'AdlbCcDdEeffGgHhliJjKkLIMmNnOoPp Qy RrSsTt LJuVvWwXxYy Zz1234567890&fECESS(£%!?0[1 PUBLISHED BY INTERNATIONALTYPEFACE CORPORATION, VOLUME NINE, NUMBER TWO, JUNE 1982 UPPER AND LOWER CASE. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TYPOGRAPHICS
Ludwig von Michel (shown, below) organized all of Mozart's compositions into a long fist: a Michel Listing. We've gone a step further and organized Mozart into an 8-page color section starting on page 36. 2 EDITORIAL
VOLUME NINE. NUMBER TWO, JUNE. 1982
EDITOR: EDWARD GOTTSCHALL ART DIRECTOR: BOB FARBER TYPOG EDITORIAL/DESIGN CONSULTANTS: LOUIS DORFSMAN, ALAN PECKOLICK EDITORIAL DIRECTORS: AARON BURNS. EDWARD RONDTHALER ASSOCIATE EDITOR: MARION MULLER CONTRIBUTING EDITOR: ALLAN HALEY RESEARCH DIRECTOR: RHODA SPARSER LUBALIN BUSINESS MANAGER: JOHN PRENTKI ADVERTISING/PRODUCTION MANAGER: HELENA WALLSCHLAG RAPITY ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR: JULIET TRAVISON ART/PRODUCTION: ILENE MEHL, ANDREA COSTA. SID TIMM SUBSCRIPTIONS: ELOISE COLEMAN
©INTERNATIONAL TYPEFACE CORPORATION 1982 PUBLISHED FOUR TIMES A YEAR IN MARCH. JUNE, SEPTEMBER AND DECEMBER BY INTERNATIONAL.TYPEFACE CORPORATION NEEDS TO BE 2 HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA. NEW YORK, NY 10017 A JOINTLY OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF LUBALIN, BURNS G CO.. INC. AND PHOTO-LETTERING. INC. CONTROLLED CIRCULATION POSTAGE PAID AT NEW YORK, NY AND AT FARMINGDALE. NV USTS PURL 073430 ISSN 0362-6245 PUBLISHED IN USA ITC FOUNDERS: FELT AARON BURNS. PRESIDENT EDWARD RONDTHALER, CHAIRMAN EMERITUS HERB LUBALIN EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT 1970-1981
ITC OFFICERS 1982: GEORGE SOHN, CHAIRMAN AARON BURNS. PRESIDENT EDWARD GOTTSCHALL. EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT BOB FARBER, SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT ith all the current em- JOHN PRENTKI. VICE PRESIDENT. FINANCE AND GENERAL MANAGER EDWARD BENGUIAT. VICE PRESIDENT W phasis (ours included) on technologies, one needs to be U.S. SINGLE COPIES 51.50 ELSEWHERE, SINGLE COPIES 52.50 TO QUALIFY FOR FREE SUBSCRIPTION COMPLETE AND RETURN constantly reminded that typography is an essential THE SUBSCRIPTION FORM IN THIS ISSUE TO ITC OR WRITE TO THE ITC EXECUTIVE OFFICE, 2 HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA. NEW YORK, NY 10017 and powerful force for increasing communication MICROFILM COPIES OF U&LC MAY BE OBTAINED FROM MICRO PHOTO DIVISION. BELLE. HOWELL, OLD MANSFIELD ROAD, WOOSTER, OH 44691 effectiveness. That is its essential role. Improved tech- nologies are only means towards that end. In this issue: Editorial n this regard a pro- Typography needs to be felt. The emotional impact of I the letterforms and the way they are put together vocative and very quotable editorial appeared in greatly affects the effectiveness of the message they the March/April issue in 1981 of Typografische represent. Page 2. Monatsblatter,' the Swiss journal of typography. In it, Thoughts Helmut Schmidt includes the following observations. gb ponder, feed on, muse about or file away for future contemplation. Page 3. Chess-People he message needs inter- 1500 years of warfare without a casualty! A brief pretation.“...not interpretation as a masquerade of review of the armies, with special emphasis on the Knights. Page 4. typefaces but interpretation as an evaluation of content. Interpretation in the sense of discovering Cut...Paste...Pow! the message which has been broken up into essential, An inspired illustrator and collagist reveals his minor and insignificant thoughts. Interpretation sources. Page 10. not only in advertising but also in literature, and Insects ideally a close collaboration between form and Whatever you may think of them, they are creatures content:' beloved by their mothers as well as entomologists, writers, poets, and the illustrator Bernard Darin. Page 14. To bawl, to whisper. Letters "...To bawl and to whisper, quickly and slowly, all these Pleas, requests, warnings and other expressions of are expressions of verbal communication. Reading interest from our readers. Page 16. matter will also have to bawl and whisper, will have Capitalizing on Insects to run and to stroll, will have to emerge quietly and lovingly as esthetic experiences." Another insect fancier presses them into service. Page 18. 44 Something for Everybody ypography lives its own Remarkable Words with Astonishing Origins, by T John Train, aptly and amusingly illustrated by esthetic life next to the functional typography, the Lionel Kalish. Page 20. typography of messages. We read words and sentences Artists in Wonderland but are not aware of the formal qualities of typefaces A visit to a computer graphics research and as long as letters are lined up in order to convey a development center, where artists use "wands" and message:' work of days is produced in seconds, Page 22. Puzzle To be audible, to be felt. Compose yourself and concentrate on finding the "Typography need not only be visible and legible. 80 composers hidden in the letter grid. Page 26. Typography needs to be audible. Typography needs Ex Libris to be felt. Typography needs to be experienced. You can't judge books by their covers, but you can Typography today does not mean to place, typog- learn a lot about owners if their book plates are raphy today means to portray?' designed by Andrzej Kot. Page 28. What's New From ITC ITC Modern No. 216"" is a classical revival, created by t its best, typography Ed Benguiat, with all the dignity and grace of earlier A "Moderns" plus up-to-date modifications. Page 30. today is a wonderful blend of art and technology. And that is nothing new It was that way when ideograms The Saga of Two Mo's were cut in tablets, or letters were chiseled in stone The colossal genius Mozart is the subject of versatile or penned on papyrus or scrolls. We just need to virtuoso Mo Lebowitz. Cover, concept, copy and design—all created by our guest art director, remember that long before today's technologies were Lebowitz. Page 36. just ideas, and long after they are obsolete, the artist will have to manipulate some technology so that This issue of U8cic was mailed to 180,000 readers: 148,000 in the United States and Canada, and 32,000 abroad. It will be read by typography will be seen, and read, and understood, over 500,000 people. and, to be truly effective, be felt.
TABLE OF CONTENTS AND EDITORIAL SET IN ITC MODERN NO. 216"" MASTHEAD SET IN ITC NEVVTEXT" (REDUCED).
THOUGHTS
Art If you is a lie think which education makes is expensive us realize try the truth. ignorance... PICASSO
Man has In the fields never of printing reconciled and graphic design himself it is generally to the agreed.that ten the poet commandments. in our midst WILL AND ARIEL DURANT is the type designer. NOEL MARTIN ILLUSTRATIONS BY WALLY NEIBART THESE PAGES WERE SET IN ITC MODERN NO. 216 ,',
4 CHESS- PEOPLE
*As long as anyone can remem- simply, it's a game of war! It in- ber, the pieces used in the volves attack... defense... and the game of chess have been called object of all the maneuvers is to cap- chessmen. But in this day and ture the opponent's King. It is a age of aroused feminine con- game of wit, skill and consuming sciousness, it is necessary to concentration. Even a minute dis- set a wrong to right. The traction, such as heavy breathing Queen by an opponent, has sent tourna- has been a part of the ment players into tantrums at the action for over 900 years. She unfair psychological diversion. is also, without question, the That's how serious the game can be. most powerful piece on the he strategy and chessboard. It behooves us to tools of modern war- revise the name and make Tfare notwithstanding, amends for centuries of warfare on the chessboard is con- neglect; hence, chesspeople. ducted essentially in the same man- ner as it has been for centuries. The ven those of us who are total ignoramuses Eabout the strategy and intrigue in the game of chess, know what it's about—purely and
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The illustrations by Frank Riccio are adapted from photographs from the picture collection of the New York Public Library and from photographs in the book Chessmen, by Frank Greygoose G 1979 by Frank Greygoose, published by David & Charles, Ltd., Great Britain.
the playing pieces have varied in on which animal was indigenous to cised considerable power in affairs exact facts about the origin of the of state, a Bishop replaced the origi- game are murky. But it is generally strange and fascinating ways. the locale) and a charioteer or or design-oriented rukhkh at the extreme flanks. In nal counselor at the King's side. accepted that a version of the game The King's castle replaced the char- was played in India as early as people, it is the evo- front of this hierarchy stood a line ution of the chess- of foot soldiers. ioteer at the extreme flanks, but 500 A.D. It spread to Persia, Fl retained the name "rook" from the chess, people that is probably more era to era, and where it acquired the name, rukhkh. And during this from the Persian word for King, interesting than the evolution of the country to country, original he characterization chivalrous age, the soldier on horse- Shah. Arabic peoples learned the game itself From the earliest ver- Ft sions of the game, the cast of char- of chesspeople varied reflecting back became the Knight—a most game when they conquered Persia essential figure in the defense of the in the 7th century and carried it acters has included an all powerful political, social and cultural insti- with them into Europe when they figure—a King—standing at the tutions. In Medieval Europe, for King's domain. center of his army. He was aided instance, when the Church exer- in hundreds of years, invaded Spain in the 10th century. the moves and objec- There is also reason to believe that and abetted by a counselor on either side, a soldier mounted on an ltives of the game the game was introduced into Europe have hardly varied. But the images by traders and travelers returning elephant, horse or camel (depending 1171)1111'1'(11111'1"71111\1111(1' 111 """1111 in which the pieces were created from the Byzantine world. What- ( 1,111 ccl i\\ , 11)1 11 111 ► show tremendous breadth of imagi- ever the origins, the nature of the rrr nation and skill. Indian and Per- game has remained much the same sian sets created for fabulously for hundreds of years, although 4,\\11\lr ) 411',1 wealthy potentates were marvels of 1\lil' ■1 'iiciIIiii( , (,,,,,„d1. \,\11(s'll
Il'ill'I'lli 1,1 ;:.:1'S .1, : .,, 11 (t1.11(ttiiic Illilliii III /ii*.- 1 I U 1H1111111111111(11 11111 111?1 1 I,141kq iii"1\1111111)1111 \11111111\ 1 1 \1\1191 II 1 :::j: I k 111„1111 1 \1111(1 11111:11111111 I 111111 i 11,il I I i 11 I II 1 s i i ia. 11 l'ill(111 illit)ii II I , l7''frewiso.,..: ,,,,,-,i:A ;IA% 1 I ;0 \‘'‘'.;”:— ;.. , " 'Ill \\i\ \1.\ ,`..i illui , „ „.....,„,...... _. )111111'hq III \I \I'll\ IiiViii11))1 1iIi i 19th century Indian 6
craftsmanship, with figures rendered ing, tooling and indulging flights of lain, ivory, bone, jade, glass, amber, in minute, painstaking detail. But fancy and extravagant techniques. ebony, malachite, marble, silver, in Arabic countries, where Islamic Exquisitely carved sets were also pro- gold, stainless steel and wood, of law forbids the representation of duced in China, Burma and Africa. course, to mention just a few. In human forms, chess pieces were he materials used in size, chess sets have varied from designed in the abstract. When the creating chesspeople miniature pocket sets (board game took hold in Europe, crafts- Thave been as varied included) to life-sized figures. And men again showed their stuff; carv- as the designs themselves. Porce- there are actual cases on record
lam century German
7
•r , • - "7//trrirrzrowl.. ' • r -
Late 14th/early 15th century; probably British 19th century Chinese 8
where games were played as an the parade of knights across these on rearing horses. And finally, the ccording to Mr. outdoor sport, with living people pages indicates some of the phases Knights have been dislodged from Frank Greygoose, standing in for chesspeople. in the evolution ofjust that one their mounts and only the horses a British expert and here isn't enough A piece. Among the versions that have remain. It is curious that when collector, whose book, Chessmen, space here to give been collected, there are Knights in chess sets were standardized for is a gold mine of fascinating facts, Tyou even an inkling full armor, without horses; Knights tournament play, in 1800, all the there is one place in the world of the wondrous variety of figures on horseback, surrounded by pieces were reduced to abstract where the game of chess might not that have marched across chess- henchmen with bows and arrows; symbols; only the Knight retained be recognized without a scorecard. boards through the centuries. But Knights on stationary horses and the likeness of a horse. In the arctic, Eskimos (bless-their-
14th century, from Southern Germany 14th century; from Southern Germany 9
hearts) are a non-warlike people, tute for castles, and the front line of and the chess pieces they use reflect support, instead of foot soldiers or CHESS- their domestic, peaceable society. pawns, is a row of seals. A lovely Father and mother figures stand in image. Perhaps one day, like the PEOPLE for the King and Queen. Husky Eskimos, well all de-militarize our dogs replace the Bishops as "help- thinking, or at least play out our mates." Since horses are not a local war games solely on the chessboard. commodity, the Knights have given It is a sublimation "devoutly to way to whaleboats; igloos substi- be wished." Marion Muller
Late 19th century British THIS ARTICLE WAS SET IN ITC CUSHING. 10
Gips & Balkind for Johnson & Higgins— AD Steven Fabrizio 11
• CCIT...PASTE.. POW!
Never underestimate the value of a kindergarten education. Some of us learned lessons there never to be offered elsewhere: how to fold a flat sheet of paper to create a basket, a •• • • • • • • • • • • • table, a house... how to make paper - • chains and Japanese lanterns...how to fashion carnations out of tissue paper ... how to assemble scraps of colored paper, magazine pictures,tinsel and glitter into joyous, phantasmagorical, astonishing collages.
In the 19 years since Marc Yankus graduated from kinder- garten, he has never forgotten that it was there that his enthusiasm for cutting, pasting and assembling was sparked for the first time. There were also two other specific experiences (beyond his art education at the School of Visual Arts in New York
City) which propelled him " into collage.One was an exhibition of Joseph Cornell's work.The sight of those mysterious and esoteric images in Cornell's "boxes" prompted Yankus to start his own collection of old and unusual engravings, of which he now has a sizable library.The second event that sealed his fate was a bout with hepatitis. How does an artist, confined to bed, do his work without messing up the bed clothes? Like the bedridden Matisse, who resolved the same prob- lem by working in papier colle (paper cutouts), Marc Yankus resorted to cut- ting and pasting also.With his collec- tion of old engravings on hand, he developed his collage technique to a fare-thee-well. 12
Tiffany & Company—Window Display Barron's Weekly
13
Art Directors Club—Valentine Show T here is nothing new about col- lage, of course. But Yankus' images are singularly pecu- liar and powerful.Witches and lizards cavort through unlikely classic landscapes. Mytholog- ical characters inhabit contemporary settings. In his work, incongruity—of subject and scale—is the name of the game. Given his quirky visions and fastidious skill,Yankus has managed to turn his art form int() a surprising commercial success. He has produced illustrations for such publications as Audio Magazine, Barron's, Harper's, Ms.Magazine,The New York Times, People, Saturday Review, Scholastic, Soho Weekly News, ScienceDigest, Travel and Leisure and The Village Voice. He has also received commis- sions from the Book-of-the-Month- Club,Gips & Balkind and Associates, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,Ogilvy & Mather and Sudler & Hennessey advertising agencies.
ne may wonder how his quixotic illustrative form adapts to commercial use. Just give 0 him a subject and turn him loose with his library of engravings, his scissors and paste,and he will invariably come up with an assemblage that will arrest, confound, delight, intrigue and amuse...and be pertinent besides.
In his young career,besides his com- mercial success.Yankus has managed to win profes- sional approval as well. His work has been exhibited in the 1979-80 student show at the Soci- ety of Illustrators; at the Art Directors Club Valentine Group Show,1982; in Tiffany windows,1979,and at the Key Gallery in New York City,1980, '81 and '82. M.M. THIS ARTICLE WAS SET IN ITC KORINNA' 14
There are writers who some- times thrash about for ideas. Artists, too, sometimes have to beat the bushes for a theme. But when the French artist, Bernard Durin, took a tour of the countryside in Provence, he stirred up enough subject matter to last him a lifetime. He discovered the fantastic inexhaustible universe of insects. If you think the stars in the sky are beyond counting, multiply the number you see by one hundred, and you will only approach the number of known species of insects on earth. . about 800,000. The un- known and unclassified vari- eties would bring the count to between 2 and 4 million, with billions of individuals in each of the families. Entomologists who special- ize in studying 6-legged, creeping, crawling, flying creatures, have revealed startling facts about their life cycles and life styles. Some insects, for instance, sleep with their eyes open. But- terflies have taste organs in their feet. Many insects are deaf but katydids have ears in their forelegs just below the "knees,"and locusts hear through the sides of their abdomens. As for the honey- bees, they are not aerodynamically cor- rect for flying, but they do nevertheless, and they also see ultra-violet light which is invisible to mere humans. The literature of the world is rich in poems, prose and essays alluding to insects. Heinrich Heine, Edgar Allan Seven-Spotted Ladybird Beetle Poe, Robert Burns, Lewis Carroll, Andre Breton, Vladimir Nabokov are just some of the literary greats who have made observations about the insect kingdom. It remained for Bernard Durin, nature artist, to celebrate their visual wonders in por- traits that are larger than life. His astute observations and meticulous ren- derings are a bonanza for scientists studying details of structure. But for an artist with esthetic yearnings, the patterns, colors and textures are a feast. The insect world provides a never- ending variety of shapes, abstract de- signs and inventive structures beyond all human powers to imagine or devise. To see Bernard Durin's re- markable insect portraits in full color and full size, you might want to look into the book,Insects,Etc. published by Hudson Hills Press, New York. In addition to the spectacular illustrations, the book contains an an- thology of insect literature and a full entomological discussion of each of the 34 specimens pictured in the book. 15
Ash or Manna Cicada mill1P1"
African Long-Horned Beetle Leaf-Footed Bug
Hercules Beetle Shield Bug
Illustrations reprinted with permission from INSECTS, Etc. An Anthology of Arthropods Featuring a Bounty of Beetles by Bernard Dunn. C 1980 Schirmer/Mosel Verlag GmbH and Bernard Durin. C 1981 Hudson Hills Press.
Snout Beetle
THIS ARTICLE WAS SET IN ITC GALLIARD., ITC GARAMOND. AND ITC ZAPF CHANCERY" 16
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