DOCSLIB.ORG

Complete Works, Vol. 2 the Spirit of Laws [1748]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Complete Works, Vol. 2 the Spirit of Laws [1748] The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, Complete Works, vol. 2 The Spirit of Laws [1748] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. LIBERTY FUND, INC. 8335 Allison Pointe Trail, Suite 300 Indianapolis, Indiana 46250-1684 Online Library of Liberty: Complete Works, vol. 2 The Spirit of Laws Edition Used: The Complete Works of M. de Montesquieu (London: T. Evans, 1777), 4 vols. Vol. 2. Author: Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu About This Title: This is volume 2 from the Complete Works. The Spirit of Laws is Montesquieu’s best known work in which he reflects on the influence of climate on society, the separation of political powers, and the need for checks on a powerful executive office. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 2 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/838 Online Library of Liberty: Complete Works, vol. 2 The Spirit of Laws About Liberty Fund: Liberty Fund, Inc. is a private, educational foundation established to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. Copyright Information: The text is in the public domain. Fair Use Statement: This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 3 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/838 Online Library of Liberty: Complete Works, vol. 2 The Spirit of Laws Table Of Contents The Spirit of Laws. Book XX.: Of Laws In Relation to Commerce, Considered In Its Nature and Distinctions. Chap. I.: Of Commerce. Chap. II.: Of the Spirit of Commerce. Chap. III.: Of the Poverty of the People. Chap. IV.: Of Commerce In Different Governments. Chap. V.: Of Nations That Have Entered Into an œconomical Commerce. Chap. VI.: Some Effects of an Extensive Navigation. Chap. VII.: The Spirit of England, With Respect to Commerce. Chap. VIII.: In What Manner the œconomical Commerce Has Been Sometimes Restrained. Chap. IX.: Of the Prohibition of Commerce. Chap. X.: An Institution Adapted to œconomical Commerce. Chap. XI.: The Same Subject Continued. Chap. XII.: Of the Freedom of Commerce. Chap. XIII.: What It Is That Destroys This Liberty. Chap. XIV.: The Laws of Commerce Concerning the Confiscation of Merchandises. Chap. XV.: Of Seizing the Persons of Merchants. Chap. XVI.: An Excellent Law. Chap. XVII.: A Law of Rhodes. Chap. XVIII.: Of the Judges of Commerce. Chap. XIX.: That a Prince Ought Not to Engage Himself In Commerce. Chap. XX.: The Same Subject Continued. Chap. XXI.: Of the Commerce of the Nobility In a Monarchy. Chap. XXII.: A Singular Reflection. Chap. XXIII.: To What Nations Commerce Is Prejudicial. Book XXI.: Of Laws Relative to Commerce, Considered In the Revolutions It Has Met With In the World. Chap. I.: Some General Considerations. Chap. II.: Of the People of Africa. Chap. III.: That the Wants of the People In the South Are Different From Those of the North. Chap. IV.: The Principal Difference Between the Commerce of the Ancients and the Moderns. Chap. V.: Other Differences. Chap. VI.: Of the Commerce of the Ancients. Chap. VII.: Of the Commerce of the Greeks. Chap. VIII.: Of Alexander. His Conquest. Chap. IX.: Of the Commerce of the Grecian Kings After the Death of Alexander. Chap. X.: Of the Circuit of Africa. Chap. XI.: Of Carthage and Marseilles. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 4 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/838 Online Library of Liberty: Complete Works, vol. 2 The Spirit of Laws Chap. XII.: The Isle of Delos. Mithridates. Chap. XIII.: Of the Genius of the Romans As to Maritime Affairs. Chap. XIV.: Of the Genius of the Romans With Respect to Commerce. Chap. XV.: Of the Commerce of the Romans With the Barbarians. Chap. XVI.: Of the Commerce of the Romans With Arabia, and the Indies. Chap. XVII.: Of Commerce After the Destruction of the Western Empire. Chap. XVIII.: A Particular Regulation. Chap. XIX.: Of Commerce After the Decay of the Roman Power In the East. Chap. XX.: How Commerce Broke Through the Barbarism of Europe. Chap. XXI.: The Discovery of Two New Worlds, and In What Manner Europe Is Affected By It. Chap. XXII.: Of the Riches Which Spain Drew From America. Chap. XXIII.: A Problem. Book XXII.: Of Laws In Relation to the Use of Money. Chap. I.: The Reason of the Use of Money. Chap. II.: Of the Nature of Money. Chap. III.: Of Ideal Money. Chap. IV.: Of the Quantity of Gold and Silver. Chap. V.: The Same Subject Continued. Chap. VI.: The Reason Why Interest Was Lowered One Half After the Conquest of the Indies. Chap. VII.: How the Price of Things Is Fixed In the Variation of the Sign of Riches. Chap. VIII.: The Same Subject Continued. Chap. IX.: Of the Relative Scarcity of Gold and Silver. Chap. X.: Of Exchange. Chap. XI.: Of the Proceedings of the Romans With Respect to Money. Chap. XII.: The Circumstances In Which the Romans Changed the Value of Their Specie. Chap. XIII.: Proceedings With Respect to Money In the Time of the Emperors. Chap. XIV.: How the Exchange Is a Constraint On Despotic Power. Chap. XV.: The Practice of Some Countries In Italy Chap. XVI.: The Assistance a State May Derive From Bankers. Chap. XVII.: Of Public Debts. Chap. XVIII.: Of the Payment of Public Debts. Chap. XIX.: Of Lending Upon Interest. Chap. XX.: Of Maritime Usury. Chap. XXI.: Of Lending By Contract, and the State of Usury Amongst the Romans. Chap. XXII.: The Same Subject Continued. Book XXIII.: Of Laws In the Relation They Bear to the Number of Inhabitants. Chap. I.: Of Men and Animals, With Respect to Multiplication of Their Species. Chap. II.: Of Marriage. Chap. III.: Of the Condition of Children. Chap. IV.: Of Families. Chap. V.: Of the Several Orders of Lawful Wives. Chap. VI.: Of Bastards In Different Governments. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 5 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/838 Online Library of Liberty: Complete Works, vol. 2 The Spirit of Laws Chap. VII.: Of the Father’s Consent to Marriage. Chap. VIII.: The Same Subject Continued. Chap. IX.: Of Young Women. Chap. X.: What It Is That Determines to Marriage. Chap. XI.: Of the Severity of Government. Chap. XII.: Of the Number of Males and Females In Different Countries. Chap. XIII.: Of Sea-port Towns. Chap. XIV.: Of the Productions of the Earth Which Require a Greater Or Less Number of Men. Chap. XV.: Of the Number of Inhabitants With Relation to the Arts. Chap. XVI.: The Concern of the Legislator In the Propagation of the Species. Chap. XVII.: Of Greece, and the Number of Its Inhabitants. Chap. XVIII.: Of the State and Number of People Before the Romans. Chap. XIX.: Of the Depopulation of the Globe. Chap. XX.: That the Romans Were Under a Necessity of Making Laws, to Encourage the Propagation of the Species. Chap. XXI.: Of the Laws of the Romans Relating to the Propagation of the Species. Chap. XXII.: Of the Exposing of Children. Chap. XXIII.: Of the State of the World After the Destruction of the Romans. Chap. XXIV.: The Changes Which Happened In Europe, With Regard to the Number of the Inhabitants. Chap. XXV.: The Same Subject Continued. Chap. XXVI.: Consequences. Chap. XXVII.: Of the Law Made In France to Encourage the Propagation of the Species. Chap. XXVIII.: By What Means We May Remedy a Depopulation. Chap. XXIX.: Of Hospitals. Book XXIV.: Of Laws As Relative to Religion, Considered In Itself, and In Its Doctrines. Chap. I.: Of Religion In General. Chap. II.: A Paradox of Mr. Bayle’s. Chap. III.: That a Moderate Government Is Most Agreeable to the Christian Religion, and a Despotic Government to the Mahometan. Chap. IV.: Consequences From the Character of the Christian Religion, and That of the Mahometan. Chap. V.: That the Catholic Religion Is Most Agreeable to a Monarchy, and the Protestant to a Republic. Chap. VI.: Another of Mr. Bayle’s Paradoxes. Chap. VII.: Of the Laws of Perfection In Religion. Chap.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bibliographic Information Permanent URL Copyright Information
    Apian, Petrus, Cosmographia, 1550 Bibliographic information Author: Apian, Petrus Title: Cosmographia Year: 1550 City: Antwerpiae Publisher: Bontius Number of Pages: [2], 65, [1] Bl. : Ill. Permanent URL Document ID: MPIWG:WBGMR64C Permanent URL: http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/MPIWG:WBGMR64C Copyright information Copyright: Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (unless stated otherwise) License: CC-BY-SA (unless stated otherwise) Table of contents 1. Page: 0 2. COSMOG RAPHIA PETRI APIANI, PER GEMMAM FRISIVM apud Louanienſes Medicum & Mathematicum inſ iam demum ab omnibus vindicata mendis nullis quoq; locis aucta. Additis eiuſde menti libellis ipſius Gemmæ Fr Page: 3 3. Contenta in hoc libro. Page: 4 4. PETRI APIANI Page: 4 5. GEMMÆ FRISII Page: 4 6. DIDACI PYRRHI LVSI-TANI CARMEN. Page: 4 7. DISTICHON. Page: 4 8. R. D. ET ILLVST. PRINCIPI, D. Matthæo, M. Diuina Sacroſanctæ Rho. Ec-cleſiæ Tit.S. Angeli Preſ. Card. Archiepiſco po Saltzburgeñ, Ap. Sed. Legato. &c. Petrus Apianus (dictus Benewitz) ex Leyſnick Mathematicæ diſciplinæ clientu-lus, Salutem perpetuam ac ſui ipſius commenda tionem. Page: 5 9. Prima pars huius libri de Coſmographiæ & Geographiœ principijs. QVID SIT COSMOGRAPHIA, Et quo differat à Geographia & Chorographia. CAPVT PRIMVM. Page: 7 10. GEOGR APHIA QVID. Page: 8 11. CHOROGRAPHIA QVID. Page: 9 12. DE MOTV SPHÆRARVM, Cœlorumq́ue diuiſione. CAP. II. Page: 10 13. DE CIRCVLIS SPHÆRÆ. CAP. III. Page: 11 14. QVID SPHÆRA. Page: 12 15. ¶ Quid axis Sphæræ. Page: 12 16. Deſex circulis ſphæræ MAIORIBVS. Page: 12 17. ¶ De quatuor Circulis minoribus. Page: 13 18. ¶ Sequitur materialis figura Circulorum Sphæræ. Page: 13 19. ¶ Diuiſionis præmiſſæ formula in plano extenſa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Daily Cardinal. Vol. X, No. 122 March 16, 1901
    The daily cardinal. Vol. X, No. 122 March 16, 1901 Madison, Wisconsin: [s.n.], March 16, 1901 https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/YSX6ORO7MD6K38E http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ The libraries provide public access to a wide range of material, including online exhibits, digitized collections, archival finding aids, our catalog, online articles, and a growing range of materials in many media. When possible, we provide rights information in catalog records, finding aids, and other metadata that accompanies collections or items. However, it is always the user's obligation to evaluate copyright and rights issues in light of their own use. 728 State Street | Madison, Wisconsin 53706 | library.wisc.edu -_— F f : OF OR aR Be Sg CRS re Bee Saat m BONG GARD One oe RIS Oe AD te ear Ea Maney ee ae rer OR re i eee i Po Lee oO ill eae Ee ern er mete Ser oer Ser nme Asam Nee LAR Mane ene eck We es eS = : > eee 3 Speen esaan! , eae £ 2 ¥ i ¢ ae F ; ‘ : ie » ¢ * a & 4 / : ai <0 aaa {UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. 4 ; my ee I aca Ming ee NCR g piers Ss EARS ERS HERI at ye RAEI S a Oe ee eae so ee cee REIS DORR at Sha RAN a gr a i ea ee : i a VOL: NOM122.| J MADISON. WIS., SATURDAY, AT MARCH 16, 1901. | Price Five Cents. ee a ee RRR TAS peer el ; a8 og MISS LOEB WINS | pubtie ublic | ea charitiessall toe at reveal Forel rand | gigs SIEGE OF PEKING | Clough and Arnold.
    [Show full text]
  • Theodore Parker's Man-Making Strategy: a Study of His Professional Ministry in Selected Sermons
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1993 Theodore Parker's Man-Making Strategy: A Study of His Professional Ministry in Selected Sermons John Patrick Fitzgibbons Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss Part of the Literature in English, North America Commons Recommended Citation Fitzgibbons, John Patrick, "Theodore Parker's Man-Making Strategy: A Study of His Professional Ministry in Selected Sermons" (1993). Dissertations. 3283. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/3283 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1993 John Patrick Fitzgibbons Theodore Parker's Man-Making Strategy: A Study of His Professional Ministry in Selected Sermons by John Patrick Fitzgibbons, S.J. A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Chicago, Illinois May, 1993 Copyright, '°1993, John Patrick Fitzgibbons, S.J. All rights reserved. PREFACE Theodore Parker (1810-1860) fashioned a strategy of "man-making" and an ideology of manhood in response to the marginalization of the professional ministry in general and his own ministry in particular. Much has been written about Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) and his abandonment of the professional ministry for a literary career after 1832. Little, however, has been written about Parker's deliberate choice to remain in the ministry despite formidable opposition from within the ranks of Boston's liberal clergy.
    [Show full text]
  • Property and Privacy of Conscience in Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws
    PROPERTY AND PRIVACY OF CONSCIENCE IN MONTESQUIEU’S SPIRIT OF THE LAWS John Matthew Peterson, Ph.D. University of Dallas, 2018 Director: Joshua Parens Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws is a sprawling work with six untitled and seemingly unconnected parts. How are these parts related, and how, especially, does the sixth part, on the history of Roman, French, and Feudal laws, relate to the other parts? In particular, why does Montesquieu pay special attention to the evolving understanding of property in these different legal environments, and what might his treatment of this subject have to do with his more well-known treatments of liberty, commerce, and religion? This dissertation offers answers to these questions through a close reading of the text of Spirit of the Laws, paying particular attention to Montesquieu’s use of the figure of the barbarian in parts 6, 2, and 3, and connecting these passages to books 11–12, on political liberty, and portions of book 26 on political and civil law. It connects Montesquieu’s arguments in support of political liberty—in which he implicitly makes common cause with thinkers like Hobbes and Locke—with the more determinist, historicist, and even sociological portions of his work, which have inspired a different strand of political philosophy. Finally, it gives an account of how parts 4 and 5, on commerce and religion, are based upon the first half of the book. This investigation yields the following conclusions: Montesquieu reinterprets the history of law in Europe in order to separate out the barbarian spirit from its Christian and Roman admixtures and translate it into the modern context.
    [Show full text]
  • Commerce 2009 Combined AR
    2009 annual report anD form 10-k commerce inc. BancShareS, 2009 annual report anD form report annual 10 -k positioned for growth commerce BancShareS, inc. 1000 Walnut p.o. Box 419248 kanSaS city, mo 64141-6248 Phone: (816) 234-2000 (800) 892-7100 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.commercebank.com An Equal Opportunity Employer MK2909 COMPANY PROFILE SEVEN KEY MARKETS 1. Kansas City 2. St. Louis 3. Peoria/Bloomington 4. Springfield 5. Wichita 6. Tulsa Branch Footprint 7. Denver Extended Market Area Commerce Bancshares, Inc. operates as a super- financial products to consumer and commercial community bank offering an array of sophisticated customers, including lending, payment processing, financial products delivered with high-quality, trust, brokerage and capital markets services. personal customer service. The company’s customer Serving its customers from 374 locations in Missouri, promise ask listen solve is not just its brand but Kansas, Illinois, Oklahoma and Colorado and from also its corporate focus. With this platform, Commerce commercial offices throughout the nation’s mid- is continually building its long-term franchise while section, Commerce uses a variety of delivery platforms paying strict attention to asset quality and expense including an expansive ATM network, full-featured management. Commerce provides a full range of online banking and a central contact center. COMMERCE BANCSHARES, INC. AT A GLANCE • $18.1 billion in assets • 90% of the company’s profitability comes from • Super-community bank seven key markets including Kansas City; • 374 locations St. Louis; Peoria/Bloomington, Illinois; Springfield, • 5,125 full-time equivalent (FTE) employees Missouri; Wichita, Kansas; Tulsa, Oklahoma; and Denver, Colorado.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavery in White and Black Class and Race in the Southern Slaveholders’ New World Order
    This page intentionally left blank Slavery in White and Black Class and Race in the Southern Slaveholders’ New World Order Southern slaveholders proudly pronounced themselves orthodox Chris- tians, who accepted responsibility for the welfare of the people who worked for them. They proclaimed that their slaves enjoyed a better and more secure life than any laboring class in the world. Now, did it not follow that the lives of laborers of all races across the world would be immea- surably improved by their enslavement? In the Old South, but in no other slave society, a doctrine emerged among leading clergymen, politicians, and intellectuals, “Slavery in the Abstract,” which declared enslavement the best possible condition for all labor regardless of race. They joined the socialists, whom they studied, in believing that the free-labor system, wracked by worsening class warfare, was collapsing. A vital question: To what extent did the people of the several social classes of the South accept so extreme a doctrine? That question lies at the heart of this book. Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941–2007) was Eleonore Raoul Professor of the Humanities at Emory University, where she was founding director of Women’s Studies. She served on the Governing Council of the National Endowment for the Humanities (2002–2007). In 2003, President George W. Bush awarded her a National Humanities Medal; the Georgia State Senate honored her with a special resolution of appreciation for her contri- butions as a scholar, teacher, and citizen of Georgia; and the fellowship of Catholic Scholars bestowed on her its Cardinal Wright Award.
    [Show full text]
  • Montesquieu on the History and Geography of Political Liberty
    Montesquieu on the History and Geography of Political Liberty Author: Rebecca Clark Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103616 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2012 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Department of Political Science MONTESQUIEU ON THE HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL LIBERTY A dissertation by REBECCA RUDMAN CLARK submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2012 © Copyright by REBECCA RUDMAN CLARK 2012 Abstract Montesquieu on the History and Geography of Political Liberty Rebecca R. Clark Dissertation Advisor: Christopher Kelly Montesquieu famously presents climate and terrain as enabling servitude in hot, fertile climes and on the exposed steppes of central Asia. He also traces England’s exemplary constitution, with its balanced constitution, independent judiciary, and gentle criminal practices, to the unique conditions of early medieval northern Europe. The English “found” their government “in the forests” of Germany. There, the marginal, variegated terrain favored the dispersion of political power, and a pastoral way of life until well into the Middle Ages. In pursuing a primitive honor unrelated to political liberty as such, the barbaric Franks accidentally established the rudiments of the most “well-tempered” government. His turn to these causes accidental to human purposes in Parts 3-6 begins with his analysis of the problem of unintended consequences in the history of political reform in Parts 1-2. While the idea of balancing political powers in order to prevent any one individual or group from dominating the rest has ancient roots, he shows that it has taken many centuries to understand just what needs to be balanced, and to learn to balance against one threat without inviting another.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges and Opportunities for American Lawyers in China
    Indiana Law Journal Volume 73 Issue 4 Article 5 Fall 1998 Inspiring Global Professionalism: Challenges and Opportunities for American Lawyers in China Cynthia Losure Baraban Indiana University School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Legal Profession Commons Recommended Citation Baraban, Cynthia Losure (1998) "Inspiring Global Professionalism: Challenges and Opportunities for American Lawyers in China," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 73 : Iss. 4 , Article 5. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol73/iss4/5 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Inspiring Global Professionalism: Challenges and Opportunities for American Lawyers in China CYNTHIA LosuRE BARABAN" INTRODUCTION As noise from the busy Beijing streets filters into the law office, the American attorney studies the detailed government form. In the form, the Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China demands to know the names of the attorney's clients, the location and nature of the clients' projects, and the amount of investment behind the projects.' The attorney, accustomed to greater autonomy from the government and stricter client-confidentiality rules, knows the form complicates her relationship with American business clients.2 This client questionnaire is only one example of China's efforts to restrict the activities of foreign lawyers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Handbook of Greek and Roman Coins
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library CJ 237.H64 A handbook of Greek and Roman coins. 3 1924 021 438 399 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924021438399 f^antilioofcs of glrcfjaeologj) anU Antiquities A HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND ROMAN COINS A HANDBOOK OF GREEK AND ROMAN COINS G. F. HILL, M.A. OF THE DEPARTMENT OF COINS AND MEDALS IN' THE bRITISH MUSEUM WITH FIFTEEN COLLOTYPE PLATES Hon&on MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY l8 99 \_All rights reserved'] ©jcforb HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY PREFACE The attempt has often been made to condense into a small volume all that is necessary for a beginner in numismatics or a young collector of coins. But success has been less frequent, because the knowledge of coins is essentially a knowledge of details, and small treatises are apt to be un- readable when they contain too many references to particular coins, and unprofltably vague when such references are avoided. I cannot hope that I have passed safely between these two dangers ; indeed, my desire has been to avoid the second at all risk of encountering the former. At the same time it may be said that this book is not meant for the collector who desires only to identify the coins which he happens to possess, while caring little for the wider problems of history, art, mythology, and religion, to which coins sometimes furnish the only key.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum
    Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum Faya Causey With technical analysis by Jeff Maish, Herant Khanjian, and Michael R. Schilling THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM, LOS ANGELES This catalogue was first published in 2012 at http: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data //museumcatalogues.getty.edu/amber. The present online version Names: Causey, Faya, author. | Maish, Jeffrey, contributor. | was migrated in 2019 to https://www.getty.edu/publications Khanjian, Herant, contributor. | Schilling, Michael (Michael Roy), /ambers; it features zoomable high-resolution photography; free contributor. | J. Paul Getty Museum, issuing body. PDF, EPUB, and MOBI downloads; and JPG downloads of the Title: Ancient carved ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum / Faya catalogue images. Causey ; with technical analysis by Jeff Maish, Herant Khanjian, and Michael Schilling. © 2012, 2019 J. Paul Getty Trust Description: Los Angeles : The J. Paul Getty Museum, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references. | Summary: “This catalogue provides a general introduction to amber in the ancient world followed by detailed catalogue entries for fifty-six Etruscan, Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Greek, and Italic carved ambers from the J. Paul Getty Museum. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a The volume concludes with technical notes about scientific copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4 investigations of these objects and Baltic amber”—Provided by .0/. Figures 3, 9–17, 22–24, 28, 32, 33, 36, 38, 40, 51, and 54 are publisher. reproduced with the permission of the rights holders Identifiers: LCCN 2019016671 (print) | LCCN 2019981057 (ebook) | acknowledged in captions and are expressly excluded from the CC ISBN 9781606066348 (paperback) | ISBN 9781606066355 (epub) BY license covering the rest of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Yale University B0082
    U.S. Department of Education Washington, D.C. 20202-5335 APPLICATION FOR GRANTS UNDER THE National Resource Centers and Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships CFDA # 84.015A PR/Award # P015A180082 Gramts.gov Tracking#: GRANT12659441 OMB No. , Expiration Date: Closing Date: Jun 25, 2018 PR/Award # P015A180082 **Table of Contents** Form Page 1. Application for Federal Assistance SF-424 e3 2. Standard Budget Sheet (ED 524) e6 3. Assurances Non-Construction Programs (SF 424B) e8 4. Disclosure Of Lobbying Activities (SF-LLL) e10 5. ED GEPA427 Form e11 Attachment - 1 (1244-GEPA Statement2018) e12 6. Grants.gov Lobbying Form e13 7. Dept of Education Supplemental Information for SF-424 e14 8. ED Abstract Narrative Form e15 Attachment - 1 (1246-CES FLAS Abstract) e16 9. Project Narrative Form e18 Attachment - 1 (1245-CES FLAS Budget Narrative) e19 10. Other Narrative Form e67 Attachment - 1 (1234-InformationToMeetStatutoryRequirements (9)) e68 Attachment - 2 (1235-FLAS Applicant Profile) e71 Attachment - 3 (1236-Acronyms ESC) e72 Attachment - 4 (1237-Bojanowska CV 2018) e74 Attachment - 5 (1238-BIOS ForAPPwithTOC_YaleESC) e85 Attachment - 6 (1239-LetterOfReferenceMinjinHashbat) e244 Attachment - 7 (1240-LetterOfReferenceNellekeVanDeusen-Scholl) e246 Attachment - 8 (1241-LetterOfReferenceConstantineMuravnik) e248 Attachment - 9 (1242-CouncilMemberList) e250 Attachment - 10 (1243-CourseListForAPP_ALLYaleESC) e253 11. Budget Narrative Form e317 Attachment - 1 (1247-Section C Budget Narrative) e318 This application was generated using the PDF functionality. The PDF functionality automatically numbers the pages in this application. Some pages/sections of this application may contain 2 sets of page numbers, one set created by the applicant and the other set created by e-Application's PDF functionality.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reconsideration of Montesquieu's Liberal
    ABSTRACT A RECONSIDERATION OF MONTESQUIEU’S LIBERAL PACIFISM James Boesen, PhD Department of Political Science Northern Illinois University, 2017 Andrea Radasanu, Director Liberal international relations scholars have posited that liberalism promotes peaceful relations amongst states. These scholars utilize the writings of Montesquieu, most notably Spirit of the Laws, as the philosophic foundation for their liberal peace theory. My dissertation challenges this conventional understanding of Montesquieu. I contend that Montesquieu’s liberalism does not bind nations together in peace but instead pushes liberal states to engage in expansionary and imperial behavior. Mores rooted in commerce and liberty inclines liberal state to be in contention with other states and push its interests across the globe. This will lead the liberal states to push their liberalism into countries which opposes these liberal mores, leading to the forced imposition of the liberal order on previous illiberal people. Furthermore, I challenge the notion that the liberal peace theory is even a theory of peace. It suffers from the same expansionary behavior and insensitivity to local contexts that we find in Montesquieu’s liberalism. Although Montesquieu and liberal peace scholars have strong oppositions to the project of empire they still advocate for a liberal ideology that inevitably leads to said empire. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2017 A RECONSIDERATION OF MONTESQUIEU’S LIBERAL PACIFISM BY JAMES BOESEN ©2017 James Boesen A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF POLITITCAL SCIENCE Doctoral Director: Andrea Radasanu DEDICATION To my brother Brad Boesen for inspiring in me a love of politics and my mentor Dr.
    [Show full text]