1898. CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD-HOUSE. 5769
PRIVATE BILLS .AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of SATURDAY, June 11, 1898. the following titles were introduced and severally referred as follows: The House met at 12 o'clock m. Pl·ayer by the Chaplain. Rev• . By Mr. BINGHAM: A bill (H. R. 10656) granting a pension to HENRY N. COUDEN. Henrietta Payton, widow of Caleb E. Payton, late of United States The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. steamship Miami, of United States Navy-to the Committee on EXPLANATION. Invalid Pensions. M.r. GROSVENOR. Mr. Speaker, I respectfully request the By Mr. CALLAHAN: A bill (H. R. 10657) granting a pension attention of the House in regard to a matter that transpired at to David Inman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the night session of the House on Thursday night, at the time of By Mr. FOOTE: A bill (H. R. 10658) for the relief of William the debate on the war revenue bill; and I do it upon the ground, Brown, alias Daniel Mulligan-to the Committee on Military first, that I do not claim to be infallible in my judgment as to Affairs. what I ought to do on many occasions. I diatrust my judgment Also, a bill (H. R. 10659) for the relief of Alice Weber-to the as to what I did on that occasion. In the heat of debate, Mr. Committee on· Invalid Pensions. Speaker, as a matter of apology, I think I am more liable to use By Mr. GREENE: A bill (H. R. 10660) to correct the military strong and sometimes bitter language than most men at a time of t·ecord of Thomas Stevenson-to the Committee on Military Af excitement such as then arose. fairs. I do not care to claim, however, that anything that I said was By Mr. HURLEY: A bill (H. R. 10661) to remove the charge by any means unpremeditated, and the conditions that surrounded of desertion standing against the name of Thomas Sullivan-to the House at the time, in my judgment, were to some extent, the Committee on Military Affairs. doubtless, a sufficient apology. But I believe I did injustice to_ By Mr. SMITH of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 10662) to grant a the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Sw.A.NSONl in attributing to pension to John M. Calloway and correct his military record-to him a condition of opinion and sentiment whicli was objectionable· the Committee on Invalid Pensions. and would be very injUrious to that gentleman. And so far as By Mr. WISE: A bill (H. R. 10663) for the relief of Bolivar my language on that occasion conveyed that sort of sentiment, it· Sheild--to the Uommittee on War Claims. shall be cheerfully withdrawn and retracted. I should have l)lade . Also, a bill (H. R. 10664) for the relief of Mrs. Sarah C. Jones this much of explanation at the time but for a statement made by and Mrs. Lucy F. Tvler-to the Committee on War Claims. that gentleman, which I felt put it beyond possibility, without any further conference, that I could enter upon any withdrawal or explanation. ; I have toward that gentleman nothing but the very kindest feel PETITIONS, ETC. ing. He is a very shining mark for Republican criticism, because Under clause 1 of R~le XXII, the following petitions and p·apers of the earliest and sometimes, as I have thought, possibly, savage were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: attacks upon the Republican party which he makes, but beyond By Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine: Petition of Rev. H. B. Long an!l recognizing him as a foe" worthy of any man's steel," I have not other citizens of the State of Maine, in opposition to the so-called had any feeling against him. Personally, I have always liked him. anti-scalping bill or any similar measure-to the Committee on He is a member of the committee on which I se:ve, and is a vigi Interstate and Foreign Commerce. lant and val~able memb~r of the House. I desiTe her~ and no'v By Mr. GROUT: Petition of the Methodist Episcopal Church . to be authonzed by_ the silel!-ce ~f the Ho~s~ ~so modify my Jan of South Royalton, Vt., Rev. E. w. Sharp, presiding, favoring gu~ge~:m that?ccas1on that It ~1 notbemJurious and personally legislation providing that cigarettes imported in original packages ObJectionable m any respect to him: . . on entering any State shall become subject to its laws-to the Mr. SWANSON. Mr. Speaker, m CO?Sideratwn of the state- C-ommittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. m~nt made by the gentleman f~om. Ohw, and ~h~ f~t that he . . C Withdraws what he says was obJectiOnable and IDJurious to me> . Also, petitiOns of Rev. H. M. Goddard and the two ongrega- a statement which is alike creditable to himself and satisfactory tional ~hurch~s of Rotal~n and South Royalton, Vt., and the to me, I desire also to withdraw anything I may have said that Methodist ~J?IScopal Uh~rch of SoutJ;t ?oyalton, Rev. E. W. was offensive to or reflected on the gentleman from Ohio Sha1·p, presiding, to forbid the transmissiOn of lottery messages · by telegraph-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- MEDICAL CORPS OF THE NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES. merce. -Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. Mr. Speaker, there is a very im- Also, petitions of Rev. H. M. Goddard and the two Congrega- portant bill on the Speaker's table, which reached here from the tional churches of Royalton and South Royalton, Vt., and the Senate yesterday, with regard to the organization of the hospital Epworth League of Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church of South corps of the Navy, the emergency and importance of which is ob Royalton, Re_v. E. W. Sharp, presi~ing, asJ?ng for the pass!lge of vious to every member of the House. The amendments of the the bill to ra1se .the a.ge of protection for girls to 18 years m the Senate are entirely unimportant, and I ask that the pending order District of Columbia-to the Committee on the District of Co- may be deferred for a moment, in order that the House may put lumbia. . that bill into immediate operation. Also, petition of W. L. Paine and 14 other members of the In de- Mr. IDTT. Will it take any time? pendentOrderofGood Te~plars Lod~e.of SouthRoy~lton,.Vt.; in Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. I have no idea that it will take any favor of the passage of a bill to prohibit the sale of mtoXIcating time at all. liquors in all Government buildings-to the Committee on Alco- The Clerk read as follows: holic Liquor Traffic. A bill (H. R.l0220) to organize a hospital corps of the Navy of the United By Mr. HURLEY:. Resolution.s o.f the eleventh annual conven. - States, to define its duty and regulate its pay, with the following Senate amendments: tion of the InternatiOnal Assomatwn Of F actory I nspec t ors m Page 1, line 8, after "officers" insert "removable in the discretion of the favor of legislation which will more effectually restrict immigra- Secretary." . · tion and prevent the admission of illiterate, pauper, and ~rimi?al Page 3, lines 2, 3, and 4, strike out "P.~·ovided, That the operation of the classes to the United States-to the Committee on ImmigratiOn ~~~~?ns of this act shall be limited to the duration of the present war with and Naturalization. Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. The amendments of the Senate By Mr. PRINCE: Petition of the First Methodist Episcopal make no substantial alteration of the bill, and I ask that the Church of Rock Island, Ill., asking for the passage of the bill to amendments may be concurred in, Mr. Speaker. raise the age of protection for girls-to the Committee on the Mr. McEWAN. Mr. Speaker, I understand that the amend: Judiciary· ments of the Senate make it for all time, instead of during this Also, petition of the Young People's Christian Union of the war. . United Presbyterian Church of Aledo, ill., praying for the enact- Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. Precisely; but it is entirely within ment of legislation prohibiting interstate gambling by telegraph, the control of Congress. telephone, or otherwise-to the Committee on the Judjciary. Mr. McEWAN. I think that was disputed when it was last l3y M1· THORP: Petition of J. E. Robertson and other citizens before the House. But I withdraw any objection to its consider- of Fort Mitchell, Va., favoring the passage of the anti-scalping ation. - bill"-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. I move to concur in the Senate By Mr. WISE: Papers to accompany House bill No. 10471, for amendmeuts. the relief of Louisa S. Guthrie, widow and executrix of John I. Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. I ask that the section be read Guthrie, deceased-to the Committee on Claims. as it will read if amended. Also, papers to accompany House bill to pay Boliver Shield for The Clerk read as follows: property taken by the-Government during the war-to the Com- SEC. 4.. That all benefits derived from existing laws, or that may hereafter mittee on War Claims. · be allowed by law, to other warrantofficersorenlisted men in the Navy shall -. 5770 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 11,
be allowed in the same manner to the warrant officers or enlisted men in the PRTh'"TING WAR REVENUE ACT. hospital corps of the Nayy. Mr. DINGLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for the Mr. WHEELER of Kentucky. That is not the amendment. present consideration of the resolution for the printing of the war 1\fr. BOUTELLE of Maine. I will state to the gentleman if he revenue act, 16,000 copies for the use of the House and 8,000 copies will permit. The only difference iB that the House inserted a pro for the use of the Senate. viso that the bill should be operative only during the present war. 1\Ir. MARSH. How many copies will that give to each member There was probably a misrmderstanding that this ·created some of the Honse? new authority in the Navy Departlllilnt, but it does not, and the . Mr. PAYNE. Something over forty. _ operations of the bill will be subject to the discretion of the De Mr. MARSH. I suggesttothegentlemanfrom Maine that that partment as to appointments of all these warrant officers. and is not a sufficient number, because in every little village of the pettv officers as now. country there are parties who are taxed under this bill who will Mi-. WHEELER of Kentucky. Does it not provide fora perma want copies. • nent increase of the hospital corps of the Navy after the cessation Mr. DINGLEY. I have no objection to increasing the number. of hostilities? I placed the whole amount at 24,000 copies. l\Ir. BOUTELLE of Maine. All these petty officers and WaJ.Tant 1\Ir. MARSH. I think it ought to be twice us large. officers are within the limitation of the number of men provided 1\Ir. 1\IcRAE. This is to be in the usual document form? for, and the Navy Department has always rated the men in the Mr. DINGLEY. Yes. service to petty officers and warrant officers, according to the rules The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the resolution. of the service. It provides no increase in the number of employees The Clerk read as follows: of the Navy at all Resolved by the H01Lse of Representatives (the Senate concurring), That24,000 Mr. UNDERWOOD. I will ask the gentleman from Maine, Is copies o! an act entitled "An act to provide ways and means to meet war ex not this bill one that was up in the Honse before? penditures, and for other vurposes," be printed, 16,000 copies for the use of l\1r. BOUTELLE of Maine. Precisely. It is the bill to which the. House and 8,000 copies for the use of tho Senate. the gentleman offered an amendment. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration 1\lr. UNDERWOOD. And the bill as it stood then increased of the resolution? rAfter a pause.] The Chair hears none. the amount of pay for those officers at that time? Mr. PERKINS. lias the gentleman from Maine any estimate Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. It changes the rate of some com of the cost of printing these copies? pensations in a slight degree, but very small. This bill iB exceed Mr. DINGLEY. I have not obtained an estimate of the cost, ingly important. The gentleman himself, from the latitude from but of course the difference between 10,000 copies and 20,000 cop which he hails, is perfectly well aware that the season admonishes ies the gentleman from Iowa knows, as a practical printer, is sub us that we ought to put our hospital corps into a state of good stantially the cost of the paper and the printing. organization at once; and we have other information urging the 1\Ir. PERKINS. Might it not be well to provide in the resolu necessity for it. tion that the copies should be distributed through the folding This amendment of the Senate is really nothing substantial. I room? was wHling to allow the gentleman's amendment to prevail in the Mr. DINGLEY. I snppose they would be. If desirable, I will House, because Congress would have it in its power at any time add '' to be distributed through the folding room." to continue this, and the same power exists in Congress to abro Mr. MARSH. I make this suggestion because there is not a gate it at any time. village which has a drug store that is not taxed and is not inter ested in this bill, and letters are coming in all over the country for Mr. UNDERWOOD. Has the bill been to conference? copies of it in order that parties interested may inform them· Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. It has not. I did not deem it of selves as to its provisions and as to their liability under the law. sufficient importance to ask that it go to conference. I hope the gentleman will consent to double the number of copies. Mr. UNDERWOOD. My main objection is not to this bill, Mr. DINGLEY. I amperfectlywillingthat the number should but I think now that we are increasing the taxes, now that we be increased. • have these great war expenditures which we have got to meet, there ought to be no steps taken toward putting a permanent in Mr. RICHARDSON. Is this a concurrent resolution? crease in any of these branches. If you start here an increased Mr. DINGLEY. It is a concurrent resolution. pay in this one branch, the next branch of the service will come Mr. RICHARDSON. Then it does not make any difference as forward and say, '' Yon have increased the pay of these men, now to the number of copies. why not increase our pay?" Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I think there will be occasion for a larger number of copies than is provided for in this resolu~ Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. After the present war the number tion, and I move to amend by increasing the number to 32,000 will be reduced, just as it will in other branches of the service. copies for the House and 16,000 copies for the Senate, making As soon as the exigencies have passed there will be a reorganiza 48.000 in all. tion, but th}s measure is now needed in order that the sick and The Clerk read as follows: . wounded may be properly taken care of. Strike on:t "twenty-four" and insert "forty-eight;" so as to read "48 000." Mr. UNDERWOOD. It was admitted when we had the subject . Strike ,out "sixteen" and insert "thirty-two;" strike out "eight ,l and up before us that this meant a permanent increase in this little msert "sixteen;" so as to read 3:?,000 for the use of the House and 16,000 for branch of the service of about $11,000 a year. the usa of the Senate." 1\Ir. BOUTELLE of 1\Iaine. Yes, 811,000 a year. Mr. DINGLEY. That amendment is satisfactory, so far as I Mr. UNDERWOOD. Now, I think, in view of the fact that the am concerned. vote in the House was 182 to 3, 4, or 5 in favor of striking that Mr. BLAND. I suggest a provision that the documents be dis· out, the Naval Committee should insist on a conference in this tributed through the folding room. matter. Mr. DINGLEY. That would be done, at any rate. 1\Ir. BOUTELLE of 1\Iaine. I am positive the Senate would The question being taken, the amendment was agreed to. not yield in this matter, because it provides the requisite organi The resolution as amended was adopted. zation and to increase the rating applicable to the present exi On motion of Mr. DINGLEY, a motion to reconsider the last gency. The increase is slight, and, as is reported by the Surgeon vote was laid on the table. General, it is absolutely necessary to obtain the men that are re HAW All. quh·ed. I hope there will be no objection to agreeing to the Sen The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois rMr. HITT] ia ate amendment. entitled to the floor upon the joint resolution (If. Res. 259) to Mr. UNDERWOOD. I do not want to object to the bill; I am provide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. willing that it should hold during the present war; but to make Mr. HITT. Mr. Speaker, I am informed that all the copies of any permanent increase at the pre~ent time I think is not wise. I the report accompanying this joint resolution have been ex· am willing for a vote, but I desire to make a motion to nonconcur. hausted. I therefore move that it be reprinted. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration 1\Ir. GROSVENOR. The bill and report. of the bill? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. 1\fr. HITT. Yes; the bill and report, as the bill also has been Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine. Mr. Speaker, I move to concur in exhausted. the Senate amendment. The SPE... t\.KER. The gentleman from Illinois asks unanimous Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. consent that the bill and report on this joint resolution be re Does the motion to concur have precedence over a motion to non printed. Without objection, that order will be made. concur? Mr. RICHARDSON. I suppose this order will include the The SPEAKER. It has. A negative vote to concur is equiva views of the minority. lent to a vote to nonconcur. The question is, Will the House con Mr. HITT. Yes, sir; they are included as a part of the report. cur in the Senate amendment? The SPEAKER. The views of the minority will be included The Senate amendment was agreed to. in the order. The Chair hears no objection. On motion of Mr. BOUTELLE of Maine, amotion toreconsider 1\Ir. HITT. Mr. Speaker, the measure which is now before the the vote whereby the amendment was concurred in was laid on House for the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands is substantially the table. the same as a treaty negotiated last year, which is here put into the 1898. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE. 5771
form of a joint resolution. The treaty was duly ratified by the Sen· Mr. KELLEY. I simply want to call the gentleman's attention ate of the Republic of Hawaii. We therefore know that we are to the map. acting with the cordial assent of the Government of -the country l\Ir. HITT. I will hear the gentleman with interest when he proposed to be annexed. That treaty was preceded by another, comes to address the House. We are all pretty familiar with the negotiated by President Harrison five years ago between the two map-the remarkable position of these islands and the routes that countries, providing for the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands ships ar~ B;CCn~tomed to follow. I do not suppose that my per to the United Sfiates, which treaty was duly ratified by the Gov sonal oprmon lS worth .more than that of the average of mankind .ernment of Hawaii and would probably have been ratified by our who are not specially qualified as commanders and mariners, nor Senate had it not bl*!n withdrawn by reason of a change of the that any member of the House is so presumptions as to consider occupant of our Executive office. his own personal opinion itself an important fact. This is not a.novel question at all. It i.s not an emergency prop~· But we have on this critical and central question, which is not sition sprung upon us suddenly. It is not a case of greed for ter one of common judgment, the opinions of the.most distinguished, ritory and overweening influence brought to bear by a great and· specially expert, and able men of the age, the greatest commanders powerful Government upon one of the smallest in the world to of our armies and our fleets who are living. It is an impressive constrain it to give up its independent existence and be absorbed and convincing'fact that all have given the same opinion. The1·e by the other under the form of a legal proceeding. There is no has been no divergence. Everyone has stated that the possession oppression on om· side, there is no unwillingness on the other side. ?f t?ose islands was.to t~s of. ~e~t impo~tance, many of them say The whole proceeding is with the cordial assent of the duly con mdispensable; that 1.t will diminish, not mcrease, the necessity for stituted authorities of the Hawaiian Republic, and in accordance naval force, economize ships of war and not require more; that in with the terms of the constitution of that Republic. the possession of an enemy, if we shall so foolishly and unwisely It is in pursuance of a policy long discussed and well known act as to refuse annexation and permitihem to pass into the hands there and to our people here and to all the world. It is a result of an enemy, they will furnish a secure base for active operations often contemplated by the successive governments of those islands to harass and destroy the cities of our western coast; that in our for .fifty years, because the circumstances surrounding the little possession, duly fortified, those. islands wm paralyze any fleet, nation in all the changes in its history have plainly made this a however strong however superior to our own naval force in the foregone conclusion. So slender, so tottering a political existence Pacific, before it can attack our coast. in the midst of the mighty political powers of the world had a I acoept the opinion of men like Admiral Walker and Captain precarious tenure of life. It was a continual temptation to them Mahan and General Schofield, Admiral Belknap, General Alexan an all important possession of a weak power. It has often been der, and Admiral Dupont and Chief Engineer Melville. It is a threatened. Seve-ral times it has been seized and occupied by a long list of great sailors and soldiers, distinguished strategists passing commander of a frigate-by a French captain in 1829, by and authorities. The striking fact is that there is no dissent a Bl'itish commander in 1843, again by-the French in 1849. among them. These men, who are authorities, have all concurred Conscious of its feeble ability to maintain independence among as to the great importance of the islands. On one of the islands the nations, the subject of union with our country has been con is Pearl Harbor, 'DOW unimproved,. a possible stronghold an.d a templated long. One of the kings of Hawaii executed a deed of refuge for a fleet, which, fortified by the expenditure of half a cession to the United States in 1851. Another of the kings pre million dollars and garrisoned and aided by the militia of the pared a draft of a treaty of annexation to the United States in 1854, island and its resources, can be made impregnable to any naval bnt before it was executed he died. As I have said, treaties of an force, howeve1·large. nexation to the United States have twice been negotiated with this I speak of a naval force. To capture it there must be a land Government within ihe last five years. It is the natural result of force also. The possession of all the .islands was stated bv these events and causes long o_perating and now concluding with mutual, able men, who were before the committee, to be essential, as they cordial consent. would furnish a valuable militia to promptly cooperate with a There is nothing that can impute to us, ihough this is so great garrison of one or two regiments of artillery until, in file short and mighty a. nation, any purpose of exercising undue .pressure, distance from our shore, we could reenforce them with abundant as has ordinarily been the case in European history where a pow military strength to repel the assault of the disembaTking troops, erful government has taken possession of, absorbed, and extin who must come many thousands of miles farther than our own. guished a smaller. The only question we have to consider, when This is not my mere assertion or opinion on so gra:ve and tech this little commonwealth with open hands offers itself to us, is nical a question. I am merely giving some of the leading points whether we would be better off by taking this step; whether it made by those whose names command the respect of the military would be advantageous to us to accept these islands; whether they and naval professions throughout the world and who have said are worth owning; whether their possession is of any value to us that the possession not only of Pearl Harbor but of all that little or not. group of islands is to us a necessity. I will give some expressions ARE THE ISLA.~'"DS WORTH ANNEXING? used by these distinguished authorities. I might give many more. That is a simple question and ought to be easily answered. Captain Mahan, the most distinguished writer and authority of Other nations have long since expressed their opinion of the our-time on the history of sea power, says: value of the islands in many ways. Though it is a very small It is obvious that if we do not hold· the islandc; ourselves, we can not ex· nationality, a very small extent of the earth's surface, not equal pect the neutrals in the war to prevent the other belligerent from occupy in _people to a Congressional district represented on this floor, yet mg them; nor can the :inhabitants themselves preventsucll occupation. The comm~rClal value is not great enough to provoke neutral w.terposition. In nineteen nations continually maintain Iepresentatives at Hono short, m war we should need a larger Navy to defend the Pacific coast, be· lulu to watch their interests. We keep there to-day an envoy cause we should have not only to defend our own coast, but to prevent, by extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. Why? Not because naval force an enemy from occupying the islands; whereas, if we .Preoccu· pied them, fortifications could preserve them to us. they az·e fertile and beautiful islands, not because there are a little In my opinion it is not practicable for any trans-Pacific country to invade over a hundred thousand people there. No; it is because of the our Pacific coast without occupying Hawaii as a base. supreme importance and value of the islands on account of their General Schofield, who spent three months on the .islands and _position. made a careful survey of Pearl River Harbor, stated to our com They sit facing our western coast-that long stretch confronting mittee: the great Pacific Ocean, the most extensive body of water in the Its secure anchorage for large fleets, its distance from the sea, beyond the world, stretching away for six, seven, eight thousand miles-and reach of the guns of warships, and the great ease with w.hichtheentrance to they are the nearest point to our coast, and far, very far, 1·emoved the harbor could be defended by batteries so as to make it a perfectly safe refuge for merchant shipping or naval cruisers, or even a fleet which m.i~ht from any other point in that vast sea. They are 2,000 miles away find it necessary nnder any circumstances to take refuge there; for coaling from us. That seems a very considerable distance, but the im grounds, for navy-yard repair shops, storehouses, and everything of that mense stretch beyond them to the other portions of the earth is so kind. much greater that they seem comparatively near and are a part The most important feature of all is that it economizes the naval force rather than increases it. It is capable of absolute defense by shore batteries; of our own system. ~o that a naval. fleet, after going there and replenishing its supplies and mak· Wit_h the great change in the construction of fighting ships, all mg whn,t rep:urs are needed, can go away and lea>e the harbor perfectly of which are now moved by steam, coal has become an essential sa.fe under the_ protection of the army. Then arises at once the question why tills harbor will be of consequence to the United States. It has not been of maritime war, as much so as powder o1· guns, and across that easy to make that perfectly clear to the minds of men who nave not-made wide ocean any vessel of war coming to attack the United States such subjects the study of a lifetime till now; but the conditions of the pres· must stop for coal and supplies at the Hawaiian Islands before it ent war, it seems to me, ought to make it clear to everybody. At this moment the Government is fitting out quite a larg~ fleet of steam can attack ns. No ship can be constructed, no battle ship exists ers at San Francisco to carry large detachments of troops and military sup in the world, which can make the trip from the other side of that plies of 11-ll kinds to the Philippine Islands. Honolulu is almost in the direct wide sea to our shores, conduct any operation of hostility against route. That fleet, of course, will want very much to recoal at Honolulu, thus saving that amount of freight and tonnage for essential stores to be carried us, and ever get back unless it has its supply of coal renewed. with it. Otherwise they would have to carry coal enough to carry them all Mr. KELLEY. Will the gentleman permit an interruption? the way from San Francisco to Manila and that would occupy a large amount . Mr. HITT. I should prefer to make my statement consecu of the carrying ~pacity of the fleet, and if they recoal at HonolUlu all that will be saved. More tban that, a fleet is liable at any time to mee~ with stress tively. There will be nearly a whole week for debate and plenty of weather, or perha_ps a heavy storm, and there might be an acCident to the of time for the gentleman to state his views. machinery which will make it necessary to put into the nearest port possible 5772 : coNGRESSIONAL~RECORD-- HOUSE. JUNE ll, for repairs and additional supplies. By the time it reaches there its coal sup expelling Spain from Cuba and liberating the struggling people ply may be well-nigh exhausted; it then has to replenish its coal supply to carry it to whatever port it could reach. • of t~at island;. but once involved in war, it is the duty of the If I am not misinformed in regard to the laws of neutrality, the sup~ly of President, who IS Commander of the Army and Navy, to strike at coal that can be taken on board at neutral ports is only sufficient to l:irmg it Spain wherever he can effectively; and a great and successful back to the nearest home port, and not enough to oorry it across the ocean, so that if we had to regard Honolulu as a neutral port, we could only load up blow was struck in Manila by gallant Admiral Dewey and his coal en~ugh to bring us back to San Francisco. Now, let us suppose, on the fleet. [Applause.] other hand, that the Spanish navy in the Pacific as well as in the Atlantic, TheTe is no one in our country so recreant to his duty as an or both, were a little stronger than ours instead of being somewhat weaker. The first thing they would do would be to go and take possession of the Amencan that he would refuse to support the President in suc Sandwich Islands and make them the base of naval operations against the coring Dewey after his magnificent victory, lying in Manila Bay Pacific coast. holding in control the Spanish power there, but unable to land You have only to consider the state of mind which exists all along the At antic coast under the erroneous apprehension that the Spanish fleet might for want of reenforcements and surrounded by millions of Spanish possibly assail our coast to see what would be the case if the Spanish fleet st~:bjects. ~et it is not possible ~o send support to Dewey to-day were a good deal stronger than ours and took possession of Honolulu and without takmg on coal and supplies at Honolulu in the Hawaiian made it a base of operations in attacking the points on the Pacific coast. We Islands.;_a neutral power. would be absolutely powerless because we would have no fleet there to dis pute the possession of the Sandwich Islands, whereas, if we held that place By the law of nations, that power is bound to refuse to allow and fortified it so that a foreign navy could not take it, it could not operate ships engaged in war ~o t!l'ke on supplies or stay in port over against the Pacific coast at all, for it could not bring coal enough acro.ss the Pacific Ocean to sustain an attack on the Pacific coast. Then the Sandwich twenty-four hour~ and IS hable for all damages to Spanish inter Islands would be a base for naval operations just as Puerto Rico is against ests caused by allowing the rules of neutrality in war to be vio the Atlantic coast. If Spain is strong enou~h to hold Puerto Rico, so that a lated by us. We are strong; Hawaii is weak. We absolutely squadron can replenish with supplies-coal, ammunition, and provisions must use that port, and do use it. there, the whole Spanish fleet can raid our Atlantic coast at will. ·It happens that m this war we have picked out the only nation in the world I~. the rights and duties of neutrality were enforced by the Ha that is a little weaker than ourselves. The Spanish fleet on the Asiatic sta wanan Government, and the Monadnock and the Monterey which tion was the only one of all the fleets we could have overcome as we did. Of are leaving San Francisco for Manila, were compelled to go through course that can not again happen, for :we will not be able to pick up so weak an enemy next time. We are liable at any time to get into a war with ana with such.coal as they could carry, they could not get l;lalf way tion which has a more p.:>werful fleet thn.n ours, and it is of vital importance, before their fires would go out and they would lie weltering help therefore, if we can, to hold the point from which they can conduct opera less, dead, like derelicts, in the Pacific. In order to rea~h the tions against our Pacific coast. Especially is that true until the Nicaragua Canal is finished, because we can not send a fleet from the Atlantic to the Pa Philippine Islands it is a necessity that the transports, battle ships cific. We can not send them around Cape Horn and relJel a.n attack there. and other vessels of the fleet shall take on supplies at Honolulu' If we1md the canal finished, we would be much better off m that respect; but and they are doin_g ~t. ' even then we would want the possession of a base very much. We got a preemption title to those islands through the volunteer action of IS OUR PRESENT POSITION HONORABLE? our American missionaries who went there and civilized and Christianized those people and established a Government that has no parallel in the history The:e is a feature connecte~ with ~his. that is humiliating to an o! the world, considering its age, and we made a preemption which nobody Amencan who loves the consiStent dtgmty and honor of his coun in the world thinks of disputing, provided we perfect our title. If we do not tr~ a~d desires to have it command the_ respect of the world. perfect it in due time, we have lost those islands. Anybody eLse can come in and undertake to get them. W1thm the last. two weeks I hav~ heard, m co~versation among So it seems to me the time is now ripe when this Government should do members of this House, expressiOns of great unpatience at the that which has been in contemplation from the beginning as a necessary con ?Ondu?t of European powers, upo~ newspaper rumor that Span sequence of the first action of our people in going there and settling those islands and establishing a good Government a.nd education and the action of Ish ships of war had been permitted to recoal in one French our Government from that time forward on every sui table occasion in claim island, that a Spanish ship of war had been allowed to stay thir ing the right of American influence over those islands, absolutely exclu rule which we then pressed and now disregard, and under which OUR NATIONAL HONOR IN QUESTION, Hawaii is liable to Spain. By the sixth article of the treaty of . ?-'h.is is a very practical and important question with them, and Wa1hington of 1871 a neutral is bound- It Is Important to us. I said we ~ad only the question of interest First , to use due diligence to prevent the fitting out, arming, or equipping to consider here to-day, whether It would be advantaO'eous to us within its ~urisdiction of any vessel which it has reasonable ground to believe is intendea to cruise or carry on war against a power with which it is at to an~ex. Have we not;also a high question of nation~ honor? , peace, nnd also to use like diligence to prevent the departure from its juris While we are demandmg the observance of neutrality by other diction of any vessel intended to cruise or carry on war as above, such vessel na;t~ons, we dis!egard it ~urselves. We are compelled to it by h!l.ving been specially adapted, in whole or in part, within such jurisdiction to warlike use. military necesSlty. That 1s the fact. What is the honorable so Secondly, not to permit or suffer either belligerent- lution? Annex them and end it all. In a war of defense as I Either Spain or the United States- have stated, these islands are to us indispensable. We find too to make use of its ports or waters as the base of naval operations against the that. in this contest with Spain, which has taken the form of of~ other or for the purpose of renewal or augmentation of military supplies fens1ve war, as we are attacking them in the Orient we are com- or arms or the r ecruit ment of men. Thirdly, to exercise due diligence in its own ports and waters, and as to pelled to usa them in order to support Dewey. ' all persons within its jurisdiction, to prevent any violation of the foregoing DANGER OF DELAY. obligation and duty. That is the law of nations as we pressed it unsparingly, and un Can we put this que'stion off indefinitely? Can we pla.y with der which we collected 15,500,000 from Great Britain for depre our duty under the law of nations, or shall we try to turn about dations committed on our interests by ships that had been coaled and treat them sincerely as neutral? We know that the actual or harbored in British ports in violation of that law. So for every real ne:utr3;lity ef the islands would to-day work us a great injury, The m~nor1typro~ose that we should guarantee the independence damage. done to Spanish interests by an American war ship which of the Islands, ·which, of course, perpetuates their neutrality and has been supplied, repaired, or coaled in the Sandwich Islands puts us in a position that we can not endure. that Government, the property of the people of those islands. is Mr. JOHNSON _of Indiana. I hope the gentleman will not turn liable to pay to Spain the full amount of loss. too much to one side. If he turns too short to the right gentle When this war is over and peace is declared, if the gentlemen men can not hear him on that side, and if he turns too ~harp to opposed to this resolution prevail and prevent annexation and the left we can not hear him on this; and we all want to hear the continue Hawaii's independent existence, if the liabilities of the gentleman. islands on the claims of Spain against the Republic of Hawaii should be refened to arbitration, and the President of the United Mr. HITT. I appreciate the gentleman's suggestion, as it implies States should be one of the arbitrators, he would have to vote to that my remarks have his attention. compel them to pay the last cent, no matter how vast might be W. e can not afford to let them alone. We must possess and the burden of taxation it would impose on that little people. fortify and hold and use them or leave them to their fate. The other side of _the House propose to g~arantee their independence PRESSURE NOW BY FOREIGN POWERS. Now, this is not a vague speculation. It is not merely hypo by a declaration of Congress. That IS a mere matter of words thetical. The property owners in the island are alarmed. The and when war arises words are brushed aside and armies and navie~ foreign powers represented there are active. I hold in my hand a deci~e; and we s11:ould :{>repare not by_decl~rations, but by taking dispatclurom our minister at Honolulu of May 10, a part of which t~e Islands. Be_s1des, mdependence rmphes all the duties and I can not with propriety read, and have not authority to do so; rights of neutrality. The gentlemen would put our Government in but I will read this part: · the dishonorable position of declaring and guaranteeing Hawaiian The strongest influence has been .brought to bear upon the Government ~depend~nce as ~ neutral ?ation at the very moment when we are, ur~g i~ to proclaim n~utrality, give notice to the Bennington to leave port, disregardmg their neutrahty al}d independence. . and inv1te the cooperatiOn of other powers to protect the neutrality of the THEm FUTURE THREATE1\"ED: group. He proceeds to state that this is the opinion of the diplomatic They- can not remain as they are. The future is threatening. corps here, and not only them, but the foreign merchants also, Sagacious statesmen have long foreseen it. "and I regJ:et to say many who heretofore have been classed as Mr. Willis, whom so many old members will recollect as a valu- · American sympathizers and urgent annexationists." Do you won able member of this House, was sent to these islands by Mr. Cleve der at them? With the prospect of such trouble and taxation land to demand the overthrow of the republican government. amounting to confiscation, fearing that the United States, with We all reco~ect ~is di~patches. Many of us had the advantage the powerful influences at work in Washington hostile to Hawaii, of conversation With h1m when he returned to this country. may not come to their rescue, when we have not given a ·hint, much RISING POWER OF J.A.P.L~ IN lliW.AII. less a pledge, to stand between the little Republic and danger, do In o~e of th 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. 5775 on the island: were educated in the schools there, which are simi- fined sugar have nothing to apprehend. The total available lar to the schools here, and those children speak English as an natural cane lands in the islands do not amount to four toWD.Bhips ordinary American child. There is little or no leprosy among of our land. They could not supply a tenth of what we consume. them or anv cleanly, h1ghly civilized people anywhere, After Besides, annexation will make no difference to the farmer here, annexation 'the Asiatics would rapidly disappear in numbers as the raw or unrefined sugar of the Hawaiian Islands now comes under the operation of our laws and under the penal code of the in as free of duty under the Hawaiian reciprocity tJ:eaty as it islahlli!, which would send back Chlnese laborers very soon. would after annexation, and the only man who is affected is the The contract system would be ter!llinated. The immigra~on refiner, who is protected now by the tariff against refined Ha from this country would no doubt mcrease. I have seen httle waiian sugar. Refined sugar does not come in free under the reason to believe that there would be any difficulty whatever in treaty, and if annexation comes the refined sugar will come in regard to any maladies save among those Asi~tic ele~~ts ~d free·, and of course the refiners are hostile to it. the Kanakas. There is leprosy, brought to the 1slands, 1t IS sa1d, Mr. RIDGELY. A short time ago I asked the gentleman's par- by the Chinese. I am not familiar with the facts, personally, mission to ask a question. never having viflited the islands. There is a vague ,impr~ssio:t;t, Mr. CLARDY. I should like to a.sk the gentlemen a question. especially amon(7 Bible readers, who are very prevaLent m this Mr. IDTT. I will yield to the gentleman from Kansas first. House [laJighterJ, as to that word "leprosy" in d~scriptionsof the Mr. RIDGELY. My question is this: The chairman of the islands, which is not correct as to the form of disease called lep- Committee on Foreign Affairs stated what is a very important rosy as it exists in Hawaii, and which I have myself often seen in matter in regard to the treaty existing between the Sandwich the Orient. . Islands and Japan. Under that treaty the Japanese Government It is a malady that rarely affects people of the Caucasian race claimed the right of citizenship for Japanese subjects who are of the better class who use an abundance of soap and water. It now on the island, or who may hereafter go there under this is not contagious in the ordinary sense. Why, I have seen chil-- treaty. ~ow, ::OY question is, if we accept the islands. under the dren in the huts of lepers in Turkey, sons and da.u~hters of lepers, present b1ll, will we have to accept those Japanese subJects under 8 anc110 years of age, who were beautiful children, and who had that treaty? never been away from the leper village. T~at is. a common .sight Mr. HITT. Not at all~not as citizens. _ . in the Orient. It is not the loathsome runnmg diSease mentiOned Mr. RIDGELY. And mvolve ourselves m that affair. so often in the Bible. It seems to be~ paralysis and withm-ing of Mr. HITT. This action. extinguishing the sovereignty of Ra- the ears, fingers, etc., and they drop away pain~essly. . waii and incorporati?g the islands in the United Sta~s would It is communicated by long assooiation and mtercourse, but It abrog~te all ~~r treaties. T_he onl;r part tha~ w<;mld surVlve would is not communicated like the smallpox, or yellow feyer, or any of be cl~1ms ariSmg ~r accrw~g prlor t admit States, that territory that was acquired was always ac· American people. I thank the House for such patient attention. quired with a theoretical view to ultimately being a State or a [Loud applause.] . part of a State, a condition of statehood in some form at some time, Mr. PAYNE. Will the gentleman from Arkansas yield a mo Mr. FLEMING. That is what I meant. ment, that I may make a request of the House to pass a couple of Mr. BITT. When we admitted those vast stretches of ice and bills that the War Department are very urgent to have passed at rock in Alaska that border upon the .Arctic Ocean it was with the this time? theoretical view that some day, under some conditions, they might Mr. DINSMORE. Does the gentleman think the bills wil1 pro- be a part of the United States as States, not merely as a landed voke any discussion at all? possession or territory; but we have waited a generation, and we Mr. PAYNE. Not at all. If they do, I will withdraw them. may wait a thousand years. There are gentlemen sitting all Mr. DINSMORE. How long will it take? around me who represent districts in States made out of territory Mr. PAYNE. Not more than five minutes. which we kept waiting the greater part of a century. How long Mr. DINSMORE. Of course I do not object. was the region which is Montana a territorial possession? I do Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I think that when we assign a certain not know what will be the ultimate destiny of this little gt·oup of time for a great debate in this House, it ought not to be interfered islands and their population, but we may imagine that, with the with. Unless there is an overpowering necessity it can certainly assent of California or Oregon or Washington, they may become wait until next Wednesday. a county or counties and a part of one of those States, and thus Mr. PAYNE. It is very urgently required by the War Depart assume the quality of statehood. But this I give merely as a sug ment to provide ships to transport troops. gestion, and representing the opinion of nobody else, and 1 did Mr. BLAND. I will not opject to this, but I think we -ought not intend to bring it into the debate. not to take the time that has been given to debate of important Mr. SIMS. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him a practical questioll8. question which he has not touched upon? - Mr. SIMS. What is the character of the bills. the gentleman Mr. DINSMORE. I should like to call attention to the fact sneaks of? • · that the chairman of the committee [Mr. HITT] requested that he -Mr. PAYNE. It is to secure vessels for the transportation of should not be interrupted. It is manifest to everybody that he is troops. · not physically strong. Mr. SIMS. I do not think the debate ought to be interrupted. Mr. SIMS. I want to ask about the expense that it will be to Mr. PAYNE. It will not take five minutes. this Government to maintain this territory. · If the gentleman The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. PARKER of New Jersey). does not care to answer it, it does not make any difference. Does the gentleman from Arkansas yield to the gentleman from Mr. HITT. That is a question no man can answer with pre New York? cision. It is a well-managed little republic on a sound financial Mr. SIMS. Now, I want a straight understanding about this. basis. There is a .balance to credit now in the budget of the Mr. PAYNE. It will not take as much time as the gentleman islands. They are not running in debt, but have a margin of sur is consuming. plus. I trust we can administer them as economically as that Gov Mr. SIMS. Do you suppose any war measure so important as ernment does. With the gentleman who has asked me the question to grab these islands? and other gentlemen who will be here in Congress, I have confi Mr. PAYNE. It will not take any time. dence enough in their. wisdom to feel sure that the affairs of a little Mr. SIMS. I will object unless there is an understanding that added population, numbering but one seven-hundredth part of our the time for debate shall be extended. own people, will be successfully cared for in our future legislation. Mr. PAYNE. So far as I am concerned, I am willing that the I have detained the House very long, and I hope that I have not time shall be extended. failed to answer any question. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Unanimous consent is asked by Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. I want to ask the gentleman one the gentleman from New York to suspend the debate for the pas· question for information. I do not want to insist on the gentle sage of the bills he has mentioned. man answering if it will inconvenience him: If we take these Mr. SIMS. I object, unless that other agreement goes into it- islands and annex them, have we to pay anything in the way of that the debate is to be postponed beyond o o'clock. debts? The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? Mr. HITT. Well, they have assets and liabilities, the assets Mr. SIMS. I do, withouf that is agreed to. being twice as great as the liabilities. We take both when we The SPEAKER pro tempore. Objection is made. take the Government. There is a provision in the resolution that Mr. SIMS. Now, I do not want to be misunderstood- [Cries the debt shall not in any cass exeeed $4,000,000. The assets of the of" Go on!"] islands are given in the statement of the financial officer s2o\7ing The SPEAKER pro tempore. Objection has to be made or not that they are nearly twice that. made. • Mr. HENRY of Mississippi. Do we assume the indebtedness? Mr. SIMS. I will make it, then. I object. Mr. HITT. With their assets we take their liabilities. The Mr. DINSMORE. Mr. Speaker, it must be assumed-it can not assets are $7,938,000, and the liabiliti~s about $3,900,000. be denied-that members who renresent constituencies in this Mr. BARTL~TT. I want to ask the gentleman a question for House of any party must and do desire that the best shall happen information on a point upon which I have no information. If the to our common country. We may differ and do differ in our po gentleman does not desire to answer it, I shall not ask the question. litical opinions on many questions, and yet we may all be honest. Mr. HITT. I will endeavor to answer the gentleman: It is often the case that members put aside their own convictions Mr. BARTLETT. Is there anything in the shape of paper in obedience to party demand, and I have grave fears-indeed, money or bills which this Government becomes responsible tore am sure-that this incident will be a notable example. deem; and if so, how much? The question presented for consideration of the Hquse to-day is Mr. HITT. There are liabilitie~ ; but they are all easily ascer one upon which I have thought much in the past, during differ tainable by the official reports before us. There are three series ent administrations of power in this country. It is a question of bonds, in all $3,330;200. There are deposits in postal savings upon which I have undergone a change in my own views, for at bank of $882,345.29,making$4,212,545.29,lessbondproc~edscash in one time I thought, without having investigated or studied the the treasury of $221,565.90 and postal bank deposits of$111,371.04~ in question in all its bearings, that the United States should take to all $332,936.94, leaving total net debt $3,879,608.35. I think there itself the Islands of Hawaii. But, sir, I am t.o-day and have long are no other bills or paper money. It does not appear in there been opposed to adding these islands to our territory. port. I am opposed to it, in the first place, at this time, because I do Mr. BARTLETT. !understand that there are several hundred not believe that we have any constitutional authority by the thousand-probably $280,000. method proposed to us now to take them. Secondly, I think that Mr. HITT. It is a pretty sound Government financially; the if we eould do it lawfully, it is not desirable that we should do so public credit there is good. - for many reasons. Subjecting myself to the criticism which was I have consumed so much time I should ask the pardon of the placed upon those pointed out by the honorable chairman of the House. 'The consideration of this measure has been long deferred. committee who has just taken his seat, who take issue with the There has been so much discussion throughout the country, such different distinguished gentlemen skilled in military and naval manifest impatience for its c'onsideration here, that at last there atiairs, I must be allowed, as only one humble citizen and a Rep is a pretty clear perception by almost everyone that the annexa resentative in this House, to say tE.at I do not accept the theory tion resolution before us is in response and obedience to the de pre sen ted by those gentlemen that '' the possession of the Hawaiian mands of the whole country. I think the constituency of nine Islands by the United States is indispensable to us." tenths of the gentlemen here, 'if they could utter their will by That is the way it was stated in its strongest terms by the chair votes, would command us to promptly pass this resolution. Our man of the committee. I do not believe that the ownership and votes in passing it will voice the earnest purpose of the American possession of the Hawaiian Islands is .essential. to. the United people; the conservative sentiment of the country is expressed by States, either as a permanent defense aga.1nst war m time of peace it, as a measure for the welfare, for the security and prosperity or as a present war emergency. I frankly concede that th~r pos of the whole nation. Let us pass it and carry out the will of the session affords advantage-one advantage as against possession in 1898. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. 5777· the hands of a formidable hostile power-but that advantage is press teems with it. "We are going on!" "We are not going to greatly exaggerated, and the evils that would result, in my judg stop at Hawaii!" "We will take the Philippines and Puerto Rico ment, outweigh this advantage. I do not believe that we have the and the Canaries, and establish ourselves upon every Spanish pos- power to take them to oursefves except as a State, and I do not session on the seas! " · believe that the people of these islands are suitable for citizenship These are expressions we hear every day. Newspapers assum· of the United States. I am opposed to it because the people of ing to speak for the President tell us from twice to thrice a -week Hawaii have not been consulted in the matter. that he IS anxious to get complete possession of Puerto Rico and the I am opposed to it, and here again I place myself in opposition Philippines before Spain capitulates-that no overtures for peace to the military experts, and I grant now that these gentlemen are will be entertained until these islands are reduced to our posses much more capable of forming correct opinions with reference to sion. Think of it! And this war was inaugurated for humanity's militarv matters than I am, but it is a poor man who, until he is sake, with a distinct disavowal of motives of conquest! Who convinced of his error, will yield because of any man's superior speaks of the suffering reconcentrados now, though suffering ten advantages or_ position. I do not believe that it is correct, as fold more than when the war began? The public mind is diseased stated by these gentlemen, that it will require less military with the fever of war, judgment is fled to brutish beasts, and men strength upon our part on the seas, but I believe it will require have lost their reason. American blood is to be spilled, American more, and I shall attempt to give the reason for that opinion. treasure wasted, for acquisition of territory which, if permanently Mr; Speaker, whatever may be the advantage to our country acquired, threatens the sacrifice of peace, the happiness of our from a military standpoint in acquiring the Hawaiian Islands, I people, the very life of our Republic. am opposed to annexation, because it is but the first step that It is against this policy that I protest, because I believe it is ' these gentlemen ask us to take upon a policy which is strictly in inimical to the interests of this great country, that it portends conflict with every tradition of our Government and the prospect disaster· to us as a nation. of its honorable success and prosperity. I noticed when I alluded Here is the language of Mr. Edmunds: to the Constitution there were smiles on some of the countenances If the United States were to hold those islands for a coaling station or as of gentlemen in the House. I know it has become quite old a colony the European nations might lodge a protest similar to this: - fashioned to talk about the Constitution. I know that in these "As America has always tried to follow the Monroe doctrine and suc degenerate days it is not considered up to date to talk about being ceeded in her attempt, it would be like putting this doctrine into the other balance of the scale. She has always asked us to leave the Western Hemi governed and restrained by the Constitution of the United States. sphere alone, which we have done, supposin~ that she would continue to fol- . But, sir, I for one wish to declare in this honorable presence low the same doctrine; but now America is mterfering with our province in that I hope never to arrive at a time when I shall be induced by the East, and if she intends to hold it she can not expect us·to respect her _ wishes in regard to the western part of the world." any temptation to say that I recognize any higher law for the Should America thoroughly subdue the insurrection in the Philippines, government of this nation and the Congress in its duties toward and keep the country with the sanction of Spain after the termination of the it than the Constitution which I swore before the Speaker to de war, she could dispose of it as she thinks fit, but it woUld not be policy to do this, as it would show favoritism toward the country to whom it was sold fend against all enemies, foreign and domestic. It is not only the and make enemies of those nations who wished for it and did not obtain it,- men who are guilty of treason at home who attempt by cooper~ Should the Umted States wish to dispose of the islands after peace has tion with a foreign enemy to break down and destroy the Consti been proclaimed, she could not do better than offer them back .to Spain, either as a purchase or as a present, after 'the war indeninity had been paid. tution or that are distinguished as domestic enemies; they are To this proceeding the European nations could lodge no reasonable objection, enemies of the Constitution who, for any cause, in any way, at and it. would show them that America did not wish to tread upon a foe tempt at home to nullify and render inoperative the provisions of after-she had defeated her, and that the war was really carried on for t~e that Constitution and-trample them under foot. sake of humanity. - For a cantury and more this Government has grown from its What shall we do with these islands? Are we to establish at sma11 beginning until it has become the greatest of states. I once a colonial policy? I shall read briefly from the opinion of would have it continue so, Mr. Speaker, not by enlarging its ter- the United States Supreme Court as to our constitutional powers· _ritory, but by strengthening it in its internal affairs; by strength with respect to colonial possessions. If we acquire the Philippines,_ ening our institutions at home; b;y building up patriotism in the shall we sell them? If so, as ex-Senator Edmunds says, we proba· hearts of the people; by conserving the public interest; ~y pro bly make enemies of the countries who would object to the pos moting all industrial methods, and above all bjJ strengthenmg ?Ul' session of the Philippines by the purchasing power. _ unity, restricting extension from our compact form, thus keepmg But over and above this consideration, Mr. Speaker, there is a every part of the country in touch and sympathy with every greater and a higher reason which commends itself to me as an other. While we have refrained from interference with foreign A1~1e~icau and a beli~ver in rev.ublican i!lstitutions, ~n~ i~ a basic nations, we have prospered under the direction of those ~bole prmCiple of our national pohty-the right -of an md1v1dual to some admonitions, the sage advice of the wise and ·patriotic who have a controlling power in fixing and determining his own des built the ship of state._ We have avoided entangling alliances tiny. If you sell the Philippines, you not only sell the territory, with foreign nations, while we have maintained peace, commerce, but you undertake to sell the people. - and honest friendship, in the language of Mr. Jefferson, with all. What right have we to sell the inhabitants of the Philippine I regret to see any part of our people desiring to depart from the Islands, 13,000,000 of people, into the dominion and sovereignty ancient·traditional policy of our Government. We adopted the of any power on earth without their consent? I protest against Monroe doctrine. That doctrine declared not only that we would such a proceeding. I shall not_give my consent to any measure resent and oppose if necessary any interfe~en?e on the Am~ri~n that does not recognize the right of the American people to de continent by foreign powers or the upbuild~ of monar_ch1~!1l termine for themse~ves their destiny and that does not at the same institutions here, but there was on our part an undertakmg m time consult the wishes of people where their destiny is involved. good faith to refrai~ from in~rfe~ence with th~ affairs of foreign Mr. Speaker, upon this question of a colonial policy let me add countries. And while on this pomt I would like to read from a a word further. It is denied bv some that the annexation of statement of a gentleman for whom the whole count_ry has respect Hawaii is in-conflict with our policv in the past. They say that on account of the greatness of his intellect and the ripeness of his we have -annexed territory before. WBut what "I want-to call at; wisdom-'-! mean ex-Senator Edmunds, of Vermont: tention to is the fact that no territory bas ever been acquired into In what I am ·acout to read he is speaking with reference to our_ the possession-of the United States by the method proposed in this proposed ~etention of the Philippine Islands. I ad~it that the resolution. - considerations are not exactly the same as those whlCh apply to It is contended by some that this proposed resolution is author Hawaii - I do not mean to say that there would be an absolute ized by precedents in our past history. 'The learned Senators who violation of the Monroe doctl·ine if we should acquire Hawaii, made their report-on this subject have embodied this idea in that because the Hawaiian Islands are nearest to the America~ Conti document, indeed have distinctly declared it,.and so have the ma nent-are an outpost, as it were, of ours. I go further and say jority in their report to this-branch of the Congress; but I shall candidly that I appreciate, I think, such advantages as would undertake to show to the House in such poor way a-s may oe accrue to the United States from the possession of the Hawaiian within my ability that it is not so; that the cases cited are no pre -Islands. - cedents. I say with respect for gen:tlemen who may differ from me, that Under the Constitution, Congress has the right to admit new the single advantage upon which our possession of those islands States into the Union. Let me read from the decision of the Su can be maintained with any show of logic or consistency is that if preme Court in 19 Howard; the celebrated Dred Scott decision, the Hawauan Islands were in the bands of a strong foreign hos which treats directly of this subject. In delivering the opinion tile power that power would be in better position to att-ack us than -of the court t.he learned Chief Justice Taney said, amongst other if we were in possession of them. But I shall go further into things: - - that auestion a little later on. There is certainly no power given by the Constitution to the Federal Gov Lef me remark before reading this extract that if we acquire ernment to establish or maintain colonies bordering on the United States or Hawaii it is but the first step in the progress of c..:>lo!11al aggran at a distance, to ba ruled and governed at its own pleasure; nor to enlarge dizement. We all know it. I hear it every day, not only from its territorial limits in any way except by the admission of new States. That power is plainly given; and if a new State is n.dmitted it needs no fur uninformed and impulsive people at the hotels and on the street, ther legislation by Congress, because the Constitution it-self defines the rela but from dignified, S Government. But ~o power is given to acquire territory to beheldandgov- ~ their precedent. Simply by a joint resolution of Congress to erned permanently m that c~aracter. . . • make t~e · Hawaiian Islands a possession of the United States, not And he also said, They must be inhabited by nobody, not under the sovereignty oms of water throughout its whole area, enough at all points and of any other power, and be taken only for a specific purpose. Is more for vessels of the deepest draft; and not only so, but in au this a precedent? These gentlemen say so. I will not discuss it island 25 miles long, and right upon the shore is fresh water in further. It i,s too palpable. There are no other precedents offered abundance. but the ones I have referred to; and these but prove the despera Mr. HARTMAN. There is a fresh-water lake on the island. tion of the annexation party. Mr. DINSMORE. There js a fresh-water lake near its margin. ~o. much for precedents. The distinguished chairman of the There is a harbor that will float the navies of the world, 800 miles committee this morning said that the possession of the Hawaiian nearer to Manila from our own coast than by way of the Hono Islands was necessary for the defense of the United States and our lulu route. Then what need for a coaling station at Honolulu? commerce, and necessary in the present emergency in the war 1\Ir. Speaker, there is absolutely nothing in the annexationist coal with Spain, because, said he, our ships can not traverse the broad theory, but if it is necessary, we have the exclusive privilege expanse of the Pacific and carry their own coal; and they must already by treaty '\yith H:rnaii. That treaty provides that no have some coaling station by tha way. There is no place, said he, other nation but the United States shall have the privilege even but Hawaii. of entering Pearl Harbor, and we are given the right to do all I mention the remarks of my distinguished friend from Min things necessary to make it an efficient coaling and repair station, nesota who spoke of having our guns on the Hawaiian Islands, to to the exclusjon of every other power, e-ven Hawaii herself, and protect our trade, when the Nicaraguan Canal shall be built, an that carries with it the right to strengthen and fortify it, to make event we all hope for. He said that we must have Hawaii to pro of it a naval station with the armament to defend it. What tect our trade through that canal with our guns in Pearl Harbor. more do we want than this? ~ It was at the time ridiculed by my versatile friend from Missis The gentleman fromlllinois rMr. HlTT] says this treaty, according sippi [Mr. WILLIAMS] who remarked, "What guns they would toitsterms,maybeterminatea byeitherpartyto the treaty. So it have to be." may. But who will abrogate the treaty? Will the Hawaiians? Now, Mr. Speaker, I want it distinctly understood that I take Never, if we avail ourselves of the rights granted, because the issue with that proposition. I want to tell you, and if gentlemen Hawaiians know- they have more to expect from us than from any do not know it they ought to know it, there is a better way now other nation. But, says the gentleman, some other power or peo to Manila~ in the Phillippines, than by Hawaii. There is a nearer ple may get control of the Government in Hawaii, and they would way than by Hawaii-over SOO miles nearer, with ~ood . ha-~b~rage, terminate the treaty. An event the anticipation of which there is a good coJling station, and coal already there provided, Within the nothing to justify. The mere assertion of ourpurposenottoallow jurisdiction and control of the United States. Gentlemen seem any other power to control Hawaii has been-sufficient to prevent startled by this statement. it for fifty years, and the world respects our wishes more to-da.y Let me tell gentlemen, Mr. Speaker, that from San Francisco, than ever before. They have regarded them because hitherto we by way of Kiska, in the Aleuti.~ Islands, and by way of Una have in good faith refrained from interference with foreign ter· laska, where there is already a coaling station·, to Yokohama and ritory, while insisting upon. the enforcement of the Monroe doc Hongkong and to Manila is over 800 miles nearer, according to trine with reference to European control in our hemisphere. 1f the official maps made by the accredited scientific authorities of we depart from our honorable course we need not wonder if the United States, than by way of Honolulu. You gentlemen Europe ignores our contention. have got down in the document room, coming from the Navy De Mr. HARTMAN. Will the gentleman allow me, before he pru:tment, the Hydrographic Bureau, a map which will verify leaves the subject? With reference to Kiska, the reports of the every statement I make, and the official figu.res are there given, Weather Bureau show that the temperature is never down to made by Lieutenant-Commanae~ Clover. The document is called zero. "Highways of Commerce," and each volume contains the map or Mr. DINSMORE. I a1ll comin~ to that. I know that many chart. Here it is, and if anybody wants to examine it he can take people have believed that navigation in that region is obstructed it and look at it. by ice. So I sent to the Weather Bmean, and I have a letter from Now, listen to me, and I will give you the distances. I will ask the Chief of the Bureau on the subject, and I want to tell you gentlemen to listen attentively to this, because, in view of the po that it does not get as cold at Kiska as it gets here. They are sition taken by my distinguished friend, the chairman of the Com never troubled with ice, for they never have any. Yon must be mittee on Foreign Affairs, and the annexationists here, it is very informed that they never knew the mercury to get lower than 7 pertinent. You look at the map they had here. It was made on degrees above zero. the Mercator's projection, which is misleading in its appearance, UNITED STATES DEPARTME...~ OF AGRICULTURE, because it makes no allowance for the earth's curvature. You WEATHER BUREAU, Washington, D. C., June 9,1898. measure the distances with a tape on that map and it will seem DEAR Srn: I begto acknowledge the receipt of your letter of even date in that my statements are erroneous. reooard to~ the clim.3.te of certain of the Aleutian Islands. But follow the curvature of the earth, which is adh~red to in I have pleasure in transmitting herewith a copy of the daily extremes of temperature at Kiska Island for November and December,1885, Januarv the Hydrographic Office, and you will find that from San Fran and February, 1886, the only time during which observations were'made it cisco to Kiska it is 2,608 miles; from Kiska to Yokohama, 1,964 this place. I also inclose a tabular statement of the lowest temperatures miles; Yokohama to Manila, 1,752 miles, making 6,344 miles from ever recorded at Unalaska during a period of seven years. At the latter point the lowest tem:perature ever recorded was 9° above zero. Westward San Francisco to Manila. By way of Honolulu it is from San the weather is not qmte so cold. Francisco to Honolulu 2,083 miles; from Honolulu to Manila, We have little data as regards ~he freedom of the harbor from ice. At 5,067 miles, making 7,150 miles, a difference in favor of the Ameri Unalaska moving ice obstructed the harbor during a short :period in the win ter of 1872. We should say that interruptions to navigation due to ice at can route of 803 miles. Kiska, to the westward, are not serious. Mr. RICHARDSON. By our own route? The mean winter temperature at Atka Island, longitude 185° 45' W. from Mr. DINSMORE. By our own route. Greenwich, is 33°. The sea temperature is, of course, a few degrees higher. Mr. FLEMING. And a much greater difference if you start Very .respectfnlly, WILLIS L. MOORE, from Portland. Chief of Bureau. Mr. DINSMORE. Why, certainly. This is the official map. Mr. HUGH A. DINSMORE, Examine that map, and you will find from San Francisco via United States Hou$e of Representatives, Washington, D. C. Kiska'to Yokohama it is 4,592 miles, and from San Francisco to CLDIATE OF .A.L.A.SK.A.. Yokohama by Honolulu 5,480 miles, a difference of 88~ miles in [By A. J. Henry, Chief of Division of Records and Meteorological Data.] favor of the American route. _ The statistics of temperature of centra.! and interior Alaska given below Mr. RICH..t\RDSON. Any difference in navigation? are of especial interest at the present time. The climate of the coast is com Mr. DINSMORE. There is no difference in the navigation of paratively well known chiefly through the compilation of Dr. William H. Dall, published in the Pacific Coast Pilot, Alaska, Appendix I, Meteorology material importance. and Bibliography, Washington, 1879. I would like to have the attention of gentlemen upon this point. The chain of coast stations in Alaska. maintained by the Signal Service I will go to the map presently and point out thesedifferentroutes. (now Weather Bureau) was extended up the Yukon in the fall of 1882, and a few fra~entary series of meteorological observations were maintained at Now, then, I come to Nicaragua; and if the gentleman from the trading posts of the Alaska Commercial Company during the closed sea Minnesota [Mr. TA.w~~Y] is in the House, I would ask his atten son. As soon as the ice went out of the river obser vations were discontin tion particularly to Nicaragua, for he insisted that possession of ued, not to be resumed until the enci of the open season, about the middle of September. The observing stations, with their geographical coordinates, Hawaii was necessary for the defense of the Nicaragua Canal. are given below. The names of the stations are those now in use, with the You look at the map made on the Mercator's projection; which following exceptions: Nnkluka.yet is given on t he most recent Coast Survey would verify, seemingly, their position. From Nicaragua to Hon map of Alaska as "Tuklukyet." olulu it is 4,210 miles, and from Nicaragua to San Francisco is The post :is but a few miles below the junction of the Yukon and Tanana rivers; indeed, it is not certain but that obser""ations were made at the 2,700 miles, 1,510 miles nearer to San Francisco than Hqnolulu. month of the Tanana for a portion of the time. Tchatowklin was known in You do not need to turn to Honolulu as a basis of protection 1883 as Johnny's Village or Klat-ol-Klin (Schwatka). The Coast Survey map for the Nicaragua Canal when you have it on your own coast, gives the name as •• Belle Isle." Camp Colonna, the station on the Porcupine River at its intersection with the one hundred and forty-first meridian. was from San Francisco, which is nearer. occupied by the boundary survey party sent out by the United States Coast Now, Mr. Speaker, let me tell yon about Kyska. 'JTh.ere is a a.nd Geodetic Survey, under the leadership of llli·. J. H. Turner. Camp harbor there more than a mile and a half long and a mile wide. Davidson is the station at the intersection of the one hundred and forty-first There is deep water with a good anchorage bottom, several fath- meridian and the Yukon. It was occnl)ied by a Coast Survey party under .. the ooarge of Mr. J. E. McGrath• ( 5780 ' CONGRESSIONAl;~ REOORD-HOUSE. JUNE 11, Monthly and an.nuaZ mean temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit). MEAN TEMPERATURE. tS ,.; ,.; ,.; Length of record. ti oa g 4) t: ~ ,.; .8 oa II) 4) ~ B ~ ~ aJ ~ a4) -a · ~ ~ 4) Stations. '& p. ~ -5 d ti $ .g .;. e .... s::. p. () g j ~ R .... s::. ~ ~ ~ 4) r:l .a d liS r:l Po 0 4) 4) A ::s "'ij J3 4) 0 r:l :! ~ ~ f:q ~ ~ ~ 1-:1 1-:1 ~ flJ. 0 z A ~ ------!------.s From- To- ~ - ~ CoCIH. 0 I e I Feet. FortWrangelL ••••• 56 30 13228 25-35 28.2 30.8 31.6 42.7 49.3 55.3 58.2 57.5 52.3 45.9 33.5 32.8 43 May, 1868 Aug.,1882 4: 18 Sitka* •••.••••••••.. 57 00 13119 63 31.4 32.9 3.5.6 40.8 47 52.4 55.4 55.9 51.5 44:.9 38.1 33.3 43.3 Jan., 1828 Dec., 18iG 4.5 2 Sitkat ...... 34.2 33 37.2 41.9 46.9 51.6 54..4 56.6 52.3 45.7 39.8 35 44.5 Apr., 1881 Sept.,1887 5 18 Killisnoot ...... 57 22. 134 29 26.7 26.9 33.3 35.5 44.9 50.3 M.8 53.6 46.5 41.2 32.7 30.6 39.8 May, 1881 Dec., 18lJ5 ll 25 Juneau ...... 5819 134:28 27.5 24.7 33.5 40.1 47.7 53.~ 56.6 55 49.9 41.9 31.2 29.3 40.9 1\Iay, 1883 .... do ..... 2 28 Kadiak ...... 57 48 152 19 .••• ... 30 28.2 32.6 36.3 43.2 49.5 54.7 55.2 50 42.3 34.7 30.5 40.6 Jan., 1869 Aug., 189ii 8 M Unalaska* ...... 53 53 166 32 13 30 31.9 00.4 35.6 40.9 46.3 50.6 51.9 45.5 37.6 33.6 30.1 38.7 Oct., 1827 Apr., 11:!68 6 20 Unalaskat ...... 53 54. 166 24 13 33.5 30.5 32.6 35.2 40.4 45.9 49.6 50.3 46 40.4 34.6 32.8 39.3 June,1872 May, 1 6 2 33 St.Michaels ...... 6328 16148 80 7.4-2.3 8.9 19.9 33.1 46.3 fi3.6 5UI 43.9 30.5 15.6 4.8 28.1 July,1874 June,lSSO ll 12 Point Barrow ...... n ~ 156 16 ••••.•• -17.5 -18.6 -U.S - 1.2 21.4 32.8 38.1 37.9 27.8 4.4 - 6 -15.4 7. 7 Se:pt.,1852 Aug.,1883 3 10 Interior. • Anvik...... 62 37 160 08 ...... 1.8 1.3 15.5 25.4 42 ...... _. _____ ------43 25.1 10 ~ 2.1 ...... Oct., 1882 Mar.,l891 .... 3l Nuklukayet ••••••.. 6510 15245 ...... -11.1-9 6.7 22.2 43.7------54.4 43.4 25.9-4.6-19.9 ••.... Aug.,1882 May,1886 ---- 27 Fort Yukon .•..••••. 63 33 14518 412 -29.5 -ll.6 0.6 41.3 ...... -----~ •...•• ------...... Jan., 1861 May, 1861 .... 4 Tchatowklin ...... 65 30 142 38 ------15.8 -11.3 11.3 31 45.1 ...... 54.2 42.7 19.7 2.5 -15 ...... Oct., 1882 May, 1886 .... 26 Fort Reliance ...... 64 10 139 25 ...... -28.7 -19.7 10.5 28.7 43.9 ...... 43.9 27.3 - 7 -22.4 ...... Sept., 1882 ..... do ____ .... 16 Camp Davidson ...... -17.4 -9.9 7.1 ZJ.6 45 57.2 60.3 52.1 39 30.5 2.9 -15.6 22.9 Sept.,1889 Jnne,l891 1 10 Camp Colonna ...... -15.2 -15.8 - S 6.4 41 51.9 ...... 20.1 -4.4 17.4 ...... Oct., 1889 June, 1890 ---- 9 EX'I'REMES OF TEMPERATURE-liAXIMUll. Anvik ...... ----··- ...... 85 87 46 46 61 ...... 65 66 51 39 25 ...... ----- ...... ------Nuklu.kakft ...... -- ...... ---- ...... ------35 as 46 52 72 ...... 79 72 54 36 17 ...... ------...... ---- Tchatow in ...... ------17 83 56 62 82 ...... 80 78 59 39 39 ...... ·--- Fort Reliance ------...... 20 Zl 4,5 59 76 67 65 36 34 ...... ------...... ----··------· "84' .. "87'" "if" ... Camp Davidson·:::: ------...... 25 87 38 56 74 66 52 39 17 ...... ---- ...... ---- ...... Camp Colonna ...... -...... 17 86 33 51 68 79 85 ...... 3i 8-i 17 ...... ·-·------·--- EXTR.ElrES OF TEMPERATURE-MIYIMUM.• ~~1f~~:~~~ ~;;::\~ :?nr 1\\j\r ~-· -~-- -~·· ~-- · -~··· :~:~~ ~~~~~ r: r: ~~-- -~--·~-·· n;; ·;;;=;:mj= ~~=m:~x ·=1= \\\\ NOTE.-The number of years during which observations were made continuously is given under the heading "Years." The total number of months, exclusive of the whole years, is given under the heading "Months." . *Russian series. t Signal Service. t Means from 1889-1896, inclusive, used; means :prior to that time not computed. Daily maximum and minimum. temperatures at Kiska, Alaska. Mean tempemtureof Attuisland, Alaska; latitude5~ 0 58'; longitude, 117°8!/ W. Degrees. Jan., 1886. _ Feb., 886. Nov., 1885. Dec., 1885. January, 1881 ...... ------·---· ...... ____ 31.2 Day. February, 1881 ...... 32.1 Maxi· Mini- Maxi- Mini- Maxi- Mini- Maxi- Mini- March, 1881 ...... 29.3 mum. mum. mum. mum. mum. mum. mum. mum. --1------Why, it is not so cold in Kiska as it is in Unalaska. and it is not.cold enough in Unalaska to make ice enough to obstruct navi 1 ------~-- 31 81 88 33 to 87 41 32 2 ------·--· 37 30 37 33 38 32 37 31 gation. 3------4. ______: 37 32 36 30 38 28 36 .30 Vessels go at all times in the winter to those places. Ask any 36 31 37 ~ 43 32 39 30 5------35 .32 32 20 « 34 39 29 sailing master, any captain, and they will all tell you there is 6 ...... 36 29 34 22 47 38 38 29 no fear of ice or of obstruction to navigation there. 7 ...... 36 26 34 22 46 40 35 21 Now, to what does that bring us? To the recognition of the 8 ··------35 17 33 15 « 36 35 2-! fact absolutely that from the standpoint of doal the Hawaiian 9------36 23 33 20 46 34 38 Z3 10------37 26 35 28 42 33 39 29 Islands are needless to us. It is nonsense to talk about the neces 11 ...... 37 Z3 41 32 43 34 34 24 sity for coaling purposes, because you have got it 800 miles nearer 12 ...... 36 20 37 28 45 35 35 20 on another route, in our own possession. We can make a naval 13 ------38 00 31 26 46 36 36 Z3 14:------36 25 32 28 4(1 30 35 27 station at Kiska, in a temperate climate, with all the advantages, 15 ------·-· 36 B2 83 27 38 28 33 22 everything required, and butonepointremains. If into the hands 16------36 25 31 23 38 00 36 24 of a hostile strong power Hawaii should fall, it would be a danger 17 ...... 37 24 32 23 36 25 38 30 to the United States. 18 ------40 34 35 28 43 27 42 30 19 ...... 39 32 36 28 4.5 36 41 33 Now, just a few observations upon this point. We were told 20 ...... 41 32 36 28 38 29 37 27 by the chairman of the committee this morning, and correctly, 21 ...... 36 29 38 23 43 33 30 25 22------39 32 36 26 ' 39 28 34 18 that the great ships of war .are not able to steam across the Pa Z3 ...... 39 31 3! 20 42 33 35 31 cific Ocean and carry their coal supply with them. That is true; 24------38 31 38 28 38 28 36 31 but has the gentleman reflected that it was argued, and correctly, 25 ------·--· 40 32 « 28 33 21 34 26 3!) 23 '37 25 36 26 by the gentleman who spoke on a former occasion, the gentleman 26 ------·--- 32 36 27 ...... 37 32 42 20 35 25 36 30 from Minnesota [Mr. TAWNEY], and the 'gentleman himself also 28 37 30 28 ------·-·· 37 32 36 . 27 34 this morning said, I believe, that ships could not come and attack 39 33 ...... 34 27 40 30 29 ----··---·------·----- 39 us at Honolulu if we owned the islands, because their coal supply 00 ----·------39 34 ...... 39 18 32 31 ...... 39 85 ...... ---·-··- ...... S6 31 would be exhausted and they could not get back. Do gentlemen refleotthatwhen in the hands of a foreign power, Minimum temperatur~ of Unalaska, Alaska. if it controlled Hawaii, ships could not come from Honolulu and attack our western coast, because when they got to the United G) ~ ~ ,.; !>. ' s;l !>. ~ ~ ~ ci States they dare not engage us in battle unless they know that l=i .ci ~ p, Po Year. cu 4) m ::s ::; . ::s 4) 0 0 cv 1--:1 r::.. ~ ~ ~ 1-:1 1--:1 ~ rn 0 z A they could overcome us, because if they do, their coal supply is ------exhausted at once, and they can not get away? They will be as 1872 ...... ---- ...... ---- 31 42 ...... ---- helpless and inoffensive as painted ships upon a painted ocean. I 1878 ----·------...... ---- 36 26 21 19 do not admit the correctness of the theory that possession of 1879 ...... 20 7 15 21 ------· ------37 24 24 23 Hawaii will render us able to do with less military and naval estab 1880 ...... ------19 27 2! 25 29 ------.... ---- .... ------1881 ...... - --·· ---- ...... 31 37 43 43 36 28 18 lishment than is necessary without it. A navy will be indispen 1882 ------·------25 H: 20 21 2! 36 40- 36 37 26 23 12 sable for protection o~ a station there, and just as strong a naval 1883 -----· ------...... 19 12 5 18 31 34 40 38 33 30 19 14 force will be necessary for defense of our coast as if we owned the 1884 ...... 16 24 16 15 31 36 fl 41 S6 26 23 18 islands and a naval station there. 1885------24 9 13 20 31 3i 40 40 34 00 23 23 1886 ------·------18 9 1! 26 32 ...... ------.... ---- Mr. Speaker, ships of war can carry colliers; they do carry colliers. We know from the testimony of Admiral Irwin before 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5781 our committee that during the war he coaled from colliers at sea. even if it were, I contend it is contrary to the welfare and interest All of you who remember the Alabama during the war know that of our country. _ while she did not carry colliers or coal from colliers, she sailed What must we expect if we enter upon a colonial policy? Sup around the world. She procured her coal in violation of the neu pose we set our feet upon territory in the Orient. From that trality laws, possibly, and she paid big prices for it; but she got moment we become involved in every European controversy it, and she ran for years until finally, off the coast of France near with reference to aggressions _and the acquirement of territory Cherbourg, Captain Winslow took her in. there. No longer will on,r ancient peace abide with us. That But, as I said, vessels of war can carry colliers, and do carry angel which has extended her beneficent wings over our heads them. Admiral Dewey, when he folmd war was coming on, for so many years and enabled our people to build up their homes made preparations at Hongkong. He knew he would have to g~t and to live happily with their families, to lie down at night rest out of there when war was declared. I had a letter from one of ful and at their ease because no danger threatened, will be gone. his officers, written the day before he sailed, ~nd he said: "We She will desert us; and we shall never have a moment that we are all ready and the Admiral has provided himself with every can confidently rely upon as ·a time of peace. thing. He has colliers and takes them with him. · Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, the colonial secretary of Great Brit Mr. Speaker, everybody knows that when a vessel of war is out ain, the other day said in a public speech: in a heavy sea in mid-ocean it is practically impossible to take The time has arrived when Great Britain may be confronted by a combi on coal from a collier. But it is not so in a time of compara natjon of powers, and our first duty, therefore, is to draw all parts of the Empire fnto close unity, and our next to maintain tho bonds of permanent tive calm. Under the lee of an island or a coast anywhere or in unity with our kinsmen across the Atlantic. [Loud cheers.] a period of comparative calm in the open sea coal can be taken on There is a powerful and generous nation, speaking our l::.!lguage- board. Wbat are colliers for? Sir, we would be compelled to Speaking of us- keep a fleet at Honolulu in order, to protect commerce. We must bred of our race and having interests identical with ours. I would go so far keep ships of war there, because if we do not the navies of the as to say that, terrible as war may be, even war itself would be cheaply pur world can go there and batter down our forts and disable our chased i! ina great and noble cause the Stars and Stripes and the Union Jack guns, as Admiral Sampson has just been doing in Santiago de should wave together over an Anglo-Saxon alliance. (Prolonged cheers.] Cuba. Do yon get the full significance of that statement? There is an But, in addition to that, we must keep ships upon our own coast. appeal to the pride of every American. Who does not feel the If we were at war with Great Britain, she would not have to cross temptation? Who does not feel a warm throbbing of his hP.art at the Pacific; she has naval stations on the westward Ainerican the contemplation of the spectacle presented tO us by a cousin · coast. But from the Asiatic side they can avoid Hawaii, go across the ocean, the spectacle of our flag side by side with the around it, and come to our coast exactly as for weeks and weeks flag of the other great English-speaking nation of the world? But in the Caribbean Sea Admiral Cervera eluded the two fleets that it is not a consummation to be wished, from the standpoint of were looking after and chasing him every day in the great track American citizenship. We honor and respect the British. I like less waste of waters. Vessels must come in sight before they can them. But we seek no alliance. What is it that Mr. Chambel· be engaged in combat. So that after all as a strategic point the lain says is the motive? Hawaiian Islands are not of so much consequence as gentlemen We are like to be confronted by a combination of powers. Our first duty, contend. . therefore, is to draw all parts of the Empire into close unity. Mr. Speaker, before going further let me ask how much time Think of the possibility of the necessity for such a statement have I remaining? with reference to our Government! Think of our being likely to The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. PARKER of New Jersey). be confronted by a combination of powers making it necessary to Ten minutes. draw all parts of our count1-y into close unity. Great Britain is Mr. HITT. Mr. Speaker, the remark just made by the Chair scattered over the whole faee of the globe. She has her colonies implies that in this debate the hour rule prevails. Was there not in every clime. She has never stayed her hand in reaching for an agreement made yesterday that the time allotted to this de the possession of territory, and it is a difficult task to bring all bate should be under the control of the gentleman from Arkan those peoples together into unity. sas [1\fr. DINSMORE] on the side of those opposed to the resolution But, Mr. Speaker, it should be a matter of profound pride and and under the control of myself on the affirmative side? gratification to every American to know that in om· compact form The SPEAKER pro tempore. The present oc.cupant of the on this great continent, whenever the American heart throbs, the chair has understood the time to be under the control of the gen blood goes bounding through the veins to every extremity of the tleman from illinois and the gentleman from Arkansas. great national body, a~ quickly and as responsively as the electric Mr. PAYNE. I do not think that was agreed to last evening. tluid flies from the touch of the _operator's hand to the farther The SPEAKER pro tempore. Then, as the Chair understands, most end of the wire. And why so? Because we have not scat consent is now asked that the time to be occupied in this debate tered possessions. be under the control of the gentleman from illinois and the gen We are not a colonial nation; we have concentrated rather than tleman from Arkansas. Is there objection? The Chair hears diffused our ·power; we have a compact republican government none. here, made strong bytheunion of States touching arm to arm; we The Chair, in replying to the question of the gentleman from have followed the policy laid down to us by our fathers and have Arkansas, simply stated for the convenience of that gentleman at avoided entangling alliances, and have respected and obeyed the what time the hour would expire. · Monroe doctrine, to such an extent that up to this good day, at Mr. DINSMORE. I want to stop within the hour, out of con least, not a nation in all the world has dared to plant her colors sideration for other gentlemen who want to be heard. upon Hawaii and keep them there and call it her own. Now, there is the map, if any gentleman wants to examine this Great Britain did it once. France If Rn!Zland were sim.ilarly supreme, if all rival powers were eclipsed by her Mr. HITT. I also ask unanimous consent that gentlemen may or laid under her feet, the imperial tendencies, which are as strongly marked in us as our love of liberty, mi~ht lead us over the same course to the same end. be allowed to print remarks on this subject for ten days. If there be one lesson which hiStory clearly teaches, it is this, that free nations The SPEAKER pro tempore. Unanimous consent is asked that can.not govern s:nbject provinc~. If they ar~ un:a.ble or unwilpng,to a.dmit gentlemen have leave to print remarks on this subject in the their de:pendenmes to share thell' own constitution, the constitut1on 1tself RECORD within ten days from the close of the debate. Is there will fall m pieces from mere incompetence for its duties. objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. Mr. JOHNSON of Indiana. What is the gentleman reading from? WAR REVENUE BILL. l'rir. DINSMORE. From the first chapter of Fronde's C~sar, Mr. DINGLEY. Mr. Speaker, in enrolling the war revenue bill from an Englishman comparing England, the colonial country, to it has been found necessary to give directions to the enrolling Rome, and predicting the fall that must come, and that Mr. Cham clerk, and I•ask consideration of the concurrent Tesolution which berlain the other day stated was imminent, be.cause he says she is I send to the Chan·. like to be confronted by a combination' of powers rendering it neces- The SPEAKER pro tempoTe. Unanimous consent is asked to . sary for her to concentrate into unity the national forces of the interrupt the debate. for the passage of the resolution which the government; a. condition which is impossible to us; and God Clerk will read. grant we may be wise enough to pursue such a policy that it will The Clerk read as follows: ever be impossible that we shall be divided, and it shall be neces Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring).: Tha.t the sary to concentrate our national unity. enrolling clerk of the Honse be, and he is hereby, authorized ana directed Mr. Speaker, eminent men have been quoted in this debate. to enroll the act (H. R. 10100) entitled "An act to '{>rovide ways and means to meet war expenditures, and for other purposes," m accordance with the text Mr. Marcy was the first who ever hinted at the acquisition of of said act as submitted to both Houses in connection with the report of the Hawaii itself. I admit here that it has been thought for a long managers of the two Houses on the disagreeing votes. time that it might be necessary. I do not say that the time may not Mr. BAILEY. I desire to know the necessity for this. come when it will be legitimate; but it is not now, in ita present Mr. DINGLEY. It has been found that there was an omission condition, and by the unlawful methods which are invoked in of one or two sections of the· last part of the bill in the report the resolution brought here by the Committee on Foreign Affairs. down at the Printing Office; but the bill itself as submitted as the Sir, for one I hope that we shall continue to pursue the policy result of the conference was correct, and we simply desire to of the past, and I can do no better in conclusion than to quote authorize the enrolling clerk to follow the bill which was sub from the language of the late Secretary of State, Mr. Sherman. mitted a-s a result of the conference, that being correct. A recent letter from him as Secretary of State has been printed, :Mr. BAILEY. And this omission relates to mixed flour? in which he re-commends the acquisition of Hawaii to the terri Mr. DINGLEY. Yes, sir. tory of the United States. But, sir, let it not be forgotten-it is Mr. BAILEY. I desire to ask the gentleman· from Maine if a matter of common note and everybody knows it, for the news this is the mistake of the enrolling clerk or the mistake- papers have discussed it from one end of the land to the other Mr. DINGLEY. It is a mistake of some one in the omission of that during this present Administration that distinguished man, one page of copy in making up the report, but the bill itself is cor· who stood so high in his party for so many years. was not the rect-that which was submitted to the House. actual acting Secretary of State, but that his duties, because of Mr. BAILEY. Of course it was the conference report and not ill health and the physical weakness of advanced age, were per the bill which was submitted to the House. formed by the present Secretary of State, Mr. Day. Everybody Mr. DINGLEY. We had it before us, as the gentleman will knew it. remember, as the result of our action. The printed bill itself is What did Mr. Sherman say just a. few years ago, when he was correct. · rounding out his life and leaving behind him a monument to Mr. BAILEY. If any objection on my part would defeat that speak in the future of his acts done in the past? I speak now of flour provision of the bill, I would certainly object; but I realize his recently published book. And however much there may be that it would only delay the matter, and I do not offer any ob in the public life of that man in the past of which I disapprove, jection. however much I may reprobate and condemn his public policies, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the consid we are forced to respect the concluding statement in the book eration of the concun·ent resolution? [After a pause.] The Chair which records. his life work. The man stood looking back upon hears none. his past, reverently thinking of his future. His course was fin The question was taken; and the concurrent resolution was ished. He was leaving to the world his own estimate of his pub adopted. lic service and the men associated with him. If there be a period Mr. HITT. I yield to the gentleman !rom Massachusetts [Mr. in a man's life when he is sincere and speaks from a patriotic GILLETTl twenty minutes. heart, it is then. And these words come sounding like words of Mr. GlLLETrr of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, when a few the sages of the past, who devoted their lives to public duty, for years ago the annexation of Hawaii beca-r;ne a. live issue I was in getful of self, with patriotism pure next to religion. Mr. Sher stinctively opposed to it. I felt then, as I feel now, the great man says: force of the arguments against it. I appreciate that to our isol& The events of the future are beyond the vision of mankind, but I hope that tion and compactness we owe much of our security and strength; our people will be content with internr~l growth and avoid the complications that to extend our possessions outside of this continent is to ex of foreign acquisitions. Our family of St..'\tes is already large enough to create embarrassment in the Senate, and a. republic should not hold dependent prov tend our vnlneTability; that we still have undeveloped resources inces or possessions. Every new acquisition will create embarrassments. here sufficient to occupy our energy for another century; that the Canada. and Mexico as independent republics will be more valuable to the great menace to our future prosperity is lowering the charact er of United Stn.tes than if carved into additional States. The Union already embraces discordant elements enough without adding others. If my life is our citizenship, and that to enter upon a career of imperial expan· prolonged, I will do all I c:m to add to the strength and prosperity of the sion is to break our cherished traditions, to expose om·selves to United States, but nothing to extend its limits or to add new dangers by foreign complications and war, and to win a broader empire at acquisition of foreign territory. the risk of heavy taxes, corrupt administration, and a deteriorat. What grand sentiments are these, Mr. Speaker! These are the ing suffrage. words of our present Presid.ent's lately retired Secretary of State, The one answer to all this was the imperio~ argument of mili written as the final lines in passing from the stage of life. tary necessity. But to me that hardly seemed sufficient. War Mr. Speaker, I hope that-we shalf be able to act in this mat seemed improbable, the rational era of peace seemed near, and ter as cool, deliberate, and patriotic statesmen. I hope that we especially unlikely seemed a war with any oriental power which mav not yield to the feverish feelings of war which have taken could make Hawaii essential. Yet, while the question was still possession of men's minds and hearts. Within the last two months unsettled and we were academically discussing it, suddenly the we have seen men by the dozen, by the score, in this very body whole problem is lighted up by the flame of actual war. We sud change their opinion on this question. · denly find ourselves, by a. most dramatic and unforeseen change, The war fever has got :into their blood, and they are about to the probable possessor of a vast Eastern territory and our fleet do a foolish thing. It will be t he greatest blunder in our national there in urgent need of help. We suddenly find the neutrality or history. It is mere vanity: a desire to place ourselves alongside other hostility of Hawaii inconsistent with our most pressing needs, and nations who depend upon acquiring and holding territory abroad. the annexation, which we considered of doubtful expediency when We may take Manila; we may acquire Puerto Rico; we may take war seemed almost impossible, suddenly becomes almost a m~ ces· the Canaries and set up our flag, our dominion, and our sover sary step in the prosecution of actual war. eignty. If we do, Mr. Speaker, we may expect to see the disinte The ti·ansformation is indeed sta1·tling. We were looking on gration of this giant Republic of ours, which nothing else, in my with some jealousy while European nations were_ partitioning judgment, ·can accomplish. If you will taka them, do it; but God among themselves the Chinese Empire and making for them help us! [Loud applause on the Democratic side.] selves new provinces and markets and establishin~ permanent I ask unanimous consent to revise and extend my remarks in trade footings in that vast and populous East, which 1s just enter· the RECORD, and also to print cel'tain documents which I referred ing into the commercial current of the world; and we were won· to, but did not take time to read, but which I wish to make a part dering if we ought not to have our share in this dismemberment, of my remarks, and how we could accomplish it, when in the twinkling of an eye, 1898. CONGRESSIONAL_ RECORD-HOUSE. 5783 without any plan or thought of our own, we find ourselves pr I am aware that what I am urging is not likely to be popular are a peaceful people, preferring the rule of reason to the rule of with that Executive Department on which we are most relying in brute strength, yet we may be moved to interference by the suffer this present crisis-I mean the Department of the Navy. Officers ings of others and that even then, in the heat of conflict, we do not and men alike are interested in prize money and would naturally forget our duty as the nation of progress and civilization. decry any legislation which diminished it. But why should sail- War gives phenomenal opportunity for distinction, both to ors need to have any pecuniary inducement to assail the enemy nations and to men. The glamour of martial renown is so bril more than soldiers? On hmd there is no longer prize money, or liant and dazzling that it tends to obscure the victories of peace. booty, or ransom. That on the sea it is conducive to better serv- But no matter how glittering in this war the gallantry of our ice or more efficient discipline,! should doubt. Certainly it is Army and Navy may be, no matter how we may enhance our open to the charge of favoritism and unfau·ness. Compensation prestige and broaden our future history by Qur military achieve ought not to depend on mere chance, and I should think the win- ments, I believe it is possible for us also to do something note nings of the fortunate might make others dissatisfied. wo1·thy and enduring by legislation. And if we should adopt this Moreover, if compensation beyond their pay is granted the sail- principle of the exemption of private property from capture on ors, justice would seem to demand that it be granted for perilous the sea, and thus inscribe a new paragraph in the ever-progress and daring service-to those who have engaged in deadly battle, ing code of international law, I believe future historians, in de who have fought the enemy's ships of war or fortifications. But scribing the triumphs of this war, would not exhaUBt all their prize money goes principally to the captors of merchantmen, gen- admiration on the Army and Navy, but would record that the erally unarmed and defenseless. It is won without risk by the Congress also, which at some cost had championed and estab light, swift boats, while the heavy men-of-war who must bear the lished this American doctrine, had accomplished something for brunt of the fighting and are our main reliance have little chance th~ gloo·y of the United Stat.es and for the advancement of the of winning prizes. I saw by the papers recently that the little world, had ma.rked an epoch in the practice of war and in the Mangrove, with a crew of less than forty men, captured a prize progress of civilization whose beneficent influence might even worth over $800,000, giving the men $20,000 apiece. outlive the fame of military success. That hardly seems fair when the men in our battle ships, to Mr. HITT. I yield ten minutes to the gentleman from New whom we look mainly for our defense and who undertake the York [Mr. ALEXANDER]. real hazards of the war, get nothing. The whole system is anti~ .. Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, the annexation of the Ha quated and obsolete and unfau· as well as barbarous, and it should waiian Islands, for theiirst time in our history, is presented to be ended. And, in ending it, we are the nation which should us as a war necessity. Their strategic features have long been take the lead. We must do so to be consistent with our past understood. Ever since steam supplanted wind these islands have diplomatic history, as I have shown. We must do so to be con- been recognized as the only bridge over which the vast Pacific sistent with what is our constant endeavor as well as our boast- could be safely passed by a fleet of modern war vessels. The ces to lead the world in progress and civilization. We believe that sian of Pearl Harbor was advocated because it was the key to the we have contributed more than any other nation to the discov- full defense of our western shore and because that key should eries and advances which have made this century such a marvel- rest only in the grasp of the United States. . ous epoch in the world's history. Naval officers have written, and their readers have believed, In one sphere we have lagged behind-in armament for war. that under present conditions it is not practicable for any trans The reason for this was creditable; we have thought that war Pacific nation to invade our western coast without occupying should be avoided; that it was an indication of discarded savagery, Hawaii as a base, and for years it has been admitted that it would and that we should act so reasonably and justly as not to give be vastly easier to defend these islands by preoccupying and forti occasion for it. Yet, when suddenly plunged into a civil war, fying them. It has been demonstrated by the highest naval ex we astounded the world by our capacity for development in that perts that a navy sufficient to protect our Pacific coast would also direction, and again astounded it as much by our sudden re- be ample to protect these islands,..for in the event of war Hawaii sumption of our peaceful avocations and the immediate absorp- must be occupied by the United States not only for a base, but to tion of a million soldiers into civil pm·suits. Now, again, we find prevent an enemy fTom using it against us as his base. In a. war ourselves plunged suddenly into war, and though unprepared, we neutrals would not prevent belligerents from taking possession are apparently going to show the world again our surprising of it. capacity for the speedy development of warlike power and prowess. -All this has long been known. There is not a word written or But we ought at the same time to show that in adopting the bar- spoken to-day in favor of the annexation of these islands that has barity of war we do not forget our mission of progress and civili- not often been heard during the past thirty years. Yet not until zation. War is essentially destructive. No one can hope or de- we are in the presence of necessities growing out of actual war sire to make it harmless. Modern inventions have immensely are these facts sufficiently and fully realized and appreciated to increased its deadliness, and the same tendency will doubtless arouse the country to proper action. Necessity is not more the continue. mother of invention than it is the schoolmaster of a great people. All that civilization can hope to accomplish in mitigation is to To-day we need the Hawaiian Islands much more than they ever limit its scope, to remove classes of individuals and property from needed us. Since the splendid achievement of Admiral Dewey its increasing severity, and thus concentrate its damage and ex-. Hawaii has become as absolutely necessary to the successful con empt from its blight as much of the nation as possible. Thus, duct of war as it has heretofore appeared to be necessary in the while growing ever more terrible and more destructive within its theories of astute strategists. And yet the reasons for annexation sphere, that sphere ought ever to be growing narrower and wars are no stronger or truer to-day than they were a year ago. growing shorter; more destructive momentarily to the actual A sTARTLING ADm:ssroN. combatants, but less exhausting to the nation and the world. A few weeks ago I listened with great interest to the able speech This has been the history of the development of war, and it is of the distinguished gentleman from Indiana [Mr. JOHNSO~] in along these lines only that we can aid in future development. opposition to the annexation of Hawaii. It was forceful and If it is wise in peace to prepare for war, as we have recently highly patriotic and will t2.ke its place among the best speeches learned to our cost, so it is wise in war to prepare for peace-to delivered on the negative of this question. But at the very out wage it so that we shall win not only victory, but the future set he made an admission, almost startling, coming from him, that respect of the world; shall achieve not only an honorable peace, "the very few of our countrymen who have given any attention but an amelioration of the condition of war; shall be proud not to the subject are inclined to favor -annexation!" Is the converse only of the valor of our arms, but of the statesmanship in our of this proposition also true? Are we to understand from the • councils. All this we-can in some measure achiev~ by adopting gentleman that those of our countrymen who have given no at or offering to adopt as our policy the principle of these resolu- tention to the subject are inclined to oppose annexation? tiona. I say offering to adopt, but if we make the proposition I I do not charge this as true, although the gentleman from Indi think there can be no doubt that Spain will be glad to accept it, ana seems to admit it, but I do believe that the better informed since it is so obviously for her interest, and then both nations one becomes upon this subject the more inclined he is to accept would be proceeding under modern, civilized rules of war. annexation as the only wise and patriotic escape from the present Of course, if Spain declined to recognize our magnanimity and situation. reciprocate by adopting a similar resolution, it could not be ex JAPAN'S INCREAS~G INFLUENCE. pected that we would allow her to make war on one plan while The question is not only, Shall we annex Hawaii, but are we we acted on another, and we should be obliged to abandon our willing to allow some other nation to annex it? Whatever may plan and, by way of reprisal, descend to her level. But that is be the declarations or political intentions of the Japanese Gov barely conceivable. We may reasonably conclude, I think, that ernment as a Government, it is no longer a secret that the she will follow the course that is most to her interest, and be very people of Hawaii are in danger of passing under the domination glad and eager to exempt private property from capture if we will. of Japan "by a peaceful process," as Captain Mahan says, " of By adopting the principle of these resolutions, then; by adopt overrunning and assimilation." For several months during 1896 ing it now when it is to our disadvantage, we shall prove to the and 1897 the Japanese entered Hawaii at the rate of 2,000 per world that we are ready to sacrifice some material gain for the month, until now they number 25,000, or nearly one-quarter of the astablishment of a noble American policy, and that though we total population. When Hawaii attempts to stay such an invlr ·-; . ·~·, 5786 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 11, sion by a resort to laws similar to our own against contract labor up in the Pacific Ocean~ Australia, la.rger than the United States ers and paupers. J apa.n refuses to. recognize its right so to legis if we except Alaska, with its wonderful resources, developed and late and demands unrestricted immigration. undeveloped, stops the flow of two oceans under the Southern Add to this demand the tremendous leap which Japan has Cross. To the north and east a whole fleet of islands, marshaled taken within the past two years, becoming a recognized great as if for war, are flying the same flag and controlled by the same power of the Pacific, if not of the world, and it if! easy to Uilder W8'..:ld-inspiring, progress-making people. Between that fleet of stand why the conditions and attitude of Japan haye changed: islands and British America is Hawaii, affording the only port be quickly and radically with respect to Hawaii If these changing tween Asia and America where a ton of coal or a barrel of water conditions are permitted to go on, it is only a question of time, can be obtained. and possibly of very short time~ how soan the supremacy of Japan Would England reject this Gibraltar of the Pacific? Not while will be completed. the spirit of commerce guides the statesmen who define her policy THE WORK OF THE ANGLO-SAXON. throughout the world and the keen eye of its admiralty office This fact, if unaccepted or disregarded by the people of the conserves her interests by providing in times of peace greate.r 'United States, is fnlly and startlingly recognized by the Anglo security and advantage for times of war. Saxon residents and their supporters, who have given to Hawaii its THE MO~"'ll.OE DOCTRINE. civilization, its schools, its churches, its commerce, and its great producing capacity, who own more than three-fourths of all The question, therefore, presents itself, Shall America or the property of the country, who have transferred to it the insti England accept the invitation of this Anglo-Saxon blood that is tutions, the laws, and the helpfni civilizing influences of Amer holding Hawaii to-day against the progre~sive, commercial, and ica, filling the land with railroads, cars, engines, waterworks, national spirit which dominates this New World power that is telephones, and all the latest inventions, improvements, and con projected into the domain of international politics? veniences, which aid in making our country so desirable and so For more than fifty years we have maintained that these islands progressive. are more nearly related to us than to any other nation and that no These 8,000 Americans, English, and Germans, who have ac power should. take possession of or control them. In 1842 Mr. complished all this and more, will not suffer themselves to be Webster, then Secretary of State, in replying to the application of swallowed up by the civilization of a remote East whose standards the Hawaiian Government for recognition, wrote as follows: of living are so much lower than ours that satisfactory existence The President is of opinion that the interests of all the commercial nations to them is equivalent to destitution and despair to us. These peo r~quire that that Gov.ernment (Hawaii) s'J?.all not be _interfered with by for eign powers. The Uruted States are more mterested m the fate of the islands ple have not toiled and endured privations for two generations, and of their Government than any other nation can be, and this considera turning Hawaii into a garden spot, rich in everything that makes tion induces the President to be quite willing to declare, a.s the sense of the home and life desirable, only at last to have it fall into the posses Government of the United States, that the Government of the Sandwich Is lands mnst not be interfered with as a conquest or for the purpose of coloni sion of Japan, either by the fiat of Government or by its inunda zation, and that no power ought to seek for any undue control over the exist tion with 01·ientalism. ing GoveTiliilent or a.ny exclusive privileges or preferences in matters of THEIR OFFER AND THEIR APPEAL. commerce. ' These heroic son1s, backed by a large proportion of native- Ha In 1843, after England had seized the islands, Mr. Legare, then waiians, are now facing this problem. They offer to ns· four and Secretary of State under President Polk, wrote the United States one-half millions of acres, an extent of territory larger than Con minister at London as follows: necticut and Rhode Island combined, which are practicaliy owned It is well known that we have no wish to plant or to acquire colonieg as well as governed by a people who are bone of our bone and abroad. Yet there is something so entirely peenlia.r in the relations between. flesh of our flesh. this little Commonwealth, Hawaii, and ourselves that we might even feel jus tified. consistently with our own princiJ>leS, in interfering by force to prevent. Under laws similar to those in the United States they are striv its falling into the hands of one of the f!reat powers or Europe. These rela ing to hold back the flow of t>riental immigration, that these tions SIJr:i:ng out of the local situation, the history and the character and in favored isles of the sea may come to the great !tepublic as free as stitutions of the Hawaiian Islands, a.s well as out of the declarations formally made by this Government dn:r:i:ng the course of the last session of Congress., possible from Asiatic influences; they appeal to us to study and to which I beg leave to call your particular attention. understand the seriousness of their situation and the importance If the attempts now ma.kin g by ourselves as well as other Christian powel'!J to us of their country; they call attention to the fact that Hawaii to open thema.rketsof China to a more general commerce be successful, there can be no doubt but that a great part of that commerce will finditswayover imports more of the products of the United States than any other the isthmns. In that event it will be impossible to overrate the importance country bordering on the Pacific; that it bought more largely of the Hawatia.n group as a stage in the long voyage between Asia and Amer in 1896 than any other nation save Australia; that it was tbe sec ica.. But without anticipating events which'" however, seem inevitable and eyen approaching, the actual demands of an immense navigation make the ond largest wine customer~ the third best purchaser of salmon free use of these roadsteads and ports indispensible to us. It seems donbtful and barley, a.,nd the sixth best purchaser of American flour, that whether even the undisputed possession of the Oregon Territory and the usa twice as many American vessels visit Hawaii in the course of a of the Columbia River, or indeed anything short of the acquisition. of Califor year as enter any other colllltry on the globe; that in all the ports nia (if that were possible), would be sufficient indemnity to us for the loss of of Europe in.1896 the American flag floated at the masthead of these harbors. · only 30 ships, that in the ports of Asia it was seen flying from the In 1849, when the French showed a disposition hostile to the topmasts of but 98 ships, that in all the ports of' the United King Hawaiian Government, Mr. Buchanan, then Secretary of State, dom our flag flying from the mast of a ship could be counted but sent the following dispateh to the United States minister resident 88 times, while in the ports of Hawaii it floated gracefully in the at Honolulu: trade winds from the mainmasts of 191 vessels·. We ardently desire that the Hawa.tian L .,·.,.-· 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE. 5787 Shall it be said that Secretary Clayton was mismformed when 4-nglo-S~ons is well rm.derstood by those who have been in posi· he proclaimed the fact that ''the situation of the Sandwich hon, offiCial and otherWISB', to know the true feeling that obtains Islands in respect to our possessions on the Pacific and the com UIJOn those islands. mercial bonds between them and the United States are such that ITS TERRITORY NOT coyriGUOUS. we could never with indifference allow them to pass under the domination or exclnsive control of any otherpowe1·"? The great Mr. Speaker, I do not reject annexation because Hawaii is no~ Secretary of State under President Fillmore believed " the Ha contiguous. Alaska iB not contiguous; the Aleutian Islands ar«J waiian Islands are ten times nearer to the United StatE-s than to not contiguous; Midway Island, 1,200 miles west of Honolulu any of the powers of Europe. Five-sixths of all their commer which weannexed in 18671 and for the development of which w~ cial intercourse is with the United States, and these considerations appropriated 850,000, is not contiguous: territory. When we an· have fixed the course which the Government of the United States nexed Louisiana, it was farther away from our seat of government will pursue in regard to them." than Hawaii is to-day. Are these statesmanlike views less true to-day than in 1851? True, it was contiguous by land as Alaska is, but no one in 1803 Shall the fears of the gentleman from Indiana "that Hawaii will wen~ to New Orleans by land any more than they now go to be a source of h'ritation for all time to come;" that it may cost us Alaska by an overland route. England is 2,800 miles from New something to fortify and protect it; that because it iB not contig York~ but no one thinks of it being farther away or more difficult uous to our territory and fts inhabitants are not homogeneous to reach than San Francisco. Water plowed by the modern steam shall such and similar fears overturn the sentiments of our great ship is no more of a barrier than land_traversed by a. modern railroad est statesmen and change the policy of our Government that has tram. In the days of Rome's greatness it was easier to reach been adhered to for more than half a -century? Alexandria. or Athens or Carthage than to cross into the conti!ro ous territory of the Gauls. It was by land, too, let us remem~r, HAWAn NEVER BEFORR OFFERED US. tha.t the peoples came who finally conquered Rome. ·The gentleman from Indiana was misinformed when he as CHARACTER OF THE H.A W .A.ll.AN PROPLE. serted several weeks ago that in 1853 these islands were offered to ns for the mere acceptance of them and that the statesmanship of But the principal objection to annexation seems to be to its peo that day was sensible and patriotic enough to re..c::pectfully decline ple. The entire population of these islands is less in number than them. In August, 1853, and again in January, 1854, petitions in the ~umb~r that sometimes passes through the gates of Castle Gar· favor of annexation to the United States were presented to the den m a smgle month; but among them all there is not a beggar King, and, although opposed by the missionaries and many others, a pauper, or a tramp. A prison maybe necessary, but not a poor: the King, disheartened' by the demands of foreign powers, by house. Their producing capacity per capita is larger than in any threats of filibusters and by conspirators at home, commanded other nation of the world.. School attendance is compulsory and Mr. Wyllie, his secretary of state, tQ ascertain on what terms a instead of ignorance being the general rule _and intelligen~ the treaty of annexation could be negotiated. Acting under instruc exception, as the gentleman from Indiana.. chru·ges, outside of the tions from Mr. Marcy, our minister, Mr. Gregg completed such Japanese and Chinese, ignorance is said. to be the. exception and a treaty on August 7, 1854:, but the King's death occurred before in telllgence the general ru1e. _ he had concluded his consideration of it, and his successor refused The gentleman admits as much when he affirms that" a mon to ratify it. This closed all negotiations between the two coun ster petition has been presented by two-thirds of the native in tries until July 20, 1865, when a treaty of reciprocity was con ha~i~ants of that islan<:L" Ignorance does not sign and present cluded. petltwns upon ~y subJect, and when two-thirds of 30,000 people AMERICA. WILL h"EVER CONSE11"'T TO ENGLAND'S CONTROL. can. thus make themselves heard and relt, they are not to be classi fied or compared, as the gentleman from Indiana would have us But what do gentlemen say to the proposition that these islands, believe, with." the ignorance, the pauperism, and the m-ime of the being refused by us, shall pass, upon the invitation of the Old World," such as are excluded from our shores by a. recent act Hawaiian Government, under the control of England? Would of Congress. they have the United States play the part of "the dog in the manger?" Shall we decline annexation ana disallow the great, The Chinese r~shed. into Hawa~ when California was be1ng filled by three tit;n~s as ~any Onentals; but a country which protecting Anglo-Saxon arm of England to take them within her under better conditions WI.ll be abie to support 1,000 000 instead embrace? If, as gentlemen say, we do not wish to increase om· of iOO,OOO population, as now, need not fear 21,000 Chine~. The Navy to defend them or our appropriations to fortify them; if their State of California, with 1,200,000 people, has no fear of its 'l2 000 trade and their strategic posjtion are of less value to us than the Asiatics.. In ten years, from 1880 to 1890, this class of its pop~a money it might cost to uphold them, why longer consider them tion fell off over 3,000. • within the Monroe doctrine? is that If our view of their value has changed since the days of Webster There no reason to believe the Chinese of Hawaii will ~orm an e~ception, for they are- there only to accumulate, anx and Marcy and Legare; if in 1881 Mr. Blaine was wrong in his IOusly looking forward to the day wlien, having a few hundred statement that "the situation of the Hawaiian Islands, giving dollars, the steamer shall return them to their own people and them strategic control of the North Pacific, brings their posses homes. Within ten years after the sources of supply m·e cut off sion within the range of questions of purely American polfcy, as as effectually as in the lJnited States the Orientals of Hawaii will much so as that of the Isthmus itself;" if everything that has been said and done respecting these islands for half a centm.·y is be foun.d infrequently, and then only washing the dirty linen of wrong, then why care who owns them or controls them? a superiOr and more prosperoliS people. But let me say to the gentlemen that this country will never CHARACTER OF PEOPLE FORMERLY Ali'"XEXED BY THE UN'ITED STATES. consent that the great statesmen of the past were wrong. What Mr. Speaker, what has been the character of the people hereto ever be the cost of defending them, whatever be the fears of en fore: annexed? ""VYe :purchased the province of Louisiana in 1803; tangl1 ng foreign alli.ances, whatever be the character of their popu Spam ceded Flonda m 1819; Texas was annexed in 1846· the ~rreat lation, their distance from the Pacific coast, or the undesirability ~erritory of Utah, Arizona, and California vas ceded by M~xico of further annexation of territory, the people of the United States m 1848; the Gadsden nurchase was consummated in 1853 and will never willingly allow England or any other country to Alaska came to us iu 1867; yet not one of these cessions br~uO'ht 'POssess or control Hawaii. ' a homogeneous or desirable people. Louisiana had a few th~u THE PEOPLE FRIE~LY TO A.NNEXATION. sa~d Frenc~en and a few hundred thousand Indians. The popu I can not credit the statement that the people of Hawaii are lation of Florida was composed of Spaniards and Indians. Texas opposed to annexation. They favored it in 1854, but their King added only Mexicans to more Spanish and.Indians. With the ex refused to ratify the treaty. In 1867 Secretary Seward feared ceptio~ of ~ few Americans a~d some Spanish priests, the cession that the reciprocity treaty would be actively opposed on the of Califorma brought u~ nothing but more Mexicans and Indians. ground that it would "hinder and defeat an early annexation, to rr:he Gadsd~n purchase mcreased this number, while Alaska en which the people of the Sandwich Islands are supposed to be now nched u~ With several hundred Russians and 40,000 Al·ctic Indians. strongly inclined." ''Annexation," continued the great War Sec Undesirable as these people were, the country survives and no retary of State, "is in every case to be preferred to reciprocity." one to· day would part with an inch of tenitory so acquh!ed. Secretary Fish and Mr. Blaine, although more guarded, perhaps NO DANGER li'RO:ll LEPROSY. in the:U· language, were of the same opinion. ' But from these acquisitions we got no leprosy, I hear it said. The'' monster petition" opposing annexation to which reference No, but we got the yellow-fever scourge, which, under the wiser has been made iB neither representative nor honest. It iB well trea~ent and con~i~ons o~ these latter days, is gradually disap· understood that it was prepared by the immediate followers of the pearmg. Under similar w1se treatment and segregation now in late Queen; that the methods employed to obtain it we1·e not of a force ~ Ha~aii , no one sees leprosy or thinks of it, or is in danger high character, and that what it purports to show is untrue and from 1t. ~1ke th~ leprosy of Egyp.t, one must-inquire where it is unfounded. That the native Hawaiians, as well as half-breeds and seek It out if he would see It. Such a reason is unworthy are as friendly to annexation as the Germans, Scandinavians, and serious consideration. - 5788 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 11, INFLUENCE OF AMERICAN CIVILIZATION. ignorant, vicious, or degraded, can be made worthy of American Mr. Speaker, excluding the Chinese and Japanese, who, as I citizenship by a simple act of Congress. Not so, however~ Fit have shown, will gradually disappear of their own volition, there ness for that exalted privilege can be obtained only by having the are about 60,000 people-men, women, and children-in Hawaii. right sort of natural qualifications to build on and then by being Of these, 39,000 are native and half-breed Hawaiians-a race educated for centuries in the hard school of experience. which, it is claimed by the opponents of annexation, is dying out. Confidence is said to be a plant of slow growth. So is human The remaining 21,000 are Anglo-Saxon, Germans, Scandinavians, liberty. It is marvelous to remember at what a snail's pace, with and Portuguese, such people as are scattered all over our country, what painful steps, we have advanced from barbarism to self. with whom we are familiar, to whom we do not object, and among government. • whom we live and associate, without a thought that they are not It is precisely a thousand years since Alfred the Great died; yet homogeneous or desirable. he is universally recognized as one of the founders of our sy tern of Among these 60,000 people there are to-day 195 schools in which jurisprudence and one of the authors of our freedom. But back only English is studied, and 14,000 pupils, taught by426 teachers, of him, extending to the dawn of civilization in the woods of receiving an average salary of $626 per year, 46.5 per cent of whom Germany, were thousands of humbler friends of liberty working are Americans and 26.5 are Hawaiians and part Hawaiians. Of with feeble lights, but with stout hearts, whose very names have the pupils 56.5 per cent are Hawaiians and 25 per cent Portu perished from the memory of the living. guese. Magna Charta, Trial by Jury, the Bin of Rights, the Petition of In 1897 the total number of children of school age (6 to 15 years) Right, the Long Parliament. the Commonwealth, the Revolution was 14,286, of whom 96.20 per cent were in school. Of the total of 1688, the Right of the Writ of Habeas Corpus, the American Hawaiian population above 6 years of age, 85.28 per cent can read Revolution, the Declaration of Independence, the old Articles o.f and write. Confederation, the Constitution of the United States-theEe are It is a mistake the gentleman from Indiana makes when he says only the luminous mileposts on the long, tedious, hazardous, and these people "have n_ot been educated as we have; that they have triumphal ·road by which we have traveled to the proud position not our habits of thought." For seventy years they have been which we occupy this hour. living under the influences of American civilization. They speak All the aspirations, all the efforts, all the sacrifices of a,ll the and study our language; the Stars and Stripes are as familiar as English-speaking patriots who have lived and wrought and fought their own flag; their laws are copied from those of the United and bled and died in the sacred cause of liberty since the unlet States; their rulers, whether under the Crown or the Republic, tered barons wrenched the Great Charter from the feeble·hands of have been largely of American birth or ancestry; they know and Craven John at Runnymede have found their perfect consumma see only United States money; the English is the language of their tion in the American Republic. courts and of the educated classes, and among their holidays are That we might be free great Oliver charged the feudal lords of the Fourth of July, Decoration Day, and Washington's and Lin Britain at N ase by, Marston Moor, and Dunbarl beheaded the King coln's birthdays. Outside of the UnitedJStates there is no people in front of his own banqueting house, and made royalty through so American, so closely allied with our institutions, and so well out the ends of the earth tremble at the mere mention of his acquainted with our history and our life. name. In eighty years we have absorbed more than 40,000,000 foreign For us John Hampden died at Chalgrove, John .Milton wa" re ers, and the mixture of these races has developed a people which duced to beggary, and Algernon Sidney went to ignominious stands out in the world's history as the most intelligent, the most death upon the scaffold. inventive, the most prosperous, and the best equipped for war or To Eecure this fair heritage the elder Pitt wore away his mighty peace; a people which the world calls "American," as distinctive energies and Wolfe ascended to immortal glory from the Plains and homogeneous, as loyal and patriotic, as proud and as resentful of Abraham. of insult to their country's honor as is the Englishman or German or For us English lovers of freedom had their ears cut off, their Frenchman. Some may not read and speak the language as read noses slitted, were attainted, whipped at the cart's tail, transported, ily as others; the glorious history of the past, the shaded lines bro~en on the wheel, burned at the stake, hanged upon the gibbet, between State and Federal Government, and the relation of liberty buned at the crossroads with stakes driven through their hodies, and license may not be known with equal clearness to all; but the and had then· rotting heads exhibited on every castle wall through flag is recognized, the law is respected, the school is attended, and out the three Kingdoms. the peace is kept better than in any other country on the globe. To establish r epresentative government our Revolutionary Mr. HITT. I do not see the gentleman from Arkansas on the fathers endured untold hardships through seven long, wea11r, floor, but the arrangement is that he is to yield to the gentleman bloody, terrible years of war, and the doubt and gloom of seven from MissouriJMr. CLARKl. more terrible years of peace. Mr. DINSM RE. I yiefd such time as he may desire to the The heads of the men who in Europe andAmericahave given up gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CLARK]. their lives that we might enjoy the inestimable blessings of free· Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, I this day speak for the dom would form a pyramid of skulls far loftier than that erected integrity, the honor, the perpetuity of the American Republic. by ramerlane upon the plains of Asia. "Hear me for my cause," your cause, our country's cause, the Our institutions have indeed been purchased with a very great cause of representative government-aye, the cause of humanity price; and yet we are about to imperil them by entering upon a itself. vainglorious policy of imperial aggrandizement, gorgeous in ap· GRAVITY OF THE SUBJECT. pearance, but SUrely fatal in its effect, Or all history iS a lie. Since that fateful shot was fired at Sumter, which was heard WHY TERRITORIAL EXPANSIO~! round the world, a greater question has not been debated in the Why do we desire to expand our territory? It is too large American Congress. already. You know, Mr. Speaker, with your long service here No such privileges, opportunities, and immunities as ours haye an.d your keen power~ <2f observation, that ~om the beginning of ever been vouchsafed to any other of the children of men. things-ab nrbe condita-the most perplexmg questions of legis- Into our keeping has been committed the ark of the covenant of lation, of government, and of politics have grown out of our abnor human liberty. To preserve it free from contamination, not only m~l size. The largeness o~ our territory, our wide diversity of soil, for ourselves but for all peoples and kindred and tongues, is the chmate,employment,and mterest, have always been the stumbling stupendous task set by the fathers for our accomplishment. We blocks to perfect unity. On this rock-when our area was insignifi can not, we will not, we must not, we dare not, prove recreant to cant compared with what it is now-the constitutional conven this momentous trust. tion of 1787, with George Washington at its head, came near go- Should we shrink from our high destiny, should we shirk this ing to pieces. These things caused the most titanic civil war paramount duty to our country and our kind, should we wantonly that the world ever saw, which raged with insatiable fury until or foolishly jeopardize our birthright of freedom bought with the this Republic became another Rachel weeping for her children treasure, the suffering, the heroism, the blood, and the lives of and refusing to be comforted because they were not. These our Revolutionary sires, we will not only receive-but will richly things divide us here now into warring factions, for, loath as we deserve the execration of our posterity and of the world till the are to admit it, our political differences are iii the main founded on last syllable of recorded time. issues purely sectional or local. Job's momentous. question, "If. a m~n die sh~ll he live. a~ain?" Vastness o~ area, wealt}_I of resources, variety of climate, abun- has bee~ answered m the affirm~h.ve With pract1cal unamm1ty by Idance of navigable waters, multitudes of population-these alone al~ w_ean?g the human form diVIne except '·'.the fool who hath are not all the n~cessary constituent elements from which a great, satd m hts heart, 'there 1s no God.'" free, and endurrng government must be builded. . But t? that ot~er important query, ".If a nation die shal_l it Russia has all these galore, and yet she is the veriest de potism live agam?" the history of om· race for SIX thousand years gives on which the sun looks down. . for respon~e a.melancholy but emphatic "No!" . . The Anst1·ian Empire possesses these in an extraordinary de- ~~xatiomsts appear to labor under the. delusiOn that m the gree; neverthele.ss sh~ pres~nts this moment to the astonished gaze twmklmg of an eye any sort of a human bemg; no matter how of men only a d1ssolvmg Vlew, and is held together solely by the 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. '5789 personal influence of her Emperor, the venerable and well John M. Schofield. Part of his evidence appeared in the public beloved Francis Joseph. press after it was edited carefully by some expert annexationist. Ages agone Sir William Jones stated the question and gave-the By one of those curious coincidences that sometimes appear in answer in immortal verse: human affairs the only portion of the General's evidence that was What constitutes a state? of any consequence or which could throw any light on the subject Not high-rais'd battlement or la.bour'd mound, was eliminated from the press report. It was this, that on the Thick wall or moated gate; entire coast of the Sandwich Islands there is but one harbor valu Not cities proud with spires and turrets crown 'd; Not bays and broad-arm'd.ports, able for military or naval purposes or susceptible of being fortified. Where, laughing at the storm, rich navies ride; That is Pearl Harbor, and we already have that. So General Not starr d and spangled courts, Schofield, once commander of the American Army, testified, and Where low-brow'd baseness wafts perfume t.o pride No! Men-high-minded men- he testified from personal observation and information. What does With pow'rs as far above dnll brutes endued this prove? It knocks the bottom clear out of the annexation In forest, brake, or den, scheme; it demonstrates that we do not need them even for strat As beasts excel cold rocks and brambles rude; Men who their duties know, egic purposes, for, having Pearl Harbor, we possess all that por But know their rights, andi knowing, dare maintain; tion of the islands that we need for strategic, military, or naval Prevent the long-aim'd b ow purposes without polluting and weakening our system of govern- And crush the tyrant while they rend the chain. These constitute a state; ment by taking to our bosom a horde of Asiatic savages. Why, And sovereign law, that state's collected will, then, run the awful risk of beginning a policy of imperial aggran O'er thrones and globes elate, dizement and territorial expansion of which no prophet, not even Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. General GROSVE..~OR, can see the end or foretell the evil? CUI BONO? I will go as far as any man here or elsewhere in doing all those What shall it profit us, even temporarily, to do this thing? The things necessary to the defense of my country. I p~rmit no man annexationists draw a picture of these islands in rosy hues, and to excel me in patriotism; but I am unwilling to do an unneces tell a dulcet story of the free homesteads awaiting us in that trop sary thing, a dangerous thing, which is proved to be unnecessary ical region. We are to get the crown lands in return for this four by a witness produced to testify in its behalf. millions we are now appropriating and for the other countless What is our patriotic duty, thenJ It is as clear as the noonday millions which we will expend in the future. As a matter of fact, sun shining in a cloudless sky, anditisthis: To hold Pearl Harbor the crown lands are absolutel'y worthless. Rest assured that the and fortify it to the utmost, even until it is as strong as Gibraltar, sugar barons have already secured titles to every foot of laud of if that be possible. That is the part of patriotism and of wisdom. any value. The free homesteads to be carved out of the crown That removes all the dangers to our institutions. I am willing to lands are a fake, pure and simple. All the crown lands which vote every dollar necessary for that great work; and the fact that will ever be opened to homestead entry are too dry to till without gentlemen will not accept that solution of the question is proof irrigation and so high up in the air that irrigation is impossible. positive that their intention is to make the annexation of these Even if there are valuable crown lands which have never been islands the beginning of a general and extensive policy of territo broken to the plow and fertilized by water, they are not for our rial expansion. children and other white people of our breed, for the all-sufficient And I warn gentlemen who solemnly aver that they are opposed reason that they can not endure outdoor work in that sultry to the policy of imperial aggrandizement, and yet who advocate climate. More farming lands there simply mean more Chinese this senseless scheme, that when some party in the days to come cheap labor, more Chinese contract labor, more Chinese and shall openly declare the whole programme they will be estopped Japanese slave labor, brought into our country to compete with by this week's work from objecting. Now is the accepted time our free white labor. Such an outrageous and iniquitous per for killing this thing. This is the day of salvation. formance is forbidden by good morals, as well as by an exalted MUST B.A. VE A.N ISL.A.Jo.TD. love of country. We are told that we must have an island or we must perish. But the annexationists have their plan like the nigger's coon The jingoes here are as much fascinated by the prospect of having trap, "set to catch 'em gwine and comin'." anislandaswasSanchoPanza. [Laughter.] - ltwashisvision by They at first gave it out that the reason we needed the islands day and his dream by night, and it brought him nothing but mis was that we could then grow for ourselves all the sugar we fortune and unrest. Why this sudden and urgent necessity for an w~nted, ._representing that the cane-sugar industry out there was island? · only in its infancy, and could be increased ad libitum. That It is said that we Med it in case of foreign war, especially in statement so alarmed the sugar-beet enthusiasts that they howled case of a war with a great naval power. Is that tru.e or not? so loud that the annexationists hauled in their horns on the sugar Will we never learn anything from experience? How stands the question and declared that they had been mistaken about that, record? We have waged three foreign wars, and come off victors and that what we really needed the islands ·for was to raise our in every one of them, without an island. In two of them we own coffee, so that neither Spain nor any other nation could pre defeated England, the greatest sea power of the world, without vent us from having an abundance of that delightful tipple. an island to our name-once when we were only 3,000,000 strong, Within the la.st few days the nimble advocates of annexation and again when we could muster only 12,000,000 men, women, have abandoned both sugar and coffee as reasons and have found and children, counting the slaves. The strangest part of this a brand new one-Commodore Dewey's splendid victory at Manila! glorious history is that the ocean was the very place where we Since ~e performed that immortal deed without our owning these thrashed England the most soundly-without an island. Indeed, islands, they say that it is absolutely necessary for us to buythem had it nqt been for our victories upon the water and for that in order that we may send reenforcements to him. Suppose Dewey matchless achievement of the Iron Soldier of the Hermitage at had lost that battle; what then? Do you not know that the an· Chalmette, we would not have been in strictly prime condition nexationists would have been yelling at the top of their voices for crowing over the war of 1812. that we need these islands because of his defeat? Reflections U\)On Hull's surrender and the vandal burning of Now, if his great victory proves anything at all about these this Capitol and the White House are not conducive to a heavenly islands, it is that we have no earthly use for them, for he could frame of mind.even at this late date. "A ho1·se! A horse! My not have done any :better if we had owned all the islands in all kingdom for a horse!" was Hunchback Richard's cry on Bosworth the seas. [ A\)plause.] Field. That certainly was a good stiff price for a charger, but We are told that we need these island,s as a strategic base in our jingoes are willing to pay a greater price for an island. They military operations. All the admirals, rear-admirals, commo are wil!ing to let the Trojan horse into the citadel of our safety. dores, generals, colonels, majors, and captains say so. How does An island is necessary in a time of war, is it? It is a fine thing it happen, then, that we have gotten along splendidly for one old Andrew Jackson did not know that, or he might have retreated hundred arid nine years without these volcanic rocks? If we did up the Mississippi and left Pakenham's troops to enjoy at their not need them when we were only three millions strong, or only leisure "the booty and the beauty of New Orleans." I have a ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, or sixty millions strong, why are question which I wish to ask the mathematical jingo solely for in we likely to perish for want of them now that our census would formation. If with a handful of raw militia Andrew Jackson in show 75,000,000 souls? Some of the learned Thebans will do well one hour killed 2,600 English soldiers-the picked veterans of the to addr.ess themselves to that question. Have we grown weaker peninsula-with a loss of only 7 killed and 8 wounded, without as we have multiplied in population1 Certairi1y no jingo will an island, what in heaven's name would he have done to them if have the hardihood to maintain a proposition so preposterous. he had only had an island? fLanghter and applause.] And yet that is precisely the conclusion to which their logic in AS TO SAGEt!l\USH STATES. evitably leads-which is the reductio ad absurdum. There constantly ascends to heaven an ear-splitting, heartrend But we had before the Committee on Foreign Affairs certain ing, and ridiculous wail from our Eastern brethren as to the evils illustrious witnesses to testify in favor of annexation, to enUghten of sa.gebrush States and the sins of sagebrush statesmen, as though the beclouded intellects of the minority, and to convert us from a. robust patriotism could not flourish as well in Cripple Creek as plain patriotism to wild jingoism. A~ong others was Lieut. Gen. on Beacon street, upon the Great Plains as well as on Wall street, 5790' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 11, within the shadow of Pikes Peak as well as in sight of Bunker For these base and forbidden ends we are asked to do an act Hill Monument, upop the Snake River as well as on Narragansett which will jeopardize the American Republic. Bay. [Applause.] Mr. Speaker, ever since we could read, you and I and all of us, According to the solar-walk and milky-way statesmen of the in our self-gratulations upon the success of our experiment in East [laughter] it is a crime againstliberty, especially against the representative government, have held up to the scornful gaze of Manliattanese, that fifty or one hundred thousand pioneer Ameri men the farcical elections in Old S?J.Ilffi, Pocket, Breeches, and cans, brave, sober, industrious State builders, who conquered the other rotten English boroughs. But should we do this foolish, wilderness with a rille in one hand and an ax in the other, in N e this wicked thing, Job.vnie Bull, dull as he is rn matters of wit vada, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, or Montana, should have as much and humor, will have the joke on us and will make us the per representation in the Senate of the United States as five or six petual butt for his ridicule. The half dozen voters at Old Sarum million New Yorkers. They gnaw a file with deafening racket were not a lot of nondescript Asiatico-Polynesian ignoramuses, about this all the time, forgetful that equal representation in the but were Englishmen, habituated to representative government. Senate was one of the compromises without which there could whose fathers fought at Hastings, at Crecy, and at Agincourt, have been no Constitution and no Union. They belonged to that great Teutonic stock, the imperial race In their arrogant ignorance they have even clamored for an act of of the world, which for nineteen hundred years has gone forth Congress or a constitutional amendment depriving Nevada and conquering and to conquer, governing and to govern. But how other nascent Commonwealths in the Rocky Mountain region of can we justify either to ourselves or to our posterity the act we their equal representation in the Senate, oblivious of the insuper are about to commit? How can we endure our shame when a able obstacle that the Constitution itself provides that no State can Chinese Senator from Hawaii, with his pigtail hanging down his be deprived of its equal representation in the Senate without its back, with his pagan joss in his hand, shall rise from his curule own consent, which, of course, can never be obtained, for, whatever chair and in pigeon English proceed to chop logic with GEORGE else may be sa4d of the Rocky Mountaineers, they are not natural FRISBIE HOAR 01' HENRY CABOT LODGE? 0 temporal 0 moresl born fools. [Laughter and applause.] The plain, unvarnished truth is that the proposition to diminish Then will true patriots-the descendants of the Pilgrims-hide the Senatorial representation of these States is nothing but a their diminished heads and in agony of soul exclaim in the lan scheme to punish them for not voting the goldbug ticket. [Ap guage of Truthful James on a celebrated occasion: plause.] Do I sleep? Do I dream? Evil mventions sometimes return to plague the inventors. Sev Do I wonder and doubtt eral of these States were admitted for the sole purpose of perpetu Are things what they seem. Or is visions about? ating Republican ascendancy in the Senate and in the Electoral Is our civilization a failure, College. Now that they have sense enough to vote their own in Or is the Caucasian played out! terests, very much to the amazement of their godfathers, the wise [Laughter and applause.] men of the East must grin and bear it with what patience they can muster. [Applause.] FIGHT FOR CHINESE EXCLUSION. There are four more Territories which we Southwesters are For more than a quarter of a century a persistent fight has been anxious to bring within the sisterhood of States-Arizona, New waged by the denizens of the Pacific Slope against the sublimated Mexico, Oklahoma, and Indianola. They are kept out now most hu:m:mitarianism of the East to exclude Chinese immigrants from unjustly because they are liable to vote the Democratic ticket our shores. When in the Fifty-third Congress we passed a bill and cocksure to vote for the free and unlimited coinage of gold requiring every almond-eyed disciple of Confucius domiciled in and silver at the ratio of 16 to 1. the United States to file his photograph and the mold of his For fifty years New Mexico has been knocking at the dom·s of thumb-not as works of art or souvenirs of affection, but as evi Congress, asking for statehood, and she is still cooling her heels dences of good faith-for pm'Poses of identification when about to on the outside, notwithstanding the fact that she possesses all the revisit his native land, we supposed that we had finally settled the constitutional qualifications, having a population greater than difficulty; but we are now coolly invited to stultify ourselves and that of Nvaaa, Idaho, Montana, Utah, or Delaware. undo the labor of many years by an act which will in one mo The population in the mountain States is sparse. That much is ment admit more Chinese into this country than the Chinese Six true. But they are American citizens of the bravest, .t~'iftj.est, Comp:mies of San Francisco would have imported in fifty years. most industrious, most adventurous,. and most patriotiC sort. I press these questions home upon your minds and consciences: After these hardy pioneers have builded cities, constructed rail Are we ready to admit Chinese to citizenship? Are we willing roads erected churches and schoolhouses, digged canals, bridged that they .shall have a voice in our affairs? Do we propose delib the st~eams, and made that region a more delectable place for hu erately and absolutely without provocation to take that reckless man habitation, Easterners will pour in, and amid the grandeur leap into the dark? Do not a great many people believe that we of the Rocky Mountains will calmly go to celebrating the landing have already gone too far in the attempt to assimilate all the peo of the Mayflower. [Laughter and applause.] ples of the earth? Is not this question constantly asked: Is the What shall we think of the consistency of people who denounce American Republic endowed with the stomach of an ostrich that these young mountain Commonwealths as sage brush and rotten there is no _limit to iis digestive powers? Is there not a large, in borough States, unfit to touch the immaculate skirts of prim, pre sistent, and growingsentiment in this cou:ntryinfavorof restrict cise Massachusetts or to kiss the hem of the gorgeous garments of ing even white immigration to the able-bodied, the virtuous, the het· imperial highness New York, and in the sat;ne breath propose intelligent? to admit Hawaii, which is removed by 2,500 miles of ocean from We might as well look these questions squarely ann couTa... our borders and whose mongrel population consists of Hawaiians geously in the face. We can not shunt them out of the way. They (pure and mixed), 39,504; Japanese, 25,407; Chinese, 2~,616; Portu will not down at our bidding or for our convenience. gue ~e 15 291; British, 2,250; Germans, 1,432; Amencans, 3,080, · A Chinaman never can be fit for American citizenship. His includmg the largest and most repulsive collection of lepers color, his diet, his mental conformation, his habits of thought, his beneath the sun? methods of conduct, his style of living, his ideas of government, 0 judgment! thou art fted to brutish beasts, his theory of the domestic relations, his code of morals, his re And men have lost their reason! ligion, his passiveness in servitude, his ultra conservatism, his , [Applause.] manners, his amusements, the very fashion of his dress, are radi THE REASO:XS WHY. cally un-American. In all these he is thoroughly incorrigible. Why is this monstrous proposition made? Let us be plain and His ways are not our ways. He is among us, but not of us. What state the truth though it shame the devil. This cri.rne against he was when the Great Wall was a-building he is now while Wil free government is to be committ~d for three reasons: liam of Hohenzollern is inr-orporating him vi et armis into his 1. Because some $5,000,000 of Hawaiian bonds have been sold in body politic. He changes his allegiance (or, speaking more accu this country at about 30 cents on the dollar. We are asked tq rately, his allegiance is changed for him) from the Emperor of guarantee the payment of four millions of these bonds. The mo China to the Emperor of Germany with a sangfroid that lS amaz ment we annex the islands those bonds. will soar to par and certain ing, and with a smile that is childlike and bland. Empires may favored patriots possessed of inside information will reap a profit fall, empires may rise, empires may be sliced up, dismembered, of 70 cent-s for every 30 cents invested, making a total of three atomized-the Yellow Sea may be reddened with the blood of his and one-half millions-a very comfortable nest egg to have in the countrymen-he cares not. He holds his peace. He keeps the fanu1y. even tenor of his way. And what he is now he will be in the last 2. There is a pressing neeessity for two rotten borough Senators day-suave, stolid, imperturbable, indefatigable, unpatriotic. to eke out the single gold-standard majority at the other end of But one thing he does to perfection-he accumulates money. the Capitol. Having money, he must be taxed. Taxation and representation 3. But, above all, William McKinley will have sore need for the go together. That proposition was the essence of that historic threa electoral votes of Hawaii in the melancholy days of Novem preamble for which our Revolutionary fathers flung their gage o! ber in 1900, when he again faces at the polls the great tribune of battle at the feet of the haughty son of a hundred kings. If the the people, William Jennings Bryan, of Nebraska. [Applause.] Chinese go on increasing in this country and we continue to tax . ~ 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE~ 5791 ' them, we must,_ as-a vindication of the patriots who performed the "entangling alliances· with none," which was part of his creed, immortal tea act in. Boston Harbor, let them vote. Indeed, a ·and also of Washington's, is to decline this glittering Hawaiian Federal judge in Oregon naturalized one the other day. To do bauble. that habitually is surely to write the epitaph of free government All history proves that the passion for acquiring territory grows on this continent; for at the last census there were 550,000,000 with what it feeds on. people in the Chinese Empire-perhaps they number 700,000,000 The man who asserted that his modest desires would be satisfied by this time-and the Emperor could send 100,000,000 of his sub ~hen he owned all the land which joined his was the typical Amer jects to this country and never miss them. Naturalized here, they ICan. could outvote us, underbid us in all work, secure all the con The moment we go beyond low-water mark, our feet take hold tracts, get all our money, and run. things generally. of national death. There is no limit to. our foreign acquisitions Could old Ben Franklin return. to us in the flesh, he would pro except our own wisdom and our own moderation, for we are now pound to us this· question: "Gentlemen, are yotr not paying too strong enough to work our will among the nations of the earth. much for the little Hawaiian whistle?" The proud boast- How does the prospect of heathen Chinese domination suit you No pent-up Utica contracts your powers, philosophers, statesmen, and jingos? The whole, the boundless continent is yours- 'Tis but the same rehearsal of the past, pales into pitiable insignificance beside what we can say and can Fh'St freedom, then glory; when that fails, make good if we- conclude to go into the business of imperial ag Wealth, vice, corruption-barbarism at last. grandizement. The entire Western Hemisphere and all the islands But we will be toid that it will be made unlawful for Hawaiian of the adjacent. seas- are ours, if we desire to I?Ossess them. No Chinese to come to America. Believe them not. It can not be human power can stay our arms. Had we been animated by the done. The American Congress on a historic occasion by a super spirit of universal conquest, the scream of our eagles would long human effort solemnly enacted that it could not be done. I plant since have resounded amid the Andes and the Cordilleras. myself on the doctrine of stare decisis and declare that we must When Robert Lord Cliv·e was impeached for plundering the not violat-e the precedents of nearly a hundred years. History re East Indians of a princely fortune·, while admitting that he had peats itself with startling accura-cy. The pioneer Missouri State appropriated vast sums to his own uses, he excbimed in a fine makers, though in their honored grayes, are avenged at last. burst of indignation: "By God, at this moment I am astonished They placed a clause in their first constitution prohibWmg free atmy own moderation!" persons of color from coming from other States and settling in All land grabbers-; big and little, haw heretofore been astonished that imperial Commonwealth. at our moderation, bnt it- has been our strength, our- glory, our- But north of ~llison and Dixon's Line, salvation. ' At once there rose so wild ~yell, And are we now to reverse the policy of a century-that policy As all the fiends from heaven that fell which has made us the wonder of the· world? Haclpea.led the banner cry of hell. We are invited to take the first step in that primrose path. of Secession was loudly threatened by the Northern contingent in dalliance which leads to the eternal bonfire. And where will we Congress if that cia use were not eliminated.. For two years Mis stop? souri, the richest-dowered Territory that ever knocked at these Hawaii is first, then south to Cape Horn, northward to the Pole~ doors for admission, was kept out, and finally, as a condition westward until the starry banner of the Republic will float in gory precedent to her entrance into the Union, Congress required that triumph overt-he most ancient capitals· of the Orient, ea-stward to her legislature should by solemn ordinan-ce declare that that clause an unceasing and ruinous conflict with all Em ope. should forever remain a dead letter, and it was so ordained. No reason can be urged for annexing the Sandwich Islands Now, after seventy-seven years,. in order to smuggle in a few which will not apply with equal force to the annexation of some volcanic rocks in mid ocean and to endow the-variegated inhab thing else and everything else. itants thereof with the invaluable privileges and immunities of ''The Pearl of the Pacific ,,. is the beginning of the end. Then American citizens-in order to protect them with the old flag and ''the Gem of the Antilles," for if we need an island in the Pacific, to gladden their hearts with a four million appropriation-this why not one also in the Atlantic? Congress proposes to do the identical thing which it declared it an Indeed that preeminent-twister of the British lion's caudal ap unpardonable sin for Missouri to do. Missouri did not exclude pendage, Se~a~r ~RY CABOT LODGE, ofNa~:mt [laughter], is free persons of color. Neither can Congress keep out the Hawaiian not to be satlSfied with the one Island of Cuba m the Westlnaies, Celestials. so he has introduced a bill to purchase the islands- of St. Thomas, THE DISEASE CONT.A.GIOL'S. St. Croix~ and St. John; and many here are talking of annexing Annexationists with one accord will pooh-pooh the idea of dan· Puerto Rico1 the Philippines, the Canaries-, and the Caroline ger to the Republic and will solemnly asseverate that the acquisi islands. tion of Hawaii does not presage further territorial expansion. Th€Y jingo bacillus is· indefatigable in its work. Every day or Believe them not, Mr. Speaker. Put not your faith in jingoes. two some prophetic jingo, in the endeavor to excel all his tribe, Study that strange and intricate machine, the human heart. Con proposes to annex the five seething, bubbling, m-uptive Central sider the unconquerable Anglo-Saxon lust for land. Revolve in American Republics. Jingoism appears to be more contagious your mind whether greed has ever yet set limits to its possessions. than the measles1 the smallpox, or the black plague, and let us fer· Reflect upon the question whether the rolling snowball grows vently pray that it will not also prove more fatal. [Applause.] larger or smaller in its journey down the hill. Gaze on the pic That eminent publicist, orator, and author, Henry Watterson-, ture of the Macedonian madman, drunk in the palace of the Bapy has capped the climax of jingoism by proposing to annex Ireland. lonish kings, mingling his tears with. his wine beaanae there were Somebody else asked "Marse Henry" why we should squander no more worlds to conquer. time and moneyanne::rlng- Ireland when we have already annexed Remember Napoleon's dazzling dream of universal empire, the vast majority of the Irish? and how he ended dismally, the modern Promethena bound to the One of myMissouTi friends-a preacher in my church at that- rock of St. Helena with. the vulture of ambition preying on his Mr. WALKER of Massachusetts. What church is that? vitals. .Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Christian Church, vulgarly Think of the sad plaint of Queen Mary, who so mourned her: called the Campbellite. lost French city as to declare that after death they would find the Mr. JOHNSON of Indiana. The fact that you are in commu word " Calais" engraved upon her heart. nication with a preacher shows that antiannexa.tionists are not Recall the almost incredible story of how Frederick the Great outside the pale of salvation. bravely and doggedly waged what to all others seemed a hopeless Mr. CLARK of Missouri (continuing). Wrote me lait week to fight with his multitudinous enemies, during which his fortunes immortalize myself by proposing in this House to partition Spain, were so desperate and his literary ambition so great that he car giving the largest slices to France and Portugal, with a piece ried a bottle of corrosive sublimate in one pocket and a ream of around Gibraltar to Engiand big enough to keep the British lion his own lame verses in the other, and how at the end of the Seven from roaring. You jingoes here are mere babes and sucklings Years' War all Europe in arms could not m·est Silesia from his beside my reverend brother from Missouri. You need to be fed on iron grasp. strong meat in huge chunks for a long time to bring you up to his Review the whole history of the human race and tell us how exalted standard. many rulers have ever willingly alienated one foot of land over - This whole annexation scheme reminds me of a game of cards, which they exercised dominion. about which I know nothing [laughter], but of which I have There is only one, and he shines forth a bright particular star heard a great deal, called draw poker-which has been solemnly among the sovereigns of the earth-the Emperor Adrian, who vol adjudicated by a N eV,ada court to be a scientific performance and untarily relinquished. vast territories, thereby setting bounds to not a game of chance as- popularly considered [laughter]-in the Empire and preserving its life for centuries. which one of the m ost prominent features is "raising" your The way to remain sober is to resolutely refuse the fust drink. opponents until you" raise" them clear out of the game. Every The way to cultivate "peace, commerce, and honest friends}:tip jingo appears to be determined to ' raise" all others in this bad with all nations," which Jefferson enjoined upon us, and to have and desperate game. 5792 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-ROUSE. JUNE 11, If we annex Hawaii and you, Mr. Speaker, should preside here is shown by the fact that the annexationists evolved a scheme to twenty years hence, it may be that you will have a' polyglot House make them a county or counties of California. and it will be your painful duty to recognize "the gentleman from This latter proposition was a little better than makinO' a State Patagonia," "the gentleman from Cuba," ''the gentleman from of t_hem, for while as apart of California they would notbavetwo Santo Domingo,"" the gentleman from Corea," " the gentleman Umted States Senators and three Presidential electors of their from Hongkong," "the· gentleman from Fiji," ''the gentleman own, still the hateful fact remains that by holding the balance of fromGreenland,"or,withfearandtrembling, "thegentlemanfrom power in California politics they might control the two Senators the Cannibal Islands," who will gaze upon you with watering and nine electors from that State, which they would generally do mouth and gleaming teeth. [Great laughter and applause.] as California is a close State. ' In that stupendous day there will be a new officer within these But as California· objected strenuously to that we are now historic walls, whose title will be "interpreter to the Speaker," for assured that it is not intended to make either a State ~r a California your ears will be assailed by speech in as many discordant voices county out of·them. as were heard at the confusion of tongues on the plain of Shinar If this be tr?~' if this is not ~ tri~k with which to rope in the at the foot of the unfinished Tower of Babel. [Applause.] unwary, why 1s It not so stated m this resolution? True it might THE EXGLISH ALLIANCE. have no binding effect upon our successors here, but ~n a~rree- Jingoism is more rapid in its progress than quick consumption. ment so solemnly entered into would have a moral effect fo~ aU So virulent is it that many are now advocating an alliance with time, and wou~d go far tow~rd removing opposition, not that we England-certainly the most preposterous idea that was ever would be convmced of ~he msdom of annexation upon any terms. hatched in the brain of man. Are we to give no heed to the les- but becapse we would oe choosing the lesser of two evils. sons of history? Are we to scout the wisdom of the fathers? Are Even thatwouldnotsolvetheproblemof "What will we do with we to take leave of our senses because we are engagedin a struggle them?" For if we annex them we must govern them some way. with a third-rate power, which, if vigorously pressed, will be glori- If not as a State, or a county of California, then what? Do we ously concluded in time to celebrate our triumph on the 4th of propose_ to resolve this day that we will. hold the people of these next July? Who is to be the gainer by such an arrangement? lSlands m perpetual tutelage as a Terntory, by which term we Certainly not America. Mr. Joseph Chamberlain's gush about have hitherto meant a State in embryo? · what an inspiring spectacle it would be to see our soldiers and A perp~tual chrysaJ}s e_xistence as a "Territory is repugnant to British troops fighting together under the St3.;1'-Spangled Banner t~e gemus of our mstituhons and out or harmony with our entire and the Union Jack may be wisdom from his standpoint, but hlStor:r. Home rule has been our policy from the beginning, and from ours it is sheer nonsense-unmitigated bosh. After thrash- the chief boast of the younger Harrison's Administration was that ing Spain, we have no enemies to fight, but England has a super- it relieved · the people of six Territories from tke reproach and abundance of them. Like the poor, they are always with her, annoyances of Territorialleadingstringsandconferred upon them because John Bull's longing eyes are always fixed ol) somebody the glory and dignity of statehood. else's possessions. Again, I submit that these people are not fit to vote in Terri to- 11" 'thE 1 dl H tl 'd d h t rial elections if they are unfit to vote in State elections which A n a lance WI ng an · avegen emen comn ere w a a they clearly are, even according to the standardofPresi'den'tDole's partnership with that quarrelsome nation means? It me~ns that our armies would soon be fighting against the French hi. Africa, little oligarchy; otherwise he would not have so revised the voting against the Russians in Afghanistan, against the Germans in China, lists as to confine the suffrage to 2,800 persons out of a total popu against the Japanese in Korea, against the Italians in the Medi- lation of 109,000 souls·-that is to say, about one-seventh as many terranean, against the Austrians on the Danube, and·against the people are allowed to vote now as were permitted to vote undE'r Turks in the Golden Horn. The best blood. of America would the monarchy. enrich foreign soil from the Punjaub to St. Petersburg and from If, howeyer, these people are fit for neither a State nor a county the Cape of Good Hope to the Land of the Midnight Sun. That nor a Ternto~y, ~hat form of .government shall we giYe them? is jingoism run mad. Is not that .a ravishing picture? What Crown colomes hke the English? Or shall we send American mothers and fathers are willing to so sacrifice their sons? Who proconsuls to plunder the~e unfortunate people as the Roman pro· is going to pay the piper for such a wild dance? How can we be ?onsuls plundered the anCient world or set up a system of satrap· made happier, more prosperous, or more puissant by such an: Ies to be controlled by the centr~l Goye~nment here in Washing amazing performance? Time and time again we have expressed - t - press, and caused it to question the patriotism and cast insinua been wisely defined as" the first law of nature." The labor or tions against the integrity ot the men who have the courage, the ganizations of California, being nearest the scene, being at the wisdom, and the patriotism to fight this collossal job? point of earliest contact, and being the first who would suffer from I was long since taught that it is a sound practice when trying competition with coolie slave labor, were very properly the first to fix responsibility for a crime to search for the person or per to sound the alarm. They were soon reenforced by an earnest sons who would reap the greatest profit from its commission. protest from the American Federation of Labor, which demon Applying that rule of common sense to this case, to what con strates that workingmen throughout the Jand sympathize with clusion are we irresistibly led? 'fo this: That the sugar kings of their imperiled brethren on the Pacific Slope. the Sandwich Islands are the chief promoters of the scheme, be The Federation places its strong resolution against annexation cause they are easily the chief beneficiaries. Even the holders of on the ground that it "would be tantamount to the admission of Hawaiian bonds are not in it with them, because all the bonds a slave State, therepresentativesof which would necessarily work ever issued by the Dole Government are not equal to the profits and vote for the enslavement of labor in general." which the sugar kings will make out of annexation in each and Members with jingo tendencies will be serVing their country, every year henceforth and forever so long as they shall live, be an,d perhaps themselves, by giving heed to this note of warning, cause annexation will make raw Hawaiian sugar come in free, and thereby escaping the ~ath to come. the sugar kings will pocket the tariff on the same, which amounts AGAINST THE WILL OF THE HAWAIIAN PEOPLE. under the blessed Dingley bill to millions of dollars annually, and The corner stone of this Republic is the proposition enunciated will grow as the Hawaiian sugar output increases, and is really a by 'Thomas Jefferson, the chief priest, apostle, and prophet of gift from us, which already exceeds $65,000,000. constitutional liberty-" Governments, derive their just powers . But it will be answered that reciprocity already lets Hawaiian from the consent of the governed,.,, . sugar in free, and therefore the kings have and can have no in If that proposition is not true, then the American Revolution terest in annexation. Do not believe that for one moment, Mr. was a monstrous crime; Washington, Warren, Montgomery, Speaker. The reciprocity treaty is a tiptop thing for the kings, Greene, Marion, and all that band of heroes were turbulent trai but it is only temporary in its nature, and annexation would be a tors to King George III; John Hancock, Old John Adams, Patrick permanent blessing to them. I do not know much about stocks; I Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and their Congressional compeers have had no experiencs with the ticker; but, mark my prediction: pestilent disturbers of the peace; and all the blood shed in our the moment annexation is an assured fact sugar stocks will soar two wars with Great Britain was wanton and wicked waste. If skyward-a direction in which their owners will never go. To that proposition is not true, William McKinley is this day exer this low estate have we fallen at last that the sugar kings of the cising functions usurped from Victol'ia Guelph, and this body is· Sandwich Islands force us from the safe, wise, honorable policy composed of mouthy brawlers doing unlawfully those things which of one hundred and nine years into a new, dubious, and untried the English House of Commons has the sole right to do. policy which endangers our prosperity and is a menace to our very If that proposition is not--true, you, Mr. Speaker, are not Speaker existence. de jure, but only Speaker de facto, interfering pro tanto with the I would not be understood as asserting that members in advo prerogatives of the speaker of the English Honse of Commons, cating annexation are consciously influenced by the sugar ~gs Mr. Gully, who is the grandson of a professional pugilist. [Laugh or are in any manner corrupted by them. I am perfectly Wlllmg ter and ~pplause.] to admit that their motives are absolutely pure. Nevertheless, I This annexation scheme is in flagrant violation of that basic believe that the sentiment in favor of annexation now, in the day principle of our Republic, for many thousand Hawaiians-more of William McKinley, under the impulse of which members are than the entire male adult population-have solemnly protested rut!hing upon ills they know not of, is largely the work of the sugar against the sale and delivery of their country to us by a little gang .. kings, just as the sentiment favorable to annexation in the days of adventurers who, claiming to be the whole thing, are offering to of William L. Marcy was distinctively the creation of the propa us a property of which they have robbed the rightful owners. gandists of African slavery. As annexation was resisted and de And now America, which has been solemnly declared by the Su feated by lovers of human freedom then, so it ought to be resisted preme Court to be a Christian land, is to be made the receiver of and defeated by lovers of human freedom now; these stolen Hawaiian goods. . REESTABLISHMEYT OF HUMAN SLAVERY. If an ordinary citizen receives stolen goods, he commits a peni To the Republicans who are shouting for annexation I com tentiary offense. Wherein, I beg leave to inquire, is the differ mend the fine Shakespearean dictum, "Consistency, thou art a ence of principle in stealing ordinary property and in stealing an jewel." island or a group of islands, or in receiving them after they are The Republic~n party claims now-since emancipation has be stolen? The only justification lies in the thievish theory that if come popular and since the vote of our " Brother in Black" con the theft is big enough, it ceases to be a crime and takes on the trols the elections in eeveral close States-that it waged for four character and complexion of a virtue, and the perpetrators thereof, years a costly and bloody war to extirpate African slavery from this instead of being consigned to the striped uniforms, cramped quar country. In 1861 the claim was that that awful war was for the ters, meager diet, and hard labor of felons, are to be hailed as , preservation of the Union. Indeed, Abraham Lincoln, the great statesmen and rewarded with the plaudits of a grateful people-a est of all Republicans dead or alive, so stated in his famous and theory which, I regret to say, is growing in this country. wonderful letter to Horace Greeley. So believing, hundreds of But the jingoes tell us that this protest of the·Hawaiians is all thousands of brave, patriotic Democrats helped put down there bogus, gotten up by designing knaves, and that the Hawaiians bellion, which could not have been put down without them. are falling over each other in their eagerness for annexation. If Now, however, generally, but especially about election time, the this is true, why not submit this annexation scheme to a popula1• seductive tale is whispered in the credulous ears of Afro-Ameri vote in Hawaii, as was done in the case of Texas, and which was cans that the civil war was fought solely to free them, and that provided for in the treaty once negotiated with Santo Domingo, but nobody did any fighting in the Federal armies save and except which happily was never ratified, or have a plebiscite, as Napo Republicans; all of which is a fable. leon III was in the habit of doing whenever he felt like it or But if the civil war was carried on to free the negroes, as is wished to cure himself of ennui produced by wearing his uncle's now claimed, how can Republicans justify themselves either in the heavycrown,whi.ch was.toolargeforhim? Thatwould befairand forum of conscience or at the bar of public opinion for annexing would remove one difficulty. Certainly Mr. Sanford B. Dole the Sandwich Islands, thereby again grafting slavery onto the could guarantee that every vote in favor of annexation would be Republic? No man who has any reputation for veracity will counted at least once. jeopardize it by denying that coolie slavery does exist in the Sand Does he or do his sponsors here shrink from the test of Hawaiian wich Islands to-day as thoroughly as African slavery ever did manhood suffrage on that proposition? exist in South Carolina or in Massachusetts up to the time when it If a fair election on that proposition can not be had, what as was found to be unprofitable on that stem and rockbound coast. surance have we that fair elections can be had hereafter, if we . . rApplause.] Furthermore,menof intelligenceknowthat Chinese annex these islands? If the Hawaiians are not fit to vote on a Slaverv.is·more brutal and more immoral than was African slavery proposition of vital interest to themselves, who will have the ef- in its worstestate,even in Massachusetts. Itisamatterofcommon .frontery to say that they are fit to vote for all coming time on prop knowledge that Chinese men are sold into slavery, and that ositions of vital interest to us and to our posterity? Chinese women are sold into and especially prepared by cruel If governments do derive their just powers from the consent of surgical operations and physical mutilations for a species of the governed, how does it happen that the Hawaiians are to have slavery ten times worse than death itself. · no voice in a performance which transforms their country from an PROTEST OF ORGANIZED LABOR~ independent nation into a mere outpost of this Republic? Perhaps it may quicken the consciences, open the eyes, and Let him answer who can. dampen the ardor of certain jingoes here to know that organized This submission to a vote of the Hawaiian male adults of a labor is against this annexation scheme. This element, which proposition decisive of their destiny ought to be insisted on by justly looks to its own interests, and which is more and more Congress as a condition precedent to even considering annexation. every year finding ways to make its influence felt, opposes this This is the American method of procedure-a method bottomed Hawaiian job under the impulse of self-preservation, which has on the eternal prindples of wisdom, justice, and liberty. XXXI-_363 6794 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 11, ,I We should demand a free ballot and a fair count for the Hawaii action of Congress, what was he here for? Will we be told that ans, whose pah·imony has been appropriated by President Dole he was seeking health? Is it credible that a man from the Tropics and his partners in the oligarchy. would risk his life in this climate in midwinter for pleasure? The annexation shouters cla~ that the Hawaiian names ap Did he want to see the country? If so, why not come at a more pended to the remonstrance are largely fictitious, and chiefly convev.ient season? And why make his visit in January, at the secured as signers under false pretenses. We deny it. Issue is precise time that his precious treaty of annexation was being de squarely joined on an important matter of fact. It can be settled bated in the secret sessions of the Senate and waa a few votes by a vote of the Hawaiian males over 21 years of age. Who can short of the necessary two-thirds majority? deny that that is a fair test? Have we not always been extremely jealous of foreign officials All the machinery of elections is in the hands of the little coterie interfering with our affairs-yes, always, till now, and even now of oligarchists. They are able, resolute, ambitious men. They make an exception only in favor of the Hawaiian plotters? can be relied upon to see to it that every annex.ation voter votes Did not Washington drive the impudent, meddling Genet, and that his vote is~ounted. They can also be relied on to see ~o minister of the French Republic, out of the country at the risk of it that not an unlawful vote is cast against the scheme of annex a war with France when we were a feeble folk? ation, for their fortunes depend upon annexation. Can anything Did not Mr. Secretary of State Daniel Webster's dark brow be more clearly just? Is President Dole afraid of the verdict of grow darker when he thought of the brave Kossuth haranguing his own people? I pause for a reply. our people on our affairs? None of his friends answer, so I will answer myself. He can Did not our Government demand the recall of Minister Sack not be induced to submit this scheme to a popular manhood suf ville-West for his imprudent letter touching a Presidential elec frage vote, for the very good reason that he knows that he and tion? And did not his Government, recognizing the justice of the his friends hold office through usurpation and that the vast ma demand, instantly recall him? · jority of the Hawaiian people are bitterly opposed to him and all Was not the foolish and insulting letter of Minister Dupuy de his works. He the friend of liberty, is he? How does it happen, Lome about President McKinley and our people one o.f the things then, that while under the monarchy 14,000 persons were per that irritated our people into demanding this war? mitted to vote, only 2,800 are given the elective franchise under Why have not Thurston, Hatch~ Dole, and all the rest been sent the oligarchy? about their business and given plainly to understand that we Let it be remembered also that a large percentage of these 2,800 need no instruction from them as to our duty or our .interests? voters have been colonized in Hawaii by Dole & Co. since they Surely this is an amazing perfonnance. have been conducting the Government. What a misleading mis- nomer is it to dignify this little handful of close-corporation oli- MANIFES_T DESTINY. garchists with the name of a republic! What a burlesque upon We hear much o.f "manifest 'destiny/' That is a charming truth, what a travesty upon justice, what an affront to intelli- phrase. It tickles the ears of men; it panders to humu.n vanity; gence to assert that Dole and his gang have any claims upon us it feeds the lurid flames of our ambition; it whets the sword of con· or upon any other fl'iends of representative government and quest; it is an anodyne for the tmubled conscience, but it lureth human freedom! to destruction At the last it biteth like a serpent and stingeth Oh, yes, but we are told that all male citizens of the Sandwich like an adder. It is, howeYer, no new doctrine. It is as old as Islands can vote who will swear that they will support the pres- the hills, "rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun." Years and years ent Republic and the present constitution of Hawaii. Now, at ago, stripped of all disguises and adornments, it was formulated first blush that seems perfectly fair; but it is a delusion and a by that eminent annexationist, Rob Roy, in this plain, bltmt !au snare, aswillreadilyappearfromthisfact: The constitution, which guage: the Hawaiian people never had any hand in adopting, provides for The good ·old rule, the simple plan, this very scheme of annexation, which the .Hawaiian people de- That they should take who liave the power, test.. That condition for voting is a very skillful-contrivance. It And they should keep who can. exhausted human ingenuity to invent it and is worthy of Machia- Moses placed his veto on this convenient theory of "manifest velli himself. In order to vote at all a citizen of the Sandwich destiny" when with inspired pen on tables of stone he wrote this Islands must solemnly swear to support a constitution which de- stern command: "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's lands." prives his country of its nationality. What man who has any Even in this presence I beg leave to suggest that the decalogue is reputation to lose will risk it by arising in his place here and de- a moral code, not for 1. the temporary and exclusive use of the dis· claring that he indorses such a swindle on a feeble people? Under gruntled children of Israel, foot-sore and weary with wandering it only about 2,800 persons vote, and that is about the number in in the wilderness ~ but is applicable to all persons in all countries favor of anne.A--ation. and at all times, for the principles of right and wrong are eternal SHALL H.A w .AIIANS co~oL ou:a FUTURE? and do not change wit.h latitude and longitude or with the lapsing I put this question to every man in the Republic of whatever years or with the various tongues of men . . politics: Are you willing that the destinies of your children and u Manifest destiny" ha.s been the specious plea of ·every robber your children's children shall be determined in some crisis of your and freebooter since the world began and will continue to be until country's fate by the votes of two mongrel Senators from Hawaii the elements shall melt with fervent heat. or 3 electoral votes from that leprous island? Two votes or less It was "manifest destiny" which led Lot to oveiTeach his uncle in the Senate and 3 votes o1· less in the electoral college have ere Abraham in selecting the rich lands of the vaUey, and you remem this determined matters of great pith and moment. Old John ber the weird story of Sodom and Gomorrah. Adams beat Je-fferson only 3 votes in 1796. The "manifest destiny" of Jacob enabled him to appropriate Write it on the tablets of your memory that the resolution de- the birthright of his luckless brother Esau. claring the war o.f 1812 passed the Senate by only 1 majority. "Manifest destiny" led Philip's invincible son across the sea, Let it never be forgotten that the greatest crime ever committed across the Granicus, even to farthest Ind, to build up an im on this continent, the rape of the Presidency, was accomplished mensa empire, which crumbled to pieces at his death . . by only 1 majority in the electoral college, even after the infa- "Manifest destiny" sent the Roma.n emperors to the burning mons 8 to '7 commission bad stolen bodily the electoral votes of sands of Africa, to the impenetrable forests of Gaul, to the inhos- Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida. pitable mountains of Asia, to the bottomless bogs of England, and H.A. w.A.IIA.- LOBBYISTS. at last put up the imperial crown for sale at auction to the highest The propaganda which has been carried on openly in this city bidder. for the last five or six years by the agents of the Hawaiia~ sugar I ''Manifest destiny" caused Bajazet to desolate the fairest por kings in favor of annexation is a disgrace to this Government and tions of Asia, and he ended by being hauled around in an iron has lowered us in the eyes of ourselves and the rest of the world. cage as a ravening wild beast, which he was. It has no parallel in all history. Minister ·Hatch has lobbied for ''Manifest destiny" impelled Mad Charles of Sweden to put all it. Ex-Minister Thurston has lobbied for it, and has written and northern Europe to the sword until he met his Nemesis in Peter sent a book in favor of it broadcast ove1· the land, which book the the Great at Pultowa. Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs made a part of its report. ".Manifest destiny" was Napoleon's gauzy justification for all Other lesser pm·sonages have lobbied for it. These not succeed- the bones bleaching from Toulon to :Mount St. Jean. He was ing, at last appea.red President Sanford B. Dole, in all his bewhis- always prating about his star; but it disappeared forever in the kered glory. sunken road of Ohaiu, and he wandered from the stricken field What other government on earth would permit the agents of a ''the immense somnambulist of a shattered dream." foreign goyernment to come into its very capital and openly ''Manifest destiny" makes England the great bully of the world, interfere with its affairs? Suppose, when the arbitration treaty oppressing the weak, toadying to the strong, laying up wrath with England was pending in the Senate, Queen Victoria had against that day of wrath, that dies ir.:e, which is as sure to co:m.e come to Washington to lobby for its ratification . . Such a howl for her as that a just God reigns on high. would have gone up as would have startled the man in the moon, Oh, yesr ''Manifest destiny'~ is a seductive thing. It is the and it would have been a howl of righteous indignation. If San- beautiful, the irresistiblet- the wicked Circe beckoning us on to ford B. Dole was not here to influence public opinion and the our undoing. The entire pathway o.f man since the day when 1898. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5795 ) 'Adam was driven fxom Eden with flaming swords is black with · Mr. Speaker, I have become convinced thatthis.nation, to main the wrecks of nations who harkened to the siren song of "Ma.ni- tain her self-respect and the respect of the nations and in the in fest destiny," and the epitaph upon whose tombstones is: "They terest of peace, must have a navy as powerful as any nation in the were, but they are not." world, ship for ship, man for man, fort for fort. [Applause.] We Hitherto we have been the fayorites of heaven; but let us not must have Hawaii as a part of our naval outfit. We must. have tempt fate too far or destiny will grow weary of partnership with tbe Nicaragua Canal as a part of our naval as well as mercantile l1S and dissolve it as she did with Napoleon at Waterloo. outfit. [Applause.] Those are three things that this nation owes ~, Hawaii is a blind for our eyes, a snare for our feet, a bait for to itself an broken arch of "the Long Bridge'J and sketch the ruins of this believe that this Government1 uniting with Japan and Great Cap1tol. Before you consummate this monstrous folly I say to Britain, should enter into a treaty to-morrow, if possible, that the you, in the language of Galgacus to the ancient Britons, "Think ports of all three nations, und-er all circumstances, should be of your forefathers; think of your posterityl" [IJ'olonged ap- open to each one and all of the three nations. How long? Not a plause.] day beyond the time when either nation shall give notice that the Mr. HITT. I yield twenty minutes to the gentleman from agreement is terminated. Ma-ssachusetts rMr. wALKER]. . The most lasting alliance that can be made, and the only one Mr. WALKER of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I hope I shall that can be lasting, is an alliance which will last during the free be able to relieve the House from any effects which may have consent of the parties to it. The moment you make an alliance been produced by the lamentations of its Jeremiah. [Laughter.] for all time each party begins to think when and where and how In the discussion and decision of this question there is not the it shall be terminated; but when you make an alliance that can first element or purpose of territorial expansion. We ent·er upon be terminated at any moment, each party is studyi~ to m-aintain the discussion and decision of this question of accepting Hawaii and perpetuat~ it, What shall we add to that? ~ · ollowing the · in precisely the same manner and upon the same principles that example of the three American commissioners, who alone settled we would enter upon the discussion of the question of building the trouble of our southern neighbor Venezuela, we will agree a. ship of our Navy. It is within as narrow limits as that ques- that when any difficulty a1.'ises between lm.y two of the three na tion. It is clearly-a question of. our national defense, our national tions that the two nations that are at a misunderstanding shall duty, our national existence, in the position in which the great each appoint-what? A court of ar.bitration? No, for a court of Former of the destiny of nations has placed us. arbitration will breed war. What then.?. Each of the countries I have struggled against this decision. I ha-ve been opposed at odds shall appoint three commissioners of its own citizens, and · to the annexation of Hawati until I heard the shot of the guns of agree that for two years they will take no further actlon. Dewey at Manila; and then I wakened to the importance of this Then each commissioner of each country is in dnty bound and question to the great destiny, as I believe, of this nation. No under bonds to find grounds of agreement, not of dissent. But man has a moral right in his power and strength in any commu- if yon have a court of arbitration, the commissioners of each na nity to shut himself up within his own selfish interest andadvan- tion become counsel for their respective nation, and are studying tage and there live, seeking what he may for himself and forget- for grounds of disagreement, and not of agreement. This is all ting those about him. He has not this right either in a State or the alliance we want with any nation. The time has come, and in a nation, nor has any nation such a right. It has no right to in the interest of peace, when this country must and will have the cut itself off from all the moral obligations that rest upon it to power of enforcing the jnst and righteous decision of a righteoo.s secm·e righteon..r:mess aud maintain peac.e in the great community people. The righteous are in the majority always in this country. of nations. They always have been in every exigency in the past, and will be Are there any obligations resting UflOll the great empire of in ~he future; and not only in thi.s country, but in every other Great Britain to·secure justice? Do we look npon her to discharge natiOn that spe~ks the language of ~e Anglo-~on race.. any of the duties, that become herinherplace of power among the Now, what Will become of our fr1end Russia, that has always nations? And are we to be absolved from every oblig!rlion that stood by us? Because of om: power and be.cause of our fri.endship rests upon England? Was that the idea of our fathers? Have we to the m~ther _co.un't!y we Will s~e that ne~ther she nor any ot~er receivednothingin.blessing from Almighty God? Shall we return coun?"y c:-oes InJUStiee to 01J! friend Russia, 01· !1-ny other natwn nothing to our fellow-nations in ourmterestin them as our fellows? t~at 1B fnen.dly Ol' even unfrien~y to~· The tune of our swad I do not make any claim that it is our duty to right the wrongs of ling clothes has gone. Th.e pitch€r lS broken at the .well, and every people and of every nation under all circumstances, but I never can be.restored. We can: not shut our eyes to the fact that do say that it is the duty of this nation to take its proper place we have attruned to-day, as I sard be~ore, to a stature such as none among the nations of the world, and that we stand verily guilty of us. drea.ID:ed we ~honld ever reach m our. d.aJ: or even ~ t.h~~ of before God if we dop.ot do onr full duty in maintaining peace in the . our Immediate childr~n. We can not shirk Its .respm;uub1hties. world. We are seeking Hawaii f01· peace. We c.an not ~eturn aga.m to the place of a physical p1gmy or a 'l'he roots of all moral courage Iest in physical courage. The moral dwarf. [Applause.] . . . power of moral courage, in the last analysis, rests in the physical Mr .. DINS~DRE. I pronnsed to YI~ld so.me time to the gentle courage of the man or the nation, and the certainty that moral man from Ar~ona [Mr. S~IT~], and if he 1S present, I should be courage will find exercise in physical courage and in physical ao- glad to have him o.ccnpy hl.S time. He does not seem to be pres tion when duty calls. In order that we may have practical cour- ant, Mr. Speaker. age, physical courage, and moral courage we must have the means MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. of legitimately exercising our physical power, else we are as weak A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, as Ch;ina whe!l attacked by Japan. Where was this natioD; in announced that the Senate had agre~d to the report of the com p:act!cal phy~cal power when Chile threatened us but a short tim~ mittee of conference on the disagreemg votes of the two Houses smce~ If Chile had puraued her purpose to the end she would on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 10100) to pro pave .won as aga~st us, for a tim~. Whe~e should we have be~n · vide ways and means to meet war expenditures. 1n this contest With the weak power of Spam ten yeaa-s ago? Spam The message also announced that the Senate had passed with would have won if the contest llad: been eom.m.eneed then. · amendments the bill (H. R. 4936) for the allowance of certain 5796 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE. JUNE 11, claims for stores and supplies reported by the Court of Claims S. 2107. An act granting an increase of pension to Theodore S, under the provisions of the act approved March 3, 1883, and com Cross-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. monly known as the Bowman Act, and for other purposes, asked S. 4701. An act granting an increase of pension to Charles W. a conference with the House of Representatives on the bill and Tilton-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. amendments, and had appointed Mr. TELLER,Mr.PAsco,andMr. S. 3532. An act granting a pension to J. K. Hager-to the Com.. STEW ART as the conferees on the part of the Senate. mittee on Invalid Pensions. The message also announced that the Senate had passed the bill S. 3534. An act granting a pension to Annie E. Joseph-to the (S. 4710) to amend an act entitled "An act providing for the con Committee on Invalid Pensions. struction of a bridge across the Yalobusha River, between Leflore S. 3285. An act to increase the pension of Mary F. Hopkins-to and Carroll counties, in the State of Mississippi," approved April the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 29, 1898; in which the concurrence of the House was requested. S. R. 165. Joint resolution to amend the joint resolution per.. mitting Anson Mills, colonel of the Third Regiment United States ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. Cavalry, to accept and exercise the functions of boundary com :Mr. HAGER, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported missioner on the part of the United States, approved December that they had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the fol 12, 1893-to the Committee on Military Affairs. lowing titles; when the Speaker signed the same: S. 1699. An act to remove the charge of desertion from the mili H. R. 1271. An act granting a pension to Clara A. Short; tary record of George F. Harter-to the Committee on Military H. R. 2669. An act granting an increase of pension to Henry Affairs. · H. Tucker; S. 2919. An act granting a pension to Olivia Worden, widow of H. R. 7007. An act to increase the pension of Samuel B. Davis; the late John L. Worden, United States Navy-to the Committee H. R. 4672. An act granting an increase of pension to Alfred D. on Invalid Pensions. Johnson; S. 412. An act to amend an act entitled "An act for the relief H. R. 8871. An act for a survey for a channel leading from Ship and civilization of the Chippewa Indians in the State of Minne Island Harbor, Mississippi, to the railroad pier at Gulf Port, Miss., sota," approved January 14, 1889-to the Committee on Indian and to Biloxi, Miss., and for a survey of Ship Island Pass; Affafrs. H. R. 8680. An act granting an increase of pension to William S.-1036. An act granting the use of certain lands to the city of Tompkins; and St. Augustine, Fla., for a public park, and for other purposes-to H. R. 8226. An act to make certain grants of land to the Terri the Committee on Military Affairs. tory of New Mexico, and for other purposes. LEAVE OF ABSENCE. SENATE BILLS REFERRED. By unanimous consent leave of absence was granted to Mr. Under clause 2of RuleXXIV,Senatebillsof the following titles REEVES for four days, on account of important business. were taken from the Speaker's table and referred to their appro And then, on motion of Mr. HrTT (at 4 o'clock and 43 minutes priate committees as indicated below: p. m.), the House adjourned. S. 1572. An act granting a pension to Albert Hammer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2002. An act granting an increase of pension to Bryon R. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATION. Pierce-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, a letter from the Secretary of the S. 2015. An act granting a pension to Lillian M. Yost-to the Treasury, transmitting a copy of a communication from the Act Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing Director of the Mint submitting estimates of deficiencies in S. 2729. An act granting a pension to Lydia E. Bowers-to the certain appropriatjons, was taken from the Speaker's table re Committee on Invalid Pensions. ferred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered t~ be S. 2616. An act to pension Harriette F. Bovey-to the Commit printed. tee on Invalid Pensions. S. 2494. An act granting a pension to Mary A. Colhoun-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND S. 571. An act granting a pension to Mrs. Susan Mellsop-to the RESOLUTIONS. Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 4550. An act granting an increase of pension to Col. John F. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions of the follow McMahon-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ·ing titles were severally reported from committees, delivered t-o S. 4483. An act granting an increase of pension to John H. the Clerk, and referred to the several Calendars therein named, Crandall-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. as follows: S. 1698. An act granting a pension to Alden B. Thompson-to Mr. CLARK of Iowa, from the Committee on the Post-Office the Committe~ on Pensions. and Post-Roads, to which was referred the bill of the Senate (S. S. 4710. An act to amend an act entitled "An act providing for· 460) to extend the uses of the mail service, reported the same the construction of a bridge across the .. Yalobusha River, be without amendment, accompanied b:v a report (No. 1544); which tween Leflore and Carroll counties, in the State of Mississippi," said bill and report were referred to the House Calendar. approved April29, 1898-to the Committee on Interstate and For He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the eign Commerce. bill of the House (H. R. 4304) regulating the postage on letters S. 3330. An act granting an increase 'of pension to H. B. Arm written by the blind, reported the same with amendment accom stron~to the Committee on Pensions. panied by a report (No. 1545); which said bill and report ~ere re S. 4394. An act granting an increase of pension to Alexander ferred to the House Calendar. Keen-to the Committee on Pensions. , Mr. SHAFROTH, from the Committee on the Public Lands to S. 1821. An act granting a pension to John Bailey-to the Com w:hich was referred Ho~s~ bill10331, reported in lieu theredf a mittee on Invalid Pensions. b1~l (H. R. 10666) au~ho.nzmg the Secretary of the Interior to per S. 1580. An act granting an increase of pension to Cutler D. ~It the use of the btllld~ngs of the F9rt Supply Military Reserva Sanborn-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tion by Oklahoma Territory for an msane asylum, accompanied S. 717. An act granting an increase of pension to Eva W. Bran· by a report (No. 1546); which said bill and report were referred nan, widow of the late Maj. Gen. John Milton Brannan, United to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. States Army-t-o the Committee on Invalid Pensions. S. 4575. An act granting an increase of pension to John Me- · Vicar-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS INTRODUCED. S. 3911. ~n act pensioning H. C. Bedell, Company A, One hun • dred and nmety-first New York Volunteers-to the Committee on Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials Invalid Pensions. . of the following titles were introduced and severally referred as S. 177 4. An act granting a pension to Mrs. Hem·etta Cummins- follows: ' to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · By Mr. COCHRAN of :Missouri: A bill (H. R. 10665) granting S. 4147. An act granting an increase of pension toR. W. Hay pensions to teamsters engaged in the military service of the wood-to the Committee on Pensions. United States during the Mexican war-to the Committee on Pen 8 . ...369. An act granting a pension to James Ballard-to the sions. Committee on Invalid Pensions. · By Mr. SHAFROTH (from the Committee on the Public S. 1797. An act granting an increase of pension to John A. Lands): A bill (H. R. 10666) authorizing the Secretary of the In~ Hughes-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. teri01· to permit the use of the buildings on the Fort Supply Mili S. 4233. An act granting a pension to Solomon Kline-to the tary Reservation by Oklahoma Territory for an insane asylum Committee on Invalid Pensions. (in lieu of H. R. 10331)-to the Committee of the Whole House on S. 601. An a-ct granting a pension to S. W. Taylor-to the Com the state of the Union. - · mittee on Invalid Pensions: By Mr: RICHARDSON: A bill (H. R. 10667) to change name of 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 5797 Capital Railway Company-to the Committee on the District of A bill (H. R. 1801) granting an increase of pension to Catherine Columbia. . Clifford; By Mr. CHICKERING: A bill (H. R. 10668) for sharing With A bill (H. R. 4488) granting an increase of pension to Peter the several States the expenseof State canalsprovidingfreetr.ans Castle; and portation to interstate and foreign commerce-to the Comzmttee A bill (H. R. 5006) to increase the pension of Edward Starr. on Railways and Canals. The message also announced that the House had agreed to the Also, a bill (H. R. 10669) to amend certain act~ regulati~g n~vi amendments of the Senate to the following bills: gation-to the Committee on the Merchant Manne and FlSheries. A bill (H. R. 3141) increasing the pension of Price W. Hawley; A bill (H. R. 5149) to amend the charter of the papital RaHway PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS INTRODUCED. Company; Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions of A bill (H. R. 5522) to authorize the establishment of a life the following titles were introduced and severally referred as saving station at or near Charlevoix, Mich.; follows: . A bill (H. R. 9554) granting certain lands to the city of Santa By Mr. EDDY: A bill (H. R. 10670) to pension Maria J. Blais Barbara, Cal.; and dell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. A bill (H. R. 10220) to organize a hospital corps of the Navy of By Mr. SULLOW:AY: A bill(~. R. 10671) ~anting_ a pension the United States; to define its duties and to regulate its pay. to Lucia A. Hynes-to the Comnnttee on Invalid Penswns. The message further announced that the House insists upon its amendment to the bill (S. 104) to increase the pension of Lucretia PETITIONS, ETC. C. \Varing disagreed to by the Senate, agrees to the conference asked for by the Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, the following petitions and papers thereon, and had appointed Mr. LOUDENSLAGER, Mr. WEYMOUTH. were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: and Mr. ~rns ~anagers at the conference on the part of the By .Mr. COWHERD: Petition of various labor or~aniza~ons ~f House. - Kansas City, Mo., in opposition to the_ so-called anti-scalpmg bill The mesE~age also announced that the House ins'st.s upon its or any similar measure-to the Comnnttee on Interstate and For- amendments to the bill (S. 3596) to ratify the agreement between· eign Commerce. - . the Dawes Commission and the Seminole Nation of Indians dis AlBo (by request), pe~ition ~f h~siness !Jrms of ~ansas City, agreed to by the Senate, agrees to the conference asked for by the Mo., in favor of the ant1-scalpmg bill-totneCommittee on Inter Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, and state and Foreign Commerce. had appointed Mr. LACEY,Mr. SNOVER, and Mr. ZE.NOR managers By Mr. ERMENTROUT: Protest of Wethe~ & Bro., of Phil at the conference on the part of the House. · adelphia, Pa., against the adoption of the Chllton amendment to The message further announced that the House had disagreed the war-revenue bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 8581) for the Also petition of W. H. Snyder, supreme recorder of the Fra protection of the people of the Indian Territory, and for other ternal Mystic Circle, Philadelphia, Pa., in opposition to th~ clau.se purposes, agrees to the conference asked for by the Senate on the in the war-revenue bill imposing a tax on fraternal benefit socie disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, and had appointed ties-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. SHERMAN, Mr. CURTIS of Kansas, and Mr. LITTLE managers Also, protests of the National Rm:nedy Company, of ~ew York at the conference on the part of the House. City, against the retroactive clause m the war-revenue bill-to the The message also announced that the Honse had disagreed to Committee on Ways and Means. the amendments of the Senate to the following bills, agrees to the Also, protest of Lazell, Dalley & .c.o., of New York, agains~ the conferences asked for by the Senate on the disagreeing votes of clause in House bill No. 10100 reqUirmg wholesalers and retailers the two Houses thereon, and had appointed Mr. BABCOCK, Mr. to stamp existing stock of proprietary medicines, perfumery, etc. CURTIS of Iowa, !md Mr. RICHARDSON managers at tlie respective to the Committee on Ways and Means. conferences on the part of the House: By Mr. FENTON: Petition of John McNaughton, to accompany A bill (H. R. 6148) to amend the charter of the Eckingt.on and House bill No. 8788, for his relief-to the Committee on War Soldiers' Home Rail~ay Company of the District of Columb:a, Claims. Maryland and Washington Railway Company, and for other pur Also, petition of Ellen Ow~ns, t~ accompanf House bill No. 6401, poses; and for her relief-to the Comllllttee on War C1Ja1ms. .A: bill (H. R. 8541) to define the rights of p~rchasers of the Belt Alsa petition of Thomas McCall and papers, to accompany Railway, and for other purposes. House bill No. 6031, for relief-to the Committee on Military Af The message further announced that the House had passed the fairs. following billB; in which it requested the concurrence of the Sen- By Mr. TODD: Petition of. the Mic?igan ~i?ve 9ompany, ~f ate: - Detroit Mich. protesting agamst certam proVlSlOns m House bill A bill (H. R. 10350) to enable volunteer soldiers dUI·ing the war No. 101bo, kn~wn as the war-revenue bill-to the Committee on with Spain to vote at Congressional elections; and Ways and Means. A bill (H. R. 10608) to amend section 10 of an act approved Also petition of the State Millers' Association of Michigan, in April 22, 1898, entitled "An act to provide for temporarily increas favor df the pure-food bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. ing the military establishment of the United States in time of war, By Mr. WARD: Papers to accompany House bill for the relief and for other purposes." • of William A. Wheeler-to the Committee on War Claims. The message also announced that the House had passed a con current resolution to print 32,000 copies of an act entitled "An act SEN.ATE. to provide ways and means to meet war expenditures, and for other purposes;" in which it requested the concurrence of the :MoNDAY, June 13? 1898. Senate. Prayer by Rev. J. B. STITT, D. D., of the city of Wa.shingto!l· The message further announced that the House had passed a The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of the proceedmgs concurrent resolution authorizing and directing the enrolling of Friday last, when, on motion ?f Mr. lli~SBROUGH,_and by unan clerk of the House to em·oll the act (H. R. 10100) to provide ways imous consent, the further readmg was diSpensed w1th. and means to meet war expenditures, and for other purposes, in accordance with the text of said act as submitted to both Houses OFFICIAL RECORDS OF UNIO~ AND CONFEDERATE ARMIES. in connection with the report of the managers of the two Houses The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following on the disa-greeing votes; in which it requested the concurrence of concurrent resolution of the House of Representatives; which the Senate. was read, and referred to the Committee on Printing: ENROLLED BILLS SIG 'ED. Resolved by tke House of Represe1'}-tatives (t"'!-e Senate concu;ring), That the The messa-ge also announced that the Speaker of the House had Secretary of War is hereby authoriZed and dU'er.ted to furnish one complete ·signed the following enrolled bills; and they were thereupon set of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies to each Sen ator, Representative, and Delegate of the F?fty-fifth Congre~s not already signed by the Vice-President: entitled by law to receive the same; and he 1s further authorized to use for A bill (H. R. 1271) granting a pension to Clara A. Short; this purpose such incomplete sets as remain unsold or un~lled for _by t.J?.e A bill (H. R. 2669) granting an increase of pension to Henry H. beneficiaries designated to receive them under the author1ty con tamed m the several acts of Congress providing for the distribution and sale of this Tucker; - JJublication: Provided, That the Secretar~ of War ma~ call upon ~he Public A bill _( H. R. 4672) granting an increase of pension to Alfred D. Printer to print and bind such parts of sa1d work as will enable him to com Johnson; plete the sets herein provided for. A bill (H. R. 7007) to increase the pension of Samuel B. Davis; MESSAGE FRO~ THE HOuSE. A bill•(H. R. 8226) to make certain grants of land to the Terri- A message from the Honse of Represent.atives, by Mr. H. L. tory of New Mexico, and f~r other: purposes; . . . . - OvERSTREET, one of its clerks, announced that the House had A bill (H. R. 8680) grantmg an mcrease of penswn to Wilham agreed to the reports of the committees of conference on the ills Tompkins; and . . agreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Sen A bill (H. R. 8871) for a survey for a channel leading from Sh1p ate to the following bills: Island Harbor, Mississippi, to the railroad pier at Gulfport, Miss., A bill (H. R. 378) granting a pension to Lowell H. Hopkinson; a-nd t.o Biloxi, Miss., and for a survey of Ship Island Pass.