IL BOMBARDAMENTO STRATEGICO Di Emilio Bonaiti

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

IL BOMBARDAMENTO STRATEGICO Di Emilio Bonaiti IL BOMBARDAMENTO STRATEGICO di Emilio Bonaiti “Qualunque cosa si dica, i bombardieri passeranno sempre. L’unica difesa è l’offesa, il che significa che dovrete uccidere donne e bambini più velocemente del nemico, se vorrete salvarvi”. Stanley Baldwin La Grande Guerra - I ‘profeti’ - Gli anni tra le due guerre - La seconda guerra mondiale - La spada - Lo scudo - L’incursione - Finis belli. In The strategic air offensive against Germany, storia ufficiale della Royal Air Force scritta da Charles Webster e Noble Frankland, vi è una chiara definizione del bombardamento strategico: “L’offensiva aerea strategica è un mezzo di attacco diretto contro lo stato nemico, con l’obiettivo di privarlo dei mezzi e della volontà di continuare la guerra. Esso può essere lo strumento che di per sé assicura la vittoria, ovvero il mezzo mediante il quale la vittoria può essere conseguita da altre forze. Esso si distingue da tutti i tipi convenzionali di attacco armato in quanto, a differenza degli altri, può colpire in modo immediato, diretto e distruttivo il cuore stesso del nemico. Pertanto la sua sfera di attività si estende non solo al di sopra, ma anche al di là di quella degli eserciti e delle marine da guerra”. Secondo i manuali il bombardamento strategico, definito anche bombardamento logistico, ha l’obiettivo di ridurre, ritardare o annullare la produzione dei mezzi bellici, dei rifornimenti, delle comunicazioni del nemico allo scopo di annullare la sua volontà di continuare nella lotta. Invero, a giudizio di chi scrive, definizione più esatta, più calzante, sarebbe quella di bombardamento terroristico, attuato allo scopo di distruggere fisicamente la popolazione civile. Il vincitore di Napoleone, Arthur Wellesley duca di Wellington, sosteneva: “Ho passato tutta la mia vita a cercare di indovinare quel che c’era dall’altra parte della collina” e questo proponimento fu fatto proprio da uomini che, dalla prima mongolfiera, guardarono “oltre la collina”. La prima esperienza risale al 5 giugno 1783, quando il pallone aeronautico di Joseph Michel e Joseph Étienne Montgolfier si staccò da terra. Nel 1794 sul campo della battaglia di Fleurus un pallone dell’esercito francese osserverà lo schieramento nemico. A distanza di un secolo, dopo i primi voli, si sostiene che l’aereo è l’arma assoluta capace di risolvere i conflitti e nel 1898 in Francia l’apprezzata rivista L’Illustration 1 dipinge a fosche tinte il pericolo. La minaccia proveniente dal cielo viene apoditticamente illustrata da Giulio Verne con Robur le conquérant e da Albert Robida con La guerre infernale. Nel 1908 H.G. Wells nel romanzo The war in the air profetizza un attacco di Zeppelin che trasforma Londra in un mare di fuoco. Nello stesso anno Clément Ader, alla luce della Revanche, la rivincita contro la Germania, ipotizza la realizzazione di una grande flotta aerea, preceduto però dal tedesco Rudolf Martin, che, con L’avenir de l’Alemagne est dans l’air, espone gli stessi principi. Nel 1909 Lord Montague of Beaulieu, in un discorso davanti alla National Defence Association, paventa un attacco aereo contro le istituzioni governative o i mezzi di comunicazione che avrebbe paralizzato la vita del paese. La minaccia imminente porta alla Convenzione di Le Havre del 1907, con la quale si interdicono gli attacchi aerei contro le città, i villaggi, le chiese, gli ospedali. Le grandi potenze si dividono: la Germania, la Francia e la Russia si oppongono, la Gran Bretagna, gli Stati Uniti e altri paesi la sottoscrivono. Si muovono i militari. Nel 1910 si organizza in Francia un Ispettorato permanete dell’aeronautica militare; in Gran Bretagna nasce nel 1912 il Royal Flying Corps; nel marzo 1913 Churchill, ministro della Marina, arriva ad ipotizzare un attacco al Parlamento e, nel suo mandato, sviluppa la branca navale dell’aviazione. Nello stesso anno in Russia si appronta una forza di bombardieri pesanti. Sarà l’esercito italiano in Libia ad effettuare il primo volo di guerra e il primo bombardamento. Il tenente Gavotti alla guida di un Taube (Colomba), progettato dall’austriaco Igo Etrich, lancia manualmente quattro bombe Cipelli da due kg. sull’oasi di Tagiura. Iniziano le dispute sulla liceità del bombardamento aereo sui centri abitati che continueranno fino ai nostri giorni. La Grande Guerra Nel corso della Grande Guerra prende piede l’aviazione militare. In un lento succedersi, i velivoli volano sulla linea del fronte e nelle retrovie incrociandosi con aerei nemici. Iniziano i primi duelli, si passa dalle pistole ai fucili alle mitragliatrici, la tecnica e la tattica si perfezionano. Si sviluppano le ricognizioni del campo di battaglia, i bombardamenti sulle città, gli attacchi al suolo, i duelli aerei che hanno un grande impatto sull’opinione pubblica con la mitizzazione degli assi. Ma il nuovo mezzo non apporta nessuna decisiva influenza alle operazioni, né nasce una nuova dottrina strategica basata sulle sue potenzialità. 2 Osserva Liddell Hart: “Parlare dell’arma aerea come forza a se stante sul piano militare non è possibile, in quanto più che un elemento strategico separato essa costituiva una specie di filo che seguiva l’intero corso delle operazioni terrestri. 1 In effetti nell’arte della guerra un nuovo sistema d’arma come l’aereo, prodotto dello sviluppo tecnologico, viene utilizzato secondo le dottrine d’impiego del momento. In Gran Bretagna l’aviazione è divisa tra il Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) della Royal Navy e il Royal Flying Corps (RFC) dell’Army. La pochezza di entrambi appare evidente poiché non sono neppure in grado di impegnare i dirigibili germanici. La rivalità tra il Service e il Corps avrà però presto fine: Lloyd George diventa primo ministro e nell’inverno 1916 crea un nuovo organismo, l’Air Board. La nascita di una forza aerea autonoma, distaccata dall’Army e dalla Navy viene proposta dal generale Jan Smuts, un nome che appare spesso nella storia della Gran Bretagna, in un Rapporto, definito Airpower Magna Carta che diventerà storico. Diviso in due parti, tratta della difesa aerea del suolo britannico e del bombardamento strategico della Germania. La base della strategia è delineata in poche parole: “It is important for the winning of the war that we should not only secure air predominance, but secure it on a very large scale; and having secured it in this war we should make every effort and sacrifice to maintain it for the future. Air supremacy may in the long run become as important a factor in the defense of the empire as sea supremacy.” Si aggiunge: “And the day may not befar off when aerial operations with their devastation of enemy lands and destruction of industrial and populous centers on a vast scale may become the principal operations of war, to which the older forms of military and naval operations may become secondary and subordinate”. Sono parole che fanno infuriare i soldati di terra e di mare, ma i politici hanno l’ultima parola e l’Air Force Constitution Bill è votato nel novembre 1917. Nel successivo gennaio nasce l’Air Council (Ministero dell’Aria) e il primo aprile 1918, “All fool day”, nasce la Royal Air Force, forza aerea indipendente, nella quale confluiscono il Royal Naval Air Service e il Royal Flying Corps. Il motto è tutto un programma: ”Strike hard - Strike sure”. Churchill, uno dei pochi uomini politici con capacità militari, alla fine del primo anno di guerra sostiene: “Essendo impossibile difendere con efficacia tutti i punti vulnerabili all’offesa aerea con la difesa passiva, la migliore politica è quella di attaccare i ricoveri dei sommergibili e le basi degli aerei nemici”. Nell’ottobre dello stesso anno ordina all’Handley Page di costruire un bombardiere per operazioni a lunga distanza ed alla fine del 1916 entra in servizio il bimotore Handley Page Type O/100, seguito dallo 0/400, una versione migliorata che si distinse nei primi bombardamenti notturni sulla Germania. Con un equipaggio di quattro o cinque uomini, armato da tre a sei 11 Liddell Hart, B. H. La prima Guerra Mondiale 1914-1918, Milano, 1968. 3 mitragliatrici, aveva un’autonomia di 1.000 chilometri e volava a una velocità di 157 chilometri orari con una quota di tangenza di 2.600 metri. Sono però i Tedeschi a dare inizio ai bombardamenti delle città, con grande indignazione dell’opinione pubblica alleata. Inizia così il secolo della guerra totale ed iniziano i bombardamenti per gettare nel terrore popolazioni che, nella stragrande maggioranza, non hanno mai visto un velivolo in volo. Un raid è effettuato su Parigi il 30 agosto 1914, ma la Gran Bretagna è l’obiettivo principale. Il 19 gennaio 1915 gli Zeppelin della Marina tedesca si affacciano sulle coste inglesi ed agendo in piena impunità sganciano bombe su un piccolo centro, King Lynn, causando cinque morti. Seguiranno altre 19 incursioni nell’anno. Per la prima volta dopo secoli la terra britannica, difesa dalla flotta più potente del mondo, è stata violata. La difesa è inesistente, la caccia non riesce a impegnare i dirigibili che all’inizio del conflitto hanno circa la stessa velocità degli aerei, ma sono meglio armati, portano un carico di bombe superiore, hanno un maggiore raggio di azione. Su Parigi gli Zeppelin arrivano il 7 e il 20 marzo 1915 e viene colpita la cattedrale di Notre-Dame. I morti sono sette. Nell’eterna lotta tra lo scudo e la spada, il 17 maggio un dirigibile è attaccato dalla caccia e con difficoltà torna alla base. Il 17 giugno un pilota inglese in territorio francese “bombarda” volandoci sopra uno Zeppelin con sei piccole bombe e lo distrugge. Continuano gli attacchi anche su altre città francesi con morti e feriti. L’offensiva aerea dei dirigibili si allarga alla Gran Bretagna: il 13 aprile è la volta di Newcastle on Tyne, poi di Blyth, Wallsend, e South Shields senza vittime.
Recommended publications
  • Lord Healey CH MBE PC
    ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 31 (Incorporating the Proceedings of the Bomber Command Association’s 60th Anniversary Symposium) 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Photographs credited to MAP have been reproduced by kind permission of Military Aircraft Photographs. Copies of these, and of many others, may be obtained via http://www.mar.co.uk First published in the UK in 2004 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361 4231 Typeset by Creative Associates 115 Magdalen Road Oxford OX4 1RS Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 CONTENTS RECOLLECTIONS OF A SECRETARY OF STATE FOR 4 DEFENCE – The Rt Hon The Lord Healey CH MBE PC HOW DECISIVE WAS THE ROLE OF ALLIED AIR POWER 17 IN THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC, 1941-1945? by Sqn Ldr S I Richards SUMMARY OF THE MINUTES OF THE SEVENTEENTH 47 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD IN THE ROYAL AIR FORCE CLUB ON 10 JUNE 2003 FEEDBACK 51 DEREK WOOD – AN OBITUARY 55 BOOK REVIEWS 56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOMBER COMMAND 82 ASSOCIATION 60TH ANNIVERSARY SYMPOSIUM HELD AT THE RAF MUSEUM, HENDON ON 12 OCTOBER 2002 UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF AIR MSHL SIR JOHN CURTISS KCB KBE 4 RECOLLECTIONS OF A SECRETARY OF STATE FOR DEFENCE The Rt Hon The Lord Healey CH MBE PC I should perhaps start by saying that there is no specific theme to what I have to say.
    [Show full text]
  • June 2021 Issue 45 Ai Rpi Lo T
    JUNE 2021 ISSUE 45 AI RPI LO T INSIDE HRHTHE DUKE OF EDINBURGH 1921-2021 A Portrait of our Patron RED ARROWS IN 2021 & BEYOND Exclusive Interview with Red One OXFORD v CAMBRIDGE AIR RACE DIARY With the gradual relaxing of lockdown restrictions the Company is hopeful that the followingevents will be able to take place ‘in person’ as opposed to ‘virtually’. These are obviously subject to any subsequent change THE HONOURABLE COMPANY in regulations and members are advised to check OF AIR PILOTS before making travel plans. incorporating Air Navigators JUNE 2021 FORMER PATRON: 26 th Air Pilot Flying Club Fly-in Duxford His Royal Highness 30 th T&A Committee Air Pilot House (APH) The Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh KG KT JULY 2021 7th ACEC APH GRAND MASTER: 11 th Air Pilot Flying Club Fly-in Henstridge His Royal Highness th The Prince Andrew 13 APBF APH th Duke of York KG GCVO 13 Summer Supper Girdlers’ Hall 15 th GP&F APH th MASTER: 15 Court Cutlers’ Hall Sqn Ldr Nick Goodwyn MA Dip Psych CFS RAF (ret) 21 st APT/AST APH 22 nd Livery Dinner Carpenters’ Hall CLERK: 25 th Air Pilot Flying Club Fly-in Weybourne Paul J Tacon BA FCIS AUGUST 2021 Incorporated by Royal Charter. 3rd Air Pilot Flying Club Fly-in Lee on the Solent A Livery Company of the City of London. 10 th Air Pilot Flying Club Fly-in Popham PUBLISHED BY: 15 th Air Pilot Flying Club The Honourable Company of Air Pilots, Summer BBQ White Waltham Air Pilots House, 52A Borough High Street, London SE1 1XN SEPTEMBER 2021 EMAIL : [email protected] 15 th APPL APH www.airpilots.org 15 th Air Pilot Flying Club Fly-in Oaksey Park th EDITOR: 16 GP&F APH Allan Winn EMAIL: [email protected] 16 th Court Cutlers’ Hall 21 st Luncheon Club RAF Club DEPUTY EDITOR: 21 st Tymms Lecture RAF Club Stephen Bridgewater EMAIL: [email protected] 30 th Air Pilot Flying Club Fly-in Compton Abbas SUB EDITOR: Charlotte Bailey Applications forVisits and Events EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTIONS: The copy deadline for the August 2021 edition of Air Pilot Please kindly note that we are ceasing publication of is 1 st July 2021.
    [Show full text]
  • Military History Anniversaries 1 Thru 15 MAR
    Military History Anniversaries 1 thru 15 MAR Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests Mar 01 1781 – American Revolution: Articles of Confederation are Ratified » The Articles are finally ratified. They were signed by Congress and sent to the individual states for ratification on November 15, 1777, after 16 months of debate. Bickering over land claims between Virginia and Maryland delayed final ratification for almost four more years. Maryland finally approved the Articles on March 1, 1781, affirming the Articles as the outline of the official government of the United States. The nation was guided by the Articles of Confederation until the implementation of the current U.S. Constitution in 1789. The critical distinction between the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution —the primacy of the states under the Articles—is best understood by comparing the following lines. The Articles of Confederation begin: “To all to whom these Present shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States” By contrast, the Constitution begins: “We the People of the United States do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” The predominance of the states under the Articles of Confederation is made even more explicit by the claims of Article II: “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.” Less than five years after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, enough leading Americans decided that the system was inadequate to the task of governance that they peacefully overthrew their second government in just over 20 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes to Pages 322-8
    Notes to pages 322-8 r ro G (Air), Main HQ 2 r Army Group, 'Notes on Air Support, June-October 1944,' I, PRO WO 205/556; 'The Effects of Air Power,' DHist SGR II 264, folder 24 l l l G (Air), Main HQ 21 Army Group, 'Notes on Air Support, June-October 1944,' 3, PRO WO 205/556 CHAPTER 10: FLNAL BATILES l Everard, A Mouse in My Pocket, 365--6 2 No 401 Squadron ORB, 3 Sept. 1944, DHist 3 Report by Air Marshal Sir Arthur Coningham, 78, PRO Air 37/876 4 'Air Support - lst Cdn Army. Report on Air Support in 2nd Brit Army and rst Cdn Army by Lt-Col T.C. Braithwaite, OBE, and Lt-Col W.B.G. Reynolds,' nd, para r l, file 215cr.093 (03), NA, RG 24, vol. IO, 671 5 Ibid., para 3 r 6 'Air Support NWE - Lecture by Maj-Gen C.C. Mann to Staff Course at RMC, 25 July 46,' nd, file 215ci.091, ibid. 7 Vincent Orange, Coningham (London 1990), 218 8 Ibid. 9 Craven and Cate, The Army Air Forces in World War ll, Ill, 608; No 402 Squadron ORB, 17-30 Sept. 1944, DHist IO No 83 Group ORB, 15 Sept. 1944, PRO Air 25/698; Ellis, Victory in the West, II, 44; No 441 Squadron ORB, 25 Sept. 1944, DHist; Combat Reports, DHist 73/847; No 416 Squadron ORB, 25 Sept. 1944, DHist; Combat Reports, DHist 83/847; Casualty Lists, DHist 90/19 II AHB, Rise and Fall of the German Air Force, 336, 340; Squadron Leader D.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Defence Forces Review 2020 Defence Forces Review 2020
    Defence Forces Review 2020 Defence Forces Review 2020 ISSN 1649-7066 DISCLAIMER The material and views expressed in these papers are those of the authors, which have been subject to academic peer review, and do not indicate official approval of the Defence Forces or the Department of Defence. Published for the Military Authorities by the Public Relations Section at the Chief of Staff’s Branch, and printed at the Defence Forces Printing Press, Infirmary Road, Dublin 7. © Copyright in accordance with Section 56 of the Copyright Act, 1963, Section 7 of the University of Limerick Act, 1989 and Section 6 of the Dublin University Act, 1989. 1 Launch of the Defence Forces Review In conjunction with an Academic Seminar Dublin City University, 3rd December, 2020 Defence Forces Review 2020 Preface “Not all readers are leaders, but all leaders are readers.” (Harry Truman, US President 1945 – ‘53) Building on the success of last year’s Review, launch and positive reaction 2020’s Review is themed ‘The global island: Strategic implications for Irish defence planning in the evolving geopolitical landscape.’ This is a pertinent topic in light of the Defence Commission proposed in the 2020 Programme for Government, which is set to look at “the medium- and longer term defence requirements of the State…” The Defence Forces Review provides a forum in which contributors can present their research and facilitate discussion on a wide range of defence-related matters for the benefit of the wider Defence Community in Ireland and beyond. Sadly, due to Covid 19 restrictions we will be unable to have a normal launch of the Review.
    [Show full text]
  • Framing Memory: the Bombings of Dresden, Germany in Narrative, Discourse and Commemoration After 1945
    Framing Memory: The Bombings of Dresden, Germany in Narrative, Discourse and Commemoration after 1945. by Meghan Kathleen Bowe BA, Simon Fraser University, 2009 BFA, Simon Fraser University, 2009 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History © Meghan Kathleen Bowe, 2011 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Framing Memory: The Bombings of Dresden, Germany in Narrative, Discourse and Commemoration after 1945. by Meghan Kathleen Bowe BA, Simon Fraser University, 2009 BFA, Simon Fraser University, 2009 Supervisory Committee Dr. Oliver Schmidtke, (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe, (Department of History) Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Oliver Schmidtke, (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe, (Department of History) Departmental Member As a controversial and violent act of bombing a civilian city, the Dresden raids of 13 to 15 February 1945 persist in public memory and academic discussions as a symbol of destruction and whether strategic and/or area bombings are justified and necessary acts of modern war. The various ways in which the Dresden bombings have been remembered and commemorated has contributed a great deal towards this city’s enduring legacy. This thesis examines the wartime bombings of Dresden to investigate how the memory, commemoration and narrative of the Dresden raids have been shaped and framed in public and academic discourses since 1945. To do so, this study focuses on the city of Dresden during the phase of Allied occupation, the period of East Germany and briefly beyond reunification to demonstrate the ongoing and changing discursive legacy of this controversial event.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Development of Target Marking Techniques to the Prosecution of the Bombing Offensive During the Second World War
    Circumventing the law that humans cannot see in the dark: an assessment of the development of target marking techniques to the prosecution of the bombing offensive during the Second World War Submitted by Paul George Freer to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in August 2017 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: Paul Freer 1 ABSTRACT Royal Air Force Bomber Command entered the Second World War committed to a strategy of precision bombing in daylight. The theory that bomber formations would survive contact with the enemy was soon dispelled and it was obvious that Bomber Command would have to switch to bombing at night. The difficulties of locating a target at night soon became apparent. In August 1941, only one in three of those crews claiming to have bombed a target had in fact had been within five miles of it. And yet, less than four years later, it would be a very different story. By early 1945, 95% of aircraft despatched bombed within 3 miles of the Aiming Point and the average bombing error was 600 yards. How, then, in the space of four years did Bomber Command evolve from an ineffective force failing even to locate a target to the formidable force of early 1945? In part, the answer lies in the advent of electronic navigation aids that, in 1941, were simply not available.
    [Show full text]
  • So, 391--G2, 394; in First World War 378; Anti-Submarine Weapons 378
    Index 1053 So, 391--g2, 394; in First World War 378; Baker fitted to Lancaster x 758; Rose anti-submarine weapons 378--g, 393-4; U­ 685, 752-3; Village Inn/AGLT and radar­ boat losses 378-9, 394-5, 396, 399, 405, assisted gun-laying 752-3, 823; need to 414, 416; Allied shipping losses 379, 405, counter Schrage Musik fitted to German 414; U-boat tactics 381 , 391 , 396, 404- 5, night-fighters 687-8, 734, 763-4, 830, 854 409, 412; Mooring patrols 383, 402-4, Army Co-operation Command, see 410-1 l; Leigh Light 393- 4, 395; Biscay commands offensive 393-8; ASV radar and counter­ Army Photo Interpretation Section: and measures, 393- 4, 395; Musketry patrols procedures for photographic 397-8, 446; Percussion operations 398; in reconnaissance 296-7 Operation Overlord 406-ro; inshore Arnhem 326, 347-8, 875-6, 881 - 3, 890 patrols 410-16; Sir Arthur Harris believes Arnold, Gen. H.H. 832 bomber offensive is more important 598, Arnold-Portal-Towers agreement: and supply 638; Portal agrees 620; Bomber Command of bomber aircraft 599 ordered to attack U-boat bases in France Arras 775, 808 638--g, 677; other refs 95, 270, 375 Article xv, see Canadianization Anti-U-boat Warfare Committee 391 , 394 Ash, P/O W.F. 207 Antwerp 327, 337, 835, 845, 855 Ashford, F/L Herbert 648 Anzio 287-8 Ashman, W/C R.A. 400 Aqualagna 308 Assam 876, 905 Arakan 901, 903, 906 Associated Press 71 Archer, w/c J.C. 398, 400 ASV , see radar, air-to-surface vessel (ASV) Archer, F/L P.L.I.
    [Show full text]
  • Bomber Boys: the Ruhr, the Dambusters and Bloody Berlin Free
    FREE BOMBER BOYS: THE RUHR, THE DAMBUSTERS AND BLOODY BERLIN PDF Kevin Wilson | 512 pages | 01 Apr 2007 | Orion Publishing Co | 9780304367245 | English | London, United Kingdom Bombing of Hamburg, Dresden, and Other Cities | World War II Database View Larger Image. Synopsis: A gripping account of the everyday heroism of British bomber crews in - the year when Bomber Command believed it could win WWII by bombing alone. In the RAF began a bombing campaign against Germany, the like of which had never before been seen. Over the next twelve months, tens of thousands of aircrews flew across the North Sea to drop their bombs on German cities. They were opposed not only by the full force the Dambusters and Bloody Berlin the Luftwaffe, but by a nightmare of flak, treacherously icy conditions, the Dambusters and Bloody Berlin constant mechanical malfunction. Most of these crews never finished their tour of operations but were either shot down and killed, or taken prisoner by an increasingly hostile enemy. This is the story of the everyday heroism of British bomber crews in the days when it was widely believed that the Allies could win the Second The Dambusters and Bloody Berlin War by bombing alone. The Dambusters and Bloody Berlin Wilson has interviewed hundreds of former airmen about what their lives were like in the stomach-churning tension of flying repeatedly over hostile territory, the terror at being shot down or captured, and the peculiar mixture of guilt and pride at unleashing such devastation on Germany. Book Description WandN, Condition: Used; Good. Dispatched, from the UK, within 48 hours of ordering.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Airmen Lost in Wwii by Date 1942
    CANADA'S AIR WAR 1942 updated 21/03/07 During the year the chief RCAF Medical Officer in England, W/C A.R. Tilley, moved from London to East Grinstead where his training in reconstructive surgery could be put to effective use (R. Donovan). See July 1944. January 1942 419 Sqn. begins to equip with Wellington Ic aircraft (RCAF Sqns.). Air Marshal H. Edwards was posted from Ottawa, where as Air Member for Personnel he had overseen recruitment of instructors and other skilled people during the expansion of the BCATP, to London, England, to supervise the expansion of the RCAF overseas. There he finds that RCAF airmen sent overseas are not being tracked or properly supported by the RAF. At this time the location of some 6,000 RCAF airmen seconded to RAF units are unknown to the RCAF. He immediately takes steps to change this, and eventually had RCAF offices set up in Egypt and India to provide administrative support to RCAF airmen posted to these areas. He also begins pressing for the establishment of truly RCAF squadrons under Article 15 (a program sometimes referred to as "Canadianization"), despite great opposition from the RAF (E. Cable). He succeeded, but at the cost of his health, leading to his early retirement in 1944. Early in the year the Fa 223 helicopter was approved for production. In a program designed by E.A. Bott the results of psychological testing on 5,000 personnel selected for aircrew during 1942 were compared with the results of the actual training to determine which tests were the most useful.
    [Show full text]
  • College Boys at War
    College Boys at War In the Summer term of 1926, Arnold Thornton the headmaster of Leamington College made a surprise announcement following a morning assembly in the Great Hall. He had received a request from the Air Ministry to grant the boys a half- holiday in celebration of the award of a cadetship at RAF College Cranwell to a former pupil of the College, Frank Whittle. Needless to say, the news was warmly received by the College pupils many of whom were contemporaries of Whittle and like him aspired to a career in flying. RAF Volunteer Reserve Following the Great War there had been a huge increase of interest in careers in flying which presented the ultimate challenge for young men with guts and a spirit of adventure. A decade later, many of the erstwhile College lads were not slow to sign up with a new volunteer force the RAF Volunteer Reserve formed in 1936. When war broke out in 1939, the Air Ministry employed the RAFVR as the principal means of aircrew entry into the Royal Air Force. For many of the College old boys, their unbridled enthusiasm for flying would ensure their names would for ever be remembered on the school’s Memorial Board commemorating former pupils killed in action during the Second World War. The town War Memorial bears the names of Sgt Derek Brown RAFVR fifty members of the Royal Air Force who died on active service in the Second World War and half of them were former Leamington College boys serving with the RAFVR. The accompanying article tells the stories of some of those Binswood Avenue 'bomber boys' who gave their lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Bomben Auf Freund Und Feind Alliierter Bombenkrieg in West- Und Süd/Osteuropa
    1 Bomben auf Freund und Feind Alliierter Bombenkrieg in West- und Süd/Osteuropa Eine Dokumentation von Günter Zemella Inhaltsverzeichnis Alliierter Bombenkrieg in West- und Süd/Osteuropa ............................................................................. 1 Kurzbiographie .................................................................................................................................... 1 Die Wege in die europäische Katastrophe in Stichworten .................................................................. 1 Alliierte Luftangriffe auf Frankreich – „Franzosenabschlachten“ .................................................... 14 Alliierte Luftangriffe auf Holland und Belgien ................................................................................... 23 Alliierte Luftangriffe auf Italien: „Natürlich bombardieren“ ............................................................ 26 Alliierte Luftangriffe auf Sofia und weitere bulgarische Großstädte ................................................ 34 Alliierte Luftangriffe gegen tschechische Städte ............................................................................... 36 Alliierte Luftangriffe auf Auschwitz, Buchenwald und Nordhausen ................................................. 40 Bilanz des alliierten Bombenkrieges in Europa ................................................................................. 41 Zerstörung von Kulturwerken ........................................................................................................... 42 Literaturverzeichnis
    [Show full text]