enwiki, Smrits, Cavrdg, Martg76, Alansohn, LtNOWIS, Zippanova, Snowolf, Fledgeling, Ds pugh, Harej, Axeman89, Geographer, Richwales, Planders, Angr, Woohookitty, Ortcutt, Moormand, Miwasatoshi, Mea76, BD2412, FreplySpang, Awis, Angusmclellan, Astropithicus, Ricardo Carneiro Pires, Durin, Tomtheman5, Yamamoto Ichiro, DClement, Nihiltres, KFP, Malhonen, Le Anh-Huy, Slow Graffiti, Bjwebb, Korg, Ja- sonauk, Wavelength, Waitak, Erachima, RussBot, Epolk, Dr Shorthair, Grubber, Tavilis, Higsby, Curtis Clark, Dysmorodrepanis~enwiki, Grafen, Maverick Leonhart, Apokryltaros, Irishguy, Rbarreira, TDogg310, Chichui, Ingling, IceCreamAntisocial, 21655, Tabby, Don- ald Albury, Th1rt3en, Imperial78, Garion96, Allens, SGMidence, Tallard, SmackBot, Brya, KVDP, Delldot, Paxse, Kintetsubuffalo, Plaidfury, Yamaguchi, Gilliam, TimBentley, Jschlackman, Atacama, Melburnian, Afasmit, Whispering, Worthawholebean, Deenoe, Scwlong, Mihai Capotă, Can't sleep, clown will eat me, Милан Јелисавчић, Brimba, Levana Taylor, Bolivian Unicyclist, Phaedriel, Krich, Kingdon, Caniago, Aelffin, Wirbelwind, Kirils, BullRangifer, Fagstein, Thistheman, Soap, Dhiyani, Apolloourson, Euchiasmus, Gobonobo, JorisvS, Mgiganteus1, PseudoSudo, A. Parrot, Infofarmer, Jon186, Thatcher, Lavadude, Nehrams2020, Clarityfiend, CzarB, CapitalR, Courcelles, Tawkerbot2, Lavateraguy, Neachili, Morganfitzp, CWY2190, Aandu, El aprendelenguas, ShelfSkewed, Lentower, Pro bug catcher, Yaris678, John Yesberg, Kweeiw, Jsferreira, JamesAM, Thijs!bot, Epbr123, Dogaroon, Anupam, Marek69, Smile a While, A3RO, Itsmejudith, GAThrawn22, Nick Number, AntiVandalBot, Luna Santin, Plantguy, Yomangani, Alphachimpbot, Paul144, John , Storkk, JAnDbot, Husond, MER-C, Scarlett Lily, Arch dude, Andonic, Dcooper, Joepan, Magioladitis, VoABot II, Cyni- calfun, Hekerui, Indon, Adrian J. Hunter, Allstarecho, A3nm, Pan Dan, Urco, Peter coxhead, MartinBot, Lisamh, TheEgyptian, R'n'B, Nono64, J.delanoy, Captain panda, Copper8642, Plegadis, Adavidb, Angela C, Peterwatkins99, NYCRuss, DarkFalls, LegallyAsian, The Transhumanist (AWB), Belovedfreak, Tyuijs, Hbijlmakers, Nadiatalent, Hahaha666, Delparnel, Michof~enwiki, FACE3333, Funandtrvl, FACE3337, Dogsgomoo, Chaos5023, Dhaval10, Philip Trueman, Vipinhari, Dchall1, Beni-tengu-take, Ann Stouter, Adam west face, Scottyemo, Billinghurst, Master of the Oríchalcos, WatermelonPotion, Lucretiab, Insanity Incarnate, Agüeybaná, Atomicbre, Those Pants, Logan, Carlwikicarl, Ponyo, Botev, SieBot, StAnselm, Cannonconsult, Frans Fowler, OlliffeObscurity, Eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee, Flyer22, Ark- nascar44, Tanguojeng1982, Hobartimus, PJ1215, Mishrasaurabhk, Kurasu, JohnnyMrNinja, Geraldk, JL-Bot, Escape Orbit, Invertzoo, Iamgreat201, ClueBot, Me5000, Hippo99, Pakaraki, Czac, Cygnis insignis, Hafspajen, Niceguyedc, Excirial, Kihoiu, NuclearWarfare, Calrosfing, La Pianista, Versus22, Liear37, Vigilius, Aamma58, Neuralwarp, Dthomsen8, OlenWhitaker, Addbot, Some on the Inter- net, Percy Jackson, Ronhjones, Jncraton, Chamal N, Sarjan100, Tyw7, Tassedethe, Diglibs2, Botanist3, Se`hk, Luckas-bot, Bunnyhop11, Fraggle81, TaBOT-zerem, Gobbleswoggler, Selkciplum, Dnt1197, KamikazeBot, Amywiki96, Tempodivalse, Synchronism, Backslash Forwardslash, AnomieBOT, Captain picard’s bald head, Piano non troppo, Kingpin13, Materialscientist, Pomeapplepome, Brightgalrs, Xqbot, Apothecia, The sock that should not be, Addihockey10, JimVC3, ChildofMidnight, TheWeakWilled, Grim23, Abiutree, Anna Frodesiak, Bonelessbone, Kiryl, Alumnum, Zefr, Somebody613, Dougofborg, Loveyou1, Captain-n00dle, FrescoBot, R . P . B, Jean.artegui, Taweetham, Stephen Morley, SuperJew, Plantmeister, Pinethicket, Trijnstel, Calmer Waters, RedBot, December21st2012Freak, Hippo88, Jonkerz, Lotje, Extra999, FellFellFell, Suffusion of Yellow, Nazca Turtlehead, DARTH SIDIOUS 2, Protarchaeopteryx-chan, EmausBot, Anchpop, WikitanvirBot, Gfoley4, Angrytoast, Sreejunair, Solarra, Tommy2010, Wwm101, Ryguy611, Thaumaturgist, Shearonink, Savh, ZéroBot, Langra, ChaoticBrain, Lambelkip, SBaker43, Chuck Entz, Socialservice, ClueBot NG, Assurgent, Opentag, Widr, Candleabra- cadabra, Dragquennom, Plantdrew, Unitedstates1000, TCN7JM, Northamerica1000, MusikAnimal, SubContinentalGuru, Khemehekis, Writ Keeper, Teammm, Giantvegetable250, Aldenta, Nyla123890, Ealpiner1, FredericBJ, ThatHatCat, Tortie tude, Ynomelons, Bbiinnf- foorrd, Cedieboy, Flipm, Avacado1285 and Anonymous: 571

8.2 Images • File:Apples.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Apples.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: This image was released by the Agricultural Research Service, the research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture, with the ID K7252-65 (next). Origi- nal artist: Scott Bauer, USDA • File:Carica_papaya_-_papaya_-_var-tropical_dwarf_papaya_-_desc-fruit.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/0/0b/Carica_papaya_-_papaya_-_var-tropical_dwarf_papaya_-_desc-fruit.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Phyzome is Tim McCormack • File:Chrysophyllum_cainito0.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Chrysophyllum_cainito0.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Close_up_grapes.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Close_up_grapes.jpg License: GFDL 1.2 Contributors: Own work Original artist: fir0002 | flagstaffotos.com.au

• File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Culinary_fruits_front_view.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Culinary_fruits_front_view.jpg License: CC BY 3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ? • File:Foodlogo2.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Original Original artist: Seahen 8.3 Content license 25

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